Search

The classic of muckraking journalism that exposed the inner workings of a Gilded Age business empire—with a new introduction by Elizabeth Catte. Cleveland oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Company of Ohio in 1870. Over the next four decades, he turned the business into a behemoth, systematically driving his competitors out of business or buying them outright. His vast fortune made him one of the nation's most powerful men. But his private empire was nearly undone by the tireless journalism of a single, determined woman, Ida Tarbell. Originally published in 1904, The History of the Standard Oil Company exposed Rockefeller's monopolistic tactics, eventually resulting in the company's dismantling in 1911. More than simply a monumental piece of reporting; it is a deft, engrossing portrait of business in America—both its virtues and excesses.

This book focuses on the advantageous features of membrane technology in petroleum industries, with an emphasis on membrane materials and the application of membranes in the separation of olefin–paraffin, oil–water, aliphatic–aromatics, heavy metals, etc., along with other applications like waste management, sulphur emission, enhanced oil recovery and so forth. It also discusses the design and development of membranes from novel materials, the challenges of new materials for membrane applications, membrane-based processes and the application of novel membrane-based processes in the petroleum industry.Features: Addresses the fundamental applications of membranes in petroleum industrial separation processes Highlights the role of membrane technology in waste management in petroleum industries Includes novel engineered membrane materials Discusses methods of extracting valuable substances from produced water and membrane fouling control Emphasises solving industrial problems pertinent to membrane usage This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in chemical and petroleum engineering and membrane technology.

The 1970s are widely seen as a turning point for the world economy and a transformative decade for the international order. This volume explores the role played by the oil crises in this transformation, focusing particularly on their impact in previously little-studied regions such as Asia and Africa. Examining the intersection between the oil crises and the Third World project, their impact on Asian economic development and the contrasting responses of two African countries, this collection covers new ground on the global and regional effects of the crises, and ties them into the key transformations of the international economy and the Cold War order. Arguing that they were instrumental in reshaping the Asian economies, helping to instigate the boom known as the'East Asian Miracle', it also demonstrates how the individual responses of countries reflected their own specific circumstances. With chapters from leading scholars such as David Painter and Dane Kennedy, this book shows how the origins, course and consequences of the oil crises of the 1970s are crucial to understanding the transformation of the international order in the late twentieth century.

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Disasters and Environmental Challenges provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries while also covering special solutions based on their types. This volume includes the effects of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes as well as manmade incidents including fire events, explosions and the release of dust and toxic substances on various related units and plants. In addition, the long-term side effects on both humans and the environment resulted from these industries are presented. Problems such as releasing wastes and venting gases into the environment and challenges from overusing the natural resources and producing noise pollutants are also discussed in detail. - Introduces the effects of natural disasters on the oil, gas and petrochemical industries - Describes the effect of manmade disasters on oil, gas and petrochemical industries - Discusses the long-term side effects of oil, gas and petrochemical units on humans and the environments

This book provides an overview of crude oil refining processes and presents a deep analysis of the current context and challenges imposed on players in the downstream industry. Crude Oil Refining: A Simplified Approach covers traditional processes of the refining industry, the impact of current trends, and technological routes available to help these players survive in a highly competitive environment.FEATURES Offers a simplified approach to crude oil refining processes Discusses economic information related to the downstream business, including refining margins and profitability Introduces newer trends in the industry, such as petrochemical integration, crude-to-chemicals refineries, and renewables coprocessing in crude oil refineries Presents the challenges related to these new trends and offers technological solutions to overcome them for profitable and sustainable operations Describes how the use of biofuels can minimize the environmental impact of transportation fuel in nations of high demand like Brazil Offering a contemporary view of current challenges and opportunities in the downstream oil and gas business, this practical book is aimed at readers working in the fields of petroleum and chemical engineering.

Die beiden „Ölschocks'von 1973/74 und 1979/80 waren nicht nur zentrale wirtschaftliche Ereignisse, sondern übten entscheidenden Einfluss auf die zeitgenössischen Debatten um eine grundlegende Reform, wenn nicht gar Revolution, der Weltwirtschaftsordnung aus. Das vorliegende Buch untersucht die Ölkrisen erstmals nicht allein mit Blick auf die Industriestaaten der nördlichen Hemisphäre, sondern fragt gleichberechtigt nach ihren Folgen für die Staaten des Globalen Südens. Die Studie argumentiert, dass die Ölkrisen der OPEC die notwendigen Machtmittel in die Hand gaben, um die Forderung nach einer Neuen Weltwirtschaftsordnung 1974 erfolgreich auf einen Spitzenplatz der internationalen Agenda zu setzen. Gleichzeitig führte die Belastung der Ökonomien zahlreicher „Entwicklungsländer'durch die massiven Ölpreissteigerungen jedoch mittelfristig zum Auseinanderbrechen der Solidarität der Dritten Welt und damit zum faktischen Ende des Reformprogramms in den frühen 1980er Jahren. Auf der Basis von Quellen aus Archiven in Afrika, Amerika, Asien und Europa ergänzt das Buch die existierenden auf Europa zentrierten Studien zur Geschichte der Nord-Süd-Beziehungen, der Ölkrisen und der 1970er Jahre im Allgemeinen.

“ An unknown and hitherto untold story of one of the true pioneers of the international oil industry.” William McGarvey was crowned the “ Petroleum King of Austria,” dubbed “ Europe's Rockefeller,” advised the British government in the great debate over converting its naval fleet to oil fuel in preparation for World War I. His story is one that links Canada, the US, Austro-Hungary, Russia, and Romania.Today, we are witnessing a global campaign to bring to an end King Oil's 150-year reign by shrinking the world's reliance on fossil fuels. Yet the story of the early years of how the petroleum world evolved remains wrapped in obscurity. Crude Genius fills in an important gap in that history.The story of William McGarvey covers just five decades. Yet in that period, McGarvey became a leader in the procurement of oil, and raised it from a primitive act to a sophisticated international business. He transformed the primitive practice of oil extraction into a science and a powerful technology. He drilled and refined oil, he manufactured equipment and built pipelines.He created a global vision and brought that vision from North America to the Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia - now part of Poland and Ukraine - and made it for a time the third largest oil producing jurisdiction in the world. He expanded his empire to Russia and Romania. McGarvey was among a handful of individuals responsible for bringing petroleum to the brink of ubiquity. The arrival of World War I in 1914 solidified its global omnipresence.Crude Genius is based upon two decades of research in six countries. Gary May has also collected a massive photo archive that visually documents his detailed research.This book reads like an adventure story, full of intriguing characters, stretching many decades, engaging in numerous plots and subplots, through many countries. Most of all, this book informs us how the son of an Irish immigrant to Canada put down roots in a very small industry and ho

The oil price increases of the 1970s left deep marks on the world economy. They led to a massive redistribution of income in favor of oil-producing countries, and caused serious disruption of growth, imbalances in foreign trade, and problems of stability in oil-importing countries. Despite the present levelling off, the authors suggest that more price increases remain a distinct possibility.Oil and the International Economy examines the effects of rising oil prices on the international financial system and identifies ways that oil-importing countries can overcome the financial and adjustment problems caused by them. The authors project the long-term trend in real oil prices and present economic policy options to help avoid future financial problems for industrialized and developing nations alike.

OPEC and the World's Energy Future offers a complete account of OPEC's past, present, and possible future in relation to economic, political, and technological changes. It focuses on the impacts of recent international political and economic developments and analyzes the factors affecting OPEC as well as the world oil market. Offers readers a thorough understanding of the interplay among international economics, politics, and technological advances and their effect on the world oil market Describes the continued importance of oil and gas as major sources of energy throughout the world Examines OPEC's history and merits, highlights differences among OPEC members, and discusses OPEC's relations with the outside world Illustrates the impact of new technologies and how they may challenge and change the organization in the near and long term Aimed at policy makers, managers, scientists, and technologists in the oil and gas industry, this work offers readers a thorough understanding of the interplay among international economics, politics, and technological advances and their effect on the world oil market.

Petrocinema presents a collection of essays concerning the close relationship between the oil industry and modern media-especially film. Since the early 1920s, oil extracting companies such as Standard Oil, Royal Dutch/Shell, ConocoPhillips, or Statoil have been producing and circulating moving images for various purposes including research and training, safety, process observation, or promotion. Such industrial and sponsored films include documentaries, educationals, and commercials that formed part of a larger cultural project to transform the image of oil exploitation, creating media interfaces that would allow corporations to coordinate their goals with broader cultural and societal concerns. Falling outside of the domain of conventional cinema, such films firmly belong to an emerging canon of sponsored and educational film and media that has developed over the past decade. Contributing to this burgeoning field of sponsored and educational film scholarship, chapters in this book bear on the intersecting cultural histories of oil extraction and media history by looking closely at moving image imaginaries of the oil industry, from the earliest origins or “spills” in the 20th century to today's post industrial “petromelancholia.”

This book is dedicated to an in-depth statistical analysis and modelling of international oil markets before and during the COVID-19 pandemic with special attention placed on the oil exporting countries Russia and Iran. It is proven that the negative impact of the pandemic on oil markets is huge and expressed by dramatically diminished volume of derivatives contracts at oil markets resulting in failure of oil prices. The coronavirus pandemic highlighted contradictions between the main geoeconomic playmakers of the world – USA, EU, China and partly Russia – however, only the USA has corresponding economic vehicles and instruments, described in the book, for ruling international oil markets.

Engineers seek solutions to problems, and the economic viability of each potential solution is normally considered along with the technical merits. This is typically true for the petroleum sector, which includes the global processes of exploration, production, refining, and transportation. Decisions on an investment in any oil or gas field development are made on the basis of its value, which is judged by a combination of a number of economic indicators. Economic Analysis of Oil and Gas Engineering Operations focuses on economic treatment of petroleum engineering operations and serves as a helpful resource for making practical and profitable decisions in oil and gas field development. Reflects major changes over the past decade or so in the oil and gas industry Provides thorough coverage of the use of economic analysis techniques in decision-making in petroleum-related projects Features real-world cases and applications of economic analysis of various engineering problems encountered in petroleum operations Includes principles applicable to other engineering disciplines This work will be of value to practicing engineers and industry professionals, managers, and executives working in the petroleum industry who have the responsibility of planning and decision-making, as well as advanced students in petroleum and chemical engineering studying engineering economics, petroleum economics and policy, project evaluation, and plant design.

Este libro presenta los aspectos básicos de la tecnología y economía corrientes del refino del petroleo de una manera sistemática aconsejable para una consulta fácil por gerentes técnicos, ingenieros prácticos, miembros de facultades universitarias y graduados o estudiantes de Ingeniería química.

China's breakneck economic development and industrialization of the last three decades have turned the country into a major consumer of energy. In fact, China is currently the world's second biggest energy consumer, and is on course to become the biggest one within a relatively short period of time. This process has taken place in parallel with the rise in energy consumption in the rest of Asia and of the developing world. Just like most countries globally, China's energy supply structure is still dominated by fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. However, the use of renewable sources of energy is on the increase, as the need to achieve a sustainable mode of development becomes more keenly felt.This book focuses on the current state of China's oil and gas industries, the opportunities they present and the challenges they face. Oil and natural gas remain the two most important and most widely used sources of energy in the world, and in spite of the increasing development of renewable energy, it is unlikely that their status will be challenged any time soon. The oil and gas industries of China, the world's second largest economies, are thus clearly of great importance and interest to the entire world.Due to its high efficiency and the relatively low pollution it creates, oil has been the most popular source of energy globally since it replaced coal in the sixties. China is the second biggest oil consumer in the world behind the U.S., and its consumption is forecasted to continue rising. Although oil remains dominant worldwide, the demand for natural gas is also forecasted to grow steadily in the future, partly as an alternative to oil. There are various reasons for this. For one thing, it has now become a political imperative to reduce carbon emissions, and from this point of view natural gas is much preferable to oil, while being more convenient than renewable sources of energy. Another factor is concern about the inevitable decrease of the oil supply as'peak oil'is reached. Furthermore, the development of natural gas powered vehicles and of the natural gas chemical industry are also contributing to raise the demand. This trend towards a greater use of natural gas has also concerned China, which is currently the fourth largest consumer of natural gas in the world.

The business of upstream oil and gas industry is a complex process that involves multidisciplinary participation. Producing crude oil and natural gas from the subsurface reservoir rocks to the point of the selling terminal requires stage by stage processes that costs several hundreds of millions of dollars to the operating companies. Because of the capital intensive nature of upstream investments, every required process is challenged of its economic impact or benefits it will have on the project's net present value (NPV). The techniques applied in determining the economics of these processes and their selection criteria are addressed in the book.This book guides the reader through these strategic processes, and presents the participants involved in the business of upstream oil and gas prospecting and the conditions that dictate the field development and investment decisions by investors. It also reveals the shared interests and relationships that exist between international oil companies (IOCs) and national oil companies (NOCs) in the exploration and exploitation of their hydrocarbon resources and reserves. This text will serve the purpose of teaching and learning to those in the energy and financial sectors, as the methods, tools, and techniques discussed throughout the chapters will equip students, tutors, experts, and professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge of Exploration and Production (E&P) projects and energy financing and investment. The principles of project management as it applies in upstream oil/gas projects are discussed as well. And the criteria for project ranking, selection, and budgeting which are sine qua non to project financing and execution are well documented in this book.

The Trucial Coast Diaries are the secret reports written in Dubai by the Representatives of the London based group of oil companies, the Iraq Petroleum Company, known on the Trucial Coast as Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast), PD(TC). These men, the authors, were in a unique position to observe the social, economic and political environment of the people then living in the present day United Arab Emirates, before oil revenues led to a dramatic transformation from intense poverty to the great wealth which now permeates every aspect of this society. The diaries, dating from 1948 to 1957, are reproduced here with extensive footnotes added on each page to provide explanation and clarification for readers who may not be familiar with the people, the places and the way of life a long time ago ‘on the Coast'. This publication benefits from the unique experience by the editor gained after living well over half a century in the Emirates and enjoying the confidence of so many of the people.

This book examines Russia's capacity to respond to a changing world through the lens of the country's oil industry. Against a backdrop of social, political and climatic change, Indra Overland and Nina Poussenkova present a systematic analysis of how modern energy developments in the form of shale oil, offshore oil and the global energy transition are handled. The book profiles Russia's five largest oil companies - Rosneft, LUKOIL, Gazprom Neft, Surgutneftegas and Tatneft - which are vital channels for much of Russia's income and constitute the backbone of the Russian economy. It explores the importance of the petroleum sector to Russian society, the place of Russian oil and gas in the world's energy supply and the rapid pace of change in the global energy industry. In doing so, it offers insights into internationalization, oil price fluctuations, corporate social responsibility and the impact of Western sanctions against Russia. This is an important read for scholars working on the Russian economy and energy business, particularly corporate social responsibility, organisational change and politics. It will also be a helpful reference tool for anyone working on the global petroleum sector who needs an update on the world's largest energy exporter.

Over a decade ago the World Petroleum Council launched an initiative to hold an international professional youth forum. The first forum took place in October 2004 in China, and had as its motto:'Young people and innovations are the future of the oil industry.'It was the first major event in the history of the WPC in which young professionals and academics had the leading role, and had the opportunity to exchange their ideas in insights on the oil and gas industry with industry leaders and main representatives of the oil and gas industry. Since then, issues of professional development and the disclosure of the creative potential of young industry professionals have been on the agenda of the World Petroleum Council as one of the key areas for the development of international cooperation focused on a strategic perspective.The Future Leaders Forum of the World Petroleum Council VI is the largest international platform for professional communication of young specialists in the oil and gas industry. The contributions in this book are much of interest to professionals and scientists interested or involved in the oil and gas industry or related areas.

This book gives information on the OPEC nations'changing roles in the world oil market as they expand to'downstream'activities. It provides an overview of the production capabilities and policies of major oil exporters and examines the refinery overcapacity crisis in the developed world.

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is one of the most recognizable acronyms among international organizations. It is mainly associated with the'oil shock'of 1973 when prices of petroleum quadrupled and industrialized countries and consumers were forced to face the limits of their development model. This is the first history of OPEC and of its members written by a professional historian. It carries the reader from the formation of the first petrostate in the world, Venezuela in the late 1920s, to the global ascent of petrostates and OPEC during the 1970s, to their crisis in the late-1980s and early- 1990s. Formed in 1960, OPEC was the first international organization of the Global South. It was perceived as acting as the economic'spearhead'of the Global South and acquired a role that went far beyond the realm of oil politics. Petrostates such as Venezuela, Nigeria, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran were (and continue to be) key regional actors, and their enduring cooperation, defying wide political and cultural differences and even wars, speaks to the centrality of natural resources in the history of the twentieth century, and to the underlying conflict between producers and consumers of these natural resources.

For four decades, Petroleum Refining has guided thousands of readers toward a reliable understanding of the field, and through the years has become the standard text in many schools and universities around the world offering petroleum refining classes, for self-study, training, and as a reference for industry professionals. The sixth edition of this perennial bestseller continues in the tradition set by Jim Gary as the most modern and authoritative guide in the field. Updated and expanded to reflect new technologies, methods, and topics, the book includes new discussion on the business and economics of refining, cost estimation and complexity, crude origins and properties, fuel specifications, and updates on technology, process units, and catalysts.The first half of the book is written for a general audience to introduce the primary economic and market characteristics of the industry and to describe the inputs and outputs of refining. Most of this material is new to this edition and can be read independently or in parallel with the rest of the text. In the second half of the book, a technical review of the main process units of a refinery is provided, beginning with distillation and covering each of the primary conversion and treatment processes. Much of this material was reorganized, updated, and rewritten with greater emphasis on reaction chemistry and the role of catalysis in applications. Petroleum Refining: Technology, Economics, and Markets is a book written for users, the practitioners of refining, and all those who want to learn more about the field.

For over eighty years the Arab region has been deriving massive wealth from its natural resources. Nevertheless, its economic performance has been at the mercy of ebbs and flows of oil prices and its resources have been slowly depleting. The two critical questions are why and how Arab countries might escape the oil curse. Institutions and Macroeconomic Policies in Resource-Rich Arab Economies focuses on the unique features of the Arab world to explain the disappointing outcomes of macroeconomic policy. It explores the interaction between oil and institutions to draw policy recommendations on how Arab countries can best exploit their oil revenues to avoid the resource curse. Case studies and contributions from experts provide an understanding of macroeconomic institutions (including their underlying rules, procedures and institutional arrangements) in oil-rich Arab economies and of their political economy environment, which has largely been overlooked in previous research. Institutions and Macroeconomic Policies in Resource-Rich Arab Economies offers novel macroeconomic policy propositions for exchange rate regimes, fiscal policy and oil wealth distribution that is more consistent with macroeconomic stability and fiscal sustainability. These policy reforms, if implemented successfully, could go a long way in helping the resource-rich countries of the Arab region and elsewhere to avoid the oil curse.

The term “local content” refers to the value petroleum activities bring to a country beyond the direct revenues from hydrocarbons. Job creation, taxes and fees, and the infusion of talent and education all contribute to local content. With the insight of experts from around the world, this text explores the policies of more than two dozen countries, each with its own approach. It also discusses historical context and how countries could learn from the best and the worst of local content development. Host countries that remain assertive in local content policies also have a better track record in tackling other associated problems. These include economic and social issues as well as also the development of a diverse and well-educated local work force. This text is a valuable resource for legal counsels (in-house and external), governmental authorities, business development managers, economists, NGOs, and academics.

A comprehensive review of the theory and practice of the simulation and optimization of the petroleum refining processes Petroleum Refinery Process Modeling offers a thorough review of how to quantitatively model key refinery reaction and fractionation processes. The text introduces the basics of dealing with the thermodynamics and physical property predictions of hydrocarbon components in the context of process modeling. The authors - three experts on the topic - outline the procedures and include the key data required for building reaction and fractionation models with commercial software. The text shows how to filter through the extensive data available at the refinery and using plant data to begin calibrating available models and extend the models to include key fractionation sub-models. It provides a sound and informed basis to understand and exploit plant phenomena to improve yield, consistency, and performance. In addition, the authors offer information on applying models in an overall refinery context through refinery planning based on linear programming. This important resource: -Offers the basic information of thermodynamics and physical property predictions of hydrocarbon components in the context of process modeling -Uses the key concepts of fractionation lumps and physical properties to develop detailed models and workflows for atmospheric (CDU) and vacuum (VDU) distillation units -Discusses modeling FCC, catalytic reforming and hydroprocessing units Written for chemical engineers, process engineers, and engineers for measurement and control, this resource explores the advanced simulation tools and techniques that are available to support experienced and aid new operators and engineers.

'La sociedad venezolana es una continua transformación, es una mutación perenne que deja atrás y sin piedad lo que fuimos, por un ansia insaciable de lo que seremos'. Bajo esta premisa, Briceño-León aborda la modernidad mestiza de Venezuela, su dinamismo, su oropel y su fragilidad, atendiendo desde el impacto que tuvo en la política la modernidad petrolera, ocasionando un igualitarismo tradicional y un estado de necesidad, pasando por una revisión de la división social, la influencia de las migraciones europeas, la raza, el racismo y la exclusión social, para cerrar con una explicación de la relevancia del mestizaje para la práctica sociológica. Investigar y debatir desde la sociología sobre la constitución social, cultural, económica y política de Venezuela ha sido una labor ininterrumpida y comprometida para Roberto Briceño-León quien, en este nuevo título y a partir de múltiples estudios sociológicos realizados a lo largo de varias décadas, analiza, desde la teoría y el trabajo de campo con diferentes actores de la diversa sociedad venezolana y su mestizaje que, como realidad social y práctica sociológica, está convencido de que lejos de ser un pecado, debe ser considerado orgullo y sobre todo esperanza.

This book is the product of a multinational project, sponsored by the Middle East Institute of Columbia University in cooperation with the World Peace Foundation (Boston), the Atlantic Institute for International Affairs (Paris), and the Asia-Pacific Association of Japan (Tokyo). It focuses on the principal unresolved issues of the energy crisis, t

The production and consumption of oil has emerged as a major factor in international economics in general and in regional and national development in particular. The struggle for access to oil and gas resources has become even more fierce, affecting the long-range strategic planning of the superpowers and causing a shift in the world balance of trade. Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973 is the logical sequel to Dr. Shwadran's classic, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Powers. In this new work, Dr. Shwadran delineates the changes in the power equation, the political atmosphere, and the resources of the participants since 1973. He marshals persuasive evidence to show that economic forces, narrow vision, and the absence of strategic planning were the major contributing factors for the oil crises of the past decade, rather than the Arab-Israeli war.

In this book, the author reflects major stages in the principal history of oil from the beginning of World War II to 1981. He focuses on the significance of critical aspects of petroleum logistics and presents the strategic dimensions of oil.

First published in English in 1922, Delaisi (translated in to English this version by Leese) Timelines details the relationship and the delicate line, oil had for international relations, politics and industry on a global scale during the early twentieth century.

We know that the people of Mesopotamia were using crude oil as a tar for building ships and houses as early as 3000 BC, so it is not by any means a new industry-but it is a volatile one. Oil and gas are important to every aspect of our economy yet this industry is distinguished by its combination of increasing demands and decreasing discovery volumes-and it is an industry shrouded in an environment of extremely volatile pricing. This book is a vital introduction to the oil and gas industry that focuses on history, operations, major companies, outside market forces, regulation, and the current challenges the industry faces. Such factors as finite natural resources, the environment, economics, geopolitics, and technology are also analyzed in detail. The focus on oil and gas is likely to continue to grow until efficient, environmentally safe alternate fuels become available. And because it's woven with complex relationships that are ever changing, this book is the best tool to have for a better understanding of this industry.