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In the context of evolving perceptions of sexuality, particularly within the realm of health and disability, this study investigates the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on female sexual function and quality of life. A quantitative study involving 130 female MS patients aged 35 to 50 was conducted, employing measures such as The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), The Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19), and The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Results indicate a significant association between greater sexual dysfunction and poorer quality of sex life, alongside the correlation of increased fatigue with diminished sexual satisfaction. Specifically, the mean FSFI score was 20.8 (SD = 9.36), with 83.8% of participants experiencing severe fatigue (FSS score ≥ 36). Sexual dysfunction demonstrated a strong, negative correlation with all FSFI subscales (p < 0.01). Factors such as education level (p = 0.016), time of diagnosis (p = 0.035), and treatment regimen (p = 0.041) also significantly influenced outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of supportive interventions, including counseling, to enhance the quality of sex life for women with disabilities, particularly those with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to summarize the views on Health in Ancient Greek Medicine. We studied mainly the Hippocratic and Galenic Corpus as well as the views of contemporary scholars on the subject. Important aspects on human health include the “four humors theory”, the strict connection of human physiology with the laws of Nature and the interconnection between the functions of human body and the way of life and habits of the patient. The humoral theories provided the basis for treatment strategies in Hippocratic medicine which was strictly individualized and case restricted. Hippocrates, on the basis of those theories, also suggested a set of rules for everyday life in his “Regimen” suggesting a direct association between health and life style. In all aspects of human life, the golden mean is considered to be the optimum way, according to the writer of the Hippocratic texts, in order to restore the balance between opposing powers that tend to disturb the homeostasis of human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the health conditions in the Greek Army during the Balkan wars. MATERĠAL and METHODs: The research for this study was based on medical writings, articles and reports published during and after the end of Balkan Wars. RESULTS: The health of the Greek Army was relatively good on both fronts during the war, apart from an epidemic of typhoid fever that broke out in Kastoria in December 1912, followed one month later by meningitis in the same region and isolated cases of malaria and gastroenteritis. The typhus epidemic that struck the Turkish Army during the capture of Ioannina in February 1913 did not spread to the Greek forces thanks to preventive measures being taken in good time. It is worth noting the early action of the medical personnel at the end of April 1913, when cases of typhus occurred during the transfer of 1125 sick and wounded Serbs from Durazzo to Thessaloniki on the hospital ship “Albania” and the steamship “Petersburg”. The strict hygiene measures that were imposed averted the risk of an epidemic, limiting the death toll to five at sea and another ten who died later in the military hospitals of Thessaloniki, where they were evacuated. Frostbite, which has been a problem for Military Medicine since ancient times, also occupied the Medical Service during the cold winter of 1912-1913. Although only 580 cases were recorded (those that were evacuated to hospitals), unofficial accounts give a much higher figure, since in many units of the “Field Army of Epirus” it put about a third of the men out of action. CONCLUSĠON: The standards of health in the Greek army during the Balkan Wars were extremely high. Various epidemics plagued the Greek army and were successfully controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to highlight the most important events in the history of antisepsis, an important practice in medicine. MATERĠAL and METHODs: Historical archives and reports were researched as well as extensive research in available literature was also conducted. RESULTS: The Ebers papyrus (1550 BC) reports prescriptions containing honey, most likely for an antiseptic purpose. The Good Samaritan in the Bible poured oil and wine into the wounds of the man injured by thieves on the road to Jericho, whereas Homer described the washing of wounds with water or wine after removing enemy arrows. French physician and surgeon Guy de Chauliac (1300-1368) used distilled spirits to irrigate wounds and French surgeon Ambroise Paré (1510-1590) employed acqua vit. Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey (1766-1842), the famous Napoleon‟s military surgeon, employed styrax and benzoin for wound dressings. An effective means of antisepsis was urgent for the decontamination of gun powder wounds, after the discoveries by the Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1865) and the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur‟s (1822-1895) that wound contamination led to infection and Joseph Lister‟s application to war surgery. The discovery of chlorine in 1774 an important decontaminant and bromine in 1811 led to their wide use for antiseptic purposes. In 1867, the famous British surgeon and pioneer of antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister (1827-1912) recommended the use of carbolic acid for treatment of open fractures. The discovery of penicillin by the Scottish biologist and pharmacologist Sir Alexander Flemming (1881-1955) displaced antiseptics as the primary method of bacterial control. CONCLUSĠON: The history of antisepsis spans almost all the known periods of History of Medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of the cholera epidemics during the Balkan wars and their effect on the final outcome of the conflict. MATERĠAL and METHODS: The research for this study was based on medical writings, articles and reports published during and after the end of the Balkan Wars. RESULTS: The cholera epidemic during the Balkan Wars is part of the sixth world pandemic of cholera that plagued humanity during the period 1899-1923. The first cholera cases were reported by the Bulgarian and Turkish Army. The Greek Army probably was affected by the Bulgarian Army during their conflicts. King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (1861-1948) summoned the Austrian pathologist and bacteriologist Prof. Rudolf Krauss (1868-1932) who, with his team, successfully eliminated the disease from the Bulgarian Army. General Chief Medical Officer Colonel Panagiotis Manousos (1852-1927) and Professor of the Department Hygiene and Microbiology at Athens University Medical School, Honorary Chief Medical Officer Lieutenant Colonel Konstantinos Savvas (1861- 1929) were put in charge in behalf of the Greek Army in the war against the cholera. Under their guidance, measures were immediately taken such as quarantine as well as eight medical teams were organized with the task initially to vaccinate population and to hospitalize patients. The success of the fight against cholera did not lie only in the early diagnosis of the disease and the application of preventive measures, but particularly in the use of a cholera vaccine, an idea of Konstantinos Savvas, which worked by a multiplier effect. This was the first time that a cholera vaccine had been so widely employed and it reduced morbidity by fourteen times and mortality by thirteen times when administered in two normal vaccinations. The total vaccination of 150,000 troops and 350,000 inhabitants of Macedonia helped contain cholera largely to the army, where just 2,500 cases were recorded, 515 of them resulting in death, while 2,700 cases occurred in the civilian population, 1,150 of them fatal. During the same period, despite its very well organized Medical Service, Bulgaria saw 11,000 cases, 3,600 of them fatal. The mass vaccination of soldiers and civilians which took place for the first time worldwide led to the control of the epidemic, a fact which contributed decisively in the final outcome of the war. CONCLUSĠON: At the beginning of the 20th century, tiny Greece was able to use its own scientific resources to fight and limit the spread of a cholera epidemic to such an extent that foreign correspondents remarked on the phenomenal precision of the scientific achievement and sang the praises of Professor Savvas. The international acclaim that greeted the publication of the excellent preventive results of the cholera vaccine contributed to the Armies of the Central Powers fighting in Poland in the First World War being vaccinated against cholera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]