42 results on '"Petukhova, Maria V."'
Search Results
2. Predicting Homelessness Among Transitioning U.S. Army Soldiers
- Author
-
Tsai, Jack, Szymkowiak, Dorota, Hooshyar, Dina, Gildea, Sarah M., Hwang, Irving, Kennedy, Chris J., King, Andrew J., Koh, Katherine A., Luedtke, Alex, Marx, Brian P., Montgomery, Ann E., O'Brien, Robert W., Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Stein, Murray B., Ursano, Robert J., and Kessler, Ronald C.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Predicting suicide attempts among U.S. Army soldiers after leaving active duty using information available before leaving active duty: results from the Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers-Longitudinal Study (STARRS-LS)
- Author
-
Stanley, Ian H., Chu, Carol, Gildea, Sarah M., Hwang, Irving H., King, Andrew J., Kennedy, Chris J., Luedtke, Alex, Marx, Brian P., O’Brien, Robert, Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Vogt, Dawne, Stein, Murray B., Ursano, Robert J., and Kessler, Ronald C.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Can polygenic scores enhance the predictive performance of clinical risk models for suicide attempts in a psychiatric emergency room setting? (Preprint)
- Author
-
Lee, Younga Heather, primary, Zhang, Yingzhe, additional, Kennedy, Chris J, additional, Mallard, Travis T, additional, Liu, Zhaowen, additional, Vu, Phuong Linh, additional, Feng, Yen-Chen Anne, additional, Ge, Tian, additional, Petukhova, Maria V, additional, Kessler, Ronald C, additional, Nock, Matthew K, additional, and Smoller, Jordan W, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Role of Big Data Analytics in Predicting Suicide
- Author
-
Kessler, Ronald C., Bernecker, Samantha L., Bossarte, Robert M., Luedtke, Alex R., McCarthy, John F., Nock, Matthew K., Pigeon, Wilfred R., Petukhova, Maria V., Sadikova, Ekaterina, VanderWeele, Tyler J., Zuromski, Kelly L., Zaslavsky, Alan M., Passos, Ives Cavalcante, editor, Mwangi, Benson, editor, and Kapczinski, Flávio, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Proof‐of‐concept of a data‐driven approach to estimate the associations of comorbid mental and physical disorders with global health‐related disability.
- Author
-
de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Alonso, Jordi, Chatterji, Somnath, de Jonge, Peter, Lokkerbol, Joran, McGrath, John J., Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Sverdrup, Erik, Vigo, Daniel V., Wager, Stefan, Al‐Hamzawi, Ali, Borges, Guilherme, Bruffaerts, Ronny, Bunting, Brendan, Chardoul, Stephanie, Karam, Elie G., Kiejna, Andrzej, Kovess‐Masfety, Viviane, and Navarro‐Mateu, Fernando
- Subjects
MENTAL health surveys ,ASSOCIATION of ideas ,MENTAL illness ,PROOF of concept ,MEDICAL registries ,PEOPLE with disabilities - Abstract
Objective: The standard method of generating disorder‐specific disability scores has lay raters make rankings between pairs of disorders based on brief disorder vignettes. This method introduces bias due to differential rater knowledge of disorders and inability to disentangle the disability due to disorders from the disability due to comorbidities. Methods: We propose an alternative, data‐driven, method of generating disorder‐specific disability scores that assesses disorders in a sample of individuals either from population medical registry data or population survey self‐reports and uses Generalized Random Forests (GRF) to predict global (rather than disorder‐specific) disability assessed by clinician ratings or by survey respondent self‐reports. This method also provides a principled basis for studying patterns and predictors of heterogeneity in disorder‐specific disability. We illustrate this method by analyzing data for 16 disorders assessed in the World Mental Health Surveys (n = 53,645). Results: Adjustments for comorbidity decreased estimates of disorder‐specific disability substantially. Estimates were generally somewhat higher with GRF than conventional multivariable regression models. Heterogeneity was nonsignificant. Conclusions: The results show clearly that the proposed approach is practical, and that adjustment is needed for comorbidities to obtain accurate estimates of disorder‐specific disability. Expansion to a wider range of disorders would likely find more evidence for heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Estimated Average Treatment Effect of Psychiatric Hospitalization in Patients With Suicidal Behaviors: A Precision Treatment Analysis.
- Author
-
Ross, Eric L., Bossarte, Robert M., Dobscha, Steven K., Gildea, Sarah M., Hwang, Irving, Kennedy, Chris J., Liu, Howard, Luedtke, Alex, Marx, Brian P., Nock, Matthew K., Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Zainal, Nur Hani, Sverdrup, Erik, Wager, Stefan, and Kessler, Ronald C.
- Subjects
SUICIDAL behavior ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,SUICIDE risk factors ,PSYCHIATRIC treatment ,ATTEMPTED suicide ,PSYCHIATRIC hospital care - Abstract
Key Points: Question: Can development of an individualized treatment rule identify patients presenting to emergency departments/urgent care with suicidal ideation or suicide attempts who are likely to benefit from psychiatric hospitalization? Findings: A decision analytic model found that hospitalization was associated with reduced suicide attempt risk among patients who attempted suicide in the past day but not among others with suicidality. Accounting for heterogeneity, suicide attempt risk was found to increase with hospitalization in 24% of patients and decrease in 28%. Meaning: Results of this study suggest that implementing an individualized treatment rule could identify many additional patients who may benefit from or be harmed by hospitalization. Importance: Psychiatric hospitalization is the standard of care for patients presenting to an emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) with high suicide risk. However, the effect of hospitalization in reducing subsequent suicidal behaviors is poorly understood and likely heterogeneous. Objectives: To estimate the association of psychiatric hospitalization with subsequent suicidal behaviors using observational data and develop a preliminary predictive analytics individualized treatment rule accounting for heterogeneity in this association across patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: A machine learning analysis of retrospective data was conducted. All veterans presenting with suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempt (SA) from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, were included. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2022, to March 10, 2023. Subgroups were defined by primary psychiatric diagnosis (nonaffective psychosis, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and other) and suicidality (SI only, SA in past 2-7 days, and SA in past day). Models were trained in 70.0% of the training samples and tested in the remaining 30.0%. Exposures: Psychiatric hospitalization vs nonhospitalization. Main Outcomes and Measures: Fatal and nonfatal SAs within 12 months of ED/UC visits were identified in administrative records and the National Death Index. Baseline covariates were drawn from electronic health records and geospatial databases. Results: Of 196 610 visits (90.3% men; median [IQR] age, 53 [41-59] years), 71.5% resulted in hospitalization. The 12-month SA risk was 11.9% with hospitalization and 12.0% with nonhospitalization (difference, −0.1%; 95% CI, −0.4% to 0.2%). In patients with SI only or SA in the past 2 to 7 days, most hospitalization was not associated with subsequent SAs. For patients with SA in the past day, hospitalization was associated with risk reductions ranging from −6.9% to −9.6% across diagnoses. Accounting for heterogeneity, hospitalization was associated with reduced risk of subsequent SAs in 28.1% of the patients and increased risk in 24.0%. An individualized treatment rule based on these associations may reduce SAs by 16.0% and hospitalizations by 13.0% compared with current rates. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this study suggest that psychiatric hospitalization is associated with reduced average SA risk in the immediate aftermath of an SA but not after other recent SAs or SI only. Substantial heterogeneity exists in these associations across patients. An individualized treatment rule accounting for this heterogeneity could both reduce SAs and avert hospitalizations. This predictive analytics model develops a preliminary individualized treatment rule to estimate the association between psychiatric hospitalization and subsequent suicidal behaviors in patients at risk for suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Estimated Average Treatment Effect of Psychiatric Hospitalization in Patients With Suicidal Behaviors
- Author
-
Ross, Eric L., primary, Bossarte, Robert M., additional, Dobscha, Steven K., additional, Gildea, Sarah M., additional, Hwang, Irving, additional, Kennedy, Chris J., additional, Liu, Howard, additional, Luedtke, Alex, additional, Marx, Brian P., additional, Nock, Matthew K., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Zainal, Nur Hani, additional, Sverdrup, Erik, additional, Wager, Stefan, additional, and Kessler, Ronald C., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A Precision Treatment Model for Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression Among University Students
- Author
-
Benjet, Corina, primary, Zainal, Nur Hani, additional, Albor, Yesica, additional, Alvis-Barranco, Libia, additional, Carrasco-Tapias, Nayib, additional, Contreras-Ibáñez, Carlos C., additional, Cudris-Torres, Lorena, additional, de la Peña, Francisco R., additional, González, Noé, additional, Guerrero-López, José Benjamín, additional, Gutierrez-Garcia, Raúl A., additional, Jiménez-Peréz, Ana Lucía, additional, Medina-Mora, Maria Elena, additional, Patiño, Pamela, additional, Cuijpers, Pim, additional, Gildea, Sarah M., additional, Kazdin, Alan E., additional, Kennedy, Chris J., additional, Luedtke, Alex, additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, and Kessler, Ronald C., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Anxiety and Depression Among Latin American University Students: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
- Author
-
Benjet, Corina, Albor, Yesica, Alvis-Barranco, Libia, Contreras-Ibáñez, Carlos C., Cuartas, Gina, Cudris-Torres, Lorena, González, Noé, Cortés-Morelos, Jacqueline, Gutierrez-Garcia, Raúl A., Medina-Mora, Maria Elena, Patiño, Pamela, Vargas-Contreras, Eunice, Cuijpers, Pim, Gildea, Sarah M., Kazdin, Alan E., Kennedy, Chris J., Luedtke, Alex, Sampson, Nancy A., Petukhova, Maria V., and Zainal, Nur Hani
- Subjects
COGNITIVE therapy ,CLINICAL trials ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,MENTAL depression ,MENTAL illness ,DIMENSIONAL analysis - Abstract
Objective: Untreated mental disorders are important among low- and middle-income country (LMIC) university students in Latin America, where barriers to treatment are high. Scalable interventions are needed. This study compared transdiagnostic self-guided and guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (i-CBT) with treatment as usual (TAU) for clinically significant anxiety and depression among undergraduates in Colombia and Mexico. Method: 1,319 anxious, as determined by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 (GAD-7) = 10+ and/or depressed, as determined by the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9) = 10+, undergraduates (mean [SD] age = 21.4 [3.2]); 78.7% female; 55.9% first-generation university student) from seven universities in Colombia and Mexico were randomized to culturally adapted versions of self-guided i-CBT (n = 439), guided i-CBT (n = 445), or treatment as usual (TAU; n = 435). All randomized participants were reassessed 3 months after randomization. The primary outcome was remission of both anxiety (GAD-7 = 0–4) and depression (PHQ-9 = 0–4). We hypothesized that remission would be higher with guided i-CBT than with the other interventions. Results: Intent-to-treat analysis found significantly higher adjusted (for university and loss to follow-up) remission rates (ARD) among participants randomized to guided i-CBT than either self-guided i-CBT (ARD = 13.1%, χ
1 2 = 10.4, p =.001) or TAU (ARD = 11.2%, χ1 2 = 8.4, p =.004), but no significant difference between self-guided i-CBT and TAU (ARD = −1.9%, χ1 2 = 0.2, p =.63). Per-protocol sensitivity analyses and analyses of dimensional outcomes yielded similar results. Conclusions: Significant reductions in anxiety and depression among LMIC university students could be achieved with guided i-CBT, although further research is needed to determine which students would most likely benefit from this intervention. What is the public health significance of this article?: Anxiety and depression are significant public health problems in LMIC universities. A culturally adapted transdiagnostic-guided i-CBT could help alleviate these problems as a low-threshold intervention component of a stepped-care treatment delivery model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A practical risk calculator for suicidal behavior among transitioning U.S. Army soldiers: results from the Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers-Longitudinal Study (STARRS-LS).
- Author
-
Kearns, Jaclyn C., Edwards, Emily R., Finley, Erin P., Geraci, Joseph C., Gildea, Sarah M., Goodman, Marianne, Hwang, Irving, Kennedy, Chris J., King, Andrew J., Luedtke, Alex, Marx, Brian P., Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Seim, Richard W., Stanley, Ian H., Stein, Murray B., Ursano, Robert J., and Kessler, Ronald C.
- Subjects
SUICIDE risk factors ,SELF-evaluation ,MACHINE learning ,RISK assessment ,SUICIDAL behavior ,SEVERITY of illness index ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,PSYCHOLOGY of military personnel ,PREDICTION models ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,DATA analysis software ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Risk of suicide-related behaviors is elevated among military personnel transitioning to civilian life. An earlier report showed that high-risk U.S. Army soldiers could be identified shortly before this transition with a machine learning model that included predictors from administrative systems, self-report surveys, and geospatial data. Based on this result, a Veterans Affairs and Army initiative was launched to evaluate a suicide-prevention intervention for high-risk transitioning soldiers. To make targeting practical, though, a streamlined model and risk calculator were needed that used only a short series of self-report survey questions. Methods: We revised the original model in a sample of n = 8335 observations from the Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers-Longitudinal Study (STARRS-LS) who participated in one of three Army STARRS 2011–2014 baseline surveys while in service and in one or more subsequent panel surveys (LS1: 2016–2018, LS2: 2018–2019) after leaving service. We trained ensemble machine learning models with constrained numbers of item-level survey predictors in a 70% training sample. The outcome was self-reported post-transition suicide attempts (SA). The models were validated in the 30% test sample. Results: Twelve-month post-transition SA prevalence was 1.0% (s.e. = 0.1). The best constrained model, with only 17 predictors, had a test sample ROC-AUC of 0.85 (s.e. = 0.03). The 10–30% of respondents with the highest predicted risk included 44.9–92.5% of 12-month SAs. Conclusions: An accurate SA risk calculator based on a short self-report survey can target transitioning soldiers shortly before leaving service for intervention to prevent post-transition SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Findings from the World Mental Health Surveys of Civil Violence Exposure and Its Association with Subsequent Onset and Persistence of Mental Disorders
- Author
-
Axinn, William G., Bruffaerts, Ronny, Kessler, Timothy L., Frounfelker, Rochelle, Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio, Alonso, Jordi, Bunting, Brendan, Caldas-De-Almeida, José Miguel, Cardoso, Graça, Chardoul, Stephanie, Chiu, Wai Tat, Cía, Alfredo, Gureje, Oye, Karam, Elie G., Kovess-Masfety, Viviane, Petukhova, Maria V., Piazza, Marina, Posada-Villa, José, Sampson, Nancy A., Scott, Kate M., Stagnaro, Juan Carlos, Stein, Dan J., Torres, Yolanda, Williams, David R., Kessler, Ronald C., NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), and Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) - pólo NMS
- Subjects
Medicine(all) ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ,SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities - Abstract
Publisher Copyright: © 2023 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Importance: Understanding the association of civil violence with mental disorders is important for developing effective postconflict recovery policies. Objective: To estimate the association between exposure to civil violence and the subsequent onset and persistence of common mental disorders (in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition [DSM-IV]) in representative surveys of civilians from countries that have experienced civil violence since World War II. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study used data from cross-sectional World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) surveys administered to households between February 5, 2001, and January 5, 2022, in 7 countries that experienced periods of civil violence after World War II (Argentina, Colombia, Lebanon, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, Peru, and South Africa). Data from respondents in other WMH surveys who immigrated from countries with civil violence in Africa and Latin America were also included. Representative samples comprised adults (aged ≥18 years) from eligible countries. Data analysis was performed from February 10 to 13, 2023. Exposures: Exposure was defined as a self-report of having been a civilian in a war zone or region of terror. Related stressors (being displaced, witnessing atrocities, or being a combatant) were also assessed. Exposures occurred a median of 21 (IQR, 12-30) years before the interview. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was the retrospectively reported lifetime prevalence and 12-month persistence (estimated by calculating 12-month prevalence among lifetime cases) of DSM-IV anxiety, mood, and externalizing (alcohol use, illicit drug use, or intermittent explosive) disorders. Results: This study included 18212 respondents from 7 countries. Of these individuals, 2096 reported that they were exposed to civil violence (56.5% were men; median age, 40 [IQR, 30-52] years) and 16116 were not exposed (45.2% were men; median age, 35 [IQR, 26-48] years). Respondents who reported being exposed to civil violence had a significantly elevated onset risk of anxiety (risk ratio [RR], 1.8 [95% CI, 1.5-2.1]), mood (RR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.3-1.7]), and externalizing (RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.3-1.9]) disorders. Combatants additionally had a significantly elevated onset risk of anxiety disorders (RR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.3-3.1]) and refugees had an increased onset risk of mood (RR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1-2.0]) and externalizing (RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.0-2.4]) disorders. Elevated disorder onset risks persisted for more than 2 decades if conflicts persisted but not after either termination of hostilities or emigration. Persistence (ie, 12-month prevalence among respondents with lifetime prevalence of the disorder), in comparison, was generally not associated with exposure. Conclusions: In this survey study of exposure to civil violence, exposure was associated with an elevated risk of mental disorders among civilians for many years after initial exposure. These findings suggest that policy makers should recognize these associations when projecting future mental disorder treatment needs in countries experiencing civil violence and among affected migrants. publishersversion published
- Published
- 2023
13. A Precision Treatment Model for Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression among University Students: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
- Author
-
Benjet, Corina, Zainal, Nur Hani, Albor, Yesica, Alvis-Barranco, Libia, Carrasco-Tapias, Nayib, Contreras-Ibáñez, Carlos C., Cudris-Torres, Lorena, De La Peña, Francisco R., González, Noé, Guerrero-López, José Benjamín, Gutierrez-Garcia, Raúl A., Jiménez-Peréz, Ana Lucía, Medina-Mora, Maria Elena, Patiño, Pamela, Cuijpers, Pim, Gildea, Sarah M., Kazdin, Alan E., Kennedy, Chris J., Luedtke, Alex, Sampson, Nancy A., Petukhova, Maria V., Kessler, Ronald C., Benjet, Corina, Zainal, Nur Hani, Albor, Yesica, Alvis-Barranco, Libia, Carrasco-Tapias, Nayib, Contreras-Ibáñez, Carlos C., Cudris-Torres, Lorena, De La Peña, Francisco R., González, Noé, Guerrero-López, José Benjamín, Gutierrez-Garcia, Raúl A., Jiménez-Peréz, Ana Lucía, Medina-Mora, Maria Elena, Patiño, Pamela, Cuijpers, Pim, Gildea, Sarah M., Kazdin, Alan E., Kennedy, Chris J., Luedtke, Alex, Sampson, Nancy A., Petukhova, Maria V., and Kessler, Ronald C.
- Abstract
Importance: Guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (i-CBT) is a low-cost way to address high unmet need for anxiety and depression treatment. Scalability could be increased if some patients were helped as much by self-guided i-CBT as guided i-CBT. Objective: To develop an individualized treatment rule using machine learning methods for guided i-CBT vs self-guided i-CBT based on a rich set of baseline predictors. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prespecified secondary analysis of an assessor-blinded, multisite randomized clinical trial of guided i-CBT, self-guided i-CBT, and treatment as usual included students in Colombia and Mexico who were seeking treatment for anxiety (defined as a 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7] score of ≥10) and/or depression (defined as a 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] score of ≥10). Study recruitment was from March 1 to October 26, 2021. Initial data analysis was conducted from May 23 to October 26, 2022. Interventions: Participants were randomized to a culturally adapted transdiagnostic i-CBT that was guided (n = 445), self-guided (n = 439), or treatment as usual (n = 435). Main Outcomes and Measures: Remission of anxiety (GAD-7 scores of ≤4) and depression (PHQ-9 scores of ≤4) 3 months after baseline. Results: The study included 1319 participants (mean [SD] age, 21.4 [3.2] years; 1038 women [78.7%]; 725 participants [55.0%] came from Mexico). A total of 1210 participants (91.7%) had significantly higher mean (SE) probabilities of joint remission of anxiety and depression with guided i-CBT (51.8% [3.0%]) than with self-guided i-CBT (37.8% [3.0%]; P =.003) or treatment as usual (40.0% [2.7%]; P =.001). The remaining 109 participants (8.3%) had low mean (SE) probabilities of joint remission of anxiety and depression across all groups (guided i-CBT: 24.5% [9.1%]; P =.007; self-guided i-CBT: 25.4% [8.8%]; P =.004; treatment as usual: 31.0% [9.4%]; P =.001). All participants with baseline anxiety
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. COVID-19 and common mental disorders among AUTHORS: university students in South Africa
- Author
-
Bantjes, Jason, Swanevelder, Sonja, Jordaan, Esme, Sampson, Nancy A., Petukhova, Maria V., Lochner, Christine, Stein, Dan J., and Kessler, Ronald C.
- Subjects
COVID-19, university students, South Africa, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation - Abstract
COVID-19 has had far-reaching economic, social and health consequences, with vulnerable groups disproportionally affected. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, concern was expressed about university students’ mental health, with global data suggesting students are more vulnerable than the general population to mental disorders. Yet, it is unclear what the pandemic’s impact has been on the mental health of students in South Africa. We examined the impact of COVID-19 on first-year students at two universities in South Africa by analysing changes in the prevalence and age-of-onset of three common mental disorders (namely major depressive episode, generalised anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation) before and during the pandemic, and comparing these to changes between 2015 and 2017. Our analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected in 2015, 2017 and 2020 shows no clear or consistent pattern of increases in prevalence of common mental disorders following the start of the pandemic. Lifetime prevalence rates of common mental disorders among students have been steadily increasing since 2015, and where increases before and during COVID-19 were observed, they are not consistently larger than increases between 2015 and 2020. No significant changes were observed in the 12-month prevalence of common mental disorders before and during COVID-19, except for an increase in prevalence of depression at one institution, and a decrease in suicidal ideation at the other. Findings suggest that in the context of ongoing adversity and disruptions on South African university campuses in recent years, COVID-19 may be just one more stressor local students face and that its impact on student mental health may not have been as marked in South Africa compared to other regions. Significance:• This study is the first to explore COVID-19’s impact on university students’ mental health in South Africa, using data collected before and during the pandemic.• High rates of psychopathology confirm the need for sustainable campus-based interventions to support student well-being.• Rates of mental disorders among students have been increasing since 2015, and increases observed in 2020 were no larger than those observed in prior years.• In the context of disruptions on university campuses in recent years, COVID-19 is just one more stressor for students, and its impact may not have been as marked in South Africa compared to other regions.
- Published
- 2023
15. COVID-19 and common mental disorders among university students in South Africa
- Author
-
Bantjes, Jason, primary, Swanevelder, Sonja, additional, Jordaan, Esme, additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Lochner, Christine, additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, and Kessler, Ronald C., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Evaluation of a Model to Target High-risk Psychiatric Inpatients for an Intensive Postdischarge Suicide Prevention Intervention
- Author
-
Kessler, Ronald C., primary, Bauer, Mark S., additional, Bishop, Todd M., additional, Bossarte, Robert M., additional, Castro, Victor M., additional, Demler, Olga V., additional, Gildea, Sarah M., additional, Goulet, Joseph L., additional, King, Andrew J., additional, Kennedy, Chris J., additional, Landes, Sara J., additional, Liu, Howard, additional, Luedtke, Alex, additional, Mair, Patrick, additional, Marx, Brian P., additional, Nock, Matthew K., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Pigeon, Wilfred R., additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Smoller, Jordan W., additional, Miller, Aletha, additional, Haas, Gretchen, additional, Benware, Jeffrey, additional, Bradley, John, additional, Owen, Richard R., additional, House, Samuel, additional, Urosevic, Snezana, additional, and Weinstock, Lauren M., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Developing a practical suicide risk prediction model for targeting high‐risk patients in the Veterans health Administration
- Author
-
Kessler, Ronald C., Hwang, Irving, Hoffmire, Claire A., McCarthy, John F., Petukhova, Maria V., Rosellini, Anthony J., Sampson, Nancy A., Schneider, Alexandra L., Bradley, Paul A., Katz, Ira R., Thompson, Caitlin, and Bossarte, Robert M.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Predicting Homelessness Among U.S. Army Soldiers No Longer on Active Duty
- Author
-
Koh, Katherine A., primary, Montgomery, Ann Elizabeth, additional, O'Brien, Robert W., additional, Kennedy, Chris J., additional, Luedtke, Alex, additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Gildea, Sarah M., additional, Hwang, Irving, additional, King, Andrew J., additional, Petriceks, Aldis H., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Stein, Murray B., additional, Ursano, Robert J., additional, and Kessler, Ronald C., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Estimated Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Clinically Significant Anxiety and Depression Among US Adults During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Author
-
Kessler, Ronald C., primary, Ruhm, Christopher J., additional, Puac-Polanco, Victor, additional, Hwang, Irving H., additional, Lee, Sue, additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Ziobrowski, Hannah N., additional, Zaslavsky, Alan M., additional, and Zubizarreta, Jose R., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Association of DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Traumatic Experience Type and History in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
- Author
-
Liu, Howard, Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio, Alonso, Jordi, Andrade, Laura Helena, Bromet, Evelyn J., de Girolamo, Giovanni, Haro, Josep Maria, Hinkov, Hristo, Kawakami, Norito, Koenen, Karestan C., Kovess-Masfety, Viviane, Lee, Sing, Medina-Mora, Maria Elena, Navarro-Mateu, Fernando, O’Neill, Siobhan, Piazza, Marina, Posada-Villa, José, Scott, Kate M., Shahly, Victoria, Stein, Dan J., ten Have, Margreet, Torres, Yolanda, Gureje, Oye, Zaslavsky, Alan M., and Kessler, Ronald C.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Evaluating the heterogeneous effect of a modifiable risk factor on suicide: The case of vitamin D deficiency
- Author
-
Zubizarreta, Jose R., primary, Umhau, John C., additional, Deuster, Patricia A., additional, Brenner, Lisa A., additional, King, Andrew J., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Tizenberg, Boris, additional, Upadhyaya, Sanjaya K., additional, RachBeisel, Jill A., additional, Streeten, Elizabeth A., additional, Kessler, Ronald C., additional, and Postolache, Teodor T., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. APPROXIMATING A DSM-5 DIAGNOSIS OF PTSD USING DSM-IV CRITERIA
- Author
-
Rosellini, Anthony J., Stein, Murray B., Colpe, Lisa J., Heeringa, Steven G., Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Schoenbaum, Michael, Ursano, Robert J., and Kessler, Ronald C.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Predicting Suicides After Psychiatric Hospitalization in US Army Soldiers: The Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)
- Author
-
Kessler, Ronald C., Warner, Christopher H., Ivany, Christopher, Petukhova, Maria V., Rose, Sherri, Bromet, Evelyn J., Brown, Millard, III, Cai, Tianxi, Colpe, Lisa J., Cox, Kenneth L., Fullerton, Carol S., Gilman, Stephen E., Gruber, Michael J., Heeringa, Steven G., Lewandowski-Romps, Lisa, Li, Junlong, Millikan-Bell, Amy M., Naifeh, James A., Nock, Matthew K., Rosellini, Anthony J., Sampson, Nancy A., Schoenbaum, Michael, Stein, Murray B., Wessely, Simon, Zaslavsky, Alan M., and Ursano, Robert J.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Evaluating the heterogeneous effect of a modifiable risk factor on suicide: The case of vitamin D deficiency.
- Author
-
Zubizarreta, Jose R., Umhau, John C., Deuster, Patricia A., Brenner, Lisa A., King, Andrew J., Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Tizenberg, Boris, Upadhyaya, Sanjaya K., RachBeisel, Jill A., Streeten, Elizabeth A., Kessler, Ronald C., and Postolache, Teodor T.
- Subjects
SUICIDE risk factors ,VITAMIN D deficiency ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Objectives: To illustrate the use of machine learning methods to search for heterogeneous effects of a target modifiable risk factor on suicide in observational studies. The illustration focuses on secondary analysis of a matched case‐control study of vitamin D deficiency predicting subsequent suicide. Methods: We describe a variety of machine learning methods to search for prescriptive predictors; that is, predictors of significant variation in the association between a target risk factor and subsequent suicide. In each case, the purpose is to evaluate the potential value of selective intervention on the target risk factor to prevent the outcome based on the provisional assumption that the target risk factor is causal. The approaches illustrated include risk modeling based on the super learner ensemble machine learning method, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) penalized regression, and the causal forest algorithm. Results: The logic of estimating heterogeneous intervention effects is exposited along with the illustration of some widely used methods for implementing this logic. Conclusions: In addition to describing best practices in using the machine learning methods considered here, we close with a discussion of broader design and analysis issues in planning an observational study to investigate heterogeneous effects of a modifiable risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Prior sleep problems and adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae of motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study
- Author
-
Neylan, Thomas C, primary, Kessler, Ronald C, additional, Ressler, Kerry J, additional, Clifford, Gari, additional, Beaudoin, Francesca L, additional, An, Xinming, additional, Stevens, Jennifer S, additional, Zeng, Donglin, additional, Linnstaedt, Sarah D, additional, Germine, Laura T, additional, Sheikh, Sophia, additional, Storrow, Alan B, additional, Punches, Brittany E, additional, Mohiuddin, Kamran, additional, Gentile, Nina T, additional, McGrath, Meghan E, additional, van Rooij, Sanne J H, additional, Haran, John P, additional, Peak, David A, additional, Domeier, Robert M, additional, Pearson, Claire, additional, Sanchez, Leon D, additional, Rathlev, Niels K, additional, Peacock, William F, additional, Bruce, Steven E, additional, Joormann, Jutta, additional, Barch, Deanna M, additional, Pizzagalli, Diego A, additional, Sheridan, John F, additional, Harte, Steven E, additional, Elliott, James M, additional, Hwang, Irving, additional, Petukhova, Maria V, additional, Sampson, Nancy A, additional, Koenen, Karestan C, additional, and McLean, Samuel A, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Kessler_Supplemental_Material – Supplemental material for Developing a Risk Model to Target High-Risk Preventive Interventions for Sexual Assault Victimization Among Female U.S. Army Soldiers
- Author
-
Street, Amy E., Rosellini, Anthony J., Ursano, Robert J., Heeringa, Steven G., Hill, Eric D., Monahan, John, Naifeh, James A., Petukhova, Maria V., Reis, Ben Y., Sampson, Nancy A., Bliese, Paul D., Stein, Murray B., Zaslavsky, Alan M., and Kessler, Ronald C.
- Subjects
FOS: Psychology ,170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified - Abstract
Supplemental material, Kessler_Supplemental_Material for Developing a Risk Model to Target High-Risk Preventive Interventions for Sexual Assault Victimization Among Female U.S. Army Soldiers by Amy E. Street, Anthony J. Rosellini, Robert J. Ursano, Steven G. Heeringa, Eric D. Hill, John Monahan, James A. Naifeh, Maria V. Petukhova, Ben Y. Reis, Nancy A. Sampson, Paul D. Bliese, Murray B. Stein, Alan M. Zaslavsky and Ronald C. Kessler in Clinical Psychological Science
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
- Author
-
Kessler, Ronald C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio, Alonso, Jordi, Benjet, Corina, Bromet, Evelyn J., Cardoso, Graça, Degenhardt, Louisa, de Girolamo, Giovanni, Dinolova, Rumyana V., Ferry, Finola, Florescu, Silvia, Gureje, Oye, Haro, Josep Maria, Huang, Yueqin, Karam, Elie G., Kawakami, Norito, Lee, Sing, Lepine, Jean Pierre, Levinson, Daphna, Navarro-Mateu, Fernando, Pennell, Beth Ellen, Piazza, Marina, Posada-Villa, José, Scott, Kate M., Stein, Dan J., Ten Have, Margreet, Torres, Yolanda, Viana, Maria Carmen, Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Zaslavsky, Alan M., Koenen, Karestan C., Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), and NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,trauma exposure ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,SDG 5 - Gender Equality ,mental disorders ,SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ,disorder prevalence and persistence ,epidemiology ,Burden of illness ,post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ,behavioral disciplines and activities - Abstract
Background: Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) onset-persistence is thought to vary significantly by trauma type, most epidemiological surveys are incapable of assessing this because they evaluate lifetime PTSD only for traumas nominated by respondents as their ‘worst.’ Objective: To review research on associations of trauma type with PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, a series of epidemiological surveys that obtained representative data on trauma-specific PTSD. Method: WMH Surveys in 24 countries (n = 68,894) assessed 29 lifetime traumas and evaluated PTSD twice for each respondent: once for the ‘worst’ lifetime trauma and separately for a randomly-selected trauma with weighting to adjust for individual differences in trauma exposures. PTSD onset-persistence was evaluated with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: In total, 70.4% of respondents experienced lifetime traumas, with exposure averaging 3.2 traumas per capita. Substantial between-trauma differences were found in PTSD onset but less in persistence. Traumas involving interpersonal violence had highest risk. Burden of PTSD, determined by multiplying trauma prevalence by trauma-specific PTSD risk and persistence, was 77.7 person-years/100 respondents. The trauma types with highest proportions of this burden were rape (13.1%), other sexual assault (15.1%), being stalked (9.8%), and unexpected death of a loved one (11.6%). The first three of these four represent relatively uncommon traumas with high PTSD risk and the last a very common trauma with low PTSD risk. The broad category of intimate partner sexual violence accounted for nearly 42.7% of all person-years with PTSD. Prior trauma history predicted both future trauma exposure and future PTSD risk. Conclusions: Trauma exposure is common throughout the world, unequally distributed, and differential across trauma types with respect to PTSD risk. Although a substantial minority of PTSD cases remits within months after onset, mean symptom duration is considerably longer than previously recognized. publishersversion published
- Published
- 2017
28. Predicting Sexual Assault Perpetration in the U.S. Army Using Administrative Data
- Author
-
Rosellini, Anthony J., primary, Monahan, John, additional, Street, Amy E., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Benedek, David M., additional, Bliese, Paul, additional, Stein, Murray B., additional, Ursano, Robert J., additional, and Kessler, Ronald C., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
- Author
-
Kessler, Ronald C., primary, Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Benjet, Corina, additional, Bromet, Evelyn J., additional, Cardoso, Graça, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, de Girolamo, Giovanni, additional, Dinolova, Rumyana V., additional, Ferry, Finola, additional, Florescu, Silvia, additional, Gureje, Oye, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Huang, Yueqin, additional, Karam, Elie G., additional, Kawakami, Norito, additional, Lee, Sing, additional, Lepine, Jean-Pierre, additional, Levinson, Daphna, additional, Navarro-Mateu, Fernando, additional, Pennell, Beth-Ellen, additional, Piazza, Marina, additional, Posada-Villa, José, additional, Scott, Kate M., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Ten Have, Margreet, additional, Torres, Yolanda, additional, Viana, Maria Carmen, additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Zaslavsky, Alan M., additional, and Koenen, Karestan C., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Sexual Assault Victimization and Mental Health Treatment, Suicide Attempts, and Career Outcomes Among Women in the US Army
- Author
-
Rosellini, Anthony J., primary, Street, Amy E., additional, Ursano, Robert J., additional, Chiu, Wai Tat, additional, Heeringa, Steven G., additional, Monahan, John, additional, Naifeh, James A., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Reis, Ben Y., additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Bliese, Paul D., additional, Stein, Murray B., additional, Zaslavsky, Alan M., additional, and Kessler, Ronald C., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Health care contact and suicide risk documentation prior to suicide death: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS).
- Author
-
Ribeiro, Jessica D., primary, Gutierrez, Peter M., additional, Joiner, Thomas E., additional, Kessler, Ronald C., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Stein, Murray B., additional, Ursano, Robert J., additional, and Nock, Matthew K., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Predicting U.S. Army suicides after hospitalizations with psychiatric diagnoses in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)
- Author
-
Kessler, Ronald C., Warner, LTC Christopher H., Ivany, LTC Christopher, Petukhova, Maria V., Rose, Sherri, Bromet, Evelyn J., Brown, LTC Millard, Cai, Tianxi, Colpe, Lisa J., Cox, Kenneth L., Fullerton, Carol S., Gilman, Stephen E., Gruber, Michael J., Heeringa, Steven G., Lewandowski-Romps, Lisa, Li, Junlong, Millikan-Bell, Amy M., Naifeh, James A., Nock, Matthew K., Rosellini, Anthony J., Sampson, Nancy A., Schoenbaum, Michael, Stein, Murray B., Wessely, Simon, Zaslavsky, Alan M., and Ursano, Robert J.
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Risk ,Suicide Prevention ,Psychopathology ,Mental Disorders ,Aftercare ,Resilience, Psychological ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,Patient Discharge ,United States ,Suicide ,Military Personnel ,Sex Factors ,ROC Curve ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Humans ,Female ,Algorithms ,Needs Assessment ,Demography - Abstract
The US Army experienced a sharp increase in soldier suicides beginning in 2004. Administrative data reveal that among those at highest risk are soldiers in the 12 months after inpatient treatment of a psychiatric disorder.To develop an actuarial risk algorithm predicting suicide in the 12 months after US Army soldier inpatient treatment of a psychiatric disorder to target expanded posthospitalization care.There were 53,769 hospitalizations of active duty soldiers from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2009, with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification psychiatric admission diagnoses. Administrative data available before hospital discharge abstracted from a wide range of data systems (sociodemographic, US Army career, criminal justice, and medical or pharmacy) were used to predict suicides in the subsequent 12 months using machine learning methods (regression trees and penalized regressions) designed to evaluate cross-validated linear, nonlinear, and interactive predictive associations.Suicides of soldiers hospitalized with psychiatric disorders in the 12 months after hospital discharge.Sixty-eight soldiers died by suicide within 12 months of hospital discharge (12.0% of all US Army suicides), equivalent to 263.9 suicides per 100,000 person-years compared with 18.5 suicides per 100,000 person-years in the total US Army. The strongest predictors included sociodemographics (male sex [odds ratio (OR), 7.9; 95% CI, 1.9-32.6] and late age of enlistment [OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.5]), criminal offenses (verbal violence [OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.0] and weapons possession [OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.7-18.3]), prior suicidality [OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.7-4.9], aspects of prior psychiatric inpatient and outpatient treatment (eg, number of antidepressant prescriptions filled in the past 12 months [OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7]), and disorders diagnosed during the focal hospitalizations (eg, nonaffective psychosis [OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-7.0]). A total of 52.9% of posthospitalization suicides occurred after the 5% of hospitalizations with highest predicted suicide risk (3824.1 suicides per 100,000 person-years). These highest-risk hospitalizations also accounted for significantly elevated proportions of several other adverse posthospitalization outcomes (unintentional injury deaths, suicide attempts, and subsequent hospitalizations).The high concentration of risk of suicide and other adverse outcomes might justify targeting expanded posthospitalization interventions to soldiers classified as having highest posthospitalization suicide risk, although final determination requires careful consideration of intervention costs, comparative effectiveness, and possible adverse effects.
- Published
- 2015
33. Developing a Risk Model to Target High-Risk Preventive Interventions for Sexual Assault Victimization Among Female U.S. Army Soldiers
- Author
-
Street, Amy E., primary, Rosellini, Anthony J., additional, Ursano, Robert J., additional, Heeringa, Steven G., additional, Hill, Eric D., additional, Monahan, John, additional, Naifeh, James A., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Reis, Ben Y., additional, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Bliese, Paul D., additional, Stein, Murray B., additional, Zaslavsky, Alan M., additional, and Kessler, Ronald C., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Guns, Impulsive Angry Behavior, and Mental Disorders: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)
- Author
-
Swanson, Jeffrey W., primary, Sampson, Nancy A., additional, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Zaslavsky, Alan M., additional, Appelbaum, Paul S., additional, Swartz, Marvin S., additional, and Kessler, Ronald C., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Association of DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Traumatic Experience Type and History in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.
- Author
-
Howard Liu, Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio, Alonso, Jordi, Andrade, Laura Helena, Bromet, Evelyn J., de Girolamo, Giovanni, Haro, Josep Maria, Hinkov, Hristo, Norito Kawakami, Koenen, Karestan C., Kovess-Masfety, Viviane, Sing Lee, Medina-Mora, Maria Elena, Navarro-Mateu, Fernando, O'Neill, Siobhan, Piazza, Marina, Posada-Villa, José, and Scott, Kate M.
- Subjects
POST-traumatic stress disorder ,EMOTIONAL trauma ,VIOLENCE & psychology ,SEXUAL assault ,PSYCHOLOGY ,LIFE change events ,CLASSIFICATION of mental disorders ,RESEARCH funding ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,SURVEYS ,ETHNOLOGY research ,CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Importance: Previous research has documented significant variation in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) depending on the type of traumatic experience (TE) and history of TE exposure, but the relatively small sample sizes in these studies resulted in a number of unresolved basic questions.Objective: To examine disaggregated associations of type of TE history with PTSD in a large cross-national community epidemiologic data set.Design, Setting, and Participants: The World Health Organization World Mental Health surveys assessed 29 TE types (lifetime exposure, age at first exposure) with DSM-IV PTSD that was associated with 1 randomly selected TE exposure (the random TE) for each respondent. Surveys were administered in 20 countries (n = 34 676 respondents) from 2001 to 2012. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2015, to September 1, 2016.Main Outcomes and Measures: Prevalence of PTSD assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.Results: Among the 34 676 respondents (55.4% [SE, 0.6%] men and 44.6% [SE, 0.6%] women; mean [SE] age, 43.7 [0.2] years), lifetime TE exposure was reported by a weighted 70.3% of respondents (mean [SE] number of exposures, 4.5 [0.04] among respondents with any TE). Weighted (by TE frequency) prevalence of PTSD associated with random TEs was 4.0%. Odds ratios (ORs) of PTSD were elevated for TEs involving sexual violence (2.7; 95% CI, 2.0-3.8) and witnessing atrocities (4.2; 95% CI, 1.0-17.8). Prior exposure to some, but not all, same-type TEs was associated with increased vulnerability (eg, physical assault; OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-7.9) or resilience (eg, participation in sectarian violence; OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9) to PTSD after the random TE. The finding of earlier studies that more general history of TE exposure was associated with increased vulnerability to PTSD across the full range of random TE types was replicated, but this generalized vulnerability was limited to prior TEs involving violence, including participation in organized violence (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.6), experience of physical violence (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7), rape (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-3.8), and other sexual assault (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3).Conclusion and Relevance: The World Mental Health survey findings advance understanding of the extent to which PTSD risk varies with the type of TE and history of TE exposure. Previous findings about the elevated PTSD risk associated with TEs involving assaultive violence was refined by showing agreement only for repeated occurrences. Some types of prior TE exposures are associated with increased resilience rather than increased vulnerability, connecting the literature on TE history with the literature on resilience after adversity. These results are valuable in providing an empirical rationale for more focused investigations of these specifications in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Disability and Treatment of Specific Mental and Physical Disorders
- Author
-
Ormel, Johan, primary, Petukhova, Maria V., additional, Von Korff, Michael R., additional, and Kessler, Ronald C., additional
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The associations of earlier trauma exposures and history of mental disorders with PTSD after subsequent traumas
- Author
-
Kessler, Ronald C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio, Alonso, Jordi, Bromet, Evelyn J., Gureje, Oye, Karam, Elie G., Koenen, Karestan C., Lee, Sing, Liu, Howard, Pennell, Beth-Ellen, Petukhova, Maria V., Sampson, Nancy A., Shahly, Victoria L., Stein, Dan J., Atwoli, Lukoye, Borges, Guilherme, Bunting, Brendan, de Girolamo, Giovanni, Gluzman, Semyon, Haro, Josep Maria, Hinkov, Hristo, Kawakami, Norito, Kovess-Masfety, Viviane, Navarro-Mateu, Fernando, Posada-Villa, Jose, Scott, Kate M., Shalev, Arieh Y., Have, Margreet ten, Torres, Yolanda, Viana, Maria Carmen, and Zaslavsky, Alan M.
- Abstract
Although earlier trauma exposure is known to predict post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after subsequent traumas, it is unclear if this association is limited to cases where the earlier trauma led to PTSD. Resolution of this uncertainty has important implications for research on pre-trauma vulnerability to PTSD. We examined this issue in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys with 34,676 respondents who reported lifetime trauma exposure. One lifetime trauma was selected randomly for each respondent. DSM-IV PTSD due to that trauma was assessed. We reported in a previous paper that four earlier traumas involving interpersonal violence significantly predicted PTSD after subsequent random traumas (OR=1.3–2.5). We also assessed 14 lifetime DSM-IV mood, anxiety, disruptive behavior, and substance disorders prior to random traumas. We show in the current report that only prior anxiety disorders significantly predicted PTSD in a multivariate model (OR=1.5–4.3) and that these disorders interacted significantly with three of the earlier traumas (witnessing atrocities, physical violence victimization, rape). History of witnessing atrocities significantly predicted PTSD after subsequent random traumas only among respondents with prior PTSD (OR=5.6). Histories of physical violence victimization (OR=1.5) and rape after age 17 (OR=17.6) significantly predicted only among respondents with no history of prior anxiety disorders. Although only preliminary due to reliance on retrospective reports, these results suggest that history of anxiety disorders and history of a limited number of earlier traumas might usefully be targeted in future prospective studies as distinct foci of research on individual differences in vulnerability to PTSD after subsequent traumas.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Testing a machine-learning algorithm to predict the persistence and severity of major depressive disorder from baseline self-reports
- Author
-
Kessler, Ronald C., van Loo, Hanna M., Wardenaar, Klaas J., Bossarte, Robert M., Brenner, Lisa A., Cai, Tianxi, Ebert, David Daniel, Hwang, Irving, Li, Junlong, de Jonge, Peter, Nierenberg, Andrew A., Petukhova, Maria V., Rosellini, Anthony J., Sampson, Nancy A., Schoevers, Robert A., Wilcox, Marsha A., and Zaslavsky, Alan M.
- Abstract
Heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) illness course complicates clinical decision-making. While efforts to use symptom profiles or biomarkers to develop clinically useful prognostic subtypes have had limited success, a recent report showed that machine learning (ML) models developed from self-reports about incident episode characteristics and comorbidities among respondents with lifetime MDD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys predicted MDD persistence, chronicity, and severity with good accuracy. We report results of model validation in an independent prospective national household sample of 1,056 respondents with lifetime MDD at baseline. The WMH ML models were applied to these baseline data to generate predicted outcome scores that were compared to observed scores assessed 10–12 years after baseline. ML model prediction accuracy was also compared to that of conventional logistic regression models. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) based on ML (.63 for high chronicity and .71–.76 for the other prospective outcomes) was consistently higher than for the logistic models (.62–.70) despite the latter models including more predictors. 34.6–38.1% of respondents with subsequent high persistence-chronicity and 40.8–55.8% with the severity indicators were in the top 20% of the baseline ML predicted risk distribution, while only 0.9% of respondents with subsequent hospitalizations and 1.5% with suicide attempts were in the lowest 20% of the ML predicted risk distribution. These results confirm that clinically useful MDD risk stratification models can be generated from baseline patient self-reports and that ML methods improve on conventional methods in developing such models.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Prior sleep problems and adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae of motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study
- Author
-
Neylan, Thomas C, Kessler, Ronald C, Ressler, Kerry J, Clifford, Gari, Beaudoin, Francesca L, An, Xinming, Stevens, Jennifer S, Zeng, Donglin, Linnstaedt, Sarah D, Germine, Laura T, Sheikh, Sophia, Storrow, Alan B, Punches, Brittany E, Mohiuddin, Kamran, Gentile, Nina T, McGrath, Meghan E, van Rooij, Sanne J H, Haran, John P, Peak, David A, Domeier, Robert M, Pearson, Claire, Sanchez, Leon D, Rathlev, Niels K, Peacock, William F, Bruce, Steven E, Joormann, Jutta, Barch, Deanna M, Pizzagalli, Diego A, Sheridan, John F, Harte, Steven E, Elliott, James M, Hwang, Irving, Petukhova, Maria V, Sampson, Nancy A, Koenen, Karestan C, and McLean, Samuel A
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Mental disorder comorbidity and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys International College Student initiative.
- Author
-
Auerbach, Randy P., Mortier, Philippe, Bruffaerts, Ronny, Alonso, Jordi, Benjet, Corina, Cuijpers, Pim, Demyttenaere, Koen, Ebert, David D., Green, Jennifer Greif, Hasking, Penelope, Lee, Sue, Lochner, Christine, McLafferty, Margaret, Nock, Matthew K., Petukhova, Maria V., Pinder‐Amaker, Stephanie, Rosellini, Anthony J., Sampson, Nancy A., Vilagut, Gemma, and Zaslavsky, Alan M.
- Subjects
MENTAL health surveys ,SUICIDE victims ,MENTAL illness ,SUICIDAL ideation ,HEALTH behavior ,SUBSTANCE-induced disorders - Abstract
Objectives: Comorbidity is a common feature of mental disorders. However, needs assessment surveys focus largely on individual disorders rather than on comorbidity even though the latter is more important for predicting suicidal thoughts and behaviors. In the current report, we take a step beyond this conventional approach by presenting data on the prevalence and correlates (sociodemographic factors, college‐related factors, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors) of the main multivariate profiles of common comorbid Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)‐IV disorders among students participating in the first phase of the World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student initiative. Method: A web‐based mental health survey was administered to first year students in 19 colleges across eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, Mexico, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Spain, United States; 45.5% pooled response rate) to screen for seven common DSM‐IV mental disorders: major depression, mania/hypomania, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, alcohol use disorder, and drug use disorder. We focus on the 14,348 respondents who provided complete data; 38.4% screened positive for at least one 12‐month disorder. Results: Multivariate disorder profiles were detected using latent class analysis (LCA). The least common class (C1; 1.9% of students) was made up of students with high comorbidity (four or more disorders, the majority including mania/hypomania). The remaining 12‐month cases had profiles of internalizing–externalizing comorbidity (C2; 5.8%), internalizing comorbidity (C3; 14.6%), and pure disorders (C4; 16.1%). The 1.9% of students in C1 had much higher prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors than other students. Specifically, 15.4% of students in C1 made a suicide attempt in the 12 months before the survey compared with 1.3–2.6% of students with disorders in C2–4, 0.2% of students with lifetime disorders but no 12‐month disorders (C5), and 0.1% of students with no lifetime disorders (C6). Conclusions: In line with prior research, comorbid mental disorders were common; however, sociodemographic correlates of LCA profiles were modest. The high level of comorbidity underscores the need to develop and test transdiagnostic approaches for treatment in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Predicting Suicides Among US Army Soldiers After Leaving Active Service.
- Author
-
Kennedy CJ, Kearns JC, Geraci JC, Gildea SM, Hwang IH, King AJ, Liu H, Luedtke A, Marx BP, Papini S, Petukhova MV, Sampson NA, Smoller JW, Wolock CJ, Zainal NH, Stein MB, Ursano RJ, Wagner JR, and Kessler RC
- Abstract
Importance: The suicide rate of military servicemembers increases sharply after returning to civilian life. Identifying high-risk servicemembers before they leave service could help target preventive interventions., Objective: To develop a model based on administrative data for regular US Army soldiers that can predict suicides 1 to 120 months after leaving active service., Design, Setting, and Participants: In this prognostic study, a consolidated administrative database was created for all regular US Army soldiers who left service from 2010 through 2019. Machine learning models were trained to predict suicides over the next 1 to 120 months in a random 70% training sample. Validation was implemented in the remaining 30%. Data were analyzed from March 2023 through March 2024., Main Outcome and Measures: The outcome was suicide in the National Death Index. Predictors came from administrative records available before leaving service on sociodemographics, Army career characteristics, psychopathologic risk factors, indicators of physical health, social networks and supports, and stressors., Results: Of the 800 579 soldiers in the cohort (84.9% male; median [IQR] age at discharge, 26 [23-33] years), 2084 suicides had occurred as of December 31, 2019 (51.6 per 100 000 person-years). A lasso model assuming consistent slopes over time discriminated as well over all but the shortest risk horizons as more complex stacked generalization ensemble machine learning models. Test sample area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.87 (SE = 0.06) for suicides in the first month after leaving service to 0.72 (SE = 0.003) for suicides over 120 months. The 10% of soldiers with highest predicted risk accounted for between 30.7% (SE = 1.8) and 46.6% (SE = 6.6) of all suicides across horizons. Calibration was for the most part better for the lasso model than the super learner model (both estimated over 120-month horizons.) Net benefit of a model-informed prevention strategy was positive compared with intervene-with-all or intervene-with-none strategies over a range of plausible intervention thresholds. Sociodemographics, Army career characteristics, and psychopathologic risk factors were the most important classes of predictors., Conclusions and Relevance: These results demonstrated that a model based on administrative variables available at the time of leaving active Army service can predict suicides with meaningful accuracy over the subsequent decade. However, final determination of cost-effectiveness would require information beyond the scope of this report about intervention content, costs, and effects over relevant horizons in relation to the monetary value placed on preventing suicides.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Findings From the World Mental Health Surveys of Civil Violence Exposure and Its Association With Subsequent Onset and Persistence of Mental Disorders.
- Author
-
Axinn WG, Bruffaerts R, Kessler TL, Frounfelker R, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Bunting B, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, Cardoso G, Chardoul S, Chiu WT, Cía A, Gureje O, Karam EG, Kovess-Masfety V, Petukhova MV, Piazza M, Posada-Villa J, Sampson NA, Scott KM, Stagnaro JC, Stein DJ, Torres Y, Williams DR, and Kessler RC
- Subjects
- Adult, Male, Humans, Adolescent, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Retrospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Surveys, Nigeria, Exposure to Violence psychology, Mental Disorders therapy
- Abstract
Importance: Understanding the association of civil violence with mental disorders is important for developing effective postconflict recovery policies., Objective: To estimate the association between exposure to civil violence and the subsequent onset and persistence of common mental disorders (in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition [DSM-IV]) in representative surveys of civilians from countries that have experienced civil violence since World War II., Design, Setting, and Participants: This study used data from cross-sectional World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) surveys administered to households between February 5, 2001, and January 5, 2022, in 7 countries that experienced periods of civil violence after World War II (Argentina, Colombia, Lebanon, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, Peru, and South Africa). Data from respondents in other WMH surveys who immigrated from countries with civil violence in Africa and Latin America were also included. Representative samples comprised adults (aged ≥18 years) from eligible countries. Data analysis was performed from February 10 to 13, 2023., Exposures: Exposure was defined as a self-report of having been a civilian in a war zone or region of terror. Related stressors (being displaced, witnessing atrocities, or being a combatant) were also assessed. Exposures occurred a median of 21 (IQR, 12-30) years before the interview., Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was the retrospectively reported lifetime prevalence and 12-month persistence (estimated by calculating 12-month prevalence among lifetime cases) of DSM-IV anxiety, mood, and externalizing (alcohol use, illicit drug use, or intermittent explosive) disorders., Results: This study included 18 212 respondents from 7 countries. Of these individuals, 2096 reported that they were exposed to civil violence (56.5% were men; median age, 40 [IQR, 30-52] years) and 16 116 were not exposed (45.2% were men; median age, 35 [IQR, 26-48] years). Respondents who reported being exposed to civil violence had a significantly elevated onset risk of anxiety (risk ratio [RR], 1.8 [95% CI, 1.5-2.1]), mood (RR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.3-1.7]), and externalizing (RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.3-1.9]) disorders. Combatants additionally had a significantly elevated onset risk of anxiety disorders (RR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.3-3.1]) and refugees had an increased onset risk of mood (RR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1-2.0]) and externalizing (RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.0-2.4]) disorders. Elevated disorder onset risks persisted for more than 2 decades if conflicts persisted but not after either termination of hostilities or emigration. Persistence (ie, 12-month prevalence among respondents with lifetime prevalence of the disorder), in comparison, was generally not associated with exposure., Conclusions: In this survey study of exposure to civil violence, exposure was associated with an elevated risk of mental disorders among civilians for many years after initial exposure. These findings suggest that policy makers should recognize these associations when projecting future mental disorder treatment needs in countries experiencing civil violence and among affected migrants.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.