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With the development of assistive technologies, it is possible to enhance the degree of independence of life in a home for the visually impaired persons. Assistive technologies today are not just a device, but represent a technology, service, and a system. Modeling of the system for applying assistive technologies needs to be considered through a precisely defined taxonomy of the technology and the devices that are used and the appropriate system architecture. The aim of such an approach is the delivery of precise and real- time information to the end user. Advanced communication technologies can provide all the relevant information to the end user. This chapter proposes the taxonomy of information and communication technologies and devices and the conceptual system architecture for the delivery of the service in a smart home of the visually impaired persons. Also, the efficiency of the operation of the most represented virtual assistants for the management of sensors, actuators, and devices in the smart home environment has been tested.

Artificial intelligence can be considered a leading component of industrial transformation, but its application is also present in other areas, such as the telecommunications sector. Methodologies based on artificial intelligence, the most significant of which is machine learning, support these areas when predicting maintenance needs and reducing downtime. Machine learning has many algorithms and methods of its own. This research presents machine learning methods and the possibilities of their use in the areas of telecommunications and Industry 4.0. With the improvement of new technologies such as higher internet speeds and 5G mobile networks in the field of telecommunications or Industry 4.0, comes the need for new and improved management and support for systems that use these new technologies. Some types of machine learning can be used for collecting data to improve user’s quality of service. Also, some types of them can be used to collect data on network traffic or, in general, for any system that needs to collect data, cluster data points, and analyze data.

Assistive technology promotes greater independence for people with disabilities by enabling them to perform everyday tasks while providing improvements or changing the methods of interacting with the technology required to perform such tasks. The cognitive and physical characteristics of people with Down syndrome are usually characterized by some form of difficulty in communication and learning and unique physical characteristics, which makes performing daily activities challenging and often require the help of an assistant. For this paper, the authors conducted a survey, and the collected data served as a basis for understanding the development of people with Down syndrome, movement in traffic and the environment, and the frequency and knowledge of information and communication technologies. The paper aims to propose CAT assistive technology model and conceptual system architecture for delivering information services based on the Internet of Things concept to increase the independence and mobility of people with Down syndrome.

The number of people who are blind or visually impaired is growing as the global population ages. Every person who has a visual impairment and moves without assistance faces numerous challenges every day when overcoming obstacles. The challenges they face have become the subject of numerous studies. Currently, there are not many solutions on the market that are in the function of overcoming the daily obstacles of these groups of users. These solutions require high costs of investment in development and maintenance, while on the other hand, there are a small number of potential users, which is why it is necessary to find a sustainable business model. This chapter focuses on proposing a business model based on the conceptual architecture of the InnIoTShop solution that is related to informing visually impaired people through an intelligent store environment. This chapter aims to model parts of the InnIoTShop solution using the transformation accelerator modeling tool to develop a business scenario and business model and apply the ecosystem. The mentioned modeling platform was chosen because of the numerous possibilities it provides. Some of the key ones for modeling a business model and creating a business scenario are presented in this chapter. The purpose of this chapter is to create a basis for the operation of the R&D system to provide innovative information and communication InnIoTService service to improve the quality of life of blind and visually impaired people.

Applying appropriate assistive technology makes it possible to ensure greater inclusion of persons with visual impairments in society. In this paper, research was conducted related to the attitudes and satisfaction of visually impaired persons with existing information services provided by public transport companies in the city of Zagreb. Functionalities of the information service for blind and partially sighted persons when using the public transport system are proposed based on the analysis of the collected and processed data. The conceptual architecture of the system for the delivery of information services of this group of users based on modern information and communication technologies has also been proposed. A test environment was created to check the operation of certain functionalities of the information service. The result of this is the proven operation of the proposed architecture of the information service delivery system. This solution can increase the degree of mobility and quality of life of this group of users, ensuring the implementation of the Society 5.0 concept.

Digital transformation represents an organizational and operational change in railway transport that is made possible by integrating digital technologies and processes at all levels. One of the many possibilities it provides is distributing accurate and real-time information to all stakeholders in the rail system. It changed passenger habits and modernized passenger in-formation systems on the rail network. Thanks to innovative technologies and digitalization, transport operators on the rail network can increase their business accuracy, predict customer preferences, and personalize the services they offer on the market. Thus, as a service provided by transport operators to their customers, passenger information systems have become one of the essential items when planning a journey. These systems can be divided into systems before and during the trip. Real-time and accurate information displayed to passengers on various devices for precise information is essential items in these systems. All the above requires an architecture of information and communication services based on new technologies that will deliver all relevant information to end users. This paper aims to present the functionalities of such systems to determine recommendations for improving the existing system for informing passengers in rail traffic on the Republic of Croatia’s territory.

Information and data in today’s world are the most valuable assets of an organization. Every business system, and thus the information and data that are part of such a system, is exposed to certain risks and threats. For this reason, organizations are forced to protect their assets. One of the key parameters that affect an organization’s exposure to risk is information security. Its goal is to protect information from threats. The information security risk management system establishes a mechanism for controlling and managing an acceptable level of risk in the organization. Selecting an appropriate risk assessment methodology allows the organization’s managers to prioritize risks according to their severity or some other criteria. Given the complexity of today’s information business, the Probabilistic Risk Assessment methodology has begun to be applied in information security risk assessment. By creating a use-case scenario, it is possible to conduct qualitative and quantitative risk assessments. Event trees and stable errors as part of the above methodology are used to indicate possible scenarios, as well as to find the causes of their occurrence and to model the possible failure of controls applicable to risk mitigation. This paper will present one of the use cases of information security risk assessment using these trees. Also, their application in the conditions of a complex information system will be presented on the example of an organization in the Republic of Croatia.

A technologically based society geared towards every human being represents a Society 5.0 environment whose goal is to upgrade society to improve daily human life. It can be achieved through the significant application of information and communication networks, technologies, services, and user equipment. Industry 4.0 is the basis for developing the Society 5.0 environment in which the harmonious coexistence of people and machines comes to the fore. Artificial intelligence is one of the critical technologies for the further growth and development of the Society 5.0 environment, whose ability is to convert collected networked stakeholder's data into values. The authors in this paper systematically review the literature to investigate the application of artificial intelligence technology within the Society 5.0 environment. This paper aims to present the possibilities and scenarios of using artificial intelligence in different areas of the Society 5.0 environment, such as the digital transport system, healthcare, and manufacturing.

HŽ Infrastructure Ltd is a company in charge of management, maintenance, and building of railway infrastructure which is obliged to provide the user with all relevant information on the departure and arrival of trains and possible delays. There are currently 545 official places (stops and stations) on the Republic of Croatia’s railway network. To implementing modern communication solutions in the function of informing passengers, it is essential to make a systematic analysis of the technical-technological ecosystem to connect all the elements and deliver information to passengers. In this paper, an analysis of the current state of telecommunication infrastructure and equipment of all official places on the Republic of Croatia’s railway network is made. Based on the analyzed data, the central system’s functions, the passenger information system’s conceptual architecture, and the way the system communicates with the vehicle are defined. The technical-technological requirements that end users must obtain accurate and real-time information can be implemented according to the phased introduction and upgrade of the system, which is visible in the passenger information system’s proposed conceptual architecture in this paper.

The Industry 4.0 concept represents a new way of managing production processes. With its application, connections between people, systems, and objects become more complex, creating a dynamic and real-time optimized network. With the establishment of such a network, a smart factory is created. In a smart factory environment, each process must be precisely planned into a connected functional unit in order for the production process to run smoothly. A factory designed in this way has a complex information and communication infrastructure, and thus potentially more significant security threats and risks that it faces than a factory that operates traditionally. The technologies found in the smart factory environment have been evolving for some time. However, their integration with industrial systems poses new security challenges. The smart factory environment's rapid development imposes the need to ensure safe interaction between the production system elements. This paper provides an insight into the environment of a smart factory and the information and communication technologies that enable its operation. The paper provides an overview of security threats and risks that such an environment faces based on the acquired knowledge.

Current diameters of digital transformations within the Industry 4.0 paradigm identify significant challenges in enabling individual interactions with end-users depending on user requirements. For this reason, concept of Industry 5.0 appears. It implies the relevant stakeholders (employees, users, and devices) mutual interaction to address the need for personalization and mass customization of products for end-users. Society 5.0, as the latest paradigm, focuses on placing humans at the center of technological transformation and industrial automation driven by Industry 4.0. This paper aims to use analysis and synthesis methods of currently available scientific and professional literature to explore the possibilities provided by the intensive application of information and communication networks and technologies for establishing the Society 5.0 environment. Given that there are not many scientific and professional papers in this field, this paper's results will serve as a basis for understanding this paradigm and possible impact on production processes in the future.

The Industry 4.0 environment combines innovative information and communication technologies with Internet and physical systems, enabling advanced wireless communications and the Internet of Things services. Such digital and wireless transformation has the potential to drive economic growth in manufacturing using 5G technology. A key component of this potential lies in the collaboration between stakeholders in the manufacturing and mobile ecosystems industries who have acted in parallel in the past. In the future, the 5G technology will have a major impact on industry and mobility and will enable manufacturers to complete end-to-end automation with the virtual deployment of new product lines or the entire factory. Directly contributing to the social and economic development, 5G will be the technology that will enable growth and transformation in the Industry 4.0. This paper aims to show the impact that 5G can have on improving manufacturing processes in a smart factory environment and how it can respond to its increasing requirements. It will also outline the technical challenges that the manufacturing industry may meet when implementing this technology. Accordingly, an overview of the state of implementation of the 5G technology and a future development plan of Industry 4.0 in Europe will be given.

The development of information and communication technologies leads to more efficient logistics and production processes through the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept. For this purpose, it is important to establish all elements of the ecosystem with the aim of delivering accurate and real-time information to end users. Today’s scientific research literature does not provide enough insight into the field of modeling unique integrated Industry 4.0 ecosystem with the aim of delivering the required services. The aim of this research is to identify the relevant parameters required for modeling ecosystem elements within the Industry 4.0 concept. The identification of relevant parameters provides a starting point in the field of modeling ecosystem elements for the purpose of creating unique integrated system. In the process of designing a unique integrated system, it is important to create new business models for the purpose of more efficient business within the concept of Industry 4.0. The article also shows the impact of business transition from traditional to digital business by comparing current business models.

The development of information and communication technologies leads to more efficient logistics and production processes through the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept. For this purpose, it is important to establish all elements of the ecosystem to deliver accurate and real-time information to end users. The identification of relevant parameters provides a starting point in the field of modeling ecosystem elements to create a unique integrated system. In the process of designing a unique integrated system, it is important to create new business models for more efficient business within the concept of Industry 4.0. This paper will outline the possibilities of using the Transformation Accelerator tool in the process of creating new business models. Relevant parameters represent the basis for the successful modeling of a business model in an Industry 4.0 environment. The paper also shows the impact of the business transition from traditional (analog culture) to digital business by comparing current business models.

The aim of this research is to develop a smart wristband system architecture that provides real-time information to users in traffic environment. Users in traffic environment are persons with visual impairment, hearing impairment, and locomotor impairment, elderly, children, and persons without disabilities. The purpose of service is to provide users with accurate and real-time information and raising the level of quality of life. Previous research and solutions have provided information about user needs and demands. Conducted survey defined functionalities of system based on Cloud Computing for the Blind concept which provides 24/7 support for the delivery of services and safety of users. Architecture of the service is designed according to universal design and Ambient Assisted Living concept. With simulation testing and experimental methods based on the Arduino and Raspberry Pi platforms, the work of proposed system is tested in laboratory and real-world environment which proved real-time information delivery to users. Having the ability to notify users in real time will increase the level of autonomy and safety while moving through traffic network.

With development of contemporary Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and services it is possible to increase mobility, movement, and quality of life to blind and partially sighted people. Guidelines of the Council of the European Union 2000/78/EU state that one of the key goals is actively involving person with disabilities in working processes (employment). By new ICT concepts, such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0, it is possible to develop new innovative services in the field of assistive technologies. The goal of such services is to enable greater inclusion of blind and partially sighted people in the work processes of smart factories and its environments. Based on the analyzed technical characteristics of IoT and Industry 4.0 concept and related sensors technology, conceptual architecture of the system for delivering real-time information is proposed in this chapter. Experimental testing for the purpose of demonstrating the functionality of the conceptual architecture of the system was conducted on IoT development platform. Furthermore, a research for defining relevant parameters of informing users in indoor environment was conducted to define elements of system architecture. The chapter also presents the security features of innovative services in the IoT environment and in the concept of a smart factory.

Information and communication technology continues to positively impact many stages of the manufacturing environment. Intelligence is about to be shared from the start to the end of the supply chain. Internet of Things (IoT) is adding intelligence to endpoints, big data are becoming the new way of running a business and Cloud Computing (CC) is becoming a new data center. The advancement that this technology brings to manufacturing is fundamentally changing individual companies and transforming market dynamics. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is all about including contemporary technologies for processes of automation and real- time data exchange in manufacturing organizations. This paper represents the basis for designing the communication layer of the ecosystem’s value chain depending on the usage scenario within the Industry 4.0 concept. Also, depending on the usage scenario, different service classes are grouped and coverage of the currently available communication networks in the Republic of Croatia is shown. Characteristics and capabilities of Industry 4.0 offer efficient business in the fields of logistics, manufacturing, tourism and smart cities. Also, with increased connectivity it is possible to build smarter supply chains, processes and end- to-end ecosystems.

Signalling and safety systems are an essential part of railway traffic that excludes the possibility of wrong reactions of the train driver for different traffic conditions and prevent possible collision of trains. One of the most applicable train protection system in Europe is Indusi system which allows spot transmission of information at discrete points. This paper briefly describes the characteristics and versions of this system developed over time, explores its applicability and its impact on interoperability in European rail traffic.

Research has shown that using a mobile device while driving increases the risk of traffic accidents by up to five times. From 2010 to 2014, Croatia has doubled the number of offenses caused using mobile device while driving. Current methods of prevention have succeeded in reducing the number of offenses (reduction of 6% in 2016), which justifies the investment in ways to improve prevention. Except the financial penalties, activities in the form of prevention and awareness raising about the negative impact of the use of mobile devices on driver behavior and the safety of road traffic in Croatia are insufficiently pronounced. The aim of this research is to determine the intensity of the use of mobile devices and to find to what extent would certain technical, technological and regulatory measures trigger a reduction in use.

The aim of research is proposal of the system architecture which enables the information delivery in traffic environment to a subset of users (persons with visual impairment, hearing impairment, locomotor impairment, the elderly, children and people with no disability). The purpose of service is to provide users with accurate and real-time information and raising the level of quality of life. The proposed information and communication system architecture is based on modern technologies, while the system architecture is based on Cloud Computing for the Blind concept ensuring 24/7 support for the delivery of services and safety of users. Solution is realized in the form of smart bracelet that uses sensors to collect data from the environment and forwards them for further processing. With simulation testing and experimental methods the work of proposed system is tested in laboratory and real-world environment which proved real-time information delivery to users. Having the ability to notify users in real time will increase the level of autonomy and safety while moving through traffic network.

This research on user requirements defines functionalities of the Web 2.0 systems for the targeted user group (elderly, people with impaired vision, hearing, speech, and neurodegenerative diseases - TUG) in order to improve the quality of their lives. For this purpose, there is a proposal of Web 2.0 technologies (HTML5 and PHP) whose functionalities allow dynamism and adaptability of information to the TUG. Architecture of solution is based on Cloud Computing (CC) technology which provides 24/7 support for provision of service and safety. Functionalities defined in this paper, are in fact a form of an assistive technology, which allows a registration of the TUG and enables a necessary adjustment of websites according to the degree of deficiency. Due to the functionalities listed within this paper, developed application solution allows the TUG to spend their third age in a dignified manner, providing them with the possibility to have more interaction with people and the opportunity to participate in various activities in their fields of interest.