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Currently, serological tests are used in the diagnosis of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE), but a more accurate diagnosis of the disease requires the most reliable modern methods of immunodiagnosis. This is important for timely diagnosis and prevention of this disease, especially in commercial production of goat milk. At the present stage, the practice of infectious diseases immunodiagnosis in animals includes the determination of cytokines 6 and 10. The discovered cytokines allow for a different view on the infectious disease pathogenesis, while the previously used diagnostic methods are not excluded from the veterinary practice. At present, during the restoration and renewal of the goat population, new breeds purchased in foreign countries have appeared, and with them have come new diseases not previously prevalent in the Russian Federation. Therefore, practicing veterinarians need to develop the most effective immunodiagnostic tests for these diseases and work out effective control and prevention methods, as well as to be able to assess the risks of new infections or mixt infections. Immunophenotyping is performed in various infectious animal diseases, and immunological monitoring is also possible.

Goat breeding products (especially dairy products) are of great importance in human dietetic nutrition. In this connection the studies into infectious diseases and maintaining of well-being in terms of especially dangerous and social infections of animals on the territory of Russia are essential. Epizootological monitoring of caprine arthritis-encephalitis in the Russian Federation has shown that the central regions, including the Urals region, are unfavourable for this disease. Diagnostic tests for caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) are understudied, and there are insufficient data on treatment and prevention, for this reason, the topic of CAE studies is highly relevant and of key importance for clarifying the identification of the causative agent and blood changes in biochemical and haematological tests, when clinical signs of infection are present.

Bovine respiratory infections occupy the second place in the nosological picture after diseases of the digestive system and cause huge economic damage, which in the Russian Federation, according to our estimates, amounts to several billion rubles a year. Very often, respiratory pathologies in highly productive cows are complicated by wound infections of the distal extremities, which primarily include necrobacteriosis, streptococcosis and staphylococcosis, which also bring economic losses to farms due to reduced animal productivity and culling of highly productive cows.The primary causecontributing to the development of wound infections of the distal extremities in cattle is respiratory infections. According to our long-term observations, all farms where outbreaks of necrobacteriosis were recorded were unfavorable for bovine respiratory infections, such as infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT), viral diarrhea(VD), parainfluenza type 3 (PG-3) and respiratory syncytial infection (RSI). Comprehensive prevention of wound infectionsof the dental extremities of cattle (cattle) should include mandatory prevention of respiratory infections. For complex prevention of mixed infection, we proposed the use of an ECHO (electrochemically activated) solution of neutral anolyte (ANK+) in the form of a fine aerosol in combination with the use of a plant-tissue preparation “Vidoral”, (Patent RU 2,625,022 C2 dated 11.07.2017, copyright holder of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education of the UralState Agrarian University ) with immunomodulatory properties.

Today translation experts agree that a translation teacher should be a practicing translator, aware of modern translation studies, having methodological knowledge and pedagogical skills, including the knowledge of translation didactics. A survey shows that in Russian universities there are practically no teachers with a degree in translation or those who have completed a specialized professional retraining program as a translation teacher. Thus, none of them has the full range of competences required to prepare translators who fully meet the requirements of the current translation industry. To change this situation, it is necessary to develop and implement special programs that allow translation teachers to supplement their education. These programs can be implemented in two formats. Firstly, there can be two different master’s degree programs: for those with a bachelor’s degree in translation and those with a bachelor’s degree in foreign language teaching. The program for the former should include more psychological and pedagogical disciplines, while the program for the latter should focus on translation. Secondly, it can be long-term courses of specialized professional retraining for translation teachers with two different sets of disciplines depending on their degree. Within the above-mentioned programs, special attention should be paid to the course of translation didactics.

Over the past 20 years, root cause analysis (RCA) has become one of the most widely used retrospective methods for detecting safety hazards in medicine and healthcare. Despite its wide use in management practice and growing popularity in academic research, there is currently a dearth of coverage of RCA in popular healthcare management textbooks and pedagogical publications. This paper addresses this gap by presenting innovative instructional materials and recommendations for teaching RCA in healthcare management. Using an episode of "Grey's Anatomy" TV show, this experiential learning exercise takes students through the steps of RCA and makes use of a range of RCA tools, including high-level flowchart, fishbone diagram, "five whys", corrective action plan, and others. The exercise, which was classroom tested and received positive student feedback, can be adapted to a range of healthcare management classes. Because RCA can have widespread, lifesaving consequences, healthcare management courses can significantly benefit from integrating this exercise into classroom pedagogies.

The article is devoted to determination of roof bolt parameters in coal mine excavations when there is rather high tectonic stress. The work was complicated by the presence of considerable number of fractures in the adjacent rock of seam V-12 in “Severnaya” mine (JSC “Urgalugol”) as well as variable stress field, low roof rock strength and heterogeneity, considerable rock shift during excavations development and maintenance. The article presents the results of horizontal and vertical stress measurements in the rock mass, physical and mechanical properties, roof rock structure and fracturing. According to the results of boreholes study by means of borehole endoscope the authors fully confirmed the forecasted parameters of areas with roof rock discontinuity, the boundaries of unstable rock. The article presents the measurement results of roof rock shift during development face advance. Based on the research, recommendations on excavations development and proper support using were given under conditions of seam V-12 in “Severnaya” mine (JSC “Urgalugol”).

Snow avalanches, one of the most severe natural hazards in mountainous regions, pose significant risks to human lives, infrastructure, and ecosystems. As climate change accelerates shifts in snowfall and temperature patterns, it is increasingly important to improve our ability to monitor and predict avalanches. This review explores the use of remote sensing technologies in understanding key geomorphological, geobotanical, and meteorological factors that contribute to avalanche formation. The primary objective is to assess how remote sensing can enhance avalanche risk assessment and monitoring systems. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on studies published between 2010 and 2025. The analysis involved screening relevant studies on remote sensing, avalanche dynamics, and data processing techniques. Key data sources included satellite platforms such as Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, TerraSAR-X, and Landsat-8, combined with machine learning, data fusion, and change detection algorithms to process and interpret the data. The review found that remote sensing significantly improves avalanche monitoring by providing continuous, large-scale coverage of snowpack stability and terrain features. Optical and radar imagery enable the detection of crucial parameters like snow cover, slope, and vegetation that influence avalanche risks. However, challenges such as limitations in spatial and temporal resolution and real-time monitoring were identified. Emerging technologies, including microsatellites and hyperspectral imaging, offer potential solutions to these issues. The practical implications of these findings underscore the importance of integrating remote sensing data with ground-based observations for more robust avalanche forecasting. Enhanced real-time monitoring and data fusion techniques will improve disaster management, allowing for quicker response times and more effective policymaking to mitigate risks in avalanche-prone regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many phytopathogens' gene products that contribute to plant–pathogen interactions remain unexplored. In one of the most harmful phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba), phosphonate-related genes have been previously shown to be among the most upregulated following host plant colonization. However, phosphonates, compounds characterized by a carbon–phosphorus bond in their composition, have not been described in Pectobacterium species and other phytopathogenic bacteria, with the exception of Pseudomonas syringae and Pantoea ananatis. Our study aimed to determine whether Pba synthesizes extracellular phosphonates and, if so, to analyze their physiological functions. We demonstrated that Pba produces two types of extracellular phosphonates: 2-diethoxyphosphorylethanamine and phenylphosphonic acid. Notably, such structures have not been previously described among natural phosphonates. The production of Pba phosphonates was shown to be positively regulated by quorum sensing and in the presence of pectic compounds. Pba phosphonates were found to have a positive effect on Pba stress resistance and a negative effect on Pba virulence. The discovered Pba phosphonates are discussed as metabolites that enable Pba to control its "harmful properties", thereby maintaining its ecological niche (the host plant) in a relatively functional state for an extended period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cubic pyrochlore with the composition Bi1.865Co1/2Fe1/2Ta2O9+Δ (space group Fd-3m, a = 10.5013(8) Å) was synthesized from oxide precursors using solid-phase reactions. These ceramics are characterized by a porous microstructure formed by randomly oriented grains of an elongated shape with a longitudinal size of 0.5–1 µm. The electronic state of cobalt and iron ions in oxide ceramics was studied by NEXAFS and XPS spectroscopy. The parameters of the XPS spectra of Bi4f, Bi5d, Ta4f, Co2p, and Fe2p ionization thresholds for a complex pyrochlore were compared with the parameters of the corresponding oxides of the transition elements. The energy position of the XPS-Ta4f and -Ta5p spectra is shifted towards lower energies compared to the binding energy in tantalum(V) oxide by 0.75 eV. According to XPS spectroscopy, bismuth and tantalum cations have the corresponding effective charge of +3 and +(5-δ). The NEXAFS-Fe2p spectrum of ceramics coincides with the spectrum of Fe2O3 in its main spectrum characteristics and indicates the content of iron ions in the oxide ceramics in the form of octahedral Fe(III) ions, and according to the character of the Co2p spectrum, cobalt ions are predominantly in the Co(II) state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]