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Cheating has been a long-standing issue in university assessments. However, the release of ChatGPT and other free-to-use generative AI tools has provided a new and distinct method for cheating. Students can run many assessment questions through the tool and generate a superficially compelling answer, which may or may not be accurate. We ran a dual-anonymous "quality assurance" marking exercise across four end-of-module assessments across a distance university computer science (CS) curriculum. Each marker received five ChatGPT-generated scripts alongside 10 student scripts. A total of 90 scripts were marked; every ChatGPT generated script for the undergraduate modules received at least a passing grade (>40%), with all of the introductory module CS1 scripts receiving a distinction (>85%). None of the ChatGPT-taught postgraduate scripts received a passing grade (>50%). We also present the results of interviewing the markers and of running our sample scripts through a GPT-2 detector and the TurnItIn AI detector, which both identified every ChatGPT-generated script but differed in the number of false positives. As such, we contribute a baseline understanding of how the public release of generative AI is likely to significantly impact quality assurance processes. Our analysis demonstrates that in most cases, across a range of question formats, topics, and study levels, ChatGPT is at least capable of producing adequate answers for undergraduate assessment.

In the dynamic context of modern business, the role of religion in business management is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers and practitioners. Religion, seen as a set of spiritual beliefs and practices, deeply shapes people’s values, behaviors, and decisions, thus impacting the way organizations are managed. Using bibliometric analysis allowed us to identify research trends, the links between the keywords underlying the selected studies, and the impact of the publications on the business environment. The study revealed that religious values can shape ethical behavior, leadership styles, and corporate social responsibility in business. Most studies focus on the influences of Islamic, Catholic, and Protestant religions, leaving a significant gap in understanding how orthodox values and practices influence organizational behavior and business ethics, even though this is the dominant religion in many Eastern and South-Eastern European countries. For a more comprehensive perspective, future research should include case studies and surveys in these geographical and cultural regions, combining qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. This study provides a robust basis for future research, stimulating reflection on how religious values can shape the business landscape in the 21st century.

Abstract Drug treatments for pain often do not outperform placebo, and a better understanding of placebo mechanisms is needed to improve treatment development and clinical practice. In a large-scale fMRI study (N = 392) with pre-registered analyses, we tested whether placebo analgesic treatment modulates nociceptive processes, and whether its effects generalize from conditioned to unconditioned pain modalities. Placebo treatment caused robust analgesia in conditioned thermal pain that generalized to unconditioned mechanical pain. However, placebo did not decrease pain-related fMRI activity in brain measures linked to nociceptive pain, including the Neurologic Pain Signature (NPS) and spinothalamic pathway regions, with strong support for null effects in Bayes Factor analyses. In addition, surprisingly, placebo increased activity in some spinothalamic regions for unconditioned mechanical pain. In contrast, placebo reduced activity in a neuromarker associated with higher-level contributions to pain, the Stimulus Intensity Independent Pain Signature (SIIPS), and affected activity in brain regions related to motivation and value, in both pain modalities. Individual differences in behavioral analgesia were correlated with neural changes in both modalities. Our results indicate that cognitive and affective processes primarily drive placebo analgesia, and show the potential of neuromarkers for separating treatment influences on nociception from influences on evaluative processes.

Teaching practicum has an essential contribution to the professional development of pre-service teachers. This study aimed to identify how the students enrolled in the Pedagogy of Preschool and Primary Education experienced the role of teaching practicum from the perspective of the theory learned during the courses and the reality in the educational institutions where they carried out the teaching practicum. Qualitative methodology was the choice to fit the purpose of the study with an embedded single case study research design, thus type 2 of a case study. The case was the teaching practicum, consisting of three groups of students in the PPPE academic program, second and third years, thus employing multiple units of analysis. The participants were 12 pre-service teachers chosen through purposive sampling from 53 students registered in the second and third academic years. Data collection methods comprised three FGDs and document analysis (16 pedagogical practice notebooks). Thematic coding was the option for data analysis after data was transcribed verbatim, conducted member checking, coded, grouped the codes into categories, and organized under themes. The themes revealed an interplay between theory and practice, ideal and real, regarding teaching practices.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a widely performed surgical procedure to restore knee stability following an ACL tear. While previous studies have explored the impact of age on ACLR outcomes, the specific influence of age on allograft ACLR remains relatively debatable. This study aims to investigate the relationship between age and allograft failure rates in ACLR. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 482 patients who underwent primary ACLR using a bone patella tendon bone allograft. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify any significant differences between the age groups. All statistical analyses were performed using R Studio. Results: Among the observed age groups, older individuals had a higher prevalence of comorbidities, including anxiety or depression (P = 0.043), hypertension (P < 0.001), and sleep apnea (P = 0.029). There were no significant differences in postoperative outcomes, including 90-day emergency department visits, 90-day postoperative admissions, or ACL retear with or without revision surgery at an average follow-up of 2 years, among the different age groups. The same was found when examining differences between patients

The research presented in this article had as objectives carrying out a review of the specialized literature in the field of E-government and the opportunities of digitization from the perspective of the IC&T sector, the study of the relations between E-governance (expressed as activities via websites) and the evolution of the IC&T sector and analysis of the obtained results, verification of the confirmation of the formulated hypotheses and contextualization of the results by referring to other results obtained in the specialized literature. To highlight the relationship between E-government and the digitalization opportunities offered by the evolution of the IC&T sector, correlation analyzes were carried out using the secondary data made available by the Eurostat databases. Three research hypotheses were formulated and the first research hypothesis, the one regarding a strong positive relationship between E-governance and the number of enterprises active in IC&T, is validated in the case of most European countries. The other two research hypotheses, regarding a strong positive relationship between E-governance and the number of enterprises active in IC&T and also a positive and close relationship between E-governance and the share of IC&T staff in total employees, have been confirmed only in the case of fewer European countries.

The fiscal balance is an indicator of the health of public finances and a result of the fiscal policy that differs from one state to another, even in similar macroeconomic conditions. Especially after the Covid-19 crisis which showed that governments need a more permissive fiscal space for adjustments and a good knowledge of the fiscal vulnerabilities to which they are exposed, budget deficit or surplus can be used as a tool to measure fiscal risk or fiscal security, respectively. Based on data from Eurostat and World Bank databases, our analysis concerns the current 27 European Union member states between 2000 and 2021.Our study demonstrates that general government debt, foreign direct investments, military and unemployment expenditures negatively impact the budget balance, while economic growth and pension expenditures are revealed as positive determinants of the budget balance. Considering the calculated coefficients, economic growth stands out as the most important source of competing fiscal risks and improving budget balance, proved by all the statistical methodologies employed in the study.

The importance of preserving dental tissues together with the evolution of dental techniques and materials has led to advances in the field of endodontics and new principles in tooth restoration. Endodontically treated teeth are more prone to fracture and endodontically treated abutment teeth have a lower survival rate compared to vital abutment teeth. The aim of this study was to establish the evolution of teeth with endodontic treatment in a group of patients from Craiova, the frequency of various forms of failure of endodontic treatment and to identify the factors that contributed to the failure or success of endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out based on the clinical and radiological examination and the consultation of the treatment sheets of some patients who came for treatment in the Dental Prosthetics Clinic of the Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova. The general technical quality of the endodontic treatment was evaluated based on the guidelines published by the European Society of Endodontology, following the radiological appearance of the root canal obturation as well as the presence of periapical lesions. The periapical index (PAI) proposed by Orstavik et al. was used to assess the periapical condition of teeth with root canal fillings. Results: The most common indications for endodontic treatment were irreversible pulpitis (64.05%) and endodontic treatment for prosthetic purposes (23.72%). Periapical lesions were observed in 33.4% of all endodontically treated teeth. Periapical lesions were observed in 35.2% of endodontically treated abutment teeth compared to 7.1% of vital abutment teeth. Conclusions: The most common indications for endodontic treatment were irreversible pulpitis and endodontic treatment for prosthetic purposes. Endodontic treatments for prosthetic purpose were very frequent although there are clear recommendations against it. Periapical complications were recorded in a higher proportion in case of abutment teeth.

Aim of the study: to evaluate the degree of statistical association between the oral parameter represented by the total number of permanent lost teeth (NLT) on both arches, and a certain type of cardiovascular disease. Materials and methods: 84 hospitalized participants in the Cardiology Department from DrobetaTurnu-Severin County Emergency Clinical Hospital were evaluated in the Emergency Dentistry Department of the same hospital. The demographic and clinical data were collected and statistically analyzed using Chi-square and Kendall’s tau-b, followed by two binomial regression models. Results: A strong, positive association between the NLT and the presence of heart valve diseases, respectively cardiomyopathy was highlighted by Chi-square tests (χ2(2) = 8.774, p = 0.023, respectively χ2(2) = 19.137, p < 0.0005) Also, NLT between 9 and 14 may be considered a statistically significant predictor of developing cardiomyopathy (unadjusted OR = 6.548, 95%CI = 1.764 – 24.304, p < 0.0005), and NLT between 15-27 for developing heart valve diseases (unadjusted OR = 7.886, 95% CI = 1.698 – 36.616, p = 0.008). Conclusions: For the group of participants included in the study, NLT had a statistically significant predictive value especially for heart valve diseases and cardiomyopathy.

The use of custom CAD/CAM abutments in implant restorations has become a reality, but there are questions about the existence of micro-gaps at the implant-abutment junction larger than those of the original standard stock abutments. The purpose of this study was to compare dimensions of the micro-gaps between four types of implant abutments (original dental implant stock abutments, compatible dental implant stock abutments, and two types of customized CAD/CAM dental implant abutments) all with the same connection of Bredent Sky system mounted on a standard implant. Material and Method: Micro-gap measurements were made on four groups of Titanium abutments: 1) original dental implant stock abutments – industrial machined, 2) compatible dental implant stock abutments – industrial machined and 3) and 4) compatible customized CAD/CAM dental implant abutments – non-industrial milled with two different parameters in hyperDENT CAM software and Paragon Tools. The Nikon SMZ745T stereomicroscope was used to measure the micro-gaps of each dental implant abutment and results were statistically analyzed. Results: The micro-gaps measured on implant-abutments junction did not show significant differences between original abutment, and the three types of compatible abutments. Conclusions: No significant differences of the micro-gap at the implant-abutment junction were observed between the original implant abutments and compatible abutments, and customized abutments. Micro-gap dimensions were within the clinically accepted limit and the use of custom CAD/CAM dental implant abutments is reliable.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for the labor market and young people entering the job market in Romania may face unique fears and uncertainties. Some of these fears may include: uncertainty about employment opportunities, remote work challenges, health and safety issues, digital skills requirements, economic instability, mental health. This study aims to explore the fears perceived by Romanian youth entering an increasingly unstable labor market in a post-pandemic society. In this article we use a qualitative research method, in-depth interviews, to obtain information about the specific concerns and anxieties of young people entering the labor market after the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to understand their consumer behavior in the labor market. The findings of this study will help us understand the experiences of young people in the labor market in Romania and will help policymakers and businesses find ways to support their transition to the labor market. Also, this study will highlight the need for strategies adapted to the challenges of a post-pandemic society, such as digitization and sustainability. Young people will discover some opportunities to develop the skills and competencies necessary to use the new technologies. In conclusion, this study will serve as a valuable resource for educators, employers and policy makers who wish to promote a more sustainable and inclusive labor market in Romania.

The book recently published by the Publishing House of the Romanian Academy is one of the touchstones that even the best professionals in the field often stumble upon. An old text edition, written between 1725 and 1736, in two languages with a difficult structure and, whatever may be said, foreign to the author, namely Christian Latin and Romanian spoken in Moldavia in an age of dramatic searches for literary forms, is not within everyone’s reach. On the other hand, it is a dogmatic text, with a lexico-semantic, grammatical and pragmatic-stylistic specificity that is difficult to penetrate and convey in the modern era.