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The article identifies the prerequisites for the formation of information and logistic support for oil transport enterprises while leveling threats to their stable functioning, analyzes the updated requirements and prospects for regulating macro- and microeconomic factors. The authors consider their mutual complementation based on the flow nature and the possibility (need) to be updated within certain time limits and functional spaces. It is proved that enterprises can more effectively determine the spatial stages of interaction with partners, reduce the time of information and logistic content in decision-making and implement new functional strategies that reflect the current phase of the life cycle. It is proposed to combine the approaches to the formation of support used in an adaptive combination, since changes in the conditions of the enterprise's activity require significant modifications of the original system of processes. This will help to avoid duplication, overlap and inability to link processes, which contributes to the maximum sharing and reuse of processes. The current trends in the functioning of oil transport enterprises as a supporting component of the country's economic development are studied and the relevant market is analyzed. The study of the infrastructure of oil transport companies is conducted, and it is noted that the main goal is to increase the volume of oil products transportation through main oil pipelines to ensure domestic consumption and transit to European markets. An additional strategic goal is to diversify sources and routes of oil supply to enhance Ukraine's energy security. Another important task is to maintain high standards of service quality and uninterrupted transportation, which requires careful maintenance and improvement of the infrastructure. Approaches to improving the early diagnosis systems of oil transport enterprises through macro- and micro-chains are developed, and key stages are identified for each of them, which become the basis for the formation of normative and logistic support. It is proved that transportation and return to the micro-chain are conditioned by the specifics of the scale and volume characteristic of this area of activity. Each link of the production process corresponds to a specific function aimed at ensuring optimal efficiency within the micro-supply chain.

In present work the properties of iron-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) films with reduced to 50 mass% indium oxide content prepared by co-sputtering of ITO and Fe2O3 targets and ITO and Fe3O4 targets in mixed argon–oxygen atmosphere were studied by various methods. The influence of different working gas flow rates, RF power of iron oxide targets, type of doping oxide and heat treatment temperatures on the electrical, optical, structural, and morphological properties of the films was characterized by means of four-point probe method, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The housing market is a key component of any economy and the economic activity in general. With use of a sound socio-economic policy, it can be used as an engine of economic growth. Funding the housing market is an investment project per se. In the context of this issue, a study on the efficiency of investment in the housing market by public authorities, on the one hand, and private enterprises on the other, as well as the impact of such activities of each of the subjects on the market and society as a whole, is relevant. The research is aimed at analyzing the legal norms and methods of regulating UK housing relations from the 2nd half of the 19th century to the end of the 20th century through public and private investment, determining the efficiency of these investment subjects and their impact on the housing market. The basic legal rules for regulating UK housing relations from the 2nd half of the 19th century to the end of the 20th century are analyzed. It is determined that the expansion of government intervention and, subsequently, the direct exercise of the State’s investor functions in the housing market was related to the need to ensure public health and assist the poorest. The methods of government intervention (setting norms, standards, taxation, price and interest rate regulation, etc.) and their impact on the status of the housing market are highlighted. Data on the number of residential units created by sources of funding are presented and analyzed. Attention is drawn to the social problems that have become the catalyst for interventionist policies. The main problems and shortcomings of public housing investment are disclosed, in particular: construction of an inefficient bureaucratic system, its tendency towards self-expansion; institutional failure to acknowledge flops; lack of dialogue between local governments and municipal housing buyers, unlike the private sector, which has the ability to respond to the circumstances of objective reality, acknowledge shortcomings and eliminate them.

Ensuring the high monetary-credit security of Ukraine is a topical issue today, because it affects the level of development of the State as a whole and the individual economic entities in particular. The article is aimed at carrying out an evaluation of the level of monetary-credit security of Ukraine for the time period of 2013–2017, analyzing the main problems in this sphere, and searching for ways to solve them. The evaluation showed that Ukraine in recent years had too low monetary-credit security values (unsatisfactory and dangerous level). The analysis of the main and proposed additional indicators of the monetary-credit security showed that Ukraine has a number of shortcomings in this sphere. Therefore, today there is an urgent need to introduce measures that would eliminate deficiencies in the monetary sphere of Ukraine, and to develop a strategy for development of the monetary-credit market of our country. Priority tasks should be: finding a way out of the «shadow» regarding the economy of Ukraine; stopping the global outflow of capital from the country and directing it to the national economic development; conduction of a weighted monetary policy by the NBU; implementation of a set of measures aimed at stabilizing the monetary-credit security of Ukraine. Accomplishing of such measures will increase the level of monetary-credit security only with full support at all levels of governance.

In the present work, the properties of iron-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) films with reduced to 50 mass% indium oxide (In2O3) content prepared by co-sputtering of ITO and Fe3O4 targets in the mixed argon-oxygen atmosphere were studied by various methods such as four-point probe method, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and dynamic force microscopy. The influence of different working gas flow rates and heat treatment temperatures on the electrical, optical, structural, and morphological properties of the films was characterized. Iron doping resulted in increasing optical transmittance of ITO thin films. It has been found that films sputtered onto preheated substrites under optimum conditions showed values of volume resistivity 1480 mXcm that is much lower than that of ITO50:Fe3O4 films sputtered onto unheated substrates and average optical transmittance in the visible range over 85%. It has been revealed that iron-doped ITO thin films deposited under optimum conditions have low root mean square height (Sq) 0.67 nm and arithmetical mean height (Sa) 0.52 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon nano- and microparticles obtained using electric-spark dispersion of silicon electrodes and granules in 40 wt% solution of methyl alcohol in water were investigated by ultrasoft X-ray emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. In addition, the SiLα spectra of obtained silicon particles were modeled by superimposing the spectra of pure silicon and silicon oxide taken in certain weight ratios. It was found that the surfaces of Si nano- and microparticles obtained in 40 wt% solution of methyl alcohol in water are covered with silicon oxide and chemisorbents, while the core consists of crystalline silicon with a cubic face-centered lattice. The silicon nano- and microparticles show potential as an anode material to replace commonly used graphite electrodes. The charge capacity of the electrode based on mixture of Si nano- and microparticles with graphite powder was about 1272 mAh/g after ten cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilayer iron-doped indium-saving indiumtin oxide (ML ITO50:Fe2O3) thin films with high conductivity and high transmittance in the visible spectrum have been fabricated by sputtering method. Structures consisting of very thin layer of conventional indium tin oxide (90 mass% In2O310 mass% SnO2) and iron-doped indium-saving indiumtin oxide layer with reduced content of In2O3 (ITO50:Fe2O3) to 50 mass% are discussed. By optimizing oxygen flow rate in iron-doped indium-saving indiumtin oxide layer, the lowest volume resistivity of 3.78 × 10-4·cm, mobility of 29.8cm2/(V·s), carrier concentration of 4.60 × 1020 cm-3 and transmittance larger than 90% in the visible range have been achieved. ML ITO50:Fe2O3 thin films deposited under optimal conditions demonstrated lower volume resistivity and higher transmittance than undoped multilayer indium-saving ITO thin films and iron-doped single-layer thin films obtained under the same oxygen flow rate Q(O2) = 0.1 sccm. ML ITO50:Fe2O3 thin films demonstrated optimal parameters at the lower oxygen flow rate (Q(O2) = 0.1 sccm) than undoped ML ITO50 thin films. ML ITO50:Fe2O3 thin films are crystallized and show In4Sn3O12 structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific paper is devoted to the use of process factors of the functioning of trading enterprises in order to ensure their system security. The paper proposes a managerial algorithm for introducing the practice of standardization and certification in ensuring the safety of trade enterprises. It also proposes to introduce a process approach in the field of quality management and a process-logistic approach, which assesses the quality of the stages of the implementation of the trading processes in the enterprise. The paper proposes the calculation criteria and evaluation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow graphitic carbon nanoparticles (HGCNs) obtained by catalytic graphitization of acetylene carbon black (ACB) were investigated using ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The electronic structures of the ACB HGCNs were compared with those of HGCNs obtained from iron carbide-filled carbon nanocapsules (Fe3C@CNCs) and Q-graphenes. The occupation of the π sub-band decreased in the following sequence: Fe3C@CNC HGCNs > ACB HGCNs > Q-graphenes. This sequence can be explained by changes in the occupations of the C2p states due to the formation of bonds between carbon and residual metal atoms within the HGCNs. It was also found that the contribution of the overlapping ofppπ+ppσ-states in the ACB HGCN walls toward the spectra of the HGNCs was greater in comparison with the reference Q-graphenes. It was established that ACB was not fully transformed into the HGCNs. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods were used to study the spatial structures and morphologies of the fabricated HGCNs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents the ideas of Janusz Korczak and problems of education in Ukraine. Relevance of the pedagogical ideas of Korczak; Decline of morality in the form of total indifference and irresponsibility; Effects of mercantilism to economic, social and moral of the children.

Tl 2 HgGeSe 4 crystal was successfully, for the first time, synthesized by the Bridgman-Stockbarger technology, and its electronic structure and peculiarities of optical constants were investigated using both experimental and theoretical techniques. The present X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that the Tl 2 HgGeSe 4 crystal reveals small moisture sensitivity at ambient conditions and that the essential covalent constituent of the chemical bonding characterizes it. The latter suggestion was supported theoretically by ab initio calculations. The present experiments feature that the Tl 2 HgGeSe 4 crystal is a high-resistance semiconductor with a specific electrical conductivity of σ ∼ 10 -8 Ω -1 cm -1 (at 300 K). The crystal is characterized by p-type electroconductivity with an indirect energy band gap of 1.28 eV at room temperature. It was established that a good agreement with the experiments could be obtained when performing first-principles calculations using the modified Becke-Johnson functional as refined by Tran-Blaha with additional involvement in the calculating procedure of the Hubbard amendment parameter U and the impact of spin-orbit coupling (TB-mBJ + U + SO model). Under such a theoretical model, we have determined that the energy band gap of the Tl 2 HgGeSe 4 crystal is equal to 1.114 eV, and this band gap is indirect in nature. The optical constants of Tl 2 HgGeSe 4 are calculated based on the TB-mBJ + U + SO model.

Investigations of the electronic structure of graphene nanosheets synthesized by the reduction of oxidized graphene nanosheets were carried out using ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (USXES). Oxidized graphene nanosheets were produced from carbon nanofiber starting material using a modified Hummers method. X-ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy investigations were used in addition to USXES to study the electronic structure evolution from carbon nanofibers to graphene nanosheets. The effect of the degree of corrugation of the graphene nanosheets on the fine structure of the CK(alpha)-emission bands was revealed by USXES. It was found that corrugation of the graphene nanosheets is caused by overlapping of the pi-orbitals and formation of mixed (sigma + pi)-states.