Author: "Petr Schovanek" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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124 results on '"Petr Schovanek"'

1. Probing hadronic interactions using the latest data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Caterina Trimarelli, Pedro Abreu, Marco Aglietta, Ingomar Allekotte, Kévin Almeida Cheminant, Alejandro Almela, Jaime Alvarez-Muniz, Juan Ammerman Yebra, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Belén Andrada, Sofia Andringa, Carla Aramo, Paulo Ricardo Araújo Ferreira, Enrico Arnone, Juan Carlos Arteaga Velazquez, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, Pedro Assis, Gualberto Avila, Emanuele Avocone, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Alena Bakalova, Alexandru Balaceanu, Felicia Barbato, Jose A. Bellido, Corinne Berat, Mario Edoardo Bertaina, Gopal Bhatta, Peter L. Biermann, Virginia Binet, Kathrin Bismark, Teresa Bister, Jonathan Biteau, Jiri Blazek, Carla Bleve, Johannes Blümer, Martina Bohacova, Denise Boncioli, Carla Bonifazi, Luan Bonneau Arbeletche, Nataliia Borodai, Jeffrey Brack, Thomas Bretz, P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera, Florian Lukas Briechle, Peter Buchholz, Antonio Bueno, Stijn Buitink, Mario Buscemi, Max Büsken, Anthony Bwembya, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Ioana Caracas, Rossella Caruso, Antonella Castellina, Fernando Catalani, Gabriella Cataldi, Lorenzo Cazon, Marcos Cerda, Jose Augusto Chinellato, Jiří Chudoba, Ladislav Chytka, Roger W Clay, Agustín Cobos Cerutti, Roberta Colalillo, Alan Coleman, Maria Rita Coluccia, Rúben Conceição, Antonio Condorelli, Giovanni Consolati, Fernando Contreras, Fabio Convenga, Diego Correia dos Santos, Corbin Covault, Markus Cristinziani, Sergio Dasso, Kai Daumiller, Bruce R. Dawson, Jarryd A. Day, Rogerio M. de Almeida, Joaquin de Jesus, Sijbrand J. de Jong, João de Mello Neto, Ivan De Mitri, Jaime de Oliveira, Danelise de Oliveira Franco, Francesco de Palma, Vitor de Souza, Emanuele De Vito, Antonino Del Popolo, Olivier Deligny, Luca Deval, Armando di Matteo, Madalina Dobre, Carola Dobrigkeit, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, Maria Teresa Dova, Jan Ebr, Mohamed Eman, Ralph Engel, Italo Epicoco, Martin Erdmann, Carlos O. Escobar, Alberto Etchegoyen, Heino Falcke, John Farmer, Glennys R. Farrar, Anderson Campos Fauth, Norberto Fazzini, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Francesco Fenu, Brian Fick, Juan Manuel Figueira, Andrej Filipcic, Thomas Fitoussi, Tomáš Fodran, Toshihiro Fujii, Alan Fuster, Cristina Galea, Claudio Galelli, Beatriz García, Hartmut Gemmeke, Flavia Gesualdi, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Piera Luisa Ghia, Ugo GIACCARI, Marco Giammarchi, Jonas Glombitza, Fabian Gobbi, Fernando Gollan, Geraldina Golup, Mariano Gómez Berisso, Primo F. Gómez Vitale, Juan Pablo Gongora, Juan Manuel González, Nicolas Martin Gonzalez, Isabel Goos, Dariusz Gora, Alessio Gorgi, Marvin Gottowik, Trent D. Grubb, Fausto Guarino, Germano Guedes, Eleonora Guido, Steffen Traugott Hahn, Petr Hamal, Matías Rolf Hampel, Patricia María Hansen, Diego Harari, Violet M. Harvey, Andreas Haungs, Thomas Hebbeker, Dieter Heck, Carlos Hojvat, Jörg R. Hörandel, Pavel Horvath, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Tim Huege, Antonio Insolia, Paula Gina Isar, Petr Janecek, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Jakub Jurysek, Alex Kääpä, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Bianca Keilhauer, Abha Khakurdikar, Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam, Hans Klages, Matthias Kleifges, Jonny Kleinfeller, Felix Knapp, Norbert Kunka, Bruno L. Lago, Niklas Langner, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Vladimir Lenok, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon, Domenico Lo Presti, Luis LOPES, Rebeca López, Lu Lu, Quentin Luce, Jon Paul Lundquist, Allan Machado Payeras, Giovanni Mancarella, Dusan Mandat, Bradley C. Manning, Julien Manshanden, Paul Mantsch, Sullivan Marafico, Federico Maria Mariani, Analisa Mariazzi, Ioana Maris, Giovanni Marsella, Daniele Martello, Sara Martinelli, Oscar Martínez Bravo, Miguel Alexandre Martins, Massimo Mastrodicasa, Hermann-Josef Mathes, James Matthews, Giorgio Matthiae, Eric William Mayotte, Sonja Mayotte, Peter Mazur, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Diego Melo, Alexander Menshikov, Stanislav Michal, Maria Isabel Micheletti, Lino Miramonti, Silvia Mollerach, François Montanet, Leonel Morejon, Carlo Morello, Ana L. Müller, Katharine Mulrey, Roberto Mussa, Marco Stein Muzio, Wilson M. Namasaka, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, Lukas Nellen, Gabriela Nicora, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Marcus Niechciol, Dave Nitz, Ian Norwood, Dalibor Nosek, Vladimír Novotný, Libor Nozka, Achille Nucita, Luis A. Nunez, Cainã Oliveira, Miroslav Palatka, Juan Pallotta, Gonzalo Parente, Alejandra Parra, Jannis Pawlowsky, Miroslav Pech, Jan Pękala, Rodrigo Pelayo, Edyvania Emily Pereira Martins, Johnnier Perez Armand, Carmina Pérez Bertolli, Lorenzo Perrone, Sergio Petrera, Camilla Petrucci, Tanguy Pierog, Mário Pimenta, Manuel Platino, Bjarni Pont, Mart Pothast, Paolo Privitera, Michael Prouza, Andrew Puyleart, Sven Querchfeld, Julian Rautenberg, Diego Ravignani, Maximilian Reininghaus, Jan Ridky, Felix Riehn, Markus Risse, Vincenzo Rizi, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, Matías J. Roncoroni, Simone Rossoni, Markus Roth, Esteban Roulet, Adrian Rovero, Philip Ruehl, Alexandra Saftoiu, Mohit Saharan, Francesco Salamida, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Gaetano Salina, Jose Sanabria Gomez, Federico Andrés Sánchez, Edivaldo Moura Santos, Eva Santos, Fred Sarazin, Raul Sarmento, Ricardo Sato, Pierpaolo Savina, Christoph M. Schäfer, Viviana Scherini, Harald Schieler, Martin Schimassek, Michael Schimp, Felix Schlüter, David Schmidt, Olaf Scholten, Harm Schoorlemmer, Petr Schovanek, Frank G. Schröder, Josina Schulte, Tobias Schulz, Sergio J Sciutto, Marina Scornavacche, Alberto Segreto, Srijan Sehgal, Shima Ujjani Shivashankara, Guenter Sigl, Gaia Silli, Octavian Sima, Raluca Smau, Radomir Smida, Paul Sommers, Jorge F. Soriano, Ruben Squartini, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Denis Stanca, Samo Stanič, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Patrick Stassi, Maximilian Straub, Alexander Streich, Mauricio Suárez-Durán, Tristan Sudholz, Tiina Suomijarvi, A. Daniel Supanitsky, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Alex Tapia, Carla Taricco, Charles Timmermans, Olena Tkachenko, Petr Tobiska, Carlos J. Todero Peixoto, Bernardo Tomé, Zoé Torrès, Andres Travaini, Petr Travnicek, Matias Jorge Tueros, Ralf Ulrich, Michael Unger, Lukáš Vaclavek, Martin Vacula, Jose F. Valdés Galicia, Laura Valore, Enrique Varela, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Darko Veberic, Cynthia Ventura, Indira D. Vergara Quispe, Valerio Verzi, Jakub Vicha, Jacco Vink, Serguei Vorobiov, Hernan Wahlberg, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Alan Watson, Andreas Weindl, Lawrence Wiencke, Henryk Wilczyński, David Wittkowski, Brian Wundheiler, Alexey Yushkov, Orazio Zapparrata, Enrique Zas, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, and Lukas Zehrer
Published: 2022

2. Single-Shot Three-Dimensional Orientation Imaging of Nanorods Using Spin to Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion

Author: Martin Hrtoň, Tomáš Šikola, Zdeněk Bouchal, Petr Schovanek, Tomáš Fordey, Petr Dvořák, Filip Ligmajer, Radim Chmelík, Petr Bouchal, Michal Baránek, and Katarína Rovenská
Subjects: Diffraction, Angular momentum, Materials science, Orientation imaging, Space-variant polarization, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Rotation, 01 natural sciences, Nanorods Orientation imaging, Motion, Optics, Orientation (geometry), General Materials Science, Optical vortices, Nanotubes, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Light angular momentum, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Dark field microscopy, 0104 chemical sciences, Dark-field microscopy, Nanorods, Nanorod, Gold, 0210 nano-technology, business, Optical vortex
Abstract: The key information about any nanoscale system relates to the orientations and conformations of its parts. Unfortunately, these details are often hidden below the diffraction limit, and elaborate techniques must be used to optically probe them. Here we present imaging of the 3D rotation motion of metal nanorods, restoring the distinct nanorod orientations in the full extent of azimuthal and polar angles. The nanorods imprint their 3D orientation onto the geometric phase and space-variant polarization of the light they scatter. We manipulate the light angular momentum and generate optical vortices that create self-interference images providing the nanorods’ angles via digital processing. After calibration by scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated time-resolved 3D orientation imaging of sub-100 nm nanorods under Brownian motion (frame rate up to 500 fps). We also succeeded in imaging nanorods as nanoprobes in live-cell imaging and reconstructed their 3D rotational movement during interaction with the cell membrane (100 fps).
Published: 2021

3. Extraction of the Muon Signals Recorded with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Author: Jose Chinellato, Marvin Gottowik, Dariusz Gora, Eric Mayotte, A. Gorgi, M. Gómez Berisso, Alan Coleman, S. J. Saffi, Ioana Caracas, R. C. Shellard, R.J. Barreira Luz, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, Pavel Horvath, A. Letessier-Selvon, Mario Buscemi, G. De Mauro, A. Tapia, Jörg R. Hörandel, I. Lhenry-Yvon, P. Ruehl, L. Valore, H. Gemmeke, Lorenzo Cazon, C. Pérez Bertolli, M. Suárez-Durán, M. Unger, E. M. Santos, Sullivan Marafico, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Serguei Vorobiov, Marco Giammarchi, Jon Paul Lundquist, A. Menshikov, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, F. Pedreira, Sofia Andringa, Julien Manshanden, Andres Travaini, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Roberto Mussa, Frank G. Schröder, P.O. Mazur, Marina Scornavacche, Jonathan Biteau, F. Salamida, A. Yushkov, Paul Sommers, Maximilian Reininghaus, Raul Sarmento, Felix Schlüter, Fabian Gobbi, Ioana Codrina Maris, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, Martina Bohacova, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, Jakub Juryšek, John Farmer, D. Nitz, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, J. Rautenberg, M. Risse, Jonathan Blazek, Q. Luce, Juan Pablo Gongora, Alena Bakalova, K. Choi, Esteban Roulet, D. Melo, M. Schimp, H. J. Mathes, A. Puyleart, Stanislav Michal, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Orazio Zapparrata, B. C. Manning, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Maria-Teresa Dova, Markus Roth, R. Sato, Lourenco Lopes, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, G. Golup, N. Kunka, T. Bister, Maria Rita Coluccia, G. C. Hill, Maximilian Stadelmaier, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, N. Fazzini, Petr Hamal, Ana Martina Botti, Francesco Fenu, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Antonio Condorelli, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, M. Prouza, Justin M. Albury, P. L. Ghia, L. R. Wiencke, S. Schröder, Niklas Langner, Italo Epicoco, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, Jose J. Gonzalez, Dusan Mandat, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Enrique Zas, Lorenzo Caccianiga, L. Zehrer, Thomas Hebbeker, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, M. I. Micheletti, J. Chudoba, F. Riehn, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, V. Novotny, A.L. Garcia Vegas, C. M. Schäfer, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, François Montanet, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Fernando Contreras, Valerio Verzi, B. Tome, Martín Miguel Freire, Rossella Caruso, B. L. Lago, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, Bjarni Pont, E.E. Pereira Martins, J. de Oliveira, J. Pȩkala, Alejandro Almela, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Brian Fick, Josina Schulte, V. Pirronello, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, Martin Vacula, Julian Kemp, Philipp Papenbreer, Rúben Conceição, M. E. Bertaina, Alan Watson, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, G. Marsella, Petr Travnicek, Paula Gina Isar, Peter Hansen, W. M. Namasaka, M. Mastrodicasa, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, David Wittkowski, Lukáš Vaclavek, Belén Andrada, A. C. Rovero, Eleonora Guido, G. Mancarella, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, B. Keilhauer, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, Trent D. Grubb, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Heino Falcke, Alexandru Balaceanu, Vladimir Lenok, P. Tobiska, L. Perrone, Alex Kääpä, Magdalena Cerdá, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, Carla Aramo, Matías J. Roncoroni, S. J. Sciutto, R.C. dos Anjos, A. G. Mariazzi, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Vincenzo Rizi, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, J. Vicha, Hernán Asorey, A. Di Matteo, Juan Miguel Carceller, Silvia Mollerach, Flavia Gesualdi, Tomáš Fodran, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, M. Palatka, Xavier Bertou, Marco Aglietta, O. Martínez Bravo, B. Wundheiler, A. Zepeda, Miroslav Hrabovský, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, L. Lu, H. Schieler, Ugo Giaccari, N. González, A. Segreto, J. F. Soriano, Günter Sigl, Antonella Castellina, A. Haungs, P. Stassi, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, Thomas Bretz, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, Kai Daumiller, F. Sanchez, Petr Janecek, Corbin Covault, F. Sarazin, Srijan Sehgal, Matías Rolf Hampel, Fernando Gollan, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, F. de Palma, P. Mantsch, Lino Miramonti, V. de Souza, D. de Oliveira Franco, G. Matthiae, Z. Szadkowski, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, P. Savina, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Antonio Bueno, G. Farrar, T. Huege, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, R. M. de Almeida, Gualberto Avila, Octavian Sima, Nataliia Borodai, Miguel Mostafa, A. Fuster, Samo Stanič, D. Lo Presti, D. Correia dos Santos, Isabel Goos, D. Heck, Rodrigo Pelayo, S. J. De Jong, L. Nellen, L. Anchordoqui, A. Taboada, Stijn Buitink, Katie Mulrey, M. del Río, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, P.F. Gómez Vitale, C. Morello, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, T. Suomijärvi, D. Nosek, E. Santos, J. Pallotta, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, A. Weindl, Peter L. Biermann, David Schmidt, Paolo Privitera, Hernan Wahlberg, Darko Veberič, A. Parra, M. Schimassek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Jacco Vink, H.O. Klages, M. Trini, A. A. Nucita, J. Kleinfeller, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, A.D. Supanitsky, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, I. Allekotte, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, I.D. Vergara Quispe, J. Stasielak, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, Denise Boncioli, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, Florian Lukas Briechle, A. Aab, K. H. Kampert, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, J. Perez Armand, Carla Taricco, C. Trimarelli, Matias Tueros, Claudio Galelli, B. García, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Luis A. Nunez, Marcus Niechciol, Martin Erdmann, J. de Jesús, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, Roger W Clay, S. Querchfeld, Olena Tkachenko, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Ladislav Chytka, J. Hulsman, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Zavrtanik, E. De Vito, Giovanni Consolati, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Petr Schovanek, Denis Stanca, H. Wilczyński, Ralf Ulrich, L. Nožka, Physics, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Batista, R. A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. A., Velazquez, J. C. A., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. B., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. B., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Orchera, P. G. B., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., dos Santos, D. C., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesus, J., de Jong, S. J., de Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., de Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Vito, E., del Rio, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Vegas, A. L. G., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. G., Vitale, P. F. G., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kopke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. L., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. M., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Martins, E. E. P., Armand, J. P., Bertolli, C. P., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. R., Rojo, J. R., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. S., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Supik, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. T., Tome, B., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. V., Valore, L., Varela, E., Varma, V., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. V., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Alvarez-Mu??iz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ara??jo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Vel??zquez, J. C., Barreira Luz, R. J., Boh????ov??, M., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Concei????o, R., Correia dos Santos, D., de Jes??s, J., De Mauro, G., De Mitri, I., De Vito, E., del R??o, M., Filip??i??, A., Garc??a, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., G??mez Berisso, M., G??mez Vitale, P. F., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gonz??lez, N., G??ra, D., H??randel, J. R., Hrabovsk??, M., K????p??, A., K??pke, M., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., L??pez, R., Machado Payeras, A., Mari??, I. C., Mart??nez Bravo, O., Mostaf??, M., M??ller, A. L., No??ka, L., N????ez, L. A., P??kala, J., Pe??a-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., P??rez Bertolli, C., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., S??nchez, F., Sch??fer, C. M., Schl??ter, F., Schov??nek, P., Schr??der, F. G., Schr??der, S., m??da, R., Stani??, S., Su??rez-Dur??n, M., Suomij??rvi, T., up??k, J., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tom??, B., Vald??s Galicia, J. F., Varma K. C., V., V??squez-Ram??rez, A., Veberi??, D., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Wilczy??ski, H., High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Batista R.A., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Ferreira P.R.A., Velazquez J.C.A., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Luz R.J.B., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Arbeletche L.B., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Orchera P.G.B., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cerutti A.C.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., dos Santos D.C., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., de Almeida R.M., de Jesus J., de Jong S.J., de Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., de Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Oliveira Franco D., de Palma F., de Souza V., de Vito E., del Rio M., Deligny O., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Vegas A.L.G., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Berisso M.G., Vitale P.F.G., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez J.M., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Hamal P., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Janecek P., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Kunka N., Lago B.L., Lang R.G., Langner N., de Oliveira M.A.L., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lu L., Luce Q., Lucero A., Lundquist J.P., Payeras A.M., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Bravo O.M., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nasr-Esfahani A., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pekala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Martins E.E.P., Armand J.P., Bertolli C.P., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Rizi V., de Carvalho W.R., Rojo J.R., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Gomez J.D.S., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Segreto A., Sehgal S., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Taricco C., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Peixoto C.J.T., Tome B., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Galicia J.F.V., Valore L., Varela E., Varma V., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Quispe I.D.V., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watanabe C., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., and Zepeda A.
Subjects: Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Electron, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Auger, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), mass [cosmic radiation], surface [detector], Observatory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], photon: cosmic radiation, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, AGASA, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, cosmic radiation [photon], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], electromagnetic [showers], observatory, cosmic radiation [electron], Analysis and statistical methods, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Analysis and statistical method, performance, positron: cosmic radiation, atmosphere [showers], Cherenkov detector, data analysis method, Calibration and fitting methods, Cherenkov detectors, Cluster finding, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Pattern recognition, Cherenkov counter: water, air, neural network, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, cosmic radiation [positron], cosmic radiation: mass, Calibration and fitting method, Nuclear physics, statistical analysis, 0103 physical sciences, showers: electromagnetic, ddc:530, ddc:610, High Energy Physics, 010306 general physics, Zenith, Pierre Auger Observatory, cosmic radiation [muon], Muon, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, detector: surface, hep-ex, water [Cherenkov counter], electron: cosmic radiation, Recurrent neural network, muon: cosmic radiation, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, RAIOS CÓSMICOS, experimental results
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory, at present the largest cosmic-ray observatory ever built, is instrumented with a ground array of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, known as the Surface Detector (SD). The SD samples the secondary particle content (mostly photons, electrons, positrons and muons) of extensive air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies ranging from $10^{17}~$eV up to more than $10^{20}~$eV. Measuring the independent contribution of the muon component to the total registered signal is crucial to enhance the capability of the Observatory to estimate the mass of the cosmic rays on an event-by-event basis. However, with the current design of the SD, it is difficult to straightforwardly separate the contributions of muons to the SD time traces from those of photons, electrons and positrons. In this paper, we present a method aimed at extracting the muon component of the time traces registered with each individual detector of the SD using Recurrent Neural Networks. We derive the performances of the method by training the neural network on simulations, in which the muon and the electromagnetic components of the traces are known. We conclude this work showing the performance of this method on experimental data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We find that our predictions agree with the parameterizations obtained by the AGASA collaboration to describe the lateral distributions of the electromagnetic and muonic components of extensive air showers., Comment: Published version, 23 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2022

4. Upgraded Cherenkov time-of-flight detector for the AFP project

Author: Libor Nozka, Giulio Avoni, Elzbieta Banas, Andrew Brandt, Karel Cerny, Paul M. Davis, Serge Duarte Pinto, Vjaceslav Georgiev, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Tomas Komarek, Krzysztof Korcyl, Ivan Lopez-Paz, Marko Milovanovic, Goran Mladenovic, Dmitry A. Orlov, Michael Rijssenbeek, Petr Schovanek, Tomas Sykora, Maciej Trzebinski, Vladimir Urbasek, and Jan Zich
Subjects: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: We present the results of our performance studies of the upgraded Cherenkov time-of-flight (ToF) detector for the AFP (ATLAS Forward Proton) project. The latest version consists of solid L-shaped fused silica bars, new customized ALD-coated micro-channel plate photomultipliers (MCP-PMTs) miniPlanacon XPM85112-S-R2D2 with an extended lifetime which operate at low gains (order of 103), and an updated construction. The improvements were aimed to increase the efficiency, the lifetime as well as the radiation hardness of the detector which has been designed to operate in high radiation areas (above 400 kGy/year). The detector was finally tested at the CERN-SPS test-beam facility (120 GeV π+ particles) in August 2021 prior to its installation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Measurements proved the detector kept its inner timing resolution of 20 ps despite the rather low gain of its photodetector and reduced optical throughput caused by inevitable changes in the detector geometry.
Published: 2023

5. Recent results from prototypes of the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) in both hemispheres

Author: Toshihiro Fujii, Justin Albury, Fraser Bradfield, Jose A. Bellido, Ladislav Chytka, John Farmer, Petr Hamal, Pavel Horvath, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Hiromu Iwasaki, Vlastimil Jilek, Jakub Kmec, Jiri Kvita, Max Malacari, Dusan Mandat, Massimo Mastrodicasa, John N. Matthews, Stanislav Michal, Hiromu Nagasawa, Hiroki Namba, Xiaochen Ni, Libor Nozka, Tomohiko Oka, Miroslav Palatka, Miroslav Pech, Paolo Privitera, Petr Schovanek, Francesco Salamida, Radomir Smida, Zuzana Svozilikova, Stan B. Thomas, Akimichi Taketa, Kenta Terauchi, Petr Travnicek, and Martin Vacula
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: The origin and nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are of uppermost importance in astroparticle physics. Motivated by the need for an unprecedented aperture for further advancements, the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a prospective next-generation, ground-based UHECR observatory that aims to cover an enormous area by deploying a large array of low-cost fluorescence telescopes. The full-scale FAST prototype consists of four 20 cm photomultiplier tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror 1.6 m in diameter. Three FAST prototypes have been installed at the Telescope Array Experiment in Utah, USA, and two prototypes at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Mendoza, Argentina, commencing remote observation of UHECRs in both hemispheres. We report on recent results of the full-scale FAST prototypes operated in both hemispheres, including telescope calibrations, atmospheric monitoring, ongoing electronics upgrades, development of sophisticated reconstruction methods and UHECR detections.
Published: 2023

6. EUSO-SPB2 Telescope Optics and Testing

Author: Petr Schovanek, Angela V. Olinto, Patrick J. Reardon, Julianna Desiato, Miroslav Pech, Chantal Wang, Johannes Eser, William Finch, Randy Bachman, Viktoria Kungel, Madeline Dawes, Lindsey Huelett, Jerod Brewster, Justin Pace, and Lawrence Wiencke
Subjects: Point spread function, Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Laser, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Lidar, law, Calibration, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: The Extreme Universe Space Observatory - Super Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB2) mission will fly two custom telescopes that feature Schmidt optics to measure \v{C}erenkov- and fluorescence-emission of extensive air-showers from cosmic rays at the PeV and EeV-scale, and search for tau-neutrinos. Both telescopes have 1-meter diameter apertures and UV/UV-visible sensitivity. The \v{C}erenkov telescope uses a bifocal mirror segment alignment, to distinguish between a direct cosmic ray that hits the camera versus the \v{C}erenkov light from outside the telescope. Telescope integration and laboratory calibration will be performed in Colorado. To estimate the point spread function and efficiency of the integrated telescopes, a test beam system that delivers a 1-meter diameter parallel beam of light is being fabricated. End-to-end tests of the fully integrated instruments will be carried out in a field campaign at dark sites in the Utah desert using cosmic rays, stars, and artificial light sources. Laser tracks have long been used to characterize the performance of fluorescence detectors in the field. For EUSO-SPB2 an improvement in the method that includes a correction for aerosol attenuation is anticipated by using a bi-dynamic Lidar configuration in which both the laser and the telescope are steerable. We plan to conduct these field tests in Fall 2021 and Spring 2022 to accommodate the scheduled launch of EUSO-SPB2 in 2023 from Wanaka, New Zealand.
Published: 2021

7. The FRAM robotic telescope for atmospheric monitoring at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Jose Chinellato, Ioana Caracas, Lorenzo Cazon, C. Pérez Bertolli, Ioana Codrina Maris, Marina Scornavacche, R. Ulrich, G. C. Hill, Jorge F. Soriano, Ralph Engel, M. Risse, H. J. Mathes, J. Ridky, Xavier Bertou, G. Marsella, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, M. Unger, Tomáš Fodran, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, Stanislav Michal, Jonathan Blazek, Ugo Giaccari, J. Kleinfeller, K. Choi, Julien Manshanden, Andres Travaini, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, Denis Stanca, Florian Lukas Briechle, F. Canfora, G. Farrar, Antonio Condorelli, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, G. De Mauro, Silvia Mollerach, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Alena Bakalova, G. Matthiae, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Enrique Zas, Marvin Gottowik, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, R.J. Barreira Luz, G. P. Guedes, G. Parente, L. Zehrer, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Jörg R. Hörandel, Paul Sommers, P. Kubánek, Flavia Gesualdi, Fernando Contreras, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Belén Andrada, P. Tobiska, Antonio Bueno, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, J. Chudoba, Valerio Pirronello, Gualberto Avila, B. García, Lukáš Vaclavek, Toshihiro Fujii, Dariusz Gora, Eric Mayotte, A. Zepeda, R. López, G. Mancarella, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, Matías J. Roncoroni, Martina Bohacova, A. Aab, J. Biteau, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, A.L. Garcia Vegas, B. Keilhauer, J. de Oliveira, A.D. Supanitsky, M. Gómez Berisso, Jakub Juryšek, Alejandro Almela, R. C. Shellard, S. J. Sciutto, A. Di Matteo, Alan Coleman, S. J. Saffi, B. Wundheiler, Marcel Köpke, Martin Erdmann, J. de Jesús, Juan Miguel Carceller, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, John Farmer, Serguei Vorobiov, M. Platino, Maria Rita Coluccia, Carla Taricco, M. Prouza, G. Cataldi, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, D. Nitz, Juan Pablo Gongora, F. Pedreira, M. I. Micheletti, F. Salamida, M. Wirtz, Petr Hamal, B. L. Lago, P. Ruehl, Fred Sarazin, Thomas Bretz, A. Taboada, V. Scherini, A. Yushkov, Roger W Clay, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Matias Tueros, Raul Sarmento, D. Melo, Mario Buscemi, Thomas Hebbeker, Maria-Teresa Dova, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Martin Vacula, Felix Schlüter, Magdalena Cerdá, E.E. Pereira Martins, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, K. H. Kampert, T. Pierog, Fabian Gobbi, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Hernán Asorey, Martín Miguel Freire, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Heino Falcke, Maximilian Reininghaus, L. R. Wiencke, Niklas Langner, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, Petr Janecek, Brian Fick, M. Suárez-Durán, J. Vicha, Corbin Covault, Darko Veberič, Matías Rolf Hampel, Esteban Roulet, Rúben Conceição, R. Sato, Paula Gina Isar, J. Rautenberg, D. Nosek, F. Riehn, L. Nožka, Lourenco Lopes, M. Roth, S. Karpov, J. Perez Armand, E. Santos, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Q. Luce, Gaia Silli, Dusan Mandat, Justin M. Albury, A. Filipčič, T. Huege, F. Sanchez, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Frank G. Schröder, Lino Miramonti, Luis A. Nunez, A. Gorgi, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Marcio Aparecido Muller, M. Zavrtanik, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, A. Fuster, L. Valore, I. De Mitri, Jeffrey Brack, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, W. M. Namasaka, M. Mastrodicasa, D. de Oliveira Franco, K. C. V. Varma, E. De Vito, Olaf Scholten, Marcus Niechciol, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, C. M. Schäfer, A. C. Rovero, Giovanni Consolati, R.C. dos Anjos, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, E. M. Santos, A. Weindl, Bjarni Pont, Alexandru Balaceanu, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Roberto Mussa, Lorenzo Caccianiga, G. Golup, M. Palatka, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, C. Trimarelli, N. Kunka, H. Wilczyński, Claudio Galelli, L. Lu, Juan Manuel González, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, P.O. Mazur, Julien Souchard, V. Novotny, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, D. Lo Presti, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, D. Martello, S. J. De Jong, A. Tapia, Petr Schovanek, O. Martínez Bravo, Piera Luisa Ghia, T. Bister, Jon Paul Lundquist, A. Menshikov, H. Gemmeke, David Schmidt, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, M. Schimassek, François Montanet, Miguel Mostafa, Julian Kemp, S. Querchfeld, Sullivan Marafico, Olena Tkachenko, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Valerio Verzi, Eleonora Guido, L. Nellen, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, Marco Giammarchi, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Octavian Sima, M. Mašek, B. Tome, C. Morello, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Jacco Vink, Alex Kääpä, Philipp Papenbreer, Samo Stanič, H.O. Klages, Petr Travnicek, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, Trent D. Grubb, Ladislav Chytka, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Cunniffe, N. González, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Peter L. Biermann, Juan Manuel Figueira, Isabel Goos, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, J. Stasielak, Kai Daumiller, H. Schieler, Paolo Privitera, A. A. Nucita, Antonella Castellina, D. Heck, M. del Río, I. Ebrová, Denise Boncioli, P. Savina, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, M. Jelínek, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Nataliia Borodai, A. Segreto, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, J. Hulsman, Günter Sigl, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, P. Stassi, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, J. Eliášek, G. Medina-Tanco, Srijan Sehgal, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, Fernando Gollan, F. de Palma, Pavel Horvath, V. de Souza, Sofia Andringa, M. Schimp, B. C. Manning, Ana Martina Botti, Francesco Fenu, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, Josina Schulte, Peter Hansen, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, J. Pkala, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Marco Aglietta, R. M. de Almeida, D. Correia dos Santos, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, Katie Mulrey, Orazio Zapparrata, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, M. E. Bertaina, Alan Watson, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, I.D. Vergara Quispe, Hernan Wahlberg, A. Parra, M. Trini, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, I. Allekotte, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Mu??iz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ara??jo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Vel??zquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boh????ov??, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Concei????o, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jes??s, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., del R??o, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filip??i??, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garc??a, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., G??mez Berisso, M., G??mez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gonz??lez, N., Goos, I., G??ra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., H??randel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsk??, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., K????p??, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., K??pke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., L??pez, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mari??, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Mart??nez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostaf??, M., M??ller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., No??ka, L., Nucita, A., N????ez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., P??kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pe??a-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., P??rez Bertolli, C., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., S??nchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Sch??fer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schl??ter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schov??nek, P., Schr??der, F. G., Schr??der, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., m??da, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stani??, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Su??rez-Dur??n, M., Sudholz, T., Suomij??rvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., up??k, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tom??, B., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Vald??s Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Varma K. C., V., V??squez-Ram??rez, A., Veberi??, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczy??ski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Cunniffe, R., Eli????ek, J., Ebrov??, I., Jel??nek, M., Karpov, S., Kub??nek, P., Ma??ek, M., Pierre Auger Collaboration, T., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Araujo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Velazquez, J. C., Bohacova, M., Conceicao, R., Correia Dos Santos, D., De Almeida, R. M., De Jesus, J., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Oliveira, J., De Oliveira Franco, D., De Palma, F., De Souza, V., Del Rio, M., Dos Anjos, R. C., Filipcic, A., Garcia, B., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Gora, D., Horandel, J. R., Hrabovsky, M., Kaapa, A., Kopke, M., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Lopez, R., Maris, I. C., Martinez Bravo, O., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Nozka, L., Nunez, L. A., Pkala, J., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Perez Bertolli, C., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Sanchez, F., Schafer, C. M., Schluter, F., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Smida, R., Stanic, S., Suarez-Duran, M., Suomijarvi, T., Supik, J., Tome, B., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Varma, K. C. V., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Wilczynski, H., Eliasek, J., Ebrova, I., Jelinek, M., Kubanek, P., Masek, M., Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Pierre Auger Collaboration T., Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Alves Batista R., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Araujo Ferreira P.R., Arteaga Velazquez J.C., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Barreira Luz R.J., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Bonneau Arbeletche L., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Brichetto Orchera P.G., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cobos Cerutti A.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Correia Dos Santos D., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., De Almeida R.M., De Jesus J., De Jong S.J., De Mauro G., De Mello Neto J.R.T., De Mitri I., De Oliveira J., De Oliveira Franco D., De Palma F., De Souza V., De Vito E., Del Rio M., Deligny O., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Garcia Vegas A.L., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Gomez Berisso M., Gomez Vitale P.F., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez J.M., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Hamal P., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Janecek P., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Kunka N., Lago B.L., Lang R.G., Langner N., Leigui De Oliveira M.A., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lu L., Luce Q., Lucero A., Lundquist J.P., Machado Payeras A., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Martinez Bravo O., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nasr-Esfahani A., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pkala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Pereira Martins E.E., Perez Armand J., Perez Bertolli C., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Rizi V., Rodrigues De Carvalho W., Rodriguez Rojo J., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Segreto A., Sehgal S., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Taricco C., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tome B., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Valdes Galicia J.F., Valore L., Varela E., Varma K.C.V., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watanabe C., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., Cunniffe R., Eliasek J., Ebrova I., Jelinek M., Karpov S., Kubanek P., Masek M., and Physics
Subjects: Astronomy, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Optics, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs, CMOS imagers, etc), Real-time monitoring, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Successful operation, Observatory, optical, APDs, hardware, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Photon detectors for UV, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, EBCCDs, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Si-PMTs, observatory, Robotic telescope, G-APDs, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Sciences exactes et naturelles, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, programming, detector: fluorescence, Photometry (optics), 0103 physical sciences, ddc:610, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], High Energy Physics, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, CMOS imagers, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Remote sensing, etc), fluorescence [detector], Pierre Auger Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Active monitoring, CCDs, laser, monitoring, EMCCDs, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, atmosphere, Experimental High Energy Physics, Optic, Environmental science, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], RAIOS CÓSMICOS, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: FRAM (F/Photometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) is a robotic telescope operated at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina for the purposes of atmospheric monitoring using stellar photometry. As a passive system which does not produce any light that could interfere with the observations of the fluorescence telescopes of the observatory, it complements the active monitoring systems that use lasers. We discuss the applications of stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring at optical observatories in general and the particular modes of operation employed by the Auger FRAM. We describe in detail the technical aspects of FRAM, the hardware and software requirements for a successful operation of a robotic telescope for such a purpose and their implementation within the FRAM system., Published version, 27 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2021

8. Swing arm profilometer as a tool for measuring the shape of large optical surfaces

Author: Stanislav Michal, Pavel Horvath, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Ladislav Chytka, Dusan Mandat, Libor Nozka, Miroslav Palatka, Miroslav Pech, Petr Schovanek, and Martin Vacula
Subjects: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published: 2022

9. Latest results of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray measurements with prototypes of the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST)

Author: Akimichi Taketa, Massimo Mastrodicasa, Petr Hamal, Seiya Nozaki, Stanislav Michal, Radomir Smida, John Farmer, Paolo Privitera, Miroslav Palatka, Toshihiro Fujii, P. Travnicek, Tomohiko Oka, Dusan Mandat, Jose A. Bellido, Martin Vacula, Jiri Kvita, Stan B. Thomas, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Petr Schovanek, Libor Nozka, Justin M. Albury, Seokhyun Yoo, Miroslav Pech, Hidetoshi Kubo, Xiaochen Ni, John N. Matthews, Pavel Horvath, Ladislav Chytka, Max Malacari, Francesco Salamida, and Kenta Terauchi
Subjects: Astroparticle physics, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), business.industry, Aperture, Segmented mirror, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Observatory, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: The origin and nature of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain an open question in astroparticle physics. Motivated by the need for an unprecedented aperture for further advancements, the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a prospective next-generation, ground-based UHECR observatory that aims to cover a huge area by deploying a large array of low-cost fluorescence detectors. The full-scale FAST prototype consists of four 20 cm photomultiplier tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror 1.6 m in diameter. Over the last five years, three prototypes have been installed at the Telescope Array Experiment in Utah, USA, and one prototype at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Mendoza, Argentina, commencing remote observation of UHECRs in both hemispheres. We report on the latest results of these FAST prototypes, including telescope calibrations, atmospheric monitoring, ongoing electronics upgrades, development of sophisticated reconstruction methods, and UHECR detections., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. The POEMMA (Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics) observatory

Author: Patrick J. Reardon, P. Bertone, A. Anzalone, Y. Takizawa, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Ke Fang, S. Mackovjak, M. Bagheri, Roberto Aloisio, M. E. Bertaina, S. S. Meyer, G. Filippatos, Ralf Ulrich, D. Barghini, Douglas Bergman, Jane Nachtman, Yasar Onel, Fred Sarazin, R. Young, E. G. Judd, Mark Christl, D. Winn, K. Shinozaki, Angela V. Olinto, Miroslav Pech, P. Picozza, L. Marcelli, E. Hays, G. Prévôt, M. Battisti, Dusan Mandat, Floyd W. Stecker, F. Oikonomou, Z. Plebaniak, A. Haungs, Jorge F. Soriano, Ralph Engel, A. N. Otte, John Mitchell, Francesco Fenu, Johannes Eser, Mauricio Bustamante, Petr Schovanek, Eliza Gazda, M. Ricci, Mikhail Zotov, Rossella Caruso, Andrii Neronov, E. Parizot, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Valentina Scotti, V. Kungel, A. L. Cummings, F. Cafagna, Pavel Klimov, Marco Casolino, James H. Adams, C. Guepin, G. Osteria, E. Kuznetsov, O. Romero Matamala, I. De Mitri, K. Černý, J. S. Perkins, Tonia M. Venters, R. Diesing, T. Paul, L. R. Wiencke, G. Medina-Tanco, Mary Hall Reno, John F. Krizmanic, H. Miyamoto, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Julie McEnery, Francesca Bisconti, M. Unger, Collaboration, P., Olinto, A. V., Krizmanic, J., Adams, J. H., Aloisio, R., Anchordoqui, L. A., Anzalone, A., Bagheri, M., Barghini, D., Battisti, M., Bergman, D. R., Bertaina, M. E., Bertone, P. F., Bisconti, F., Bustamante, M., Cafagna, F., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cerny, K., Christl, M. J., Cummings, A. L., De Mitri, I., Diesing, R., Engel, R., Eser, J., Fang, K., Fenu, F., Filippatos, G., Gazda, E., Guepin, C., Haungs, A., Hays, E. A., Judd, E. G., Klimov, P., Kungel, V., Kuznetsov, E., Mackovjak, S., Mandat, D., Marcelli, L., Mcenery, J., Medina-Tanco, G., Merenda, K. -D., Meyer, S. S., Mitchell, J. W., Miyamoto, H., Nachtman, J. M., Neronov, A., Oikonomou, F., Onel, Y., Osteria, G., Otte, A. N., Parizot, E., Paul, T., Pech, M., Perkins, J. S., Picozza, P., Piotrowski, L. W., Plebaniak, Z., Prevot, G., Reardon, P., Reno, M. H., Ricci, M., Romero Matamala, O., Sarazin, F., Schovanek, P., Scotti, V., Shinozaki, K., Soriano, J. F., Stecker, F., Takizawa, Y., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Venters, T. M., Wiencke, L., Winn, D., Young, R. M., Zotov, M., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), POEMMA, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: air: fluorescence, cosmic rays detectors, neutrino astronomy, ultra high energy cosmic rays, ultra high energy photons and neutrinos, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, neutrino: flux, ultra high energy cosmic ray, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Observatory, law, ultraviolet, optical, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Cherenkov, orbit, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, formation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Schmidt camera, neutrino: UHE, observatory, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], cosmic rays detector, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, neutrino/tau, showers: atmosphere, hybrid, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, detector: surface, Astronomy and Astrophysics, neutrino: particle source, sensitivity, messenger, 13. Climate action, Neutrino astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is designed to accurately observe ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and cosmic neutrinos from space with sensitivity over the full celestial sky. POEMMA will observe the extensive air showers (EASs) from UHECRs and UHE neutrinos above 20 EeV via air fluorescence. Additionally, POEMMA will observe the Cherenkov signal from upward-moving EASs induced by Earth-interacting tau neutrinos above 20 PeV. The POEMMA spacecraft are designed to quickly re-orientate to follow up transient neutrino sources and obtain unparalleled neutrino flux sensitivity. Developed as a NASA Astrophysics Probe-class mission, POEMMA consists of two identical satellites flying in loose formation in 525 km altitude orbits. Each POEMMA instrument incorporates a wide field-of-view (45$^\circ$) Schmidt telescope with over 6 m$^2$ of collecting area. The hybrid focal surface of each telescope includes a fast (1~$\mu$s) near-ultraviolet camera for EAS fluorescence observations and an ultrafast (10~ns) optical camera for Cherenkov EAS observations. In a 5-year mission, POEMMA will provide measurements that open new multi-messenger windows onto the most energetic events in the universe, enabling the study of new astrophysics and particle physics at these otherwise inaccessible energies., Comment: 66 pages, 53 figures; JCAP accepted version
Published: 2021

11. Measurement of the Fluctuations in the Number of Muons in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: H. J. Mathes, Stanislav Michal, Miroslav Pech, Antonio Condorelli, M. Pothast, Pavel Horvath, A.L. Garcia Vegas, W. M. Namasaka, A. C. Rovero, M. Risse, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, B. Andrada, Alexandru Balaceanu, Jonathan Blazek, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Julien Souchard, Sofia Andringa, Enrique Zas, Magdalena Cerdá, Hernán Asorey, I. De Mitri, D. Martello, David Wittkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, K. Mulrey, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, Fernando Contreras, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, L. Zehrer, L. Lopes, Tomáš Fodran, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Flavia Gesualdi, G. Kukec Mezek, G. Marsella, Valerio Pirronello, R. Lorek, G. De Mauro, M. Unger, Ugo Giaccari, Silvia Mollerach, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, Dariusz Gora, M. E. Bertaina, Jon Paul Lundquist, A. Menshikov, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, C. J. Todero Peixoto, M. Zavrtanik, Lukáš Vaclavek, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Jörg R. Hörandel, B. Keilhauer, Marcus Niechciol, A. C. Fauth, Teresa Bister, J. Chudoba, Alan Coleman, B. Tome, Josina Schulte, S. J. Saffi, Tobias Winchen, Julian Kemp, S. J. Sciutto, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Florian Lukas Briechle, Peter Hansen, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Marvin Gottowik, Julien Manshanden, G. Cataldi, E. De Vito, F. Guarino, John Matthews, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Nataliia Borodai, V. Scherini, Paul Sommers, Peter Buchholz, Andres Travaini, Giovanni Consolati, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Juan Miguel Carceller, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, R. M. de Almeida, P. Tobiska, Alex Kääpä, F. Pedreira, Carla Bonifazi, D. Lo Presti, Jose A. Bellido, S. J. De Jong, Marco Aglietta, Vladimir Lenok, Eric Mayotte, Raul Sarmento, Fabio Convenga, M. M. Freire, Felix Schlüter, H. Wilczyński, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Fabian Gobbi, Jose Chinellato, F. Sánchez, Serguei Vorobiov, L. Perrone, Alena Bakalova, E. M. Santos, D. Nitz, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, Petr Schovanek, Valerio Verzi, A. Fuster, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Octavian Sima, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, G. Torralba Elipe, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, G. Matthiae, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Antonio Bueno, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, H. Schieler, Antonella Castellina, Maria Rita Coluccia, A. Di Matteo, M. Schimp, B. Wundheiler, B. C. Manning, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A.D. Supanitsky, Fred Sarazin, J. Pȩkala, Ioana Caracas, A. Letessier-Selvon, B. García, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, P.O. Mazur, Thomas Bretz, Lorenzo Cazon, Darko Veberič, Mario Buscemi, Roberto Mussa, T. Huege, I.D. Vergara Quispe, G. Medina-Tanco, R. Halliday, L. Valore, J. Rautenberg, Jeffrey Brack, Günter Sigl, Olaf Scholten, F. Riehn, Marina Scornavacche, Corbin Covault, Jonathan Biteau, Francesco Fenu, Xavier Bertou, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, L. R. Wiencke, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, Niklas Langner, S. Querchfeld, Olena Tkachenko, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Gualberto Avila, Q. Luce, M. Suárez-Durán, Maximilian Reininghaus, A. Zepeda, Brian Fick, Nicolás González, P. Stassi, Ladislav Chytka, Lino Miramonti, Ioana Codrina Maris, Pedro Assis, François Montanet, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, Martin Erdmann, J. de Jesús, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Sullivan Marafico, Miguel Mostafa, P. Ruehl, D. de Oliveira Franco, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Dusan Mandat, J. Stasielak, J. Hulsman, J. Kleinfeller, G. C. Hill, Marco Giammarchi, M. Wirtz, Frank G. Schröder, Eleonora Guido, Roger W Clay, Jorge F. Soriano, Ralph Engel, Denis Stanca, C. M. Schäfer, Fernando Gollan, Massimo Mastrodicasa, Hernan Wahlberg, L. Nellen, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Samo Stanič, K. H. Kampert, J. Ridky, R.J. Barreira Luz, Martin Vacula, John Farmer, C. Morello, Heino Falcke, A. Puyleart, V. de Souza, R. Conceição, Miroslav Hrabovský, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Isabel Goos, Luis A. Anchordoqui, A. Parra, J. Perez Armand, Kai Daumiller, D. Heck, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, J. Vicha, A. Haungs, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, Peter L. Biermann, Philipp Papenbreer, M. Schimassek, M. del Río, C. Hojvat, Petr Travnicek, Jan Ebr, Claudio Galelli, Denise Boncioli, Trent D. Grubb, Paolo Privitera, P. Ristori, Jacco Vink, M. Trini, H.O. Klages, M. A. Muller, Markus Roth, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, P. Savina, A. Aab, A. A. Nucita, Ralf Ulrich, Martina Bohacova, M. I. Micheletti, B. L. Lago, R.C. dos Anjos, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Giovanni Mancarella, Juan Pablo Gongora, M. Palatka, P. Mantsch, A. Cancio, Z. Szadkowski, Matias Tueros, Luis A. Nunez, Paula Gina Isar, F. Salamida, V. Novotny, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, T. Suomijärvi, Caterina Trimarelli, A. Yushkov, D. Melo, D. Nosek, E. Santos, R. Sato, J. Pallotta, A. M. Botti, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, G. P. Guedes, Alessio Gorgi, A. Weindl, L. Nožka, Toshihiro Fujii, Orazio Zapparrata, Jakub Juryšek, J. Debatin, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Esteban Roulet, Justin M. Albury, Alan Watson, David Schmidt, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Piera Luisa Ghia, G. Farrar, A. Taboada, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, M. Prouza, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, Bjarni Pont, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, K. Choi, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Aab, A, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Albury, J M, Allekotte, I, Almela, A, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Alves Batista, R, Anastasi, G A, Anchordoqui, L, 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Phys (API, FNWI), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Physics, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araujo Ferreira, P. R., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., De Almeida, R. M., De Jesus, J., De Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Oliveira Franco, D., De Souza, V., De Vito, E., Debatin, J., Del Rio, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kopke, M., Kukec Mezek, G., Lago, B. L., Lahurd, D., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Perez Armand, J., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Supik, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valino, I., Valore, L., Varela, E., Varma, K. C. V., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Astronomy, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Alves Batista R., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Araujo Ferreira P.R., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Barreira Luz R.J., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Bonneau Arbeletche L., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Cancio A., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cobos Cerutti A.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., De Almeida R.M., De Jesus J., De Jong S.J., De Mauro G., De Mello Neto J.R.T., De Mitri I., De Oliveira J., De Oliveira Franco D., De Souza V., De Vito E., Debatin J., Del Rio M., Deligny O., Dembinski H., Dhital N., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Garcia Vegas A.L., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Gomez Berisso M., Gomez Vitale P.F., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Halliday R., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Kukec Mezek G., Lago B.L., Lahurd D., Lang R.G., Langner N., Leigui De Oliveira M.A., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lorek R., Luce Q., Lucero A., Lundquist J.P., Machado Payeras A., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Martinez Bravo O., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., NoZka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pkala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Perez Armand J., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., Rodrigues De Carvalho W., Rodriguez Rojo J., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tome B., Torralba Elipe G., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Valdes Galicia J.F., Valino I., Valore L., Varela E., Varma K. C. V., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., and Zepeda A.
Subjects: interaction: model, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, muons properties, hadronic models, 01 natural sciences, cosmic ray, particle interaction, astroparticle detectors, Auger, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), iron, surface [detector], Observatory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics, 4. Education, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, measured [fluctuation], model [interaction], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, model: hadronic, fluctuation: measured, 3. Good health, observatory, Sciences exactes et naturelles, atmosphere [showers], model [particle], air, Cherenkov counter: water, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, detector: fluorescence, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, muon, 0103 physical sciences, calorimeter, ddc:530, 14. Life underwater, cosmic radiation: UHE, High Energy Physics, distribution function, electromagnetic component, 010306 general physics, Astrophysique, Pierre Auger Observatory, fluorescence [detector], Muon, showers: atmosphere, hep-ex, detector: surface, water [Cherenkov counter], particle: model, Small deviations, Física, ASTROFÍSICA, Air shower, Experimental High Energy Physics, Elementary Particles and Fields, hadronic [model], High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargue. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Argentina-Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia-the Australian Research Council; BrazilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2019/10151-2, No. 2010/07359-6, and No. 1999/05404-3, Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech RepublicGrants No. MSMT CR LTT18004, No. LM2015038, No. LM2018102, No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010, and No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422; France-Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucl ' eaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg; Italy-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); Mexico-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) Grant No. 167733, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands-Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative; Poland-Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant No. DIR/WK/2018/11, National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2016/23/B/ST9/01635, and No. HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal -Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania-Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI (PN19150201/16N/2019 and PN19060102), and project PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018 within PNCDI III; Slovenia-Slovenian Research Agency, Grants No. P1-0031, No. P1-0385, No. I00033, No. N1-0111; Spain-Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (FPA2017-85114-P and FPA2017-85197-P), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/07), Junta de Andalucia (SOMM17/6104/UGR), Feder Funds, RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas (FPA2015-68783-REDT), and Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2016-0692); U.S.Department of Energy, Awards No. DE-AC0207CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG0299ER41107, and No. DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation, Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, and UNESCO., We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop., Argentina-Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, ANPCyT, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings, Valle Las Lenas, Australian Research Council, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ), Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF), Financiadora de Inovacao e Pesquisa (Finep), Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2019/10151-2 2010/07359-6 1999/05404-3, Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC), Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic MSMT CR LTT18004 LM2015038 LM2018102 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, France-Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Region Ile-de-France, Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 ANR11-IDEX-0004-02, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), German Research Foundation (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Helmholtz Association, Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg, Italy-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF), Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Italy), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) 167733, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM, Netherlands-Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Dutch national e-infrastructure, SURF Cooperative, Poland-Ministry of Science and Higher Education DIR/WK/2018/11, National Science Centre, Poland 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062 UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198, Portugal -Portuguese national funds, FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Romania-Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI PN19150201/16N/2019 PN19060102, Romania-Romanian Ministry of Educatio n and Research, the Program Nucleu within PNCDI III PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018, Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia P1-0031 P1-0385 I00033 N1-0111, Spain-Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad FPA2017-85114-P FPA2017-85197-P, Xunta de Galicia European Commission ED431C 2017/07, Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6104/UGR, European Commission, RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas FPA2015-68783-REDT, Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC0207CH11359 DE-FR02-04ER41300 DE-FG0299ER41107 DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696, Grainger Foundation, Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, UNESCO
Published: 2021

12. Design, upgrade and characterization of the silicon photomultiplier front-end for the AMIGA detector at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Silvia Mollerach, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, D. Zavrtanik, Serguei Vorobiov, J. Kleinfeller, Marcos Cerda, Denis Stanca, D. Melo, W. M. Namasaka, L. Lopes, A. C. Rovero, Alexandru Balaceanu, Carla Aramo, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, O. Martínez Bravo, K. Mulrey, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, E. Santos, Thomas Bretz, Tiina Suomijarvi, V. Rizi, Corbin Covault, Vladimir Lenok, J. Stasielak, P. Tobiska, L. Perrone, L. Valore, R. Sato, Lino Miramonti, D. de Oliveira Franco, Lukáš Vaclavek, G. Mancarella, G. Marsella, A. Weindl, P. Savina, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Teresa Bister, Dalibor Nosek, M. Schimp, B. C. Manning, G. P. Guedes, Bjarni Pont, Luis A. Anchordoqui, A. Di Matteo, Marvin Gottowik, B. Keilhauer, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Alessio Gorgi, Maximilian Reininghaus, Flavia Gesualdi, Dusan Mandat, Sullivan Marafico, M. Risse, Orazio Zapparrata, Francesco Fenu, Ralf Ulrich, B. Wundheiler, Paul Sommers, Patricia María Hansen, Philipp Papenbreer, E. M. Santos, Eric Mayotte, Toshihiro Fujii, S. J. Sciutto, Juan Miguel Carceller, David Schmidt, J. Perez Armand, M. Gómez Berisso, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, Kai Daumiller, F. Sánchez, Marco Giammarchi, Nataliia Borodai, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, K. Choi, L. Zehrer, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, Valerio Pirronello, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, C. M. Schäfer, C. J. Todero Peixoto, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, Denise Boncioli, Jakub Juryšek, J. Debatin, Antonio Condorelli, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, J. de Oliveira, Martin Vacula, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, Trent D. Grubb, D. Nitz, Alejandro Almela, P. Horvath, J. Chudoba, P.O. Mazur, Darko Veberič, Julian Kemp, B. Andrada, A.L. Garcia Vegas, Sofia Andringa, M. A. Muller, A. Aab, G. Cataldi, Michael Prouza, Fred Sarazin, F. Riehn, T. Huege, Marina Scornavacche, A. Tapia, B. Tome, Josina Schulte, Alex Kääpä, Martina Bohacova, L. Nožka, G. De Mauro, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Steffen Hahn, Claudio Galelli, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Juan Manuel Figueira, Mario Buscemi, L. R. Wiencke, Niklas Langner, Roberta Colalillo, Heino Falcke, V. Scherini, Maria Rita Coluccia, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Octavian Sima, Marco Aglietta, Marko Zavrtanik, H. Schieler, Esteban Roulet, A. G. Mariazzi, Justin M. Albury, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Hernán Asorey, M. I. Micheletti, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Jonathan Biteau, J. Vicha, G. Farrar, Juan Pablo Gongora, K.-H. Becker, Nicolás González, Jose Chinellato, Alan Watson, H. Wilczyński, M. Suárez-Durán, Xavier Bertou, M. Perlin, Matias Tueros, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Pimenta, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Jiri Blazek, E. De Vito, Giovanni Consolati, A. Zepeda, Gaetano Salina, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, Luis A. Nunez, Pedro Assis, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Brian Fick, Piera Luisa Ghia, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, C. O. Escobar, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, A.D. Supanitsky, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, Marcus Niechciol, A. Taboada, J. Pȩkala, A. Fuster, Miguel Mostafa, Frank G. Schröder, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, R.J. Barreira Luz, Tobias Winchen, Julien Manshanden, R. Conceição, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Petr Schovanek, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Alina Mihaela Badescu, S. Querchfeld, Andres Travaini, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Olena Tkachenko, V. Novotny, Ioana Caracas, Cristina Galea, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, A. Haungs, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Florian Lukas Briechle, Massimo Mastrodicasa, P. Ruehl, M. Schimassek, Caterina Trimarelli, Alena Bakalova, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Ladislav Chytka, Samo Stanič, M. E. Bertaina, Markus Roth, M. HrabovskÃ, Jon Paul Lundquist, A. Menshikov, J. Hulsman, Juan Manuel González, P. Mantsch, B. L. Lago, P. Travnicek, Jacco Vink, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Z. Szadkowski, Gaia Silli, Isabel Goos, R. Squartini, A. Filipčič, D. Heck, Alfred Müller, H.O. Klages, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, A. Letessier-Selvon, Paula Gina Isar, M. del Río, Günter Sigl, Martín Miguel Freire, Roberto Mussa, P. Stassi, Radomir Smida, G. Medina-Tanco, A. A. Nucita, J. Rautenberg, A. Machado Payeras, B. García, R.C. Shellard, Q. Luce, F. Salamida, Maximilian Stadelmaier, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, R. M. de Almeida, A. Yushkov, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Lorenzo Cazon, G. Golup, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, Martin Erdmann, François Montanet, J. de Jesús, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, Eleonora Guido, Valerio Verzi, L. Nellen, Roger W Clay, Fernando Gollan, C. Morello, V. de Souza, Peter L. Biermann, Paolo Privitera, David Wittkowski, Olivier Deligny, Tomáš Fodran, Ugo Giaccari, Ioana Codrina Maris, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, G. C. Hill, I.D. Vergara Quispe, Jorge F. Soriano, Hernan Wahlberg, Ralph Engel, A. Parra, P. Ristori, M. Trini, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, J. Pallotta, J. Ridky, A. M. Botti, Jörg R. Hörandel, H. J. Mathes, Stanislav Michal, J. Rodriguez Rojo, G. Matthiae, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Enrique Zas, Antonio Bueno, Fernando Contreras, Gualberto Avila, Dariusz Gora, John Farmer, Alan Coleman, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, S. J. Saffi, F. Pedreira, Raul Sarmento, R.C. dos Anjos, Felix Schlüter, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, M. Palatka, Fabian Gobbi, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araujo Ferreira, P. R., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesus, J., de Jong, S. J., de Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., de Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Souza, V., de Vito, E., Debatin, J., del Rio, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kopke, M., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Perez Armand, J., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Supik, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Varma, V. K. C., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Physics, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Alves Batista R., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Araujo Ferreira P.R., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Barreira Luz R.J., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Bonneau Arbeletche L., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cobos Cerutti A.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., de Almeida R.M., de Jesus J., de Jong S.J., de Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., de Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Oliveira Franco D., de Souza V., de Vito E., Debatin J., del Rio M., Deligny O., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Garcia Vegas A.L., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Gomez Berisso M., Gomez Vitale P.F., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez J.M., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Lago B.L., Lang R.G., Langner N., Leigui de Oliveira M.A., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Luce Q., Lucero A., Lundquist J.P., Machado Payeras A., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Martinez Bravo O., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pekala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Perez Armand J., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rodriguez Rojo J., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tome B., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Valdes Galicia J.F., Valore L., Varela E., Varma V.K.C., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Performance of High Energy Physics Detector, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Etc), 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Front-end electronics for detector readout, APDs, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Photon detectors for UV, Mathematical Physics, Instrumentation et méthodes en physique, EBCCDs, Visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs, CMOS imagers, etc), electronics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Calibration and fitting methods, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs, CMOS imagers, etc), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Si-PMTs, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), charged particle, CCDs, Cluster finding, CMOS imagers, EMCCDs, Pattern recognition, G-APDs, Visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, Auger, observatory, density [muon], Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting method, Christian ministry, upgrade, ddc:620, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, performance, atmosphere [showers], Land access, Cherenkov counter: water, air, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Political science, 0103 physical sciences, muon: density, photomultiplier: silicon, High Energy Physics, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ddc:610, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Engineering & allied operations, scintillation counter, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, water [Cherenkov counter], Autres mathématiques, Research council, efficiency, Experimental High Energy Physics, silicon [photomultiplier], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Humanities, RAIOS CÓSMICOS, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargue. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Argentina -Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargue; NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia -the Australian Research Council; Brazil -Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2019/10151-2, No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/05404-3; Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC); Czech Republic Grant No. MSMT CR LTT18004, LM2015038, LM2018102, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422; France -Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Regional Ile-de-France; Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS); Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS); Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg; Italy-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR); CETEMPS Center of Excellence; Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); Mexico-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) No. 167733; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands -Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative; Poland-Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant No. DIR/WK/2018/11; National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 and No. HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal -Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania-Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI(PN19150201/16N/2019 and PN19060102) and project PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018 within PNCDI III; Slovenia -Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, N1-0111; Spain-Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (FPA2017-85114-P and FPA2017-85197-P), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/07), Junta de Andalucia (SOMM17/6104/UGR), Feder Funds, RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas (FPA2015-68783-REDT) and Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2016-0692); U.S.A. -Department of Energy, Contracts No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107 and No. DE-SC0011689; National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696; The Grainger Foundation; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network; and UNESCO., AMIGA (Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array) is an upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory to complement the study of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) by measuring the muon content of extensive air showers (EAS). It consists of an array of 61 water Cherenkov detectors on a denser spacing in combination with underground scintillation detectors used for muon density measurement. Each detector is composed of three scintillation modules, with 10 m(2) detection area per module, buried at 2.3 m depth, resulting in a total detection area of 30 m(2). Silicon photomultiplier sensors (SiPM) measure the amount of scintillation light generated by charged particles traversing the modules. In this paper, the design of the front-end electronics to process the signals of those SiPMs and test results from the laboratory and from the Pierre Auger Observatory are described. Compared to our previous prototype, the new electronics shows a higher performance, higher efficiency and lower power consumption, and it has a new acquisition system with increased dynamic range that allows measurements closer to the shower core. The new acquisition system is based on the measurement of the total charge signal that the muonic component of the cosmic ray shower generates in the detector., Argentina - Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Argentina - Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT), Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina - Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina - Municipalidad de Malargue, Argentina - NDM Holdings, Argentina - Valle Las Lenas, Australian Research Council, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF) Brazil - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2019/10151-2 2010/07359-6 1999/05404-3, Brazil - Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC), Brazil - Czech Republic Grant MSMT CR LTT18004 LM2015038 LM2018102 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, France - Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France - Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, France - Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), France - Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), German Research Foundation (DFG), Germany - Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany - Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Germany - Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Germany - Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany - Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg, Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italy - Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy - CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) 167733, Mexico - Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico - PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM, Netherlands - Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), The Netherlands - SURF Cooperative, Poland - Ministry of Science and Higher Education DIR/WK/2018/11 Poland - National Science Centre 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062 UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198, Portugal - Portuguese national funds Portugal - FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Romania - Romanian Ministry of Education and Research Romania - Program Nucleu within MCI PN19150201/16N/2019 PN19060102 Romania - PNCDI III PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018, Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia P1-0031 P1-0385 I0-0033 N1-0111, Spain - Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad FPA2017-85114-P FPA2017-85197-P, Spain - Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2017/07, Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6104/UGR, Spain - Feder Funds, Spain - RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas FPA2015-68783-REDT, Spain - Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696, U.S.A. - Grainger Foundation U.S.A. - Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET U.S.A. - European Particle Physics Latin American Network U.S.A. - UNESCO, Italy - Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE), The Netherlands - Dutch national e-infrastructure
Published: 2021

13. Deep-learning based reconstruction of the shower maximum X max using the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: A. Segreto, Günter Sigl, Orazio Zapparrata, P. Stassi, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Srijan Sehgal, Fernando Gollan, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, M. E. Bertaina, F. de Palma, Alan Watson, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, L. Valore, Belén Andrada, Marina Scornavacche, V. de Souza, G. Golup, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, N. Kunka, T. Bister, F. Riehn, P. Tobiska, Jonathan Biteau, M. I. Micheletti, A. Insolia, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Matías J. Roncoroni, Sullivan Marafico, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Marco Giammarchi, R.J. Barreira Luz, D. Melo, G. P. Guedes, F. Salamida, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, A. Yushkov, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Ioana Codrina Maris, R. Sato, Lourenco Lopes, Toshihiro Fujii, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, Marvin Gottowik, Cristina Galea, M. Prouza, Brian Fick, Xavier Bertou, A. Di Matteo, Julian Kemp, Eric Mayotte, D. Nitz, Esteban Roulet, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, R. M. de Almeida, K. H. Kampert, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, J. Kleinfeller, A. Zepeda, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Roberto Mussa, A. Puyleart, Jakub Juryšek, Petr Hamal, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Julien Manshanden, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, G. C. Hill, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Jan Pękala, Rúben Conceição, Valerio Verzi, B. Tome, J. Chudoba, L. Lu, H. J. Mathes, Stanislav Michal, B. Wundheiler, Andres Travaini, K. Choi, Alex Kääpä, Ralph Engel, Flavia Gesualdi, J. Perez Armand, E. Varela, D. Correia dos Santos, J. Ridky, L. R. Wiencke, T. Pierog, François Montanet, Justin M. Albury, P. L. Ghia, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Rodrigo Pelayo, Jose J. Gonzalez, Stijn Buitink, Katie Mulrey, Carlos Escobar, G. De Mauro, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, H. Schieler, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Mario Buscemi, D. Nosek, E. Santos, Niklas Langner, Antonella Castellina, Eleonora Guido, Antonio Condorelli, M. Risse, Jörg R. Hörandel, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, Jonathan Blazek, Jose Chinellato, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, A.L. Garcia Vegas, Enrique Zas, I. Lhenry-Yvon, C. Trimarelli, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, A.D. Supanitsky, Philipp Papenbreer, Claudio Galelli, A. Weindl, M. Suárez-Durán, J. Stasielak, T. Huege, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, L. Nellen, L. Anchordoqui, Alena Bakalova, C. Morello, Miroslav Hrabovský, Petr Travnicek, Trent D. Grubb, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, Fernando Contreras, A. Haungs, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, Paul Sommers, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, B. García, M. Schimp, A. G. Mariazzi, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, H. Wilczyński, Ioana Caracas, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, C. Pérez Bertolli, F. Sanchez, F. Sarazin, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, David Schmidt, G. Farrar, L. Zehrer, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, M. Schimassek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Jacco Vink, Peter L. Biermann, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, Maximilian Reininghaus, Paolo Privitera, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Martin Erdmann, J. de Jesús, A. Taboada, G. Marsella, E. M. Santos, A. Gorgi, H.O. Klages, B. C. Manning, Dariusz Gora, Bjarni Pont, Thomas Bretz, Petr Janecek, Corbin Covault, Matías Rolf Hampel, Frank G. Schröder, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, P.F. Gómez Vitale, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Roger W Clay, Olivier Deligny, W. M. Namasaka, M. Mastrodicasa, A. C. Rovero, Alexandru Balaceanu, A. A. Nucita, Alan Coleman, Lino Miramonti, S. J. Saffi, Lukáš Vaclavek, J. F. Soriano, D. de Oliveira Franco, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, Octavian Sima, Ana Martina Botti, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, P.O. Mazur, K.-H. Becker, Maria Rita Coluccia, Dusan Mandat, Francesco Fenu, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, M. Pimenta, Tomáš Fodran, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, G. Mancarella, B. Keilhauer, Florian Lukas Briechle, Darko Veberič, Ugo Giaccari, S. J. Sciutto, F. Pedreira, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Raul Sarmento, G. Medina-Tanco, Felix Schlüter, P. Ruehl, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, Julien Souchard, Jon Paul Lundquist, A. Menshikov, D. Martello, Juan Miguel Carceller, C. M. Schäfer, Markus Roth, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, Isabel Goos, D. Heck, A. Tapia, Josina Schulte, Peter Hansen, M. del Río, H. Gemmeke, Fabian Gobbi, B. L. Lago, P. Savina, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Denise Boncioli, M. Unger, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Marco Aglietta, Miguel Mostafa, E.E. Pereira Martins, Serguei Vorobiov, Martina Bohacova, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, J. Hulsman, J. Rautenberg, Pavel Horvath, Q. Luce, Marcus Niechciol, Juan Pablo Gongora, Paula Gina Isar, Sofia Andringa, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Nataliia Borodai, Marcos Cerda, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, Samo Stanič, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, Martin Vacula, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. Novotny, V. K.C. Varma, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, N. González, Kai Daumiller, Heino Falcke, S. Querchfeld, Olena Tkachenko, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Martín Miguel Freire, V. Pirronello, J. Vicha, Ladislav Chytka, A. Aab, Carla Taricco, Matias Tueros, Luis A. Nunez, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, Hernan Wahlberg, A. Parra, A. Fuster, M. Trini, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, I. Allekotte, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, I.D. Vergara Quispe, M. Zavrtanik, E. De Vito, Giovanni Consolati, Petr Schovanek, Denis Stanca, Ralf Ulrich, L. Nožka, G. Matthiae, Antonio Bueno, Gualberto Avila, John Farmer, Maria-Teresa Dova, R.C. dos Anjos, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, M. Palatka, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Mu??iz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ara??jo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Vel??zquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boh????ov??, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Concei????o, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jes??s, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., del R??o, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filip??i??, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garc??a, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., G??mez Berisso, M., G??mez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gonz??lez, N., Goos, I., G??ra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., H??randel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsk??, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., K????p??, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., K??pke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., L??pez, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mari??, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Mart??nez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostaf??, M., M??ller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., No??ka, L., Nucita, A., N????ez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., P??kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pe??a-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., P??rez Bertolli, C., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., S??nchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Sch??fer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schl??ter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schov??nek, P., Schr??der, F. G., Schr??der, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., m??da, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stani??, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Su??rez-Dur??n, M., Sudholz, T., Suomij??rvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., up??k, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tom??, B., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Vald??s., Valore, L., Varela, E., Varma K. C., V., V??squez-Ram??rez, A., Veberi??, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczy??ski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Batista R.A., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Ferreira P.R.A., Velazquez J.C.A., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Luz R.J.B., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Arbeletche L.B., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Orchera P.G.B., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cerutti A.C.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., dos Santos D.C., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., de Almeida R.M., de Jesus J., de Jong S.J., de Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., de Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Oliveira Franco D., de Palma F., de Souza V., de Vito E., del Rio M., Deligny O., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Vegas A.L.G., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Berisso M.G., Vitale P.F.G., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez J.M., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Hamal P., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Janecek P., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Kunka N., Lago B.L., Lang R.G., Langner N., de Oliveira M.A.L., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Presti D.L., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lu L., Luce Q., Lucero A., Lundquist J.P., Payeras A.M., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Bravo O.M., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nasr-Esfahani A., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pekala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Martins E.E.P., Armand J.P., Bertolli C.P., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rojo J.R., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Gomez J.D.S., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Segreto A., Sehgal S., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Taricco C., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Peixoto C.J.T., Tome B., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Galicia J.F.V., Valore L., Varela E., Varma V.K.C., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Quispe I.D.V., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watanabe C., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Alvarez-Muniz, J., Batista, R. A., Ferreira, P. R. A., Velazquez, J. C. A., Luz, R. J. B., Bohacova, M., Arbeletche, L. B., Orchera, P. G. B., Cerutti, A. C. C., Conceicao, R., dos Santos, D. C., de Jesus, J., de Mauro, G., de Mitri, I., de Vito, E., del Rio, M., Filipcic, A., Garcia, B., Vegas, A. L. G., Berisso, M. G., Vitale, P. F. G., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Gora, D., Horandel, J. R., Hrabovsky, M., Kaapa, A., Kopke, M., de Oliveira, M. A. L., Presti, D. L., Lopez, R., Payeras, A. M., Maris, I. C., Bravo, O. M., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Nozka, L., Nunez, L. A., Pekala, J., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Martins, E. E. P., Armand, J. P., Bertolli, C. P., Rojo, J. R., Gomez, J. D. S., Sanchez, F., Schafer, C. M., Schluter, F., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Smida, R., Stanic, S., Suarez-Duran, M., Suomijarvi, T., Supik, J., Peixoto, C. J. T., Tome, B., Galicia, J. F. V., Varma, V. K. C., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Quispe, I. D. V., and Wilczynski, H.
Subjects: showers: energy, longitudinal [showers], interaction: model, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Calibration and fitting methods, Cluster finding, Data analysis, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Particle identification methods, Pattern recognition, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Auger, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), cluster finding, surface [detector], Observatory, Large detector systems, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, model [interaction], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Data analysi, calibration and fitting methods, energy [showers], observatory, Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting method, astroparticle physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, atmosphere [showers], air, neural network, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, detector: fluorescence, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, ddc:610, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], cosmic radiation: UHE, structure, particle physics, network: performance, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Ciencias Exactas, Cherenkov radiation, fluorescence [detector], Pierre Auger Observatory, mass spectrum [nucleus], showers: atmosphere, detector: surface, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, resolution, calibration, Computational physics, performance [network], Cherenkov counter, Air shower, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, nucleus: mass spectrum, showers: longitudinal, RAIOS CÓSMICOS, Energy (signal processing), astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The atmospheric depth of the air shower maximum $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ is an observable commonly used for the determination of the nuclear mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Direct measurements of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ are performed using observations of the longitudinal shower development with fluorescence telescopes. At the same time, several methods have been proposed for an indirect estimation of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ from the characteristics of the shower particles registered with surface detector arrays. In this paper, we present a deep neural network (DNN) for the estimation of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$. The reconstruction relies on the signals induced by shower particles in the ground based water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The network architecture features recurrent long short-term memory layers to process the temporal structure of signals and hexagonal convolutions to exploit the symmetry of the surface detector array. We evaluate the performance of the network using air showers simulated with three different hadronic interaction models. Thereafter, we account for long-term detector effects and calibrate the reconstructed $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ using fluorescence measurements. Finally, we show that the event-by-event resolution in the reconstruction of the shower maximum improves with increasing shower energy and reaches less than $25~\mathrm{g/cm^{2}}$ at energies above $2\times 10^{19}~\mathrm{eV}$., Published version, 29 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2021

14. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation

Author: J.-P. Lenain, A. Domínguez, Jonathan Ivor Davies, T. Armstrong, A. A. Zdziarski, F. Gianotti, M. Balbo, E. O. Angüner, M. Marculewicz, Alasdair E. Gent, Alice Donini, Olivier Hervet, Henry Przybilski, Giacomo Principe, G. Leto, M. Peresano, Stefano Covino, P. A. Caraveo, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, D. de Martino, V. V. Vassiliev, D. Cauz, F. R. Pantaleo, U. Barres de Almeida, Pietro Bruno, E. Lindfors, M. Zavrtanik, G. Hughes, Miriam Lucio Martinez, P. Bordas, Y. Suda, G. S. Varner, R. Rando, K. Cerny, S. Pita, Csaba Balázs, E. Fiandrini, Michael Backes, Tomohiko Oka, Massimo Persic, Andrea Chiavassa, Johannes Veh, A. Stamerra, Fabrizio Tavecchio, B. Biasuzzi, Michael Punch, Soebur Razzaque, F. D'Ammando, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, F. Longo, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, P. Sangiorgi, E. M. Santos, D. Nosek, Gagik Tovmassian, J. L. Dournaux, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, A. Aguirre-Santaella, M. Orienti, Lluis Font, Andreas Quirrenbach, Philippe Laporte, Ralf Kissmann, Francesco Lucarelli, K. Noda, I. Jiménez Martínez, G. Romeo, Wystan Benbow, P. Romano, B. Bi, J. Grube, H.-S. Zechlin, Giacomo Bonnoli, Martin White, J. P. Osborne, Enrico Cascone, Marek Jamrozy, C. Alispach, Miroslav Pech, O. Cuevas, Petr Schovanek, K. Hayashi, V. I. Zhdanov, Javier Coronado-Blázquez, D. Medina Miranda, Barbara Balmaverde, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Frank M. Rieger, A. Shalchi, J. M. Paredes, Ruben Alfaro, N. Giglietto, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, Ayan Acharyya, Dominik Elsässer, S. Vercellone, D. Pimentel, T. Mizuno, Alessandro Bruno, Juan Abel Barrio, K. Kosack, Mauro Orlandini, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, P. Marquez, Adrian Biland, Y. Kobayashi, Nicholas F. H Tothill, M. de Naurois, Daniele Spiga, Lili Yang, L. Tibaldo, Pavel Horvath, M. Lopez, I. Sadeh, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, Reshmi Mukherjee, Gianpaolo Vettolani, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, R. Hnatyk, German Martinez, Diego F. Torres, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, N. Parmiggiani, G. Lamanna, Marcos Santander, S. Fegan, I. Vovk, M. Sánchez-Conde, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Norita Kawanaka, R. C. Shellard, Michael C. B. Ashley, J. Jurysek, Francisco J. Franco, Samuel Timothy Spencer, E. Rebert, J. Morales Merino, M. Pecimotika, Marco Berton, Regis Terrier, G. A. Beck, Carlos Díaz, J. L. Contreras, G. Zaharijas, R. Moderski, José-María Martí, A. Insolia, D. Zavrtanik, K. Kohri, Ladislav Chytka, T. Grabarczyk, A. Zech, M. Garczarczyk, Anastasia Sokolenko, J. Lefaucheur, R. A. Cameron, Moritz Hütten, S. Karkar, K. Pfrang, V. Poireau, Asaf Pe'er, A. Reimer, Fabio Acero, L. Freixas Coromina, David Sánchez, Jonathan S. Lapington, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, J.R. Hörandel, Mario Buscemi, Francesco Dazzi, Abelardo Moralejo, J. Bolmont, R. White, A. Rosales de Leon, J. Prast, Sabrina Einecke, Roberto Aloisio, Yvonne Becherini, Andreas Specovius, Shohei Yanagita, Juan Cortina, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Petr Janecek, D. Depaoli, Lucas Taylor, U. Schwanke, H. Abdalla, S. Recchia, Manuela Mallamaci, M. K. Daniel, Q. Feng, L. Baroncelli, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, Masatoshi Ohishi, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Nu. Komin, Federico Russo, R. de Cássia dos Anjos, Y. Ohira, Ferdinando Giordano, Nagisa Hiroshima, E. Garcia, Gavin Rowell, V. Bozhilov, Maxim V. Barkov, Dario Hrupec, I. Oya, F. Salesa Greus, Anna Wolter, M. Živec, R. Belmont, R. Adam, T. Reposeur, J. Rico, A. W. Chen, G. Pühlhofer, H. Prokoph, Stefan Wagner, F. Di Pierro, Fabrizio Bocchino, M. de Bony de Lavergne, A. Kong, Masha Chernyakova, M. Pohl, M. Vazquez Acosta, A. Nagai, A. Brill, Dusan Mandat, Jonathan Biteau, Martin Makariev, Catherine Boisson, E. Lyard, Gilles Maurin, H. Martínez-Huerta, Oscar Blanch, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, A. Berti, James E. M. Watson, Talvikki Hovatta, M. Valentino, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Elena Amato, M. V. Fonseca, Anderson Caproni, L. Mohrmann, P. Reichherzer, R. L. C. Starling, M. Seglar Arroyo, E. Orlando, B. Rudak, G. Emery, J. A. Green, Salvo Scuderi, M. Prouza, Tom Richtler, Bartłomiej Pilszyk, A. Carosi, Jacek Niemiec, Wolfgang Rhode, G. Ambrosi, D. Ribeiro, A. Wierzcholska, A. Ghalumyan, Eugenio Bottacini, Sylvain Chaty, A. Baquero Larriva, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, Fabian Leuschner, T. Di Girolamo, Alessandro Caccianiga, Martin Will, Saverio Lombardi, A. Fiasson, Mitsunari Takahashi, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, B. De Lotto, V. De Caprio, Stefano Truzzi, Dirk L. Hoffmann, M. Vecchi, Antonio Pagliaro, Jose J. Gonzalez, Wenwu Tian, R. Della Ceca, J. Becerra González, S. Nozaki, T. Vuillaume, S. L. Lloyd, Maria Ionica, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Petr Travnicek, Y. Ascasibar, Carlo Vigorito, F. Tuossenel, Malcolm Fairbairn, O. Martinez, Marco Iarlori, Serena Loporchio, Alessandro Costa, R. Pillera, A. Morselli, M. Heller, Jaime Rosado, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, V. Vitale, A. M. Brown, E. Molina, Takashi Saito, A. De Angelis, Thomas Murach, R. A. Ong, J. Bregeon, P. T. O'Brien, Mikael Jacquemont, P. Cristofari, Francesco Conte, Lab Saha, R. Walter, Vitalii Sliusar, W. Jin, Vito Conforti, N. Produit, H. Siejkowski, Lovro Pavletić, Carole Mundell, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. F. Glicenstein, Paresh Sharma, C. Delgado, Vladimír Karas, Luca Foffano, J. Granot, Manuel Meyer, Reiko Orito, G. Umana, G. Chiaro, D. Tonev, R. Wiemann, G. Manicò, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, Luca Tosti, Markus Böttcher, Andrea Bulgarelli, C. Díaz-Bahamondes, I. Jung-Richardt, Karol Seweryn, P. Piatteli, Agnieszka Slowikowska, Jan Ebr, M. Ostrowski, J. L. Rodriguez, D. della Volpe, Ermanno Pietropaolo, M. Caprai, T. Montaruli, A. Lopez, Rodrigo Nemmen, R. R. Prado, L. Arrabito, Atreyee Sinha, C. van Eldik, Serguei Vorobiov, Hidetoshi Sano, J. Alfaro, Sabrina Casanova, G. Maneva, B. Vallage, Valentina Fioretti, Carmelo Evoli, P. Kaaret, B. A. W. Mode, Agnieszka Majczyna, Sebastian Diebold, A. Scherer, F. de Palma, S. Hernández Cadena, V. Beshley, T.R.N. Ekoume, David A. Williams, M. Capasso, A. Halim, Alison Mitchell, Tomislav Terzić, Paola Grandi, Lorenzo Amati, Christopher Eckner, David Gascon, K. Nishijima, J. Becker Tjus, B. Khélifi, G. Galanti, Jamie Holder, Vincenzo Rizi, Orel Gueta, Daniele Gaggero, F. Pintore, Utane Sawangwit, Vassil Verguilov, Heide Costantini, F. Arqueros, Daniel Kerszberg, P. M. Chadwick, D. Zarić, Marc Ribó, Olga Sergijenko, Dario Grasso, Hidetoshi Kubo, Daniela Dorner, T. Stolarczyk, M. Gaug, R. Alves Batista, Elisa Bernardini, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Jim Hinton, Jelena Strišković, Andreu Sanuy, M. Servillat, V. Barbosa Martins, Giovanni Bonanno, S. Gunji, R. Wischnewski, S. Sarkar, Gianluca Giavitto, Takeshi Nakamori, M. Palatka, Maria Letizia Pumo, Camilla Maggio, M. Zacharias, Katsuaki Asano, Valerio Vagelli, Anton Dmytriiev, Ryo Yamazaki, M. Vacula, P. Goldoni, Gilles Fontaine, Hiroshi Muraishi, D. Mazin, Samo Stanič, G. Ghirlanda, M. Polo, M. Nievas, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Oleh Petruk, Jose Miguel Miranda, M. Iori, A. Marcowith, Y. Renier, Satoshi Fukami, M. Roncadelli, F. Leone, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Ana Luiza d'Ávila Viana, Y. Fukui, Max Harvey, Sera Markoff, I. Agudo, P. Temnikov, Vincenzo Testa, R. López-Coto, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, V. Gammaldi, T. Hassan Collado, H. Abe, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, S. D. Vergani, Sasa Micanovic, P. Vallania, Marina Manganaro, Elena Torresi, M. Giarrusso, G. Ferrand, Paweł Świerk, B. Patricelli, Matteo Cerruti, N. La Palombara, D. Morcuende-Parrilla, V. de Souza, Toshiaki Inada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Werner Hofmann, Michele Doro, E. Pueschel, A. Araudo, E. Sciacca, Thomas Lohse, A. Djannati-Ataï, Abdalla, H., Abe, H., Acero, F., Acharyya, A., Adam, R., Agudo, I., Aguirre-Santaella, A., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Ang??ner, E. O., Araudo, A., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ascas??bar, Y., Ashley, M., Backes, M., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Balmaverde, B., Baquero Larriva, A., Barbosa Martins, V., Barkov, M., Baroncelli, L., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Batista, P. -I., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Becherini, Y., Beck, G., Becker Tjus, J., Belmont, R., Benbow, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Bi, B., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Bocchino, F., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonanno, G., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bottacini, E., B??ttcher, M., Bozhilov, V., Bregeon, J., Brill, A., Brown, A. M., Bruno, P., Bruno, A., Bulgarelli, A., Burton, M., Buscemi, M., Caccianiga, A., Cameron, R., Capasso, M., Caprai, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cauz, D., Cerny, K., Cerruti, M., Chadwick, P., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Chiavassa, A., Chytka, L., Conforti, V., Conte, F., Contreras, J. L., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Covino, S., Cristofari, P., Cuevas, O., D'Ammando, F., Daniel, M. K., Davies, J., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., de Bony de Lavergne, M., De Caprio, V., de C??ssia dos Anjos, R., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lotto, B., De Martino, D., de Naurois, M., de O??a Wilhelmi, E., De Palma, F., de Souza, V., Delgado, C., Della Ceca, R., della Volpe, D., Depaoli, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., D??az, C., D??az-Bahamondes, C., Diebold, S., Djannati-Ata??, A., Dmytriiev, A., Dom??nguez, A., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J., Dwarkadas, V. V., Ebr, J., Eckner, C., Einecke, S., Ekoume, T. R. N., Els??sser, D., Emery, G., Evoli, C., Fairbairn, M., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Fioretti, V., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Franco, F. J., Freixas Coromina, L., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Gammaldi, V., Garcia, E., Garczarczyk, M., Gascon, D., Gaug, M., Gent, A., Ghalumyan, A., Ghirlanda, G., Gianotti, F., Giarrusso, M., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glicenstein, J., Goldoni, P., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gourgouliatos, K., Grabarczyk, T., Grandi, P., Granot, J., Grasso, D., Green, J., Grube, J., Gueta, O., Gunji, S., Halim, A., Harvey, M., Hassan Collado, T., Hayashi, K., Heller, M., Hern??ndez Cadena, S., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hnatyk, R., Hoffmann, D., Hofmann, W., Holder, J., Horan, D., H??randel, J., Horvath, P., Hovatta, T., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., H??tten, M., Iarlori, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Insolia, A., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Jacquemont, M., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jim??nez Mart??nez, I., Jin, W., Jung-Richardt, I., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Karas, V., Karkar, S., Kawanaka, N., Kerszberg, D., Kh??lifi, B., Kissmann, R., Kn??dlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kosack, K., Kubo, H., La Palombara, N., Lamanna, G., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Lefaucheur, J., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J., Leone, F., Leto, G., Leuschner, F., Lindfors, E., Lloyd, S., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., L??pez, M., L??pez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Lucarelli, F., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maggio, C., Majczyna, A., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Manic??, G., Marcowith, A., Marculewicz, M., Markoff, S., Marquez, P., Mart??, J., Martinez, O., Mart??nez, M., Mart??nez, G., Mart??nez-Huerta, H., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Mbarubucyeye, J. D., Medina Miranda, D., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Mode, B., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morales Merino, J., Morcuende-Parrilla, D., Morselli, A., Mukherjee, R., Mundell, C., Murach, T., Muraishi, H., Nagai, A., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas, M., Nikolajuk, M., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nozaki, S., O'Brien, P., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Oka, T., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlandini, M., Orlando, E., Osborne, J. P., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatka, M., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paredes, J. M., Parmiggiani, N., Patricelli, B., Pavleti??, L., Pe'Er, A., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piatteli, P., Pietropaolo, E., Pillera, R., Pilszyk, B., Pimentel, D., Pintore, F., Pita, S., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Polo, M., Prado, R. R., Prast, J., Principe, G., Produit, N., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., Pueschel, E., P??hlhofer, G., Pumo, M. L., Punch, M., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Rebert, E., Recchia, S., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, O., Reimer, A., Renier, Y., Reposeur, T., Rhode, W., Ribeiro, D., Rib??, M., Richtler, T., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Ramirez, J. C., Rodr??guez V??zquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rosales de Leon, A., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rujopakarn, W., Russo, F., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Salesa Greus, F., Sanchez, D., S??nchez-Conde, M., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santos, E. M., Sanuy, A., Sarkar, S., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Scherer, A., Schleicher, B., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Seglar Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Servillat, M., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Sharma, P., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sinha, A., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sokolenko, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spiga, D., Stamerra, A., Stani??, S., Starling, R., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Stri??kovi??, J., Suda, Y., wierk, P., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terrier, R., Terzic, T., Testa, V., Tian, W., Tibaldo, L., Tonev, D., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Truzzi, S., Tuossenel, F., Umana, G., Vacula, M., Vagelli, V., Valentino, M., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., van Eldik, C., Varner, G. S., Vassiliev, V., V??zquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Verguilov, V., Vettolani, G. P., Viana, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vorobiov, S., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., Watson, J., White, M., White, R., Wiemann, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Wolter, A., Yamazaki, R., Yanagita, S., Yang, L., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zaharijas, G., Zaric, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zhdanov, V. I., ivec, M., Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Academy of Finland, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, National Science Centre (Poland), Slovenian Research Agency, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Batista, R. A., Anguner, E. O., Ascasibar, Y., Larriva, A. B., Martins, V. B., De Almeida, U. B., Gonzalez, J. B., Tjus, J. B., Arbeletche, L. B., Bottcher, M., Angelis, A. D., De Lavergne, M. D. B., Caprio, V. D., De Dos Anjos, R. C., De Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., Lotto, B. D., Martino, D. D., De Naurois, M., Wilhelmi, E. D. O., DE PALMA, F., De Souza, V., Ceca, R. D., Volpe, D. D., Girolamo, T. D., Pierro, F. D., Diaz, C., Diaz-Bahamondes, C., Djannati-Atai, A., Dominguez, A., Elsasser, D., Coromina, L. F., Gonzalez, J. M., Collado, T. H., Cadena, S. H., Horandel, J., Hutten, M., Martinez, I. J., Khelifi, B., Knodlseder, J., Palombara, N. L., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Manico, G., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Miranda, D. M., Merino, J. M., Pavletic, L., Puhlhofer, G., Ribo, M., Fernandez, G. R., Ramirez, J. C. R., Vazquez, J. J. R., De Leon, A. R., Greus, F. S., Sanchez-Conde, M., Arroyo, M. S., Stanic, S., Striskovic, J., Swierk, P., Eldik, C. V., Acosta, M. V., Zivec, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdalla H., Abe H., Acero F., Acharyya A., Adam R., Agudo I., Aguirre-Santaella A., Alfaro R., Alfaro J., Alispach C., Aloisio R., Batista R.A., Amati L., Amato E., Ambrosi G., Anguner E.O., Araudo A., Armstrong T., Arqueros F., Arrabito L., Asano K., Ascasibar Y., Ashley M., Backes M., Balazs C., Balbo M., Balmaverde B., Larriva A.B., Martins V.B., Barkov M., Baroncelli L., De Almeida U.B., Barrio J.A., Batista P.-I., Gonzalez J.B., Becherini Y., Beck G., Tjus J.B., Belmont R., Benbow W., Bernardini E., Berti A., Berton M., Bertucci B., Beshley V., Bi B., Biasuzzi B., Biland A., Bissaldi E., Biteau J., Blanch O., Bocchino F., Boisson C., Bolmont J., Bonanno G., Arbeletche L.B., Bonnoli G., Bordas P., Bottacini E., Bottcher M., Bozhilov V., Bregeon J., Brill A., Brown A.M., Bruno P., Bruno A., Bulgarelli A., Burton M., Buscemi M., Caccianiga A., Cameron R., Capasso M., Caprai M., Caproni A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta R., Caraveo P., Carosi R., Carosi A., Casanova S., Cascone E., Cauz D., Cerny K., Cerruti M., Chadwick P., Chaty S., Chen A., Chernyakova M., Chiaro G., Chiavassa A., Chytka L., Conforti V., Conte F., Contreras J.L., Coronado-Blazquez J., Cortina J., Costa A., Costantini H., Covino S., Cristofari P., Cuevas O., D'Ammando F., Daniel M.K., Davies J., Dazzi F., Angelis A.D., De Lavergne M.D.B., Caprio V.D., De Dos Anjos R.C., De Gouveia Dal Pino E.M., Lotto B.D., Martino D.D., De Naurois M., Wilhelmi E.D.O., Palma F.D., De Souza V., Delgado C., Ceca R.D., Volpe D.D., Depaoli D., Girolamo T.D., Pierro F.D., Diaz C., Diaz-Bahamondes C., Diebold S., Djannati-Atai A., Dmytriiev A., Dominguez A., Donini A., Dorner D., Doro M., Dournaux J., Dwarkadas V.V., Ebr J., Eckner C., Einecke S., Ekoume T.R.N., Elsasser D., Emery G., Evoli C., Fairbairn M., Falceta-Goncalves D., Fegan S., Feng Q., Ferrand G., Fiandrini E., Fiasson A., Fioretti V., Foffano L., Fonseca M.V., Font L., Fontaine G., Franco F.J., Coromina L.F., Fukami S., Fukazawa Y., Fukui Y., Gaggero D., Galanti G., Gammaldi V., Garcia E., Garczarczyk M., Gascon D., Gaug M., Gent A., Ghalumyan A., Ghirlanda G., Gianotti F., Giarrusso M., Giavitto G., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Glicenstein J., Goldoni P., Gonzalez J.M., Gourgouliatos K., Grabarczyk T., Grandi P., Granot J., Grasso D., Green J., Grube J., Gueta O., Gunji S., Halim A., Harvey M., Collado T.H., Hayashi K., Heller M., Cadena S.H., Hervet O., Hinton J., Hiroshima N., Hnatyk B., Hnatyk R., Hoffmann D., Hofmann W., Holder J., Horan D., Horandel J., Horvath P., Hovatta T., Hrabovsky M., Hrupec D., Hughes G., Hutten M., Iarlori M., Inada T., Inoue S., Insolia A., Ionica M., Iori M., Jacquemont M., Jamrozy M., Janecek P., Martinez I.J., Jin W., Jung-Richardt I., Jurysek J., Kaaret P., Karas V., Karkar S., Kawanaka N., Kerszberg D., Khelifi B., Kissmann R., Knodlseder J., Kobayashi Y., Kohri K., Komin N., Kong A., Kosack K., Kubo H., Palombara N.L., Lamanna G., Lang R.G., Lapington J., Laporte P., Lefaucheur J., Lemoine-Goumard M., Lenain J., Leone F., Leto G., Leuschner F., Lindfors E., Lloyd S., Lohse T., Lombardi S., Longo F., Lopez A., Lopez M., Lopez-Coto R., Loporchio S., Lucarelli F., Luque-Escamilla P.L., Lyard E., Maggio C., Majczyna A., Makariev M., Mallamaci M., Mandat D., Maneva G., Manganaro M., Manico G., Marcowith A., Marculewicz M., Markoff S., Marquez P., Marti J., Martinez O., Martinez M., Martinez G., Martinez-Huerta H., Maurin G., Mazin D., Mbarubucyeye J.D., Miranda D.M., Meyer M., Micanovic S., Miener T., Minev M., Miranda J.M., Mitchell A., Mizuno T., Mode B., Moderski R., Mohrmann L., Molina E., Montaruli T., Moralejo A., Merino J.M., Morcuende-Parrilla D., Morselli A., Mukherjee R., Mundell C., Murach T., Muraishi H., Nagai A., Nakamori T., Nemmen R., Niemiec J., Nieto D., Nievas M., Nikolajuk M., Nishijima K., Noda K., Nosek D., Nozaki S., O'Brien P., Ohira Y., Ohishi M., Oka T., Ong R.A., Orienti M., Orito R., Orlandini M., Orlando E., Osborne J.P., Ostrowski M., Oya I., Pagliaro A., Palatka M., Paneque D., Pantaleo F.R., Paredes J.M., Parmiggiani N., Patricelli B., Pavletic L., Pe'Er A., Pech M., Pecimotika M., Peresano M., Persic M., Petruk O., Pfrang K., Piatteli P., Pietropaolo E., Pillera R., Pilszyk B., Pimentel D., Pintore F., Pita S., Pohl M., Poireau V., Polo M., Prado R.R., Prast J., Principe G., Produit N., Prokoph H., Prouza M., Przybilski H., Pueschel E., Puhlhofer G., Pumo M.L., Punch M., Queiroz F., Quirrenbach A., Rando R., Razzaque S., Rebert E., Recchia S., Reichherzer P., Reimer O., Reimer A., Renier Y., Reposeur T., Rhode W., Ribeiro D., Ribo M., Richtler T., Rico J., Rieger F., Rizi V., Rodriguez J., Fernandez G.R., Ramirez J.C.R., Vazquez J.J.R., Romano P., Romeo G., Roncadelli M., Rosado J., De Leon A.R., Rowell G., Rudak B., Rujopakarn W., Russo F., Sadeh I., Saha L., Saito T., Greus F.S., Sanchez D., Sanchez-Conde M., Sangiorgi P., Sano H., Santander M., Santos E.M., Sanuy A., Sarkar S., Saturni F.G., Sawangwit U., Scherer A., Schleicher B., Schovanek P., Schussler F., Schwanke U., Sciacca E., Scuderi S., Arroyo M.S., Sergijenko O., Servillat M., Seweryn K., Shalchi A., Sharma P., Shellard R.C., Siejkowski H., Sinha A., Sliusar V., Slowikowska A., Sokolenko A., Sol H., Specovius A., Spencer S., Spiga D., Stamerra A., Stanic S., Starling R., Stolarczyk T., Straumann U., Striskovic J., Suda Y., Swierk P., Tagliaferri G., Takahashi H., Takahashi M., Tavecchio F., Taylor L., Tejedor L.A., Temnikov P., Terrier R., Terzic T., Testa V., Tian W., Tibaldo L., Tonev D., Torres D.F., Torresi E., Tosti L., Tothill N., Tovmassian G., Travnicek P., Truzzi S., Tuossenel F., Umana G., Vacula M., Vagelli V., Valentino M., Vallage B., Vallania P., Eldik C.V., Varner G.S., Vassiliev V., Acosta M.V., Vecchi M., Veh J., Vercellone S., Vergani S., Verguilov V., Vettolani G.P., Viana A., Vigorito C.F., Vitale V., Vorobiov S., Vovk I., Vuillaume T., Wagner S.J., Walter R., Watson J., White M., White R., Wiemann R., Wierzcholska A., Will M., Williams D.A., Wischnewski R., Wolter A., Yamazaki R., Yanagita S., Yang L., Yoshikoshi T., Zacharias M., Zaharijas G., Zaric D., Zavrtanik M., Zavrtanik D., Zdziarski A.A., Zech A., Zechlin H., Zhdanov V.I., Zivec M., ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, AUS, BRA, BGR, CHL, HRV, FIN, JPN, IRL, MEX, NAM, NLD, POL, CZE, SVN, SWE, CHE, UKR, Astronomy, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gamma ray Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, axions, MATÉRIA ESCURA, redshift: dependence, Astronomy, Gamma ray experiments, gamma ray experiments, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Observatory, cosmological model: parameter space, gamma ray experiment, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, Cherenkov telescopes, IACT technique, Gamma rays, Cosmic rays, new physics, 4. Education, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, violation: Lorentz, 3. Good health, observatory, Extragalactic background light, astro-ph.CO, axion-like particles, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: propagation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, Axions, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, invariance: Lorentz, jet: relativistic, dark matter: halo, 0103 physical sciences, active galactic nuclei, extragalactic magnetic fields, AGN, Blazar, background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, sensitivity, axion, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], absorption, statistical, Blazars, Telescopes
Abstract: Full list of authors: Abdalla, H.; Abe, H.; Acero, F.; Acharyya, A.; Adam, R.; Agudo, I; Aguirre-Santaella, A.; Alfaro, R.; Alfaro, J.; Alispach, C.; Aloisio, R.; Batista, R. Alves; Amati, L.; Amato, E.; Ambrosi, G.; Anguner, E. O.; Araudo, A.; Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.; Arrabito, L.; Asano, K.; Ascasibar, Y.; Ashley, M.; Backes, M.; Balazs, C.; Balbo, M.; Balmaverde, B.; Baquero Larriva, A.; Martins, V. Barbosa; Barkov, M.; Baroncelli, L.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; Batista, P-, I; Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Becherini, Y.; Beck, G.; Tjus, J. Becker; Belmont, R.; Benbow, W.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Berton, M.; Bertucci, B.; Beshley, V; Bi, B.; Biasuzzi, B.; Biland, A.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.; Blanch, O.; Bocchino, F.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Arbeletche, L. Bonneau; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Bottacini, E.; Bottcher, M.; Bozhilov, V; Bregeon, J.; Brill, A.; Brown, A. M.; Bruno, P.; Bruno, A.; Bulgarelli, A.; Burton, M.; Buscemi, M.; Caccianiga, A.; Cameron, R.; Capasso, M.; Caprai, M.; Caproni, A.; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; Caraveo, P.; Carosi, R.; Carosi, A.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.; Cauz, D.; Cerny, K.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P.; Chaty, S.; Chen, A.; Chernyakova, M.; Chiaro, G.; Chiavassa, A.; Chytka, L.; Conforti, V; Conte, F.; Contreras, J. L.; Coronado-Blazquez, J.; Cortina, J.; Costa, A.; Costantini, H.; Covino, S.; Cristofari, P.; Cuevas, O.; D'Ammando, F.; Daniel, M. K.; Davies, J.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; de Lavergne, M. de Bony; De Caprio, V; dos Anjos, R. de Cassia; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia; De Lotto, B.; De Martino, D.; de Naurois, M.; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona; De Palma, F.; de Souza, V; Delgado, C.; Della Ceca, R.; della Volpe, D.; Depaoli, D.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Pierro, F.; Diaz, C.; Diaz-Bahamondes, C.; Diebold, S.; Djannati-Atai, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Dominguez, A.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Dournaux, J.; Dwarkadas, V. V.; Ebr, J.; Eckner, C.; Einecke, S.; Ekoume, T. R. N.; Elsaesser, D.; Emery, G.; Evoli, C.; Fairbairn, M.; Falceta-Goncalves, D.; Fegan, S.; Feng, Q.; Ferrand, G.; Fiandrini, E.; Fiasson, A.; Fioretti, V; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M., V; Font, L.; Fontaine, G.; Franco, F. J.; Freixas Coromina, L.; Fukami, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukui, Y.; Gaggero, D.; Galanti, G.; Gammaldi, V; Garcia, E.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gascon, D.; Gaug, M.; Gent, A.; Ghalumyan, A.; Ghirlanda, G.; Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, M.; Giavitto, G.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Glicenstein, J.; Goldoni, P.; Gonzalez, J. M.; Gourgouliatos, K.; Grabarczyk, T.; Grandi, P.; Granot, J.; Grasso, D.; Green, J.; Grube, J.; Gueta, O.; Gunji, S.; Halim, A.; Harvey, M.; Collado, T. Hassan; Hayashi, K.; Heller, M.; Cadena, S. Hernandez; Hervet, O.; Hinton, J.; Hiroshima, N.; Hnatyk, B.; Hnatyk, R.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann, W.; Holder, J.; Horan, D.; Horandel, J.; Horvath, P.; Hovatta, T.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Hughes, G.; Hutten, M.; Iarlori, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Insolia, A.; Ionica, M.; Iori, M.; Jacquemont, M.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek, P.; Jimenez Martinez, I; Jin, W.; Jung-Richardt, I; Jurysek, J.; Kaaret, P.; Karas, V; Karkar, S.; Kawanaka, N.; Kerszberg, D.; Khelifi, B.; Kissmann, R.; Knodlseder, J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kohri, K.; Komin, N.; Kong, A.; Kosack, K.; Kubo, H.; La Palombara, N.; Lamanna, G.; Lang, R. G.; Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.; Leone, F.; Leto, G.; Leuschner, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lloyd, S.; Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez, A.; Lopez, M.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Loporchio, S.; Lucarelli, F.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Lyard, E.; Maggio, C.; Majczyna, A.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Manico, G.; Marcowith, A.; Marculewicz, M.; Markoff, S.; Marquez, P.; Marti, J.; Martinez, O.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, G.; Martinez-Huerta, H.; Maurin, G.; Mazin, D.; Mbarubucyeye, J. D.; Miranda, D. Medina; Meyer, M.; Micanovic, S.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mitchell, A.; Mizuno, T.; Mode, B.; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Molina, E.; Montaruli, T.; Moralejo, A.; Morales Merino, J.; Morcuende-Parrilla, D.; Morselli, A.; Mukherjee, R.; Mundell, C.; Murach, T.; Muraishi, H.; Nagai, A.; Nakamori, T.; Nemmen, R.; Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nievas, M.; Nikolajuk, M.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nosek, D.; Nozaki, S.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Oka, T.; Ong, R. A.; Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Orlandini, M.; Orlando, E.; Osborne, J. P.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I; Pagliaro, A.; Palatka, M.; Paneque, D.; Pantaleo, F. R.; Paredes, J. M.; Parmiggiani, N.; Patricelli, B.; Pavletic, L.; Pe'er, A.; Pech, M.; Pecimotika, M.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Petruk, O.; Pfrang, K.; Piatteli, P.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pillera, R.; Pilszyk, B.; Pimentel, D.; Pintore, F.; Pita, S.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V; Polo, M.; Prado, R. R.; Prast, J.; Principe, G.; Produit, N.; Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Przybilski, H.; Pueschel, E.; Puehlhofer, G.; Pumo, M. L.; Punch, M.; Queiroz, F.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rando, R.; Razzaque, S.; Rebert, E.; Recchia, S.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer, O.; Reimer, A.; Renier, Y.; Reposeur, T.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribo, M.; Richtler, T.; Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Rizi, V; Rodriguez, J.; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez; Ramirez, J. C. Rodriguez; Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J.; Romano, P.; Romeo, G.; Roncadelli, M.; Rosado, J.; de Leon, A. Rosales; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rujopakarn, W.; Russo, F.; Sadeh, I; Saha, L.; Saito, T.; Greus, F. Salesa; Sanchez, D.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sano, H.; Santander, M.; Santos, E. M.; Sanuy, A.; Sarkar, S.; Saturni, F. G.; Sawangwit, U.; Scherer, A.; Schleicher, B.; Schovanek, P.; Schussler, F.; Schwanke, U.; Sciacca, E.; Scuderi, S.; Arroyo, M. Seglar; Sergijenko, O.; Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Shalchi, A.; Sharma, P.; Shellard, R. C.; Siejkowski, H.; Sinha, A.; Sliusar, V; Slowikowska, A.; Sokolenko, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Spiga, D.; Stamerra, A.; Starling, R.; Stolarczyk, T.; Straumann, U.; Striskovic, J.; Suda, Y.; Tagliaferri, G.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Taylor, L.; Tejedor, L. A.; Temnikov, P.; Terrier, R.; Terzic, T.; Testa, V; Tian, W.; Tibaldo, L.; Tonev, D.; Torres, D. F.; Torresi, E.; Tosti, L.; Tothill, N.; Tovmassian, G.; Travnicek, P.; Truzzi, S.; Tuossenel, F.; Umana, G.; Vacula, M.; Vagelli, V.; Valentino, M.; Vallage, B.; Vallania, P.; van Eldik, C.; Varner, G. S.; Vassiliev, V.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Veh, J.; Vercellone, S.; Vergani, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vettolani, G. P.; Viana, A.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vorobiov, S.; Vovk, I; Vuillaume, T.; Wagner, S. J.; Walter, R.; Watson, J.; White, M.; White, R.; Wiemann, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Wischnewski, R.; Wolter, A.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yang, L.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Zacharias, M.; Zaharijas, G.; Zaric, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.; Zhdanov, V., I; Zivec, M., The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the new-generation ground-based observatory for γ astronomy, provides unique capabilities to address significant open questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. We study some of the salient areas of γ cosmology that can be explored as part of the Key Science Projects of CTA, through simulated observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of their relativistic jets. Observations of AGN with CTA will enable a measurement of γ absorption on the extragalactic background light with a statistical uncertainty below 15% up to a redshift z=2 and to constrain or detect γ halos up to intergalactic-magnetic-field strengths of at least 0.3 pG . Extragalactic observations with CTA also show promising potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. The best limits on Lorentz invariance violation from γ astronomy will be improved by a factor of at least two to three. CTA will also probe the parameter space in which axion-like particles could constitute a significant fraction, if not all, of dark matter. We conclude on the synergies between CTA and other upcoming facilities that will foster the growth of γ cosmology. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab., We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants CATA AFB 170002, ANID PIA/APOYO AFB 180002, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants, 1161463, 1170171, 1190886, 1171421, 1170345, 1201582, Gemini-ANID 32180007, Chile; Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croa tia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS M2015046, LM2018105, LTT17006, EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016007 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754, Czech Republic; Academy of Finland (grant nr.317636 and 320045), Finland; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OCEVU, OSUG2020 and P2IO, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, J1-9146, J1-1700, N1-0111, and the Young Researcher program, Slovenia; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; The Spanish groups acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish Research State Agency (AEI) through grants AYA2016-79724-C4-1-P, AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, BES-2016-076342, FPA2017-82729-C6-1-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-3-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-4-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, PGC2018-095161-B-I00, PGC2018-095512-B-I00, PID2019-107988GB-C22; the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” program through grants no. SEV-2016-0597, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2017-0709, CEX2019-000920-S; the “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu” program through grant no. MDM-2015-0509; the “Ramón y Cajal” programme through grants RYC-2013-14511, RYC-2017-22665; and the MultiDark Consolider Network FPA2017-90566-REDC. They also acknowledge the Atracción de Talento contract no. 2016-T1/TIC-1542 granted by the Comunidad de Madrid; the “Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship” programme from La Caixa Bank ing Foundation, grants no. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630014 and LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012; the “Programa Operativo” FEDER 2014-2020, Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. 1257737), PAIDI 2020 (Ref. P18-FR-1580) and Universidad de Jaén; “Programa Operativo de Crecimiento Inteligente” FEDER 2014-2020 (Ref. ESFRI-2017-IAC-12), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, 15% co-financed by Consejería de Economía, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento del Gobierno de Canarias; the Spanish AEI EQC2018-005094-P FEDER 2014-2020; the European Union’s “Horizon 2020” research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 665919; and the ESCAPE project with grant no. GA:824064; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Soci ety, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements No 262053 and No 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement No 676134. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement GammaRayCascades No 843800. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
Published: 2021

15. The energy spectrum of cosmic rays beyond the turn-down around 1017 eV as measured with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: A. C. Fauth, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, M. I. Micheletti, M. Risse, Jonathan Blazek, Alessio Gorgi, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, Marvin Gottowik, G. Matthiae, Brian Fick, Orazio Zapparrata, Antonio Bueno, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, G. Parente, D. Melo, J. Rautenberg, M. E. Bertaina, Abha Khakurdikar, P. Abreu, Fabrizia Canfora, D. Ravignani, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, L. Zehrer, Q. Luce, M. Schimassek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Alan Watson, I.D. Vergara Quispe, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, Jakub Juryšek, Petr Hamal, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Eric Mayotte, Esteban Roulet, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Justin M. Albury, P. L. Ghia, Gualberto Avila, Sara Martinelli, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Zoé Torrès, Dariusz Gora, B. Tome, Josina Schulte, Maximilian Stadelmaier, F. Riehn, Marina Scornavacche, Jonathan Biteau, K. H. Kampert, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, Ioana Codrina Maris, Octavian Sima, J. de Oliveira, R. Conceição, Alejandro Almela, Jacco Vink, H.O. Klages, Alan Coleman, Peter Hansen, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, J. F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, D. Nitz, W. M. Namasaka, A. C. Rovero, S. J. Saffi, Isabel Goos, D. Heck, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, Julien Manshanden, V. V. Kizakke Covilakam, Andres Travaini, A. Segreto, Günter Sigl, D. Nosek, E. Santos, A. A. Nucita, I. De Mitri, R. Sato, M. del Río, P. Stassi, Hernan Wahlberg, Radomir Smida, Mario Buscemi, John Farmer, F. Fenu, A. Machado Payeras, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, G. C. Hill, P. Mantsch, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, Alexandru Balaceanu, Z. Szadkowski, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Roberto Mussa, Marco Aglietta, Julian Kemp, Paul Sommers, Srijan Sehgal, Jorge F. Soriano, Thomas Hebbeker, Fernando Gollan, Max Büsken, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Martín Miguel Freire, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, F. Pedreira, V. de Souza, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, J. Perez Armand, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, Pierre Billoir, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, Julien Souchard, Thomas Fitoussi, D. Martello, Alena Bakalova, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, A. Parra, M. Zavrtanik, L. R. Wiencke, Niklas Langner, Alex Kääpä, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Martina Bohacova, Giovanni Mancarella, O. Martínez Bravo, K. Mulrey, F. Sánchez, Miroslav Pech, V. Pirronello, Raul Sarmento, Felix Schlüter, Fabian Gobbi, Sullivan Marafico, Juan Pablo Gongora, Alina Mihaela Badescu, A. Weindl, Cristina Galea, François Montanet, M. Pothast, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, F. de Palma, E. De Vito, Darko Veberič, M. Suárez-Durán, Pavel Horvath, Claudio Galelli, M. Prouza, P. Ruehl, Marco Giammarchi, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Flavia Gesualdi, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Carla Taricco, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, R. M. de Almeida, T. Huege, Jeffrey Brack, Matias Tueros, G. Golup, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Eleonora Guido, Giovanni Consolati, Frank G. Schröder, N. Kunka, Maria Rita Coluccia, Maximilian Reininghaus, P. Tobiska, B. Andrada, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, Silvia Mollerach, T. Bister, G. Marsella, H. Schieler, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, D. Correia dos Santos, Rodrigo Pelayo, Antonella Castellina, Stijn Buitink, V. Novotny, Luis A. Nunez, J. Stasielak, Jannis Pawlowsky, Rossella Caruso, Fernando Catalani, D. D. dos Santos, Sofia Andringa, R.C. dos Anjos, N. Fazzini, David Schmidt, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, Caterina Trimarelli, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, A. L. Müller, Tomáš Fodran, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, Thomas Bretz, Miguel Mostafa, Daniela Mockler, Petr Schovanek, L. Lopes, A. Di Matteo, R. Squartini, Florian Lukas Briechle, Petr Janecek, Corbin Covault, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, Juan Manuel González, G. De Mauro, M. Palatka, Gaia Silli, A. Tapia, A. Filipčič, Jörg R. Hörandel, L. Lu, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, J. Chudoba, M. Schimp, G. Cataldi, Ugo Giaccari, B. Wundheiler, Martin Vacula, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Virginia Binet, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Massimo Mastrodicasa, F. Sarazin, Lino Miramonti, B. C. Manning, H. Gemmeke, Jon Paul Lundquist, Markus Roth, A. M. Botti, M. Unger, S. Petrera, H. J. Mathes, Marc Weber, Stanislav Michal, Dusan Mandat, V. Scherini, Philipp Papenbreer, Jose Chinellato, Heino Falcke, D. de Oliveira Franco, Samo Stanič, A. Menshikov, Denis Stanca, Lukáš Vaclavek, R.J. Barreira Luz, Petr Travnicek, A. Fuster, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Denise Boncioli, L. Nellen, B. García, Bjarni Pont, B. Keilhauer, C. M. Schäfer, J. Kleinfeller, Ioana Caracas, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Vicha, Trent D. Grubb, A. Letessier-Selvon, Serguei Vorobiov, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Lorenzo Cazon, C. Pérez Bertolli, N. González, P. Savina, G. Medina-Tanco, Nataliia Borodai, Marcus Niechciol, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Enrique Zas, André Schulz, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, S. J. Sciutto, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, C. Morello, L. M. Domingues Mendes, Carlos Escobar, A. G. Mariazzi, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Kai Daumiller, Ralf Ulrich, Martin Erdmann, Fernando Contreras, Juan Miguel Carceller, Xavier Bertou, G. Farrar, Nikolaos Karastathis, Antonio Condorelli, Peter L. Biermann, S. Querchfeld, Olena Tkachenko, Marcos Cerda, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, J. de Jesús, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, C. J. Todero Peixoto, A. Insolia, A. Etchegoyen, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A.D. Supanitsky, J. Pȩkala, A.L. Garcia Vegas, M. Wirtz, Roger W Clay, Paolo Privitera, Carlo Ventura, F. Salamida, A. Yushkov, Ladislav Chytka, L. Nožka, Lorenzo Caccianiga, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Hernán Asorey, H. Wilczyński, E. M. Santos, Valerio Verzi, Kathrin Bismark, O. Scholten, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, B. L. Lago, E.E. Pereira Martins, Paula Gina Isar, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araujo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Velazquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Busken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesus, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., del Rio, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., dos Anjos, R. C., dos Santos, D., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fitoussi, T., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Karastathis, N., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kopke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Perez Bertolli, C., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schulte, J., Schulz, A., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Torres, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Alves Batista R., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Araujo Ferreira P.R., Arteaga Velazquez J.C., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Barreira Luz R.J., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Billoir P., Binet V., Bismark K., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Bonneau Arbeletche L., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Brichetto Orchera P.G., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Busken M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cobos Cerutti A.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Correia dos Santos D., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., de Almeida R.M., de Jesus J., de Jong S.J., De Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., De Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Oliveira Franco D., de Palma F., de Souza V., De Vito E., del Rio M., Deligny O., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Domingues Mendes L.M., dos Anjos R.C., dos Santos D., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fitoussi T., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Garcia Vegas A.L., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Gomez Berisso M., Gomez Vitale P.F., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez J.M., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Hamal P., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Janecek P., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Karastathis N., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Khakurdikar A., Kizakke Covilakam V.V., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Kunka N., Lago B.L., Lang R.G., Langner N., Leigui de Oliveira M.A., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lu L., Luce Q., Lundquist J.P., Machado Payeras A., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinelli S., Martinez H., Martinez Bravo O., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mockler D., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nasr-Esfahani A., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pawlowsky J., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pekala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Pereira Martins E.E., Perez Armand J., Perez Bertolli C., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rodriguez Rojo J., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Schulz A., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Segreto A., Sehgal S., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Szadkowski Z., Tapia A., Taricco C., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tome B., Torres Z., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Valdes Galicia J.F., Valore L., Varela E., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watanabe C., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., and Zehrer L.
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, detector: fluorescence, Auger, cosmic rays, surface [detector], Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, calorimeter, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, cosmic radiation: UHE, spectrum [cosmic radiation], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Engineering & allied operations, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), fluorescence [detector], Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, astro-ph.HE, cosmic radiation: energy spectrum, cosmic radiation: spectrum, detector: surface, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Calorimeter, flux, observatory, spectral, ddc:620, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, energy spectrum [cosmic radiation], Energy (signal processing), RAIOS CÓSMICOS, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, energy spectrum features
Abstract: The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Argentina – Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargüe; NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia – the Australian Research Council; Belgium – Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS); Research Foundation Flanders (FWO); Brazil – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2019/10151-2, No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/05404-3; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC); Czech Republic – Grant No. MSMT CR LTT18004, LM2015038, LM2018102, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422; France – Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Régional Ile-de-France; Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS); Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS); Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d’Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany – Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Württemberg; Italy – Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Universitá e della Ricerca (MIUR); CETEMPS Center of Excellence; Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); México – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) No. 167733; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands – Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative; Poland -Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant No. DIR/WK/2018/11; National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 and No. HARMONIA 5–2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal – Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania – Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI (PN19150201/16N/2019 and PN19060102) and project PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018 within PNCDI III; Slovenia – Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, N1-0111; Spain – Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (FPA2017-85114-P and PID2019-104676GB-C32), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/07), Junta de Andalucía (SOMM17/6104/UGR, P18-FR-4314) Feder Funds, RENATA Red Nacional Temática de Astropartículas (FPA2015-68783-REDT) and María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2016-0692); USA – Department of Energy, Contracts No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107 and No. DE-SC0011689; National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696; The Grainger Foundation; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network; University of Delaware Research Foundation (UDRF) – 2019; and UNESCO., We present a measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum above 100 PeV using the part of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory that has a spacing of 750 m. An inflection of the spectrum is observed, confirming the presence of the so-called second-knee feature. The spectrum is then combined with that of the 1500 m array to produce a single measurement of the flux, linking this spectral feature with the three additional breaks at the highest energies. The combined spectrum, with an energy scale set calorimetrically via fluorescence telescopes and using a single detector type, results in the most statistically and systematically precise measurement of spectral breaks yet obtained. These measurements are critical for furthering our understanding of the highest energy cosmic rays., ANR-10-LABX-63 ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, Belgium – Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire PNC-IN2P3/CNRS, Département Sciences de l’Univers, Feder Funds, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692, Ministero degli Affari Esteri, RENATA Red Nacional Temática de Astropartículas FPA2015-68783-REDT, SURF, National Science Foundation 0450696, U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FG02-99ER41107, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-SC0011689, University of Delaware Research Foundation, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Australian Research Council, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 1999/05404-3, 2010/07359-6, 2019/10151-2, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología 167733, Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Conseil Régional, Île-de-France, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Narodowe Centrum Nauki 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2013/10/M/ST9/00062, 2016/23/B/ST9/01635, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198, Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS I0-0033, N1-0111, P1-0031, P1-0385, Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki DIR/WK/2018/11, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ministry of Education and Research, Romania PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018, PN19060102, PN19150201/16N/2019, European Regional Development Fund, Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España FPA2017-85114-P, PID2019-104676GB-C32, Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2017/07, Junta de Andalucía P18-FR-4314, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010, LM2015038, LM2018102, MSMT CR LTT18004, Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade, Institut Lagrange de Paris
Published: 2021

16. Optical topography of rough surfaces using vortex localization of fluorescent markers

Author: Petr Bouchal, Petr Schovanek, and Zdeněk Bouchal
Subjects: Point spread function, Surface (mathematics), Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Vortex, 010309 optics, Vibration, Interferometry, Optics, rough surface topography, Band-pass filter, 0103 physical sciences, Diffuse reflection, 0210 nano-technology, business, fluorescent marking
Abstract: Measuring rough surfaces is challenging because the proven topographic methods are impaired by the adverse effects of diffuse light. In our method, the measured surface is marked by fluorescent nanobeads allowing a complete suppression of diffuse light by bandpass filtering. Light emitted by each fluorescent bead is shaped to a double-helix point spread function used for three-dimensional bead localization on the surface. This non-interferometric measurement of rough surface topography is implemented in a vibration resistant setup. The comparison of our method with vertical scanning interferometry shows that a commercial profiler is surpassed when ground glass surfaces with steep slopes are measured., Funding: Grantová Agentura Ceské Republiky (GA18- 01396S); Central European Institute of Technology (LQ1601); H2020 Spreading Excellence and Widening Participation (No. 810626); Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci (IGA PrF 2020 004); Czechoslovak Microscopy Society
Published: 2020

17. Surface Preconditioning Influences the Antifouling Capabilities of Zwitterionic and Nonionic Polymer Brushes

Author: Eva Bittrich, Yulia Zhigunová, Vasilii Mironov, Petr Schovanek, Markéta Vrabcová, Hana Vaisocherová-Lísalová, H. Hashim, Milan Houska, Michala Forinová, Ivana Víšová, Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn, and Alexandr Dejneka
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Fouling, Biomolecule, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, Polymer, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Polymer brush, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Biofouling, chemistry, Coating, Electrochemistry, engineering, General Materials Science, Surface plasmon resonance, 0210 nano-technology, Biosensor, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Polymer brushes not only represent emerging surface platforms for numerous bioanalytical and biological applications but also create advanced surface-tethered systems to mimic real-life biological processes. In particular, zwitterionic and nonionic polymer brushes have been intensively studied because of their extraordinary resistance to nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules (antifouling characteristics) as well as the ability to be functionalized with bioactive molecules. However, the relation between antifouling behavior in real-world biological media and structural changes of polymer brushes induced by surface preconditioning in different environments remains unexplored. In this work, we use multiple methods to study the structural properties of numerous brushes under variable ionic concentrations and determine the impact of these changes on resistance to fouling from undiluted blood plasma. We describe different mechanisms of swelling, depending on both the polymer brush coating properties and the environmental conditions that affect changes in both hydration levels and thickness. Using both fluorescent and surface plasmon resonance methods, we found that the antifouling behavior of these brushes is strongly dependent on the aforementioned structural changes. Moreover, preconditioning of the brush coatings (incubation at a variable salt concentration or drying) prior to biomolecule interaction may significantly improve the antifouling performance. These results suggest a new simple approach to improve the antifouling behavior of polymer brushes. In addition, the results herein enhance the understanding for improved design of antifouling and bioresponsive brushes employed in biosensor and biomimetic applications.
Published: 2020

18. Studies on the response of a water-Cherenkov detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to atmospheric muons using an RPC hodoscope

Author: A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, Dariusz Gora, Bjarni Pont, Alan Coleman, B. Tome, Peter Hansen, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, S. J. Saffi, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, B. García, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, Martin Erdmann, G. Matthiae, J. de Jesús, Frank G. Schröder, Antonio Bueno, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Roger W Clay, Marco Aglietta, Marko Zavrtanik, E. Santos, Jarryd A. Day, G. De Mauro, F. Riehn, Marina Scornavacche, Alexandra Saftoiu, Tiina Suomijarvi, F. Pedreira, Raul Sarmento, Felix Schlüter, Martin Vacula, J. Rautenberg, Q. Luce, Gualberto Avila, Martín Miguel Freire, Fabian Gobbi, Jiri Blazek, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Denis Stanca, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, Markus Roth, D. Nitz, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, Marcus Niechciol, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. Pallotta, L. R. Wiencke, G. Marsella, F. Sánchez, Heino Falcke, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, B. Andrada, P. Horvath, Isabel Goos, D. Heck, John Farmer, Jonathan Biteau, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, A.D. Supanitsky, J. Pȩkala, Antonio Condorelli, Christine Peters, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, Valerio Verzi, J. Vicha, A. M. Botti, Niraj Dhital, P. Tobiska, Sofia Andringa, Julian Kemp, Luis Villaseñor, R. Conceição, A. Weindl, S. Querchfeld, Miroslav Hrabovský, T. Huege, M. del Río, Nicolás González, Jeffrey Brack, A.L. Garcia Vegas, M. Schimp, Marvin Gottowik, Maria Rita Coluccia, Maximilian Reininghaus, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, Olaf Scholten, Gaia Silli, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, D. Mockler, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, A. Di Matteo, Eric Mayotte, A. Haungs, A. Filipčič, G. Torralba Elipe, I. Valiño, Olena Tkachenko, M. I. Micheletti, B. C. Manning, P. Ruehl, Ralf Ulrich, M. Gómez Berisso, L. Valore, B. Wundheiler, L. Lopes, Roberto Mussa, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, F. Sarazin, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, David Schmidt, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, Charles Timmermans, Hernán Asorey, R.C. dos Anjos, R.C. Shellard, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, J. F. Valdés Galicia, M. Palatka, Mario Buscemi, Jörg R. Hörandel, P. Mantsch, J. Hulsman, Julien Manshanden, Dusan Mandat, Lukáš Vaclavek, H. J. Mathes, I. De Mitri, Stanislav Michal, G. Mancarella, François Montanet, G. Golup, B. Keilhauer, Sullivan Marafico, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, Francesco Fenu, Ladislav Chytka, Gaetano Salina, Hernan Wahlberg, Miguel Mostafa, Violet M. Harvey, Andres Travaini, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, D. Harari, L. Nožka, J. Chudoba, S. J. Sciutto, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, C. M. Schäfer, Maria Giller, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, Marco Giammarchi, Juan Miguel Carceller, P. Savina, Eleonora Guido, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Flavia Gesualdi, Alex Kääpä, Enrique Zas, A. Parra, Alena Bakalova, J. Stasielak, Massimo Mastrodicasa, R. M. de Almeida, Teresa Bister, E. De Vito, R.J. Barreira Luz, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Dalibor Nosek, Fernando Contreras, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, Giovanni Consolati, Cristina Galea, P. Ristori, M. Trini, K. Choi, Martina Bohacova, G. Medina-Tanco, A. Tapia, Octavian Sima, A. Cancio, H. Gemmeke, R. Halliday, Nataliia Borodai, M. Unger, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, M.P. Panetta, Petr Schovanek, Juan Pablo Gongora, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Francesca Zuccarello, Luis A. Anchordoqui, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, Valerio Pirronello, H. Schieler, Q. Dorosti, Philipp Papenbreer, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Karl-Heinz Kampert, L. Calcagni, Kai Daumiller, Antonella Castellina, A. C. Fauth, F. Salamida, A. Yushkov, A. Fuster, A. Puyleart, L. Nellen, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Michael Prouza, Corinne Berat, Carla Bonifazi, Rodrigo Pelayo, Denise Boncioli, D. Melo, Stijn Buitink, M. Risse, V. Novotny, Trent D. Grubb, A. Taboada, Jose A. Bellido, C. Morello, Rossella Caruso, Fabio Convenga, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, Caterina Trimarelli, M. A. Muller, Juan Manuel Figueira, H. Wilczyński, Roberta Colalillo, P.F. Gómez Vitale, I.D. Vergara Quispe, A. G. Mariazzi, A. Aab, R. Sato, Peter L. Biermann, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, Paolo Privitera, Jakub Juryšek, G. Kukec Mezek, Alessio Gorgi, M. E. Bertaina, A. Menshikov, P. Travnicek, J. Debatin, Orazio Zapparrata, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Esteban Roulet, Justin M. Albury, Alan Watson, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, J. Alvarez Castillo, Matias Tueros, Luis A. Nunez, Piera Luisa Ghia, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, B. L. Lago, Günter Sigl, P. Stassi, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, Paula Gina Isar, Fernando Gollan, E. M. Santos, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, V. de Souza, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, Florian Lukas Briechle, Max Malacari, J. Perez Armand, Claudio Galelli, Jose Chinellato, Ioana Caracas, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, A. van Vliet, David Wittkowski, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Tomáš Fodran, R. Lorek, M. Urban, W. M. Namasaka, A. C. Rovero, Ugo Giaccari, Alexandru Balaceanu, M. Suárez-Durán, Carla Aramo, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, K. Mulrey, Silvia Mollerach, N. Fazzini, Ioana Codrina Maris, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, D. Zavrtanik, Serguei Vorobiov, G. C. Hill, Jorge F. Soriano, Ralph Engel, Marcos Cerda, J. Ridky, Darko Veberič, J. Kleinfeller, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, M. Schimassek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Jacco Vink, H.O. Klages, A. A. Nucita, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, L. Zehrer, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, Thomas Bretz, V. Rizi, Corbin Covault, Lino Miramonti, D. de Oliveira Franco, Xavier Bertou, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alve, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobo, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Mauro, G. De, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, Mitri, I. De, de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Souza, V., Vito, E. De, Debatin, J., Río, M. del, Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Matteo, A. Di, Castro, M. L. Díaz, Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. do, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Vegas, A. L. Garcia, Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Mezek, G. Kukec, Lago, B. L., Lahurd, D., Lang, R. G., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Payeras, A. Machado, Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Armand, J. Perez, Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigue, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdé, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Vliet, A. van, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Varga, Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Castillo, J. A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Batista, R. A., Ferreira, P. R. A., Luz, R. J. B., Bohacova, M., Arbeletche, L. B., Cerutti, A. C. C., Conceicao, R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jesus, J., De Jong, S. J., Mauro, G. D., Neto, J. R. T. D. M., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Oliveira Franco, D., De Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Rio, M., Di Matteo, A., Castro, M. L. D., Dos Anjos, R. C., Filipcic, A., Garcia, B., Vegas, A. L. G., Berisso, M. G., Vitale, P. F. G., Gonzalez, N., Gora, D., Horandel, J. R., Hrabovsky, M., Kaapa, A., Kopke, M., Mezek, G. K., De Oliveira, M. A. L., Presti, D. L., Lopez, R., Payeras, A. M., Maris, I. C., Bravo, O. M., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Pkala, J., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Armand, J. P., De Carvalho, W. R., Rojo, J. R., Gomez, J. D. S., Sanchez, F., Schafer, C. M., Schluter, F., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Smida, R., Stanic, S., Suarez-Duran, M., Suomijarvi, T., Supik, J., Peixoto, C. J. T., Tome, B., Elipe, G. T., Galicia, J. F. V., Valino, I., Vliet, A. V., Cardenas, B. V., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Quispe, I. D. V., Villasenor, L., Wilczynski, H., High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Castillo J.A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Batista R.A., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Ferreira P.R.A., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Luz R.J.B., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blanco A., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Arbeletche L.B., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Calcagni L., Cancio A., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cerutti A.C.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., De Almeida R.M., De Jesus J., De Jong S.J., Mauro G.D., Neto J.R.T.D.M., De Mitri I., De Oliveira J., De Oliveira Franco D., De Souza V., De Vito E., Debatin J., Del Rio M., Deligny O., Dhital N., Di Matteo A., Castro M.L.D., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dorosti Q., Dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Vegas A.L.G., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Berisso M.G., Vitale P.F.G., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Halliday R., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Mezek G.K., Lago B.L., Lahurd D., Lang R.G., De Oliveira M.A.L., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Presti D.L., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lorek R., Luce Q., Lucero A., Payeras A.M., Malacari M., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Bravo O.M., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mockler D., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Panetta M.P., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pkala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Armand J.P., Perlin M., Perrone L., Peters C., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., De Carvalho W.R., Rojo J.R., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Gomez J.D.S., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Peixoto C.J.T., Tome B., Elipe G.T., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Urban M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Galicia J.F.V., Valino I., Valore L., Vliet A.V., Varela E., Cardenas B.V., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Quispe I.D.V., Verzi V., Vicha J., Villasenor L., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., Ziolkowski M., and Zuccarello F.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Observatory, atmosphere [muon], Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Physics, Large detector-systems performance, Physics, Instrumentation et méthodes en physique, Performance of high energy physics detectors, Data reduction methods, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, resistive plate chamber, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), trajectory [muon], Auger, observatory, muon: atmosphere, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, atmosphere [showers], Cherenkov detector, air, Cherenkov counter: water, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, muon: trajectory, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, Hodoscope, Data reduction method, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, High Energy Physics, ddc:610, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Zenith, Ciencias Exactas, Pierre Auger Observatory, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, water [Cherenkov counter], hodoscope, Física, Autres mathématiques, stability, calibration, Data reduction methods, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Large detector-systems performance, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Experimental High Energy Physics, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, High Energy Physics::Experiment, RAIOS CÓSMICOS, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: Extensive air showers, originating from ultra-high energy cosmic rays, have been successfully measured through the use of arrays of water-Cherenkov detectors (WCDs). Sophisticated analyses exploiting WCD data have made it possible to demonstrate that shower simulations, based on different hadronic-interaction models, cannot reproduce the observed number of muons at the ground. The accurate knowledge of the WCD response to muons is paramount in establishing the exact level of this discrepancy. In this work, we report on a study of the response of a WCD of the Pierre Auger Observatory to atmospheric muons performed with a hodoscope made of resistive plate chambers (RPCs), enabling us to select and reconstruct nearly 600 thousand single muon trajectories with zenith angles ranging from 0º to 55º. Comparison of distributions of key observables between the hodoscope data and the predictions of dedicated simulations allows us to demonstrate the accuracy of the latter at a level of 2%. As the WCD calibration is based on its response to atmospheric muons, the hodoscope data are also exploited to show the long-term stability of the procedure., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2020
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19. A 3-Year Sample of Almost 1,600 Elves Recorded Above South America by the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory

Author: B. García, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Francesca Zuccarello, Hernan Wahlberg, Q. Luce, Jose Chinellato, P. H. Nguyen, Martin Erdmann, Octavian Sima, J. Kleinfeller, H. J. Mathes, Z. Zong, G. Matthiae, R. R. Prado, F. Diogo, E. M. Santos, M. Schauer, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Stanislav Michal, A. Taboada, A. Letessier-Selvon, A. Parra, Antonio Bueno, Daniel Kuempel, M. Wirtz, Isabel Goos, Lorenzo Cazon, R. M. de Almeida, Kevin-Druis Merenda, D. Heck, G. P. Guedes, Roger W Clay, A. van Vliet, Frank G. Schröder, Toshihiro Fujii, P. Ristori, M. del Río, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, M. Trini, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Gualberto Avila, P.O. Mazur, David Wittkowski, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Jakub Juryšek, J. Debatin, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Angela V. Olinto, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Charles Timmermans, Lukas Middendorf, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Ioana Codrina Maris, M. I. Micheletti, Antonio Condorelli, R. Lorek, Giuseppe De Mauro, J. F. Valdés Galicia, G. C. Hill, Ugo Giaccari, Jorge F. Soriano, Enrique Zas, A. Cancio, Ralph Engel, Rodrigo Pelayo, Q. Dorosti, J. Ridky, Stijn Buitink, Christine Peters, M. Scornavacche, M. Zavrtanik, M. Schimp, M. Risse, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Justin M. Albury, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, Markus Roth, I. Allekotte, John Farmer, Piotr Homola, Fernando Contreras, E.M. Holt, Giovanni Consolati, B. C. Manning, Jonathan Blazek, R. Ramos-Pollan, L. Nellen, Piera Luisa Ghia, M. Josebachuili, C. Morello, A. Tapia, Jonathan Biteau, Dariusz Gora, Maria-Teresa Dova, Giovanni Marsella, D. Nosek, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, E. Santos, Alessio Gorgi, A. C. Fauth, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, G. Torralba Elipe, Philipp Papenbreer, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, A. Aab, R. Krause, L. Valore, G. Morlino, Hernán Asorey, A. Bridgeman, Esteban Roulet, Petr Travnicek, Carla Bonifazi, S. J. Saffi, Alan Coleman, Trent D. Grubb, Jose A. Bellido, Carola Dobrigkeit, L. Zehrer, Thomas Harrison, D. Melo, R. Legumina, G. Kukec Mezek, M. J. Roncoroni, D. Nitz, Nicolas Martin Gonzalez, Peter L. Biermann, R.C. dos Anjos, L. A. S. Pereira, M.P. Panetta, Petr Schovanek, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, S. Baur, M. Stolpovskiy, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, M. Palatka, Jan Pękala, A. G. Mariazzi, M. Perlin, Luis Villaseñor, Alan Watson, M. E. Bertaina, A. Menshikov, F. Pedreira, J. Phuntsok, A. Weindl, Raul Sarmento, Paolo Privitera, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, Patricia María Hansen, Marvin Gottowik, N. Kemmerich, Martina Bohacova, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, Eric Mayotte, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, S. Quinn, Xavier Bertou, Felix Schlüter, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, A. Zepeda, L. R. Wiencke, I.D. Vergara Quispe, J. Alvarez Castillo, P. Ruehl, Pedro Assis, Maximilian Reininghaus, M. Schimassek, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, C. Hojvat, Marco Giammarchi, Jan Ebr, Fabian Gobbi, Jarryd A. Day, A. Etchegoyen, David Schmidt, A. M. Botti, Roberto Mussa, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Juan Pablo Gongora, Günter Sigl, Tobias Winchen, R. Sato, Florian Lukas Briechle, Denis Stanca, P. Stassi, Paul Sommers, Radomir Smida, F. Guarino, John Matthews, A. Blanco, O. C. Lippmann, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, B. Vargas Cárdenas, T. Suomijärvi, Peter Buchholz, J. Pallotta, C. Sarmiento-Cano, Jacco Vink, Thomas Bretz, H.O. Klages, Corbin Covault, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Miroslav Hrabovský, M. Urban, M. Mastrodicasa, Matias Tueros, François Montanet, Lourenco Lopes, Mario Buscemi, B. L. Lago, S. Schröder, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, V. de Souza, A. C. Rovero, Niraj Dhital, J. Rautenberg, C. Bleve, M. Wiedeński, Marco Aglietta, Dusan Mandat, I. Valiño, Matías Rolf Hampel, Alexandru Balaceanu, A. Haungs, Francesco Fenu, A. Kuotb Awad, S. G. Blaess, Lino Miramonti, A. A. Nucita, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, P. Abreu, B. Mitrica, D. Ravignani, Heino Falcke, V. Novotny, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Eleonora Guido, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, S. Mathys, Luis A. Nunez, I. Jandt, Ralf Ulrich, Marcio Aparecido Muller, M. Suárez-Durán, Carla Aramo, Jörg R. Hörandel, P. Mantsch, J. Vicha, Z. Szadkowski, Daniela Mockler, Vincenzo Rizi, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Miroslav Pech, M. Ziolkowski, M. Platino, F.O. de Oliveira Salles, P. Savina, G. Golup, Paula Gina Isar, Maria Rita Coluccia, Bruno Daniel, G. Mancarella, B. Keilhauer, Pavel Horvath, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Marcus Niechciol, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, Julian Kemp, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Belén Andrada, S. J. Sciutto, P. van Bodegom, S. Müller, Juan Miguel Carceller, Alex Kääpä, S. Querchfeld, Nataliia Borodai, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, A. Fuster, Sofia Andringa, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, A. D. Supanitsky, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Andrej Dundovic, Lorenzo Caccianiga, B. Wundheiler, Andres Travaini, Gregory R Snow, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, J. Chudoba, H. Schieler, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Ladislav Chytka, L. Calcagni, Kai Daumiller, Antonella Castellina, Alena Bakalova, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, Gaia Silli, P. Heimann, Serguei Vorobiov, A. Filipčič, Federico Suarez, O. A. Taborda, C. Porowski, H. Martinez, F. Sarazin, Marcos Cerda, Denise Boncioli, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, Valerio Verzi, B. Tome, Alexandra Saftoiu, Thomas Hebbeker, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Ivan De Mitri, Martín Miguel Freire, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, F. Riehn, Miguel Mostafa, C. O. Escobar, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A. López Casado, Samo Stanič, Dariusz Glas, Bjarni Pont, R.J. Barreira Luz, Johannes Schumacher, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, F. Salamida, A. Yushkov, L.P. Ferreyro, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Prouza, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, G. Medina-Tanco, R. Halliday, J. Hulsman, J. Poh, Valerio Pirronello, C. J. Todero Peixoto, L. Noža, H. Wilczyński, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albuquerque I.F.M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez Castillo J., Alvarez-Muniz J., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Barreira Luz R.J., Baur S., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Biteau J., Blaess S.G., Blanco A., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Bridgeman A., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Calcagni L., Cancio A., Canfora F., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cobos Cerutti A.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Cooper M.J., Coutu S., Covault C.E., Daniel B., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., de Almeida R.M., de Jong S.J., Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Oliveira Salles F.O., de Souza V., Debatin J., del Rio M., Deligny O., Dhital N., Diaz Castro M.L., Diogo F., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dorosti Q., dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Dundovic A., Ebr J., Engel R., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Ferreyro L.P., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Garcia B., Gemmeke H., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glas D., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Golup G., Gomez Berisso M., Gomez Vitale P.F., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Halliday R., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harrison T.A., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Heimann P., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Holt E.M., Homola P., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Jandt I., Johnsen J.A., Josebachuili M., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemmerich N., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Krause R., Kuempel D., Kukec Mezek G., Kuotb Awad A., Lago B.L., LaHurd D., Lang R.G., Legumina R., Leigui de Oliveira M.A., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lippmann O.C., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lopez Casado A., Lorek R., Luce Q., Lucero A., Malacari M., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Mantsch P., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Martinez Bravo O., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Mathys S., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Middendorf L., Miramonti L., Mitrica B., Mockler D., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Morlino G., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Muller S., Mussa R., Nellen L., Nguyen P.H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Noza L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Olinto A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Panetta M.P., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pekala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Pereira L.A.S., Perlin M., Perrone L., Peters C., Petrera S., Phuntsok J., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Poh J., Pont B., Porowski C., Prado R.R., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Quinn S., Ramos-Pollan R., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rodriguez Rojo J., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schauer M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schumacher J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Snow G.R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Stolpovskiy M., Streich A., Suarez F., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Taborda O.A., Tapia A., Timmermans C., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tome B., Torralba Elipe G., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Urban M., Valdes Galicia J.F., Valino I., Valore L., van Bodegom P., van den Berg A.M., van Vliet A., Varela E., Vargas Cardenas B., Veberic D., Ventura C., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Villasenor L., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiedenski M., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yang L., Yushkov A., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., Zimmermann B., Ziolkowski M., Zong Z., Zuccarello F., Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Baur, S., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Salles, F. O., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Rio, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Diaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Ferreyro, L. P., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Garcia, B., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glas, D., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Golup, G., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E. M., Homola, P., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kuotb Awad, A., Lago, B. L., Lahurd, D., Lang, R. G., Legumina, R., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lippmann, O. C., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lopez Casado, A., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Morlino, G., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Muller, S., Mussa, R., Nellen, L., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Noza, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Olinto, A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Poh, J., Pont, B., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Stolpovskiy, M., Streich, A., Suarez, F., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Supik, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valino, I., Valore, L., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cardenas, B., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villasenor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiedenski, M., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., Zuccarello, F., Physics, ITA, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomy, Field of view, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Auger, lcsh:QB1-991, Observatory, ultraviolet, Storm, ddc:550, UHE Cosmic Rays, time resolution, Cosmic-ray observatory, Physics, lcsh:QE1-996.5, astro-ph, Geology, width [beam], Ionosphere, lcsh:Astronomy, UHE [cosmic radiation], Environmental Science (miscellaneous), horizon, Lightning, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, fluorescence [detector], background, Física, sensitivity, optics, lcsh:Geology, Elves, UV fluorescence detectors, Thunderstorm, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, network, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Elves
Abstract: The time and location of the 1,598 verified and reconstructed elves, used for the analysis showcased in this paper, are publicly available on the website of the Pierre Auger Observatory (https://www.auger.org/ index.php/science/data). We wish to thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network (http://wwlln.net), a collaboration among over 50 universities and institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this paper. We acknowledge Robert Marshall for providing one of the most advanced elve simulations to the public, a key tool in understanding the elves observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe., Elves are a class of transient luminous events, with a radial extent typically greater than 250 km, that occur in the lower ionosphere above strong electrical storms. We report the observation of 1,598 elves, from 2014 to 2016, recorded with unprecedented time resolution (100 ns) using the fluorescence detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory. The Auger Observatory is located in the Mendoza province of Argentina with a viewing footprint for elve observations of 3 · 106 km2, reaching areas above the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, as well as the Córdoba region, which is known for severe convective thunderstorms. Primarily designed for ultrahigh energy cosmic-ray observations, the Auger FD turns out to be very sensitive to the ultraviolet emission in elves. The detector features modified Schmidt optics with large apertures resulting in a field of view that spans the horizon, and year-round operation on dark nights with low moonlight background, when the local weather is favorable. The measured light profiles of 18% of the elve events have more than one peak, compatible with intracloud activity. Within the 3-year sample, 72% of the elves correlate with the far-field radiation measurements of the World Wide Lightning Location Network. The Auger Observatory plans to continue operations until at least 2025, including elve observations and analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this observatory is the only facility on Earth that measures elves with year-round operation and full horizon coverage., Argentina—Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargüe; and NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia—the Australian Research Council; Brazil—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants 2010/07359-6 and 1999/05404-3; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC); Czech Republic—Grants MSMT CRLTT18004, LO1305, LM2015038, and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402; France—Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Régional Ile-de-France; Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS); Département Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS); Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany—Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft. Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Württemberg; Italy—Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universitá e della Ricerca (MIUR); CETEMPS Center of Excellence; Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); México—Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)167733; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands—Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Dutch National e-Infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative; Poland—National Centre for Research and Development, Grant ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11; National Science Centre, Grants 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2016/23/B/ST9/01635, and HARMONIA 5–2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal—Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania—Romanian Ministry of Research and InnovationCNCS/CCCDI-UESFISCDI, projects PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017- 0839/19PCCDI/2018, PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2016-1922, PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2016-1659, and PN18090102 within PNCDI III; Slovenia—Slovenian Research Agency; Spain—Comunidad de Madrid; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) funds; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Xunta de Galicia; European Community 7th Framework Program Grant FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826; USA—Department of Energy, Contracts DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, and DE-SC0011689; National Science Foundation, Grant 0450696; The Grainger Foundation; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network; European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO.
Published: 2020

20. Reconstruction of events recorded with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Roberto Mussa, M. I. Micheletti, B. Tome, François Montanet, M. Schimassek, Frank G. Schröder, Peter Hansen, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Ioana Codrina Maris, Peter Buchholz, C. Hojvat, G. C. Hill, Jorge F. Soriano, Vladimir Lenok, Ralph Engel, L. Perrone, Jan Ebr, J. Ridky, Denis Stanca, A. Aab, Brian Fick, Eleonora Guido, Luis Villaseñor, John Farmer, Marco Aglietta, Markus Roth, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Julien Manshanden, Andres Travaini, E. Varela, H. J. Mathes, Maximilian Reininghaus, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, L. Nellen, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria-Teresa Dova, Jacco Vink, H.O. Klages, P. Savina, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Bjarni Pont, Stanislav Michal, C. Morello, Miroslav Pech, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, Alena Bakalova, M. Pothast, Pavel Horvath, B. L. Lago, Ralf Ulrich, A. M. Botti, Dusan Mandat, M. L. Díaz Castro, Teresa Bister, Valerio Verzi, M. R. Hampel, Valerio Pirronello, Niraj Dhital, J. Rodriguez Rojo, I. Valiño, Marvin Gottowik, Peter L. Biermann, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, A. A. Nucita, B. Andrada, Fridtjof Feldbusch, L. Calcagni, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Eric Mayotte, M. Gómez Berisso, G. Farrar, R. C. Shellard, Francesca Zuccarello, K. Choi, Matias Tueros, Sofia Andringa, Paula Gina Isar, F. Riehn, Marina Scornavacche, Paolo Privitera, Kai Daumiller, Günter Sigl, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, L. Nožka, Enrique Zas, Fernando Contreras, Fred Sarazin, G. De Mauro, Mario Buscemi, Luis A. Anchordoqui, P. Tobiska, A. C. Fauth, Nataliia Borodai, Philipp Papenbreer, Jonathan Biteau, Nicolás González, T. Huege, R.J. Barreira Luz, Petr Travnicek, M. Schimp, F. Sánchez, Antonio Condorelli, Christine Peters, Luis A. Nunez, H. Wilczyński, M. Zavrtanik, P. Stassi, Jörg R. Hörandel, Darko Veberič, R.C. dos Anjos, Radomir Smida, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, A. Machado Payeras, Carla Bonifazi, M. Palatka, B. C. Manning, Jose A. Bellido, Isabel Goos, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Trent D. Grubb, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Fabio Convenga, Martin Vacula, Marcus Niechciol, D. Heck, A.L. Garcia Vegas, R. Squartini, E. De Vito, Giovanni Consolati, M. A. Muller, Alfred Müller, A. Di Matteo, A. Taboada, M. del Río, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Juan Manuel Figueira, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Francesco Fenu, B. Wundheiler, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Roberta Colalillo, Fernando Gollan, Maria Rita Coluccia, A. G. Mariazzi, Heino Falcke, A. Fuster, J. Vicha, S. Querchfeld, Gaia Silli, I.D. Vergara Quispe, P.F. Gómez Vitale, D. Nosek, M.P. Panetta, Miguel Mostafa, Petr Schovanek, G. Medina-Tanco, R. Halliday, Charles Timmermans, V. de Souza, Olena Tkachenko, Martina Bohacova, A. Filipčič, F. Salamida, Hernán Asorey, A. Yushkov, G. Matthiae, Antonio Bueno, E. Santos, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Hernan Wahlberg, D. Melo, A. Tapia, Juan Pablo Gongora, G. Torralba Elipe, H. Gemmeke, J. Rautenberg, Gualberto Avila, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, Q. Luce, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, G. Marsella, Dariusz Gora, Ladislav Chytka, Massimo Mastrodicasa, L. Valore, M. Unger, D. Mockler, A. Parra, P. Ruehl, Samo Stanič, A. Weindl, E. M. Santos, Maximilian Stadelmaier, R. Sato, G. Golup, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, Jakub Juryšek, J. Debatin, A. Bridgeman, Alan Coleman, V. Novotny, J. Hulsman, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, David Schmidt, S. Schröder, S. J. Saffi, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, Caterina Trimarelli, Italo Epicoco, Steffen Hahn, P. Ristori, P.O. Mazur, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, D. Lo Presti, Sullivan Marafico, M. Trini, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Xavier Bertou, A. Zepeda, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, Esteban Roulet, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, S. J. De Jong, A. Etchegoyen, Justin M. Albury, Pierre Billoir, F. Pedreira, Marco Giammarchi, Raul Sarmento, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, Felix Schlüter, A. Cancio, J. Stasielak, Fabian Gobbi, Piera Luisa Ghia, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, Martín Miguel Freire, M. Prouza, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, Denise Boncioli, R. M. de Almeida, Jose Chinellato, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, Ioana Caracas, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, Alessio Gorgi, Orazio Zapparrata, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, A. van Vliet, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Tomáš Fodran, R. Lorek, Ugo Giaccari, Alan Watson, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, J. Alvarez Castillo, Julian Kemp, R. Conceição, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, Alex Kääpä, Octavian Sima, L. Lopes, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, H. Schieler, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Q. Dorosti, Lukáš Vaclavek, G. Mancarella, B. Keilhauer, André Schulz, Karl-Heinz Kampert, S. J. Sciutto, Juan Miguel Carceller, Antonella Castellina, D. Nitz, M. Risse, L. R. Wiencke, Jonathan Blazek, C. M. Schäfer, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, L. Zehrer, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, Thomas Bretz, Corbin Covault, G. Kukec Mezek, Lino Miramonti, M. E. Bertaina, D. de Oliveira Franco, A. Menshikov, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, Max Malacari, J. Perez Armand, Claudio Galelli, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, Florian Lukas Briechle, Silvia Mollerach, B. García, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Martin Erdmann, J. de Jesús, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, J. Chudoba, Roger W Clay, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, Serguei Vorobiov, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A.D. Supanitsky, J. Pȩkala, Flavia Gesualdi, Marcos Cerda, M. Urban, W. M. Namasaka, A. C. Rovero, Alexandru Balaceanu, M. Suárez-Durán, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, K. Mulrey, J. Kleinfeller, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. A., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. B., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. B., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., De Almeida, R. M., De Jesus, J., De Jong, S. J., Mauro, G. D., Neto, J. R. T. D. M., Mitri, I. D., De Oliveira, J., Franco, D. D. O., De Souza, V., Vito, E. D., Debatin, J., Rio, M. D., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Matteo, A. D., Castro, M. L. D., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. D., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Vegas, A. L. G., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. G., Vitale, P. F. G., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kopke, M., Mezek, G. K., Lago, B. L., Lahurd, D., Lang, R. G., De Oliveira, M. A. L., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Presti, D. L., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Payeras, A. M., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. M., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nuñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Armand, J. P., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., De Carvalho, W. R., Rojo, J. R., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. S., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schulz, A., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Supik, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. T., Tome, B., Elipe, G. T., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. V., Valiño, I., Valore, L., Vliet, A. V., Varela, E., Cardenas, B. V., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. V., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Pierre Auger, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Castillo J.A., Alvarez-Muñiz J., Batista R.A., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Ferreira P.R.A., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Luz R.J.B., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Billoir P., Bister T., Biteau J., Blanco A., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Arbeletche L.B., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Bridgeman A., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Calcagni L., Cancio A., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cerutti A.C.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., De Almeida R.M., De Jesus J., De Jong S.J., Mauro G.D., Neto J.R.T.D.M., Mitri I.D., De Oliveira J., Franco D.D.O., De Souza V., Vito E.D., Debatin J., Rio M.D., Deligny O., Dhital N., Matteo A.D., Castro M.L.D., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dorosti Q., Anjos R.C.D., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Vegas A.L.G., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Berisso M.G., Vitale P.F.G., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Halliday R., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Mezek G.K., Lago B.L., Lahurd D., Lang R.G., De Oliveira M.A.L., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Presti D.L., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lorek R., Luce Q., Lucero A., Payeras A.M., Malacari M., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Bravo O.M., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mockler D., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nuñez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Panetta M.P., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pkala J., Pelayo R., Peña-Rodriguez J., Armand J.P., Perlin M., Perrone L., Peters C., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., De Carvalho W.R., Rojo J.R., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Gomez J.D.S., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulz A., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Peixoto C.J.T., Tome B., Elipe G.T., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Urban M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Galicia J.F.V., Valiño I., Valore L., Vliet A.V., Varela E., Cardenas B.V., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Quispe I.D.V., Verzi V., Vicha J., Villaseñor L., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., Ziolkowski M., Zuccarello F., and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, primary [cosmic radiation], 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Auger, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0302 clinical medicine, surface [detector], Observatory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Data Processing, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Large detector-systems performance, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Largedetector-systems performance, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, Instrumentation et méthodes en physique, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cascade, observatory, Cascade, ddc:620, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, atmosphere [showers], air, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, water, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Atmosphere, 03 medical and health sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics, 14. Life underwater, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ddc:610, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Zenith, Engineering & allied operations, Pierre Auger Observatory, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, hep-ex, detector: surface, Autres mathématiques, cosmic radiation: primary, Cherenkov counter, Experimental High Energy Physics, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], RAIOS CÓSMICOS, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: Cosmic rays arriving at Earth collide with the upper parts of the atmosphere, thereby inducing extensive air showers. When secondary particles from the cascade arrive at the ground, they are measured by surface detector arrays. We describe the methods applied to the measurements of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to reconstruct events with zenith angles less than 60 using the timing and signal information recorded using the water-Cherenkov detector stations. In addition, we assess the accuracy of these methods in reconstructing the arrival directions of the primary cosmic ray particles and the sizes of the induced showers., Argentina - Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina - Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina - Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina - Municipalidad de Malargue, Argentina - NDM Holdings, Argentina - Valle Las Lenas, Australia - Australian Research Council, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2019/10151-2 2010/07359-6 1999/05404-3, Brazil - Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC), Czech Republic Grant MSMT CR LTT18004 LM2015038 LM2018102 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, France - Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France - Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, France - Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), France - Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 ANR11-IDEX-0004-02, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), German Research Foundation (DFG), Germany - Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany - Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Germany - Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Germany - Min-isterium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany - Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg, Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italy - Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy - CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy - Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) 167733, México - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México - PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM, The Netherlands - Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), The Netherlands - Dutch national e-infrastructure, The Netherlands - SURF Cooperative, Poland - Ministry of Science and Higher Education DIR/WK/2018/11, Poland - National Science Centre 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 HARMONIA 52013/10/M/ST9/00062 UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198, Portugal - Portuguese national funds, Portugal - FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Romania - Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI PN19150201/16N/2019 PN19060102, Romania - Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within PNCDI III PN-III-P11.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018, Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia P1-0031 P1-0385 I0-0033 N1-0111, Spain - Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad FPA2017-85114-P FPA2017-85197-P, Spain - Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2017/07, Junta de Andalucía SOMM17/6104/UGR, Spain - Feder Funds, Spain - RENATARedNacional Tematica de Astroparticulas FPA2015-68783-REDT, Spain - Maria de MaeztuUnit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-07CH11359 DE-FR02-04ER41300 DEFG02-99ER41107 DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696, U.S.A. - Grainger Foundation, U.S.A. - Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, U.S.A. - European Particle Physics Latin American Network, U.S.A. - UNESCO
Published: 2020
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21. Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between $\mathbf { 2\times 10^{17}}$ and $\mathbf {2\times 10^{18}}~$eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: P. Tobiska, Bjarni Pont, H. J. Mathes, Stanislav Michal, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, A. Di Matteo, L. Lopes, B. Wundheiler, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Lukáš Vaclavek, B. Keilhauer, Ioana Codrina Maris, S. J. Sciutto, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Alessio Gorgi, D. Melo, G. C. Hill, Juan Miguel Carceller, Jorge F. Soriano, Ralph Engel, Enrique Zas, Orazio Zapparrata, J. Stasielak, L. Calcagni, Kai Daumiller, R. Sato, J. Ridky, Roberto Mussa, Fernando Contreras, Luis Villaseñor, J. Rautenberg, K.-H. Becker, Q. Luce, M. Pimenta, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Darko Veberič, Maximilian Reininghaus, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, Marvin Gottowik, François Montanet, Alan Watson, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Perlin, Eric Mayotte, M. Gómez Berisso, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, J. Alvarez Castillo, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, Eleonora Guido, R. C. Shellard, Florian Lukas Briechle, F. Sarazin, T. Huege, Heino Falcke, D. Nitz, A. van Vliet, S. Petrera, L. Nellen, Denise Boncioli, Hernan Wahlberg, P. Abreu, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Mario Buscemi, Marc Weber, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, R. M. de Almeida, D. Ravignani, J. Vicha, L. R. Wiencke, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Lorenzo Caccianiga, C. Morello, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, E. M. Santos, Dusan Mandat, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, R. Squartini, R. Lorek, Ugo Giaccari, Miguel Mostafa, J. Kleinfeller, Bruce R. Dawson, Francesca Zuccarello, B. Tome, P.O. Mazur, Rodrigo Pelayo, K. H. Kampert, Peter L. Biermann, Stijn Buitink, Valerio Verzi, Alfred Müller, A. Aab, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, C. M. Schäfer, Jose Chinellato, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, Paolo Privitera, Massimo Mastrodicasa, A. López Casado, Frank G. Schröder, Marcel Köpke, Max Malacari, M. Platino, Samo Stanič, R. Conceição, Miroslav Hrabovský, Julien Manshanden, Ioana Caracas, Kevin-Druis Merenda, A. Letessier-Selvon, Dariusz Gora, Andres Travaini, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Flavia Gesualdi, A. Haungs, J. Perez Armand, Matias Tueros, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, B. L. Lago, Lorenzo Cazon, E. Varela, Peter Buchholz, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, A. Taboada, M. Prouza, P. Mantsch, G. Matthiae, Z. Szadkowski, A. Parra, R.J. Barreira Luz, Luis A. Nunez, Alan Coleman, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Marco Aglietta, Marcus Niechciol, S. J. Saffi, G. Medina-Tanco, R. Halliday, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Alena Bakalova, Claudio Galelli, Thomas Hebbeker, Paula Gina Isar, S. Müller, Giovanni Marsella, D. Nosek, E. Santos, F. Riehn, A. Fuster, B. García, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, S. Querchfeld, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, F. Pedreira, Marina Scornavacche, Martín Miguel Freire, Markus Roth, F. Salamida, A. Yushkov, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Raul Sarmento, Jonathan Biteau, Felix Schlüter, Nicolás González, Fabian Gobbi, M. Schimp, G. P. Guedes, Martin Erdmann, Toshihiro Fujii, Ladislav Chytka, G. Cataldi, Antonio Bueno, A. Weindl, P. Ristori, J. de Jesús, B. C. Manning, V. Scherini, Jakub Juryšek, A. Streich, J. Debatin, D. Mockler, David Schmidt, A. Tapia, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, P. Ruehl, Alexandra Saftoiu, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Roger W Clay, G. Kukec Mezek, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, M. Trini, J. Hulsman, M. E. Bertaina, Esteban Roulet, Justin M. Albury, Francesco Fenu, Valerio Pirronello, H. Gemmeke, A. Menshikov, Denis Stanca, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Piera Luisa Ghia, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, M. Schimassek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Pavel Horvath, C. O. Escobar, A. Insolia, H. Wilczyński, Günter Sigl, M. Unger, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A.D. Supanitsky, J. Pȩkala, B. Andrada, P. Stassi, A. Cancio, Sofia Andringa, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, Jacco Vink, V. de Souza, Gualberto Avila, P. Savina, H.O. Klages, M. I. Micheletti, M.P. Panetta, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, A. A. Nucita, Ralf Ulrich, B. Vargas Cárdenas, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, John Farmer, Brian Fick, A. M. Botti, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, L. Nožka, Jörg R. Hörandel, R.C. dos Anjos, M. Zavrtanik, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, M. Palatka, A. C. Fauth, Giovanni Consolati, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, M. Urban, W. M. Namasaka, A. C. Rovero, Petr Schovanek, Alexandru Balaceanu, M. Suárez-Durán, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, I.D. Vergara Quispe, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, Silvia Mollerach, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, J. Chudoba, Serguei Vorobiov, O. A. Taborda, Marcos Cerda, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, Jarryd A. Day, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Teresa Bister, G. Golup, Nataliia Borodai, K. Choi, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, F. Sánchez, Antonio Condorelli, Christine Peters, A.L. Garcia Vegas, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Maria Rita Coluccia, Julian Kemp, Philipp Papenbreer, Petr Travnicek, Martina Bohacova, Trent D. Grubb, M. A. Muller, Hernán Asorey, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, Giovanni Mancarella, A. G. Mariazzi, Xavier Bertou, A. Zepeda, Juan Pablo Gongora, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, G. Torralba Elipe, A. Etchegoyen, L. Valore, Alex Kääpä, Patricia María Hansen, Marco Giammarchi, V. Novotny, Octavian Sima, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, G. De Mauro, Caterina Trimarelli, H. Schieler, Q. Dorosti, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Antonella Castellina, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, Thomas Bretz, Corbin Covault, Lino Miramonti, D. de Oliveira Franco, Isabel Goos, D. Heck, M. del Río, M. Risse, Jonathan Blazek, Charles Timmermans, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, L. Zehrer, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Pierre Auger
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), air, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Auger, detector: fluorescence, Nuclear physics, 5/3, 0103 physical sciences, muon: density, ddc:530, cosmic radiation: UHE, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, fluorescence [detector], detector [muon], Muon, showers: atmosphere, hybrid, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, muon: detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, observatory, Air shower, density [muon], 13. Climate action, Content (measure theory), High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Muon detector, atmosphere [showers]
Abstract: The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between $$2\times 10^{17}$$2×1017 and $$2\times 10^{18}$$2×1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at $$10^{{17.5}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1017.5eV and $$10^{{18}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1018eV. We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of $$38\%$$38%$$\pm 4\% (12\%)$$±4%(12%)$$\pm {}^{21\%}_{18\%}$$±18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of $$50\% (53\%)$$50%(53%)$$\pm 4\% (13\%)$$±4%(13%)$$\pm {}^{23\%}_{20\%}$$±20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.
Published: 2020

22. Performance studies of new optics for the time-of-flight detector of the AFP project

Author: Tomas Komarek, Dusan Mandat, Andrew Brandt, Libor Nozka, Tomas Sykora, Petr Schovanek, Jaromir Zatloukal, Michael Rijssenbeek, Filip Krizek, V. Urbášek, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Marko Milovanovic, and Karel Cerny
Subjects: irradiation [electron], Bar (music), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 02 engineering and technology, fabrication, 01 natural sciences, forward spectrometer [p], damage [radiation], law.invention, 010309 optics, design [detector], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Light beam, electron: irradiation, ddc:530, Cherenkov radiation, detector: design, radiation: damage, Physics, Time of flight detector, business.industry, p: forward spectrometer, Detector, time-of-flight counter, DESY, ATLAS, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Synchrotron, optics, Light intensity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 0210 nano-technology, business, performance
Abstract: Optics express 28(13), 19783 - (2020). doi:10.1364/OE.394582, We present the results of performance studies of the upgraded optical part of the time-of-flight subdetector prototype for the AFP (ATLAS Forward Proton) detector obtained during the test campaign in a synchrotron test-beam facility with 5 GeV electrons at the DESY laboratory (Hamburg, Germany) in June 2019. The detection of the particle arrival time is based on generation of Cherenkov light in an L-shaped fused silica bar. In the previous version of the ToF, all bars were made of two pieces (radiator and light guide) glued together with a dedicated glue (Epotek 305). This solution suffers from additional radiation damage of glue. We adopted a new technique of bar production without the need of glue. The new bars have a higher optical throughput by a factor of 1.6, reduced fragility, and better geometrical precision., Published by Soc., Washington, DC
Published: 2020

23. Use of a general purpose integrating sphere as a low intensity near-UV extended uniform light source

Author: Stanislav Michal, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, Hermann-Josef Mathes, Miroslav Palatka, Martin Vacula, Dusan Mandat, Petr Schovanek, Kai Daumiller, Ralph Engel, Christoph M. Schäfer, Miroslav Hrabovsky, and Ladislav Chytka
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Detector, Measure (physics), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Automatic summarization, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 010309 optics, Optics, Integrating sphere, 0103 physical sciences, Radiance, Calibration, SPHERES, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, Intensity (heat transfer), ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: Nowadays, the need for extended uniform light sources increases in many different areas of optics. Integrating spheres show one of the best properties among them. The paper is focused on verification of the practical use of so-called general purpose integrating spheres for the purpose of the calibration of highly sensitive detectors in the near-UV spectrum. To achieve this, the summarization of the theory of the integrating spheres is given, the methodology of the measurement is described and a universal experimental setup is designed. The setup is able to measure the real spatial and angular radiance uniformity of the exit port of selected representative of integrating spheres. The results of radiance uniformity measurements are graphically presented and discussed.
Published: 2021

24. Observing ultra-high energy cosmic rays with prototypes of Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) in both hemispheres

Author: Petr Hamal, Miroslav Palatka, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Dusan Mandat, Stanislav Michal, John Farmer, Stan B. Thomas, Jiri Kvita, Petr Schovanek, Libor Nozka, Paolo Privitera, Justin M. Albury, Radomir Smida, John N. Matthews, Ladislav Chytka, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, Xiaochen Ni, Toshihiro Fujii, Petr Travnicek, Jose A. Bellido, Martin Vacula, Massimo Mastrodicasa, Max Malacari, and Francesco Salamida
Subjects: Astroparticle physics, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Aperture, business.industry, Segmented mirror, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Observatory, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business
Abstract: The origin and nature of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are hot topics in the astroparticle physics community. The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a design for a next-generation ground-based UHECR observatory, addressing the requirements for a large-area, low-cost detector suitable for measuring the properties of the highest energy cosmic rays with an unprecedented aperture. We have developed a full-scale prototype consisting of four 200 mm photomultiplier tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror of 1.6 m in diameter. Over the last three years, we have installed three prototypes at the Telescope Array Experiment in Utah, USA. These telescopes have been steadily taking data since installation. We report on preliminary results of the full-scale FAST prototypes, including measurements of UHECRs, and distant ultraviolet lasers used to study the atmospheric transparency. Furthermore, we discuss the installation of an additional identical FAST prototype at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. Possible benefits to the Telescope Array Experiment and the Pierre Auger Observatory include a comparison of the transparency of the atmosphere above both experiments, a study of the systematic uncertainty associated with their existing fluorescence detectors, and a cross-calibration of their energy and Xmax scales.
Published: 2019

25. A next-generation ground array for the detection of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays: the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST)

Author: Xiaochen Ni, Toshihiro Fujii, Miroslav Palatka, John Farmer, Jose A. Bellido, Dusan Mandat, Max Malacari, Ladislav Chytka, Petr Travnicek, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Petr Schovanek, Justin M. Albury, Libor Nozka, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, Paolo Privitera, Petr Hamal, Stan B. Thomas, and John N. Matthews
Subjects: Astroparticle physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Aperture, Segmented mirror, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, QC1-999, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: The origin and nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is one of the most intriguing and important mysteries in astroparticle physics. The two largest observatories currently in operation, the Telescope Array Experiment in central Utah, USA, and the Pierre Auger Observatory in western Argentina, have been steadily observing UHECRs in both hemispheres for over a decade. We highlight the latest results from both of these experiments, and address the requirements for a next-generation UHECR observatory. The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a design concept for a next-generation UHECR observa-tory, addressing the requirements for a large-area, low-cost detector suitable for measuring the properties of the highest energy cosmic rays with an unprecedented aperture. We have developed a full-scale prototype consisting of four 200 mm photomultiplier-tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror of 1.6 m in diameter. Over the last three years, we installed three such prototypes at the Black Rock Mesa site of the Telescope Array Experiment. These telescopes have been steadily taking data since installation. We report on preliminary results of the full-scale FAST prototypes, including measurements of distant ultraviolet lasers and UHECRs. Futhermore, we discuss our plan to install an additional identical FAST prototype at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Possible benefits to the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory include a comparison of the transparency of the atmosphere above both experiments, a study of the systematic uncertainty associated with their existing fluorescence detectors, and a cross-calibration of their energy and Xmax scales.
Published: 2019

26. Simulation of the optical performance of the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes

Author: Paolo Privitera, Jose A. Bellido, Stan B. Thomas, Justin M. Albury, John Farmer, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Miroslav Palatka, Dusan Mandat, Petr Schovanek, Toshihiro Fujii, Max Malacari, Libor Nozka, Petr Hamal, John N. Matthews, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, Ladislav Chytka, Petr Travnicek, and Xiaochen Ni
Subjects: Physics, Point spread function, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, QC1-999, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Curved mirror, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence spectroscopy, law.invention, Single pixel, Telescope, Cardinal point, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a proposed large-area, next-generation experiment for the detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays via the atmospheric fluorescence technique. The telescope’s large field-of-view (30 ×30) is imaged by four 200 mm photomultiplier-tubes at the focal plane of a segmented spherical mirror of 1.6 m diameter. Two prototypes are installed and taking data at the Black Rock Mesa site of the Telescope Array experiment in central Utah, USA. We present the process used for optimization of the optical performance of this compact and low-cost telescope, which is based on a simulation of the telescope’s optical point spread function.
Published: 2019

27. Monte Carlo studies for the optimisation of the Cherenkov Telescope Array layout

Author: Katsuaki Asano, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, M. Cieślar, Nicholas F. H Tothill, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, O. Le Blanc, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, S. Mangano, Julien Lefaucheur, Tatsuo Yoshida, D. de Martino, Martin Pohl, A. Shalchi, Y. Renier, B. Biasuzzi, T. B. Humensky, E. Fiandrini, Andreas Quirrenbach, Abelardo Moralejo, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, J. Knapp, A. Pagliaro, Andrea Santangelo, Michael Punch, Andreas Specovius, A. M. Lopez, P. Peñil Del Campo, Henry Przybilski, J.-P. Lenain, Agnieszka Slowikowska, Satoshi Fukami, M. H. Grondin, S. Schlenstedt, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, Maria Concetta Maccarone, Michael Zacharias, Francesco Giordano, T. Suomijärvi, Lorenzo Amati, J. Becker Tjus, Maxim V. Barkov, H. Prokoph, F.G. Saturni, R. J. White, Nu. Komin, María Isabel Bernardos, M. Orienti, Denis Bastieri, Justin Vandenbroucke, P. Vallania, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, L. Tibaldo, A. Burtovoi, A. Viana, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Roberto Aloisio, Soebur Razzaque, M. Valentino, P. Da Vela, Pol Bordas, Francesco Longo, N. Otte, V. La Parola, E. O. Angüner, Marco Berton, Elina Lindfors, Salvo Scuderi, Hiroyasu Tajima, M. Prouza, E. Mach, P. Goldoni, C. Alispach, M. I. Martínez, Miroslav Pech, Kai Brügge, G. Vasileiadis, A. Nagai, A. Brill, Dusan Mandat, Geoff Romeo, M. Marculewicz, Cameron B Rulten, Fuyuki Tokanai, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Thomas Lohse, Anderson Caproni, Karol Seweryn, G. Bonnoli, D. Ninci, G. Pareschi, Stefan Kimeswenger, I. Sadeh, Łukasz Stawarz, M. Nöthe, Daniel Mazin, Ruben Alfaro, G. Busetto, Massimo Persic, A. Berti, G. Sironi, Pavel Horvath, Włodek Kluźniak, Pietro Bruno, Petr Travnicek, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Hayashida, Tomasz Szepieniec, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Y. Ohtani, Samuel Timothy Spencer, L. Di Venere, S. Karkar, M. Füßling, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Louis Antonelli, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Benjamin Koch, P.-O. Petrucci, M. de Naurois, Felix Werner, S. Sakurai, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, Petr Janecek, L. Dangeon, G. Fontaine, Alison Mitchell, Maria Magdalena González, Francesco Dazzi, Philip Kaaret, Reinaldo Santos-Lima, F. Di Pierro, Tomislav Terzić, Grzegorz Kowal, Stefan Wagner, R. A. Cameron, G. S. Varner, M. Roncadelli, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, David Kieda, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Ullrich Schwanke, Y. Iwamura, K. Sedlaczek, R. C. Shellard, Q. Feng, David A. Williams, A. De Angelis, T. Nagayoshi, P. Sangiorgi, I. A. Minaya, Etienne Lyard, Juan Abel Barrio, B. De Lotto, S. Nozaki, J. Gironnet, L. Mohrmann, Oscar Blanch, Marcello Giroletti, Jean-Luc Meunier, Valentina Fioretti, S. Masuda, V. Vagelli, Rodolfo Canestrari, L. Freixas Coromina, M. Palatka, T. Di Girolamo, Vincenzo Testa, Tsuguya Naito, J. Becerra González, R. Alves Batista, Samo Stanič, S. D. Vergani, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Catherine Boisson, Olivier Hervet, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Stefan Funk, Michele Doro, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, P. Romano, E. Fedorova, Carlo Vigorito, M. Zavrtanik, Markus Gaug, Stanislav Stefanik, R. J. García López, F. de Palma, V. Beshley, T.R.N. Ekoume, Enrico Congiu, Pierre Brun, Manuela Mallamaci, Barbara Balmaverde, L. Valore, Gino Tosti, Enrico Cascone, Marek Jamrozy, V. I. Zhdanov, Gavin Rowell, Elisabetta Bissaldi, M. Fiori, M. Capalbi, J. Bregeon, Dario Hrupec, F. Toussenel, R. Paoletti, Fulvio Gianotti, Ayan Acharyya, G. Spengler, P. Majumdar, A.A. Zdziarski, A. López-Oramas, M. Mariotti, Juri Poutanen, G. Ferrand, Paweł Świerk, M. Garczarczyk, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Diego F. Torres, Ciro Bigongiari, Matteo Cerruti, M. Polo, Csaba Balázs, A. Dmytriiev, T. Gasparetto, D. Dorner, A. W. Chen, Elisa Prandini, Vitalii Sliusar, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, Jonathan Biteau, Vito Conforti, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Shanta M. Zimmer, J. M. Paredes, S. Vercellone, Jonathan Granot, Alice Donini, Antonio Stamerra, Jaime Rosado, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, F. D'Ammando, D. Nosek, M. Heller, Gagik Tovmassian, N. Produit, Petr Schovanek, German Martinez, G. Pühlhofer, S. Fegan, A. Kong, G. Morlino, G. Emery, H.-S. Zechlin, Tomasz Bulik, Antonino D'Ai, Riccardo Rando, Rocco Lico, K. Pfrang, D. Hadasch, R. López-Coto, A. Vollhardt, Pankaj Kushwaha, Petar Temnikov, Emmanuel Moulin, Luca Zampieri, Michiko Ohishi, C. Maggio, V. de Souza, Q. Piel, Marc Ribó, Werner Hofmann, A. Wierzcholska, Luisa Arrabito, Gianpaolo Vettolani, J. Pérez-Romero, Paramita Barai, Sylvain Chaty, N. Parmiggiani, V. Vassiliev, K. Nishijima, D. Cauz, S. Caroff, Giuseppe Leto, J.F. Glicenstein, Maria Ionica, Eva Sciacca, A. Bonardi, Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Ramírez, Marcos Santander, H. Siejkowski, Daniela Maria Ribeiro, Ralph Bird, S. Mićanović, D. Zavrtanik, Carole Mundell, Jan Ebr, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, R. Gnatyk, Pierre Jean, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. López, Olga Sergijenko, R. Walter, Oleh Petruk, M. Del Santo, D. Elsasser, Jakub Juryšek, H. Martínez-Huerta, Andreas Zech, Jose J. Gonzalez, Akira Okumura, M. Iori, A. Ghalumyan, Jacco Vink, David Gascon, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, R. A. Ong, Sabrina Casanova, B. Khélifi, S. Flis, G. Galanti, H. J. Voelk, Jim Hinton, M. Will, David H. Green, Giuseppe Malaguti, B. Rudak, A. Pe'Er, J. L. Dournaux, Andrea Bulgarelli, Frank M. Rieger, A. Djannati-Ataï, F. De Frondat, Lenka Tomankova, Moritz Hütten, Osvaldo Catalano, Hidetoshi Kubo, Tarek M. Hassan, Tomohiro Inada, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, J. Kushida, Daniel Morcuende, Jose Luis Contreras, F. Salesa Greus, Juan Cortina, Andreu Sanuy, S. Vorobiov, G. Maneva, B. Vallage, N. Maxted, N. Renault-Tinacci, P. Munar, M. Seglar-Arroyo, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Z. Ou, Anatolii Zenin, T. Tam, Miroslav Hrabovsky, G. Ambrosi, Giovanni Bonanno, R. Millul, Anastasia Maria Barbano, T. Grabarczyk, J. Zorn, D. Dominis Prester, R. D. Parsons, Luis H. S. Kadowaki, Elena Amato, M. Lallena Arquillo, I. Oya, Jacek Niemiec, Gianluca Giavitto, Marita Krause, Olaf Reimer, Josep Martí, M. Perri, Maria Chernyakova, Takeshi Nakamori, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Thomas Murach, P. Cristofari, C. Delgado, Fernando Catalani, G. La Rosa, J. Alfaro, Thomas Armstrong, J. Kocot, Léa Jouvin, Markus Böttcher, Rodrigo Nemmen, J. P. Amans, Utane Sawangwit, Y. Kobayashi, Hidetoshi Sano, D. Jankowsky, Heide Costantini, F. Arqueros, B. Bertucci, Sebastian Diebold, L. P. Taylor, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, A. Fiasson, Miroslav Filipovic, R. Moderski, T. Stolarczyk, B. Patricelli, H. Ashkar, Alessandro Costa, Jonathan Blazek, C. Trichard, M. Vecchi, T. Greenshaw, A. Morselli, V. Vitale, A. M. Brown, S. M. Colak, Lili Yang, C. Díaz, J. Rico, P. Caraveo, S. Loporchio, Orel Gueta, Daniele Gaggero, V. De Caprio, R. Wischnewski, A. Sillanpää, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Takashi Saito, I. Agudo, Yasuo Fukui, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, F. Cassol, Manuel Meyer, Reiko Orito, G. Umana, M. V. Fonseca, U. Barres de Almeida, Saverio Lombardi, D. della Volpe, Giancarlo Cusumano, M. Ostrowski, T. Montaruli, L. Tosti, Garret Cotter, Konrad Bernlöhr, Reshmi Mukherjee, Fabio Iocco, M. Palatiello, Jonathan S. Lapington, U. Straumann, R. de Cássia dos Anjos, Matteo Balbo, Lab Saha, N. Hiroshima, G. Chiaro, D. Tonev, Ermanno Pietropaolo, Atreyee Sinha, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Acharyya, A., Agudo, I., Anguner, E. O., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amans, J. -P., Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Antonelli, L. A., Aramo, C., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ashkar, H., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Balmaverde, B., Barai, P., Barbano, A., Barkov, M., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Becker Tjus, J., Bellizzi, L., Benbow, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M. I., Bernlohr, K., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Biasuzzi, B., Bigongiari, C., Bird, R., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Blazek, J., Boisson, C., Bonanno, G., Bonardi, A., Bonavolonta, C., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bottcher, M., Bregeon, J., Brill, A., Brown, A. M., Brugge, K., Brun, P., Bruno, P., Bulgarelli, A., Bulik, T., Burton, M., Burtovoi, A., Busetto, G., Cameron, R., Canestrari, R., Capalbi, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Caroff, S., Carosi, R., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cassol, F., Catalani, F., Catalano, O., Cauz, D., Cerruti, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Cieslar, M., Colak, S. M., Conforti, V., Congiu, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Cumani, P., Cusumano, G., D'Ai, A., D'Ammando, F., Dangeon, L., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caprio, V., de Cassia dos Anjos, R., De Frondat, F., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lotto, B., De Martino, D., de Naurois, M., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., Del Santo, M., Delgado, C., della Volpe, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Diaz, C., Diebold, S., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J. -L., Ebr, J., Ekoume, T. R. N., Elsasser, D., Emery, G., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fedorova, E., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Filipovic, M., Fioretti, V., Fiori, M., Flis, S., Fonseca, M. V., Fontaine, G., Freixas Coromina, L., Fukami, S., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fussling, M., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gascon, D., Gasparetto, T., Gaug, M., Ghalumyan, A., Gianotti, F., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Gironnet, J., Glicenstein, J. -F., Gnatyk, R., Goldoni, P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, M. M., Gourgouliatos, K. N., Grabarczyk, T., Granot, J., Green, D., Greenshaw, T., Grondin, M. -H., Gueta, O., Hadasch, D., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Heller, M., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hofmann, W., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Humensky, T. B., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Iocco, F., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Iwamura, Y., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jankowsky, D., Jean, P., Jouvin, L., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Kadowaki, L. H. S., Karkar, S., Kerszberg, D., Khelifi, B., Kieda, D., Kimeswenger, S., Kluzniak, W., Knapp, J., Knodlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Koch, B., Kocot, J., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kowal, G., Krause, M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kushwaha, P., La Parola, V., La Rosa, G., Lallena Arquillo, M., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Le Blanc, O., Lefaucheur, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leto, G., Lico, R., Lindfors, E., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., Lopez, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Lopez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maccarone, M. C., Mach, E., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Malaguti, G., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Marculewicz, M., Mariotti, M., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Masuda, S., Maxted, N., Mazin, D., Meunier, J. -L., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Millul, R., Minaya, I. A., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Morlino, G., Morselli, A., Moulin, E., Mukherjee, R., Munar, P., Mundell, C., Murach, T., Nagai, A., Nagayoshi, T., Naito, T., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nikolajuk, M., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nothe, M., Nozaki, S., Ohishi, M., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Ostrowski, M., Otte, N., Ou, Z., Oya, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatiello, M., Palatka, M., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pareschi, G., Parmiggiani, N., Parsons, R. D., Patricelli, B., Pe'Er, A., Pech, M., Penil Del Campo, P., Perez-Romero, J., Perri, M., Persic, M., Petrucci, P. -O., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piel, Q., Pietropaolo, E., Pohl, M., Polo, M., Poutanen, J., Prandini, E., Produit, N., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., Puhlhofer, G., Punch, M., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Reimer, O., Renault-Tinacci, N., Renier, Y., Ribeiro, D., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rizi, V., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez-Ramirez, J. C., Rodri-guez Vazquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rugliancich, A., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Salesa Greus, F., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santangelo, A., Santos-Lima, R., Sanuy, A., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Schlenstedt, S., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Sedlaczek, K., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sillanpaa, A., Sinha, A., Sironi, G., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spengler, G., Stamerra, A., Stanic, S., Stawarz, L., Stefanik, S., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Suomijarvi, T., Swierk, P., Szepieniec, T., Tagliaferri, G., Tajima, H., Tam, T., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Testa, V., Tibaldo, L., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tokanai, F., Tomankova, L., Tonev, D., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Toussenel, F., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Trichard, C., Umana, G., Vagelli, V., Valentino, M., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., Valore, L., Vandenbroucke, J., Varner, G. S., Vasileiadis, G., Vassiliev, V., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Vettolani, G. P., Viana, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vink, J., Vitale, V., Voelk, H., Vollhardt, A., Vorobiov, S., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Yang, L., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zampieri, L., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zenin, A., Zhdanov, V. I., Zimmer, S., Zorn, J., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Durham University, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Delegación Coyoacán, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), PSL Research University, INAF - Osservatorio di astrofisica e scienza dello spazio di Bologna, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INFN Sezione di Perugia, Universitá degli Studi di Perugia, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, INFN Sezione di Napoli, University of Oxford, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CNRS/IN2P3, University of Tokyo, Monash University, University of Geneva, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, INFN Sezione di Padova and Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Universidad de La Laguna, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, INFN Sezione di Torino, Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems in Mechanics and Mathematics NASU, Université Paris-Saclay, University of California, INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Radboud University Nijmegen, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, IEEC-UB, North-West University, Columbia University, TU Dortmund University, University of Warsaw, Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, Stanford University, INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, Núcleo de Astrofísica Teórica (NAT/UCS), INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano, INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polish Academy of Sciences, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Udine, University of the Witwatersrand, Dublin City University, CIEMAT, CPPM, INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia, Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Université Paris-Saclay), CSIC), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Barcelona, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università degli Studi di Bari, Universität Tübingen, Obs de Paris, University of Rijeka, Universität Würzburg, LPNHE, Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Western Sydney University, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Nagoya University, University of Amsterdam, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Trieste, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Yerevan Physics Institute, Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB, Academic Computer Centre CYFRONET AGH, The Open University of Israel, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, UMR 5797, Konan University, KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), RCPTM, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), INFN Sezione di Roma, Jagiellonian University, Physikalisches Institut, Université Paul Sabatier, University of Iowa, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Leicester, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), University of Turku, Humboldt University Berlin, Universidad de Jaén, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Physics, University of New South Wales, Universität Zürich, Hiroshima University, INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS), University of Bath, Saitama University, Yamanashi-Gakuin University, Yamagata University, Institute of Particle & Nuclear Physics, Tokushima University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Universität Potsdam, Linnaeus University, Universität Heidelberg, University of Johannesburg, University of Adelaide, Tuscaloosa, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, University of Nova Gorica, University of Wisconsin, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Ibaraki University, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Utah, USA, GBR, FRA, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Angüner, E. O., Becerra González, J., Bernlöhr, K., Bonavolontá, C., Böttcher, M., Brügge, K., Cieślar, M., D’Aí, A., D’Ammando, F., de Cássia dos Anjos, R., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Díaz, C., Djannati-Ataï, A., Elsässer, D., Füßling, M., Garcia López, R. J., González, J. M., González, M. M., Hütten, M., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Knödlseder, J., López, M., López-Coto, R., Martí, J., Martínez, M., Martínez, G., Martínez-Huerta, H., Nikołajuk, M., Nöthe, M., Pe’Er, A., Peñil Del Campo, P., Pérez-Romero, J., Pühlhofer, G., Rainò, S., Ribó, M., Rodrí-guez Vázquez, J. J., Sillanpää, A., Stanič, S., Stawarz, Ł., Świerk, P., Vázquez Acosta, M., GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: Cherenkov Telescope Array, Astronomy, Monte Carlo method, energy resolution, Monte Carlo simulations, Cherenkov telescopes, IACT technique, gamma rays, cosmic rays, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Observatory, law, site, Monte Carlo, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, observatory, Cosmic rays, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ddc:540, Física nuclear, Monte carlo studies, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, performance, FÍSICA DE ALTA ENERGIA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, energy dependence, Telescope, Optics, CTA - Abteilung Hofmann, 0103 physical sciences, Cherenkov counter: imaging, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Monte Carlo simulation, Cherenkov radiation, CTA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, sensitivity, Cosmic ray, Cherenkov telescope, gamma ray: VHE, business, Energy (signal processing), astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the major next-generation observatory for ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. It will improve the sensitivity of current ground-based instruments by a factor of five to twenty, depending on the energy, greatly improving both their angular and energy resolutions over four decades in energy (from 20 GeV to 300 TeV). This achievement will be possible by using tens of imaging Cherenkov telescopes of three successive sizes. They will be arranged into two arrays, one per hemisphere, located on the La Palma island (Spain) and in Paranal (Chile). We present here the optimised and final telescope arrays for both CTA sites, as well as their foreseen performance, resulting from the analysis of three different large-scale Monte Carlo productions.© 2019, We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project D01-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants PFB-06, FB0821, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants 3160153, 3150314, 1150411, 1161463, 1170171, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Vice-Rectory of Research internationalization grant under MINEDUC agreement PUC1566, Chile, Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS LM2015046, LTT17006 and EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, Czech Republic; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile-de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OSUG2020, P210 and OCEVU, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, 10-0033, J1-9146; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; MINECO National R+D+I, Severo Ochoa, Maria de Maeztu, CDTI, PAIDI, UJA, FPA2017-90566-REDC, Spain; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Ernest Boninchi Foundation, Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Society, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S.Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements no 262053 and no 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement no 676134.
Published: 2019

28. High Temperature Nanoindentation Testing of Amorphous SiC and B4C Thin Films

Author: Radim Ctvrtlik, Petr Schovanek, and Jan Tomastik
Subjects: Amorphous silicon, Radiation, Materials science, Boron carbide, Nanoindentation, Condensed Matter Physics, Amorphous solid, Carbide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Silicon carbide, General Materials Science, Composite material, Thin film, Elastic modulus
Abstract: Amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) and boron carbide (a-B4C) thin films were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering of SiC and B4C target, respectively. Nanoindentation tests performed up to 450 °C in air were performed to explore and compare their hardness and elastic modulus.Hardness of a-B4C film decreases at smaller rate in comparison to a-SiC film up to 450 °C. Similarly, elastic modulus value of B4C is more stable with temperature than that of a-SiC.
Published: 2016

29. An automated all-sky atmospheric monitoring camera for a next-generation ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray observatory

Author: M. Palatka, J. Farmerh, Toshihiro Fujii, John N. Matthews, Dusan Mandat, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, Petr Travnicek, M. Malacari, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Stanislav Michal, Martin Vacula, F. Salamida, Justin M. Albury, Petr Hamal, Jose A. Bellido, S. B. Thomas, Radomir Smida, Ladislav Chytka, Jiri Kvita, Petr Schovanek, Xiaochen Ni, Libor Nozka, P. Privitera, and Massimo Mastrodicasa
Subjects: Physics, Photometers, EBCCDs, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, CCDs, Si-PMTs, Etc), Visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, EMCCDs, APDs, CMOS imagers, G-APDs, Image processing, Photon detectors for UV, Sky, Ultrahigh energy, Cosmic-ray observatory, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, media_common
Published: 2020

30. The first full-scale prototypes of the fluorescence detector array of single-pixel telescopes

Author: John N. Matthews, Paolo Privitera, Ladislav Chytka, Dusan Mandat, Jose A. Bellido, John Farmer, Petr Travnicek, Petr Hamal, Petr Schovanek, Libor Nozka, Radomir Smida, S. B. Thomas, M. Palatka, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, Justin M. Albury, Toshihiro Fujii, Miroslav Hrabovský, and Max Malacari
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Aperture, Segmented mirror, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Air fluorescence detector, Cosmic ray, Calorimetry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Laser, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, business, Focus (optics)
Abstract: The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a design concept for a next-generation UHECR observatory, addressing the requirements for a large-area, low-cost detector suitable for measuring the properties of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), having energies exceeding $10^{19.5}$\,eV, with an unprecedented aperture. We have developed a full-scale prototype consisting of four 200\,mm diameter photo-multiplier tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror of 1.6\,m in diameter. In October 2016, September 2017, and September 2018 we installed three such prototypes at the Black Rock Mesa site of the Telescope Array experiment in central Utah, USA. All three telescopes have been steadily taking data since installation. We report on the design and installation of these prototypes, and present some preliminary results, including measurements of artificial light sources, distant ultraviolet lasers, and UHECRs. Furthermore, we discuss some additional uses for these simplified low-cost fluorescence telescopes, including the facilitation of a systematic comparison of the transparency of the atmosphere above the Telescope Array experiment and the Pierre Auger Observatory, a study of the systematic uncertainty associated with the existing fluorescence detectors of these two experiments, and a cross-calibration of their energy and $X_{\text{max}}$ scales., 26 pages, 23 figures
Published: 2020

31. The Full-Scale Prototype for the Fluorescence Detector Array of Single-Pixel Telescopes

Author: Miroslav Palatka, L. Nozka, Jose A. Bellido, Paolo Privitera, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Petr Schovanek, Xiaochen Ni, Toshihiro Fujii, Dusan Mandat, A. Matalon, John N. Matthews, Aygul Galimova, S. B. Thomas, John Farmer, Petr Travnicek, Maria Merolle, Max Malacari, Miroslav Pech, and Pavel Horvath
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, Pixel, business.industry, Full scale, Fluorescence spectroscopy, law.invention, Single pixel, Lens (optics), Optics, Observatory, law, Tube (fluid conveyance), business
Published: 2018

32. The Cherenkov Telescope Array potential for the study of young supernova remnants

Author: Tomasz Szepieniec, K. Nishijima, T. Grabarczyk, M. C. Maccarone, Thomas Lohse, F. de Palma, Jacek Niemiec, R. J. García López, S. Rainò, Stefan Ohm, G. Busetto, F. Nunio, G. Pareschi, Emmanuel Moulin, Michał Szanecki, Jiri Chudoba, Saverio Lombardi, M. Nievas, Massimo Persic, A. Wilhelm, A. Bonardi, D. Garrido, J. L. Dournaux, A. Förster, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Juan Abel Barrio, F. Di Pierro, K. Meagher, A. C. Rovero, Paweł Wójcik, Martina Bohacova, A. Sillanpää, Giuseppe Malaguti, R. A. Ong, Jörg R. Hörandel, Włodek Kluźniak, Henrike Fleischhack, Valerie Connaughton, Juhani Huovelin, Dusan Mandat, B. De Lotto, M. Palatka, Francesco Dazzi, A. De Franco, Carla Aramo, Martin Pohl, Anton N. Baushev, H. Siejkowski, G. Lamanna, David Berge, P. Vallania, M. Shayduk, C. van Eldik, N. Giglietto, Alicja Wierzcholska, S. Kaufmann, A. Giuliani, T. B. Humensky, T. Di Girolamo, R. López-Coto, L. Tibaldo, Masatoshi Ohishi, Pratik Majumdar, Luis Ángel Tejedor, B. S. Acharya, B. García, Gernot Maier, D. Nosek, Gagik Tovmassian, J.-P. Lenain, B. Khélifi, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Stanislav Stefanik, P. M. Chadwick, I. de la Calle, Garret Cotter, Masahiro Teshima, M. Fesquet, S. P. Wakely, William H. Lee, Andreas Quirrenbach, U. F. Katz, M. Garczarczyk, P. Romano, P. A. Caraveo, O. Tibolla, Marek Jamrozy, Nikola Godinovic, N. Otte, Hidetoshi Kubo, M. Fuessling, G. Fontaine, Rodolfo Carosi, Tarek M. Hassan, S. Vercellone, R. de los Reyes Lopez, Vito Conforti, Carlo Vigorito, Ll. Font, M. Prouza, V. Bugaev, Petr Travnicek, M. Hrabovsky, Jan Ebr, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Miroslav Pech, Reiko Orito, J. Kocot, Ana Babić, A. Morselli, A. M. Brown, B. Rudak, M. N. Mazziotta, Kathrin Egberts, F. Lucarelli, Nukri Komin, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, Ferdinando Giordano, Alicia López-Oramas, J. Carr, Nestor Mirabal, C. Di Giulio, P. Kaaret, Petr Janecek, M. Trzeciak, Stefan Wagner, T. Stolarczyk, M. Gaug, Michael G. Burton, Petr Schovanek, A. Weinstein, Maria Magdalena González, I. Telezhinsky, J. Becker Tjus, F. Gargano, Dario Hrupec, Tomasz Bulik, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA Collaboration, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Acharya, B. S., Aramo, C., Babic, A., Barrio, J. A., Baushev, A., Becker Tjus, J., Berge, D., Bohacova, M., Bonardi, A., Brown, A., Bugaev, V., Bulik, T., Burton, M., Busetto, G., Caraveo, P., Carosi, R., Carr, J., Chadwick, P., Chudoba, J., Conforti, V., Connaughton, V., Contreras, J. L., Cotter, G., Dazzi, F., De Franco, A., de la Calle, I., de los Reyes Lopez, R., De Lotto, B., De Palma, F., DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Di Giulio, C., Di Pierro, F., Dournaux, J. L., Dwarkadas, V., Ebr, J., Egberts, K., Fesquet, M., Fleischhack, H., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Förster, A., Fuessling, M., Garcia, B., Garcia López, R., Garczarczyk, M., Gargano, F., Garrido, D., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giuliani, A., Godinovic, N., Gonzalez, M. M., Grabarczyk, T., Hassan, T., Hörandel, J., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Humensky, T. B., Huovelin, J., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Kaaret, P. E., Katz, U., Kaufmann, S., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Kocot, J., Komin, N., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamanna, G., Lee, W. H., Lenain, J. P., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lucarelli, F., Maccarone, M. C., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., Malaguti, G., Mandat, D., Mazziotta, M. N., Meagher, K., Mirabal, N., Morselli, A., Moulin, E., Niemiec, J., Nievas, M., Nishijima, K., Nosek, D., Nunio, F., Ohishi, M., Ohm, S., Ong, R. A., Orito, R., Otte, N., Palatka, M., Pareschi, G., Pech, M., Persic, M., Pohl, M., Prouza, M., Quirrenbach, A., Rainó, S., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Romano, P., Rovero, A. C., Rudak, B., Schovanek, P., Shayduk, M., Siejkowski, H., Sillanpää, A., Stefanik, S., Stolarczyk, T., Szanecki, M., Szepieniec, T., Tejedor, L. A., Telezhinsky, I., Teshima, M., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Trzeciak, M., Vallania, P., van Eldik, C., Vercellone, S., Vigorito, C., Wagner, S. J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wierzcholska, A., Wilhelm, A., Wojcik, P., and Yoshikoshi, T.
Subjects: Non-termal. [Radiation mechanisms], [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Acceleration of particles, PARTICLE-ACCELERATION, GAMMA RAYS, Ciencias Físicas, Milky Way, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, REVERSE SHOCKS, Gamma rays: General, ISM: Supernova remnants, Radiation mechanisms: Non-termal, General, non-termal [radiation mechanisms], Cherenkov radiation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, acceleration of particles, Physics, CTA, supernova remnants [ISM], MAGNETIC-FIELD, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, AMPLIFICATION, Gamma-ray astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, COSMIC-RAYS, DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION, GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY, CASSIOPEIA-A, MILKY-WAY, EMISSION, Astronomía, Particle acceleration, Cassiopeia A, Supernova, SUPERNOVA REMNANTS, ddc:540, general [gamma rays], CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: Supernova remnants (SNRs) are among the most important targets for γ-ray observatories. Being prominent non-thermal sources, they are very likely responsible for the acceleration of the bulk of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs). To firmly establish the SNR paradigm for the origin of cosmic rays, it should be confirmed that protons are indeed accelerated in, and released from, SNRs with the appropriate flux and spectrum. This can be done by detailed theoretical models which account for microphysics of acceleration and various radiation processes of hadrons and leptons. The current generation of Cherenkov telescopes has insufficient sensitivity to constrain theoretical models. A new facility, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), will have superior capabilities and may finally resolve this long standing issue of high-energy astrophysics. We want to assess the capabilities of CTA to reveal the physics of various types of SNRs in the initial 2000 years of their evolution. During this time, the efficiency to accelerate cosmic rays is highest. We perform time-dependent simulations of the hydrodynamics, the magnetic fields, the cosmic-ray acceleration, and the non-thermal emission for type Ia, Ic and IIP SNRs. We calculate the CTA response to the γ-ray emission from these SNRs for various ages and distances, and we perform a realistic analysis of the simulated data. We derive distance limits for the detectability and resolvability of these SNR types at several ages. We test the ability of CTA to reconstruct their morphological and spectral parameters as a function of their distance. Finally, we estimate how well CTA data will constrain the theoretical models. Fil: Acharya, B. S.. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; India Fil: Aramo, C.. INFN; Italia Fil: Babic, A.. Rudjer Boskovic Institute; Croacia Fil: Barrio, J. A.. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España Fil: Baushev, A.. Universität Potsdam; Alemania Fil: Becker Tjus, J.. Ruhr-universität Bochum; Alemania Fil: Berge, D.. University of Amsterdam; Países Bajos Fil: Bohacova, M.. Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; República Checa Fil: Bonardi, A.. Universität Tübingen; Alemania Fil: Brown, A.. Durham University; Reino Unido Fil: Bugaev, V.. Washington University; Estados Unidos Fil: Bulik, T.. University of Warsaw; Polonia Fil: Burton, M.. University Of New South Wales; Australia Fil: Busetto, G.. Universitá degli Studi di Padova; Italia Fil: Caraveo, P.. Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica; Italia Fil: Carosi, R.. INFN; Italia Fil: Carr, J.. Aix-Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Chadwick, P.. Durham University; Reino Unido Fil: Chudoba, J.. Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; República Checa Fil: Conforti, V.. Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica; Italia Fil: Connaughton, V.. University of Alabama; Estados Unidos Fil: Contreras, J. L.. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España Fil: Cotter, G.. University of Oxford; Reino Unido Fil: Dazzi, F.. Universitá degli Studi di Padova; Italia Fil: De Franco, A.. t University of Oxford; Reino Unido Fil: de la Calle, I.. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España Fil: de los Reyes Lopez, R.. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik; Alemania Fil: De Lotto, B.. University of Udine; Italia Fil: Garcia, Beatriz Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas. Subsede del Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Rovero, Adrian Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina Fil: The Cta Consortium.
Published: 2015

33. Control Software for the SST-1M Small-Size Telescope prototype for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: Cyril Martin Alispach, Karol Seweryn, Vitalii Sliusar, T. Bulik, Jacek Niemiec, M. Heller, Miroslav Pech, Victor Coco, E. Mach, M. Stodulska, J. Rafalski, D. della Volpe, Yannick Favre, Jerzy Kasperek, Pawel Rajda, K. Zietara, Lukasz Stawarz, Etienne Lyard, Petr Schovanek, Rafał Moderski, W. Bilnik, Andrii Neronov, Marek Jamrozy, Teresa Montaruli, Imen Al Samarai, Frank Raphael Cadoux, M. Więcek, J. Blocki, Dusan Mandat, M. Grudzińska, Isaac Troyano Pujadas, K. Skowron, T.R.N. Ekoume, Michał Ostrowski, Jerzy Michalowski, K. Lalik, A. Zagdański, Marek Stodulski, Mateusz Janiak, Roland Walter, A. Frankowski, and Pawel Pasko
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Cherenkov Telescope Array, CAN bus, law.invention, Telescope, Software, Data acquisition, Interfacing, law, Software design, business, Computer hardware
Abstract: The SST-1M is a 4-m Davies-Cotton atmospheric Cherenkov telescope optimized to provide gamma-ray sensitivity above a few TeV. The SST-1M is proposed as part of the Small-Size Telescope array for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the first prototype has already been deployed. The SST-1M control software of all subsystems (active mirror control, drive system, safety system, photo-detection plane, DigiCam, CCD cameras) and the whole telescope itself (master controller) uses the standard software design proposed for all CTA telescopes based on the ALMA Common Software (ACS) developed to control the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). Each subsystem is represented by a separate ACS component, which handles the communication to and the operation of the subsystem. Interfacing with the actual hardware is performed via the OPC UA communication protocol, supported either natively by dedicated industrial standard servers (PLCs) or separate service applications developed to wrap lower level protocols (e.g. CAN bus, camera slow control) into OPC UA. Early operations of the telescope without the camera were already carried out. The camera is fully assembled and is capable to perform data acquisition using artificial light source.
Published: 2017

34. The Prototype Opto-mechanical System for the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes

Author: Toshihiro Fujii, Libor Nozka, Aygul Galimova, Maria Merolle, Stan B. Thomas, Justin M. Albury, John Farmer, Dusan Mandat, Miroslav Palatka, John Matthews, Xiaochen Ni, Petr Travnicek, Paolo Privitera, Max Malacari, Jose A. Bellido, A. Matalon, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, Miroslav Hrabovsky, and Petr Schovanek
Subjects: Physics, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Aperture, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Fluorescence spectroscopy, law.invention, Single pixel, Telescope, Mechanical system, Optics, law, Calibration, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business
Abstract: We present the opto-mechanical design of a new generation fluorescence telescope for the de- tection of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). The Fluorescence detector Array of Single- pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a proposed low-cost, large-area, next-generation experiment for the detection of UHECRs via the atmospheric fluorescence technique. The telescope is of a simpli- fied Schmidt design, suitable for a camera consisting of only a few large pixels. The telescope has a 1 m2 entrance aperture, and a field-of-view of 30◦ × 30◦ . We present the optical design of the prototype telescope as well as the mirror alignment and pointing calibration procedures. The prototype of the FAST telescope is installed at the Black Rock Mesa site of the Telescope Array Experiment.
Published: 2017

35. Characterization and commissioning of the SST1M camera for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: Ł. Grudnik, A. Neronov, M. Grudzińska, P. J. Rajda, J. Blocki, Petr Schovanek, K. Lalik, J. Michałowski, Mohamed Rameez, Jacek Niemiec, Teresa Montaruli, M. Stodulska, W. Bilnik, J. Kasperek, M. Dyrda, A. Zagdański, L. D. Medina Miranda, E. jr. Schioppa, Dusan Mandat, J. Borkowski, Juanan Aguilar, K. Seweryn, R. Moderski, M. Janiak, K. Skowron, A. Porcelli, M. Sowiński, Vitalii Sliusar, M. Stodulski, Leszek Bogacz, I. Troyano Pujadas, B. Idźkowski, K. Ziȩtara, A. Marszałek, A. Frankowski, Łukasz Stawarz, P. Żychowski, R. Walter, M. Heller, M. Wiȩcek, E. Prandini, D. della Volpe, Miroslav Pech, Yannick Favre, Simona Toscano, P. Paśko, M. Curyło, E. Mach, Frank Raphael Cadoux, Marek Jamrozy, Tomasz Bulik, A. Christov, Michal Ostrowski, E. Lyard, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Aguilar, J. A., Bilnik, W., Blocki, J., Bogacz, L., Borkowski, J., Bulik, T., Cadoux, F., Christov, A., Curylo, M., della Volpe, D., Dyrda, M., Favre, Y., Frankowski, A., Grudnik, L., Grudzinska, M., Heller, M., Idzkowski, B., Jamrozy, M., Janiak, M., Kasperek, J., Lalik, K., Lyard, E., Mach, E., Mandat, D., Marszalek, A., Medina Miranda, L. D., Michalowski, J., Moderski, R., Montaruli, T., Neronov, A., Niemiec, J., Ostrowski, M., Pasko, P., Pech, M., Porcelli, A., Prandini, E., Rajda, P., Rameez, M., Schioppa, E., Schovanek, P., Seweryn, K., Skowron, K., Sliusar, V., Sowinski, M., Stawarz, L., Stodulska, M., Stodulski, M., Toscano, S., Troyano Pujadas, I., Walter, R., Wiecek, M., Zagdanski, A., Zietara, K., and Zychowski, P.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High-Speed electronic, Preamplifier, Segmented mirror, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, SiPM, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, High-Speed electronics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, ADC, CTA, FPGA, G-APD, Gamma-ray Astronomy, PhotoDetection, SST-1Â M, Instrumentation, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, SST-1 M, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Field-programmable gate array, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, business, Computer hardware
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the next generation very high energy gamma-rays observatory, will consist of three types of telescopes: large (LST), medium (MST) and small (SST) size telescopes. The SSTs are dedicated to the observation of gamma-rays with energy between a few TeV and a few hundreds of TeV. The SST array is expected to have 70 telescopes of different designs. The single-mirror small size telescope (SST-1 M) is one of the proposed telescope designs under consideration for the SST array. It will be equipped with a 4 m diameter segmented mirror dish and with an innovative camera based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The challenge is not only to build a telescope with exceptional performance but to do it foreseeing its mass production. To address both of these challenges, the camera adopts innovative solutions both for the optical system and readout. The Photo-Detection Plane (PDP) of the camera is composed of 1296 pixels, each made of a hollow, hexagonal light guide coupled to a hexagonal SiPM designed by the University of Geneva and Hamamatsu. As no commercial ASIC would satisfy the CTA requirements when coupled to such a large sensor, dedicated preamplifier electronics have been designed. The readout electronics also use an innovative approach in gamma-ray astronomy by adopting a fully digital approach. All signals coming from the PDP are digitized in a 250 MHz Fast ADC and stored in ring buffers waiting for a trigger decision to send them to the pre-processing server where calibration and higher level triggers will decide whether the data are stored. The latest generation of FPGAs is used to achieve high data rates and also to exploit all the flexibility of the system. As an example each event can be flagged according to its trigger pattern. All of these features have been demonstrated in laboratory measurements on realistic elements and the results of these measurements will be presented in this contribution.
Published: 2017

36. Performance of a small size telescope (SST-1M) camera for gamma-ray astronomy with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: Hiroshi Nagai, Tomasz Bulik, M. Heller, Jacek Niemiec, S. Kowalski, Petr Schovanek, E. Mach, M. Grudzińska, R. Moderski, Etienne Lyard, C. Alispach, Pawel Rajda, Miroslav Pech, P. K. Skowronski, Teresa Montaruli, A. Neronov, V. Sliusar, Pawel Pasko, M. Ostrowski, R. Walter, D. della Volpe, I. Al Samarai, Marek Jamrozy, J. Borkowski, J. Rafalski, Yannick Favre, Dusan Mandat, A. Zagdański, Petr Travnicek, Marek Stodulski, I. Troyano Pujadas, Jerzy Michalowski, K. Zietara, Franck Cadoux, Lukasz Stawarz, Cta Sst M Project, M. Stodulska, Jerzy Kasperek, T. R. S. Njoh Ekoume, and Victor Coco
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, Test setup, business.industry, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Gamma-ray astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Galaxy, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The foreseen implementations of the Small Size Telescopes (SST) in CTA will provide unique insights into the highest energy gamma rays offering fundamental means to discover and under- stand the sources populating the Galaxy and our local neighborhood. Aiming at such a goal, the SST-1M is one of the three different implementations that are being prototyped and tested for CTA. SST-1M is a Davies-Cotton single mirror telescope equipped with a unique camera technology based on SiPMs with demonstrated advantages over classical photomultipliers in terms of duty-cycle. In this contribution, we describe the telescope components, the camera, and the trigger and readout system. The results of the commissioning of the camera using a dedicated test setup are then presented. The performances of the camera first prototype in terms of expected trigger rates and trigger efficiencies for different night-sky background conditions are presented, and the camera response is compared to end-to-end simulations., Comment: All CTA contributions at arXiv:1709.03483
Published: 2017
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37. First light on a new fully digital camera based on SiPM for CTA SST-1M telescope

Author: Matthieu Heller, Mira Grudzińska, Cyril Martin Alispach, J. Borkowski, Tomasz Bulik, Jerzy Michalowski, Andrii Neronov, Dusan Mandat, Michał Ostrowski, Karol Seweryn, Etienne Lyard, K. Skowron, Franck Cadoux, D. della Volpe, Jakub Rafalski, Jacek Niemiec, Petr Travnicek, T. R. S. Njoh Ekoume, Teresa Montaruli, Pawel Rajda, K. Zietara, Yannick Favre, Roland Walter, Isaac Troyano Pujadas, P. Paśko, E. Mach, Petr Schovanek, M. Stodulska, Victor Coco, Marek Jamrozy, Łukasz Stawarz, Jerzy Kasperek, Imen Al Samarai, Miroslav Pech, Rafał Moderski, Vitalii Sliusar, Marek Stodulski, and A. Zagdański
Subjects: Physics, business.product_category, Pixel, business.industry, IACT, First light, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, law, business, Cherenkov radiation, Digital camera
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will explore with unprecedented precision the Universe in the gammaray domain covering an energy range from 50 GeV to more the 300 TeV. To cover such a broad range with a sensitivity which will be ten time better than actual instruments, different types of telescopes are needed: the Large Size Telescopes (LSTs), with a ∼24 m diameter mirror, a Medium Size Telescopes (MSTs), with a ∼12 m mirror and the small size telescopes (SSTs), with a ∼4 m diameter mirror. The single mirror small size telescope (SST-1M), one of the proposed solutions to become part of the small-size telescopes of CTA, will be equipped with an innovative camera. The SST-1M has a Davies-Cotton optical design with a mirror dish of 4 m diameter and focal ratio 1.4 focussing the Cherenkov light produced in atmospheric showers onto a 90 cm wide hexagonal camera providing a FoV of 9 degrees. The camera is an innovative design based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPM ) and adopting a fully digital trigger and readout architecture. The camera features 1296 custom designed large area hexagonal SiPM coupled to hollow optical concentrators to achieve a pixel size of almost 2.4 cm. The SiPM is a custom design developed with Hamamatsu and with its active area of almost 1 cm 2 is one of the largest monolithic SiPM existing. Also the optical concentrators are innovative being light funnels made of a polycarbonate substrate coated with a custom designed UV-enhancing coating. The analog signals coming from the SiPM are fed into the fully digital readout electronics, where digital data are processed by high-speed FPGAs both for trigger and readout. The trigger logic, implemented into an Virtex 7 FPGA, uses the digital data to elaborate a trigger decision by matching data against predefined patterns. This approach is extremely flexible and allows improvements and continued evolutions of the system. The prototype camera is being tested in laboratory prior to its installation expected in fall 2017 on the telescope prototype in Krakow (Poland). In this contribution, we will describe the design of the camera and show the performance measured in laboratory.
Published: 2017

38. Astrophysical interpretation of Pierre Auger Observatory measurements of the UHECR energy spectrum and mass composition

Author: R. Conceição, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, J. L. Harton, S. G. Blaess, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, M. E. Bertaina, Alan Watson, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Diogo, M. Zavrtanik, R. M. de Almeida, D. Reinert, Stijn Buitink, Andrea Chiavassa, M. Malacari, C. Scarso, P. Heimann, Andrej Filipcic, M. Suarez Durán, L. Lopes, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, D. Nitz, M. Settimo, Hernan Wahlberg, David Walz, O. A. Taborda, R. Squartini, R. R. Prado, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, Petr Schovanek, M. T. Dova, Radomir Smida, J.E. Swain, R. Sato, G. Torralba Elipe, E.M. Holt, L. R. Wiencke, R. Krause, P. Ristori, O. Kambeitz, A. Saleh, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Ph. Lebrun, Denis Stanca, Olivier Ravel, S. Jansen, A. Fuster, M. Trini, Alejandro Almela, G. Cataldi, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, L. Valore, P.H. Nguyen, E. Mayotte, M. Ambrosio, V. Scherini, A. Śmiałkowski, Philipp Papenbreer, G. Medina-Tanco, David Wittkowski, A. C. Rovero, Lili Yang, G. van Aar, Alexandra Saftoiu, J.R. Hörandel, Mario Buscemi, Sarka Wykes, Stefan Müller, Alexandru Balaceanu, I. Jandt, Ana Martina Botti, Manuela Mallamaci, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Piotr Homola, R. Ramos-Pollant, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, D. Martello, Ralf Ulrich, A. Bridgeman, Muller, B. Caccianiga, I. Allekotte, M. Ziolkowski, Silvia Mollerach, W. R. de Carvalho, O. Martínez Bravo, C. J. Todero Peixoto, J. J. Beatty, Paul Sommers, L. Ochilo, I. A. Minaya, B. Keilhauer, S. J. Saffi, B. Vargas Cárdenas, T. Suomijärvi, Marco Giammarchi, A. Blanco, R. Piegaia, N. Fazzini, N. Krohm, P. Gouffon, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, S. J. Sciutto, Dusan Mandat, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, M. J. Cooper, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Tobias Winchen, Julien Aublin, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Octavian Fratu, H. Martinez, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, C. Medina, Miroslav Pech, J. Chudoba, R.C. dos Anjos, J. Espadanal, J. Pȩkala, H. Wilczyński, Markus Lauscher, J. Phuntsok, Markus Roth, H. J. Mathes, Pavel Horvath, L. del Peral, D. LaHurd, M. Palatka, Günter Sigl, G. De Mauro, Martin Erdmann, I. Valiño, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Andrej Dundovic, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Maria Rita Coluccia, V. M. Theodoro, Roger W Clay, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Stefano D'Amico, M. I. Micheletti, G. Matthiae, A. N. Yushkov, Antonio Bueno, M. Josebachuili, J. Neuser, Johannes Schulz, R. Engel, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, G. S. Varner, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, Sofia Andringa, Valerio Verzi, J. Hulsman, J. Vicha, A. Valbuena-Delgado, Lenka Tomankova, Dariusz Glas, J. Rodriguez Rojo, A. Tepe, Florian Lukas Briechle, A. G. Chavez, Gualberto Avila, Brian Fick, Enrique Zas, Jose Chinellato, B. Tome, Benedikt Zimmermann, Luca Latronico, Pascal Lautridou, A. C. Fauth, Angela V. Olinto, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, Darko Veberic, Alberto Filevich, Bruno Daniel, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, A. van Vliet, Foteini Oikonomou, J. J. Masías Meza, T. Paul, R. Pelayo, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, S. Querchfeld, S. Sonntag, Francesco Strafella, J. A. Matthews, Jaime Rosado, Ugo Giaccari, R. Cester, A. Cancio, Ioana Codrina Maris, Nicusor Arsene, P. Privitera, A. Tapia, F. Guarino, Peter Buchholz, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Ricardo Vázquez, G. C. Hill, Takahiro Fujii, I.M. Brancus, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, A. Dorofeev, J. Ridky, Igor Katkov, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, L. Villaseñor, Lukas Middendorf, Christine Peters, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Daniela Mockler, J. W. Cronin, P. van Bodegom, Nataliia Borodai, S. J. De Jong, Gregory R. Snow, Pierre Billoir, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Xavier Bertou, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, A. Gorgi, L. Perrone, D. Torres Machado, D. Nosek, A.M. van den Berg, Thomas Harrison, P. Pieroni, F. Arqueros, A. Weindl, H. Nožka, M. Schauer, G. Kukec Mezek, P. H. Hansen, Carla Bleve, Belén Andrada, G. Golup, N. Kunka, D. Heck, D. Yelos, Peter Gorham, M. L. Díaz Castro, L. Collica, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, G. Farrar, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, A. Menshikov, Luis A. Anchordoqui, J. Sorokin, L.A.S. Pereira, A. Di Matteo, Francesca Zuccarello, Petr Travnicek, Rodríguez-Frías, Alan Coleman, Raul Sarmento, Trent D. Grubb, H.O. Klages, B. Wundheiler, R. Rebolo Lopez, P. H. Kasper, Juan Manuel Figueira, Frank G. Schröder, Marco Torri, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, S. Messina, V. Novotny, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, J. Kleinfeller, A. Tonachini, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, Marcus Niechciol, A.D. Supanitsky, Sutherland, R. M. Kieckhafer, J. Rautenberg, Kai Daumiller, O. Wainberg, Richard Dallier, Francisco Pedreira, Thomas Bretz, Corbin Covault, Matías Rolf Hampel, S. Navas, Lino Miramonti, Joshua A. Gordon, Gaia Silli, F. Sanchez, F. Sarazin, K. H. Kampert, S. Petrera, Leigui de Oliveira, J. F. Valdés Galicia, A. Hervé, B. Revenu, I. De Mitri, J. R. Vázquez, M. Platino, T. Huege, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, A. Parra, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Harari, G. Müller, Ivo Nicolas Naranjo, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Prouza, Jeffrey Brack, M. Risse, Olaf Scholten, Jonathan Blazek, A. Schulz, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, Miguel Mostafa, R. Legumina, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Marsella, A. López Casado, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, Samo Stanič, Quentin Luce, Alex Kääpä, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Colin Baus, Martín Miguel Freire, M. Weber, Octavian Sima, V. Pirronello, H. Schieler, Antonella Castellina, G. P. Guedes, Jorn Schumacher, J. Debatin, A. Shadkam, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, P. L. Ghia, David Schmidt, Michael Urban, I. Al Samarai, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, S. Quinn, A. Segreto, Florian Gaté, V. de Souza, Eun-Joo Ahn, François Montanet, L. Caramete, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, L. Nellen, C. Morello, Peter L. Biermann, A. M. Kuotb Awad, J. A. J. Matthews, Paula Gina Isar, F. Salesa Greus, Nicolás González, Esteban Roulet, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Q. Hasankiadeh, Z. Zong, B. Gookin, E. M. Santos, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, L. Niemietz, Tim Niggemann, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, C. Porowski, Denise Boncioli, A. Aab, J. Biteau, Luis A. Nunez, Elton J. G. Santos, and K. Link
Subjects: Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Généralités, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Interpretation (model theory), Acceleration, Physics and Astronomy (all), Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, Mass spectrum, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010306 general physics
Abstract: We present a combined fit of a simple astrophysical model of UHECR sources to both the energy spectrum and mass composition data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The fit has been performed for energies above 5 EeV, i.e. the region of the all-particle spectrum above the so-called "ankle"' feature. The astrophysical model we adopted consists of identical sources uniformly distributed in a comoving volume, where nuclei are accelerated with a rigidity-dependent mechanism. The fit results suggest sources characterized by relatively low maximum injection energies and hard spectral indices. The impact of various systematic uncertainties on the above result is discussed., 0, SCOPUS: cp.p, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2017
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39. Impact of atmospheric effects on the energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Marco Torri, Denis Stanca, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, M. Platino, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, Alexandru Balaceanu, Vincenzo Rizi, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, I. Jandt, Ralf Ulrich, R. Piegaia, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, C. J. Todero Peixoto, N. Krohm, Alexandra Saftoiu, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, J. Espadanal, H. Wilczyński, B. García, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, Jose Chinellato, J. Kleinfeller, J. D. Swain, Martin Erdmann, E. Santos, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, G. Torralba Elipe, Markus Roth, A. Letessier-Selvon, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, R. Krause, A. Śmiałkowski, Roger W Clay, D. Melo, P. Ruehl, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Stefano D'Amico, Lorenzo Cazon, A. Fuster, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, S. Sonntag, J. J. Beatty, J. Pȩkala, L. Valore, I.D. Vergara Quispe, Mariangela Settimo, L. Nellen, N. Fazzini, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, B. Vargas Cárdenas, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, A. van Vliet, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, Thomas Bretz, I. Valiño, C. Morello, J. Neuser, Corbin Covault, M. Zavrtanik, Piotr Homola, Julien Aublin, M. Josebachuili, David Walz, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, M. Suarez Durán, Matías Rolf Hampel, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, R. M. Kieckhafer, David Wittkowski, Hernan Wahlberg, G. Salina, Igor Katkov, Eric Mayotte, M. Gómez Berisso, M. I. Micheletti, R. R. Prado, J. Rautenberg, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, A. Parra, O. Wainberg, P. Ristori, Peter L. Biermann, M. Trini, S. Quinn, G. Kukec Mezek, Lino Miramonti, F. Sarazin, R. C. Shellard, A. Cancio, E. Varela, I. Allekotte, Dusan Mandat, Johannes Schulz, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Paolo Privitera, L. Villaseñor, S. Petrera, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Brian Fick, Marc Weber, Michael Unger, Francesco Strafella, I. De Mitri, Mario Buscemi, A. Segreto, Günter Sigl, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, P. Heimann, Florian Lukas Briechle, J. Hulsman, A. Menshikov, Z. Zong, Petr Schovanek, A. Aab, Julian Kemp, G. Matthiae, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Roberto Mussa, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, E. Kemp, R. Sato, Marco Giammarchi, L. Caramete, Serguei Vorobiov, J. R. Vázquez, D. Torres Machado, Alex Kääpä, Antonio Bueno, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Harari, D. Garcia-Pinto, Colin Baus, O. A. Taborda, Lourenco Lopes, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, François Montanet, R. Squartini, G. S. Varner, T. Paul, Alfred Müller, L. Ochilo, P. Gouffon, H. Schieler, M. J. Cooper, H. Martinez, Carla Bleve, Karl-Heinz Kampert, F. Sánchez, Belén Andrada, Carlos Medina, Federico Suarez, Ricardo Vázquez, Ivo Nicolas Naranjo, Antonella Castellina, Paula Gina Isar, F. Salesa Greus, Gualberto Avila, M. Risse, Jonathan Blazek, G. C. Hill, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Radomir Smida, G. Medina-Tanco, G. van Aar, A. Di Matteo, Maria Rita Coluccia, Bruno Daniel, I. C. Mariç, Ralph Engel, M. Mallamaci, B. Wundheiler, Foteini Oikonomou, J. J. Masías Meza, G. De Mauro, C. Aramo, Gregory R Snow, P. H. Kasper, Jonathan Biteau, M. Prouza, Nicolás González, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, J. Ridky, Angela V. Olinto, Jörg R. Hörandel, B. Mitrica, S. Müller, Heino Falcke, E.M. Holt, Nicusor Arsene, A. Tapia, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, R. Legumina, Esteban Roulet, H. Gemmeke, J. Vicha, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, G. Marsella, A. Saleh, Maria-Teresa Dova, Q. Hasankiadeh, M. Perlin, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, P. H. Nguyen, D. Nosek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, R.J. Barreira Luz, E. M. Santos, Alejandro Almela, H.O. Klages, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, S. Messina, Johannes Schumacher, Andrej Dundovic, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, Octavian Fratu, Valerio Verzi, B. Tome, G. Müller, Dariusz Glas, R.C. dos Anjos, V. de Souza, M. Palatka, A. Bridgeman, Luis A. Nunez, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, S. J. Saffi, C. Porowski, Denise Boncioli, Marcus Niechciol, S. Querchfeld, M. J. Roncoroni, L. Niemietz, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, Francesca Zuccarello, Tim Niggemann, I. Al Samarai, A. Criss, L. A. S. Pereira, Q. Luce, A. Taboada, G. P. Guedes, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Toshihiro Fujii, J. Debatin, A. Shadkam, Markus Lauscher, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, F. Pedreira, J. Phuntsok, Piera Luisa Ghia, Raul Sarmento, H. J. Mathes, A. Weindl, P. Stassi, David Schmidt, J. Rodriguez Rojo, A. G. Chavez, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, Octavian Sima, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, M. Schauer, B. Revenu, D. Heck, Peter Gorham, Charles Timmermans, L. Collica, T. Huege, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, C. A. Sarmiento, F. Gate, Peter Hansen, Miguel Mostafa, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, L. Tomankova, Alessio Gorgi, F. Guarino, John Matthews, A. López Casado, Samo Stanič, Peter Buchholz, R. Gaior, I.M. Brancus, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Thomas Harrison, H. Glass, Martín Miguel Freire, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, V. Pirronello, Marco Aglietta, P. Pieroni, M. E. Bertaina, F. Arqueros, Alan Watson, Kai Daumiller, Martina Bohacova, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, J. Alvarez Castillo, K. Link, J. Sorokin, A. Lucero, Miroslav Hrabovský, O. Kambeitz, M. Schimp, A. Haungs, A. Kuotb Awad, J. L. Harton, S. G. Blaess, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, Ana Martina Botti, F. Diogo, V. Novotny, Rossella Caruso, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, R. M. de Almeida, Lukas Middendorf, Christine Peters, Miroslav Pech, A. Yushkov, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, Pavel Horvath, D. Yelos, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Hernán Asorey, R. Ramos-Pollan, Sofia Andringa, Marcio Aparecido Muller, H. Nožka, Daniela Mockler, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. W. Cronin, P. van Bodegom, G. Golup, Nataliia Borodai, N. Kunka, S. J. De Jong, Pierre Billoir, Ugo Giaccari, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Philipp Papenbreer, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Petr Travnicek, Alan Coleman, Trent D. Grubb, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, I. A. Minaya, B. Keilhauer, André Schulz, S. J. Sciutto, D. Nitz, A. E. Herve, L. R. Wiencke, S. Jansen, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Pierre AUGER, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Samarai, I. Al, Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balaceanu, A., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Chavez, A. G., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Criss, A., Cronin, J., D'Amico, S., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., Mauro, G. De, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, Mitri, I. De, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., Deligny, O., Giulio, C. Di, Matteo, A. Di, Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Anjos, R. C. do, Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Gaior, R., García, B., Garcia Pinto, D., Gaté, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, González, N., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Hasankiadeh, Q., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kemp, J., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Mezek, G. Kukec, Kunka, N., Awad, A. Kuotb, Lahurd, D., Lauscher, M., Lebrun, P., Legumina, R., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., Casado, A. López, Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariç, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Meza, J. J. Masía, Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Müller, G., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Naranjo, I., Nellen, L., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, H., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Selmi Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlín, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigue, Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rogozin, D., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento, C. A., Sato, R., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strafella, F., Suarez, F., Durán, M. Suarez, Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Machado, D. Torre, Torri, M., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdé, Valiño, I., Valore, Laura, Aar, G. van, Bodegom, P. van, Berg, A. M. van den, Vliet, A. van, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Varga, Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yelos, D., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., Zuccarello, F., Bleve, Carla, Colalillo, R., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, D'Amico, Stefano, DE MITRI, Ivan, Guarino, F., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Perrone, Lorenzo, Strafella, Francesco, Valore, L., Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov detectors, Data analysis, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Systematic effects, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Cherenkov detectors Data analysis, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Nuclear physics, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Density of air, High Energy Physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Física, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, RECONHECIMENTO DE PADRÕES, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Event (particle physics), ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, atmospheric effects, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Atmospheric conditions, such as the pressure (P), temperature (T) or air density ( / P=T), affect the development of extended air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We study the impact of the atmospheric variations on the reconstruction of air showers with data from the arrays of surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory, considering separately the one with detector spacings of 1500m and the one with 750m spacing. We observe modulations in the event rates that are due to the influence of the air density and pressure variations on the measured signals, from which the energy estimators are obtained. We show how the energy assignment can be corrected to account for such atmospheric effects., La lista completa de autores puede verse al final del archivo asociado a este registro., Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2017

40. Prospects for Cherenkov Telescope Array Observations of the Young Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7−3946

Author: Csaba Balázs, M. Servillat, F. D'Ammando, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, A. Bilinsky, H.-S. Zechlin, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Satoshi Yoshiike, Catherine Boisson, Philippe Laporte, K. Nishijima, Yutaka Fujita, T. Armstrong, A. Shalchi, S. Kimura, D. Nakajima, Fuyuki Tokanai, Francesco Longo, S. Pavy, Philip Kaaret, W. van Driel, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, L. Nogués, F. Di Pierro, Wystan Benbow, T. Stolarczyk, Marco Padovani, T. Di Girolamo, Johan Bregeon, J. Rico, R. Wischnewski, A. Sillanpää, T. Grabarczyk, E. Pueschel, P. Blasi, S. D. Vergani, A. De Franco, C. Bonavolontà, J. Prast, J. Zorn, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Giuseppe Malaguti, A. Pe'Er, Stefano Covino, Akira Okumura, Takashi Saito, C. Aramo, Hermine Landt, R. Zanin, E. Fedorova, Shinji Hara, Yutaka Ohira, Petr Janecek, Petar Temnikov, T. B. Humensky, E. Fiandrini, C. Townsley, R. J. White, A. Fiasson, Koji Noda, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Y. Ikeno, Elena Amato, Yasuo Fukui, J. P. Lees, M. Nievas-Rosillo, Vito Conforti, Kazunori Kohri, I. Oya, M. Trifoglio, Gavin Rowell, Jacek Niemiec, Juan Abel Barrio, R. Walter, Stefan Wagner, Teresa Mineo, J. J. Watson, Reiko Orito, Masahiro Teshima, Jim Hinton, A. Pisarski, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, F. De Frondat, Robert Wagner, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, G. Morlino, Thomas Lohse, B. Rudak, Olaf Reimer, Josep Martí, Subir Sarkar, Martin White, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, Michiyuki Chikawa, Dusan Mandat, T. Montaruli, M. Mohammed, M. Iori, Oscar Blanch, Giovanni Bonanno, Benjamin Koch, M. A. Lopez, Julien Rousselle, M. Heller, Yusuke Konno, G. Maurin, J. Palacio, S. Gunji, C. Di Giulio, M. Zavrtanik, J.-P. Lenain, Adrian Biland, Michael Backes, Miroslav Filipovic, M. I. Martínez, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, J. M. Paredes, G. Fontaine, R. Moderski, A.A. Zdziarski, D. Tescaro, V. Vassiliev, C. van Eldik, H. Siejkowski, Stefan Kimeswenger, Shu Koyama, A. Bonardi, R. Gnatyk, S. Vorobiov, Oleh Petruk, M. Del Santo, Michał Szanecki, C. Delgado, Carole Mundell, Tomasz Szepieniec, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, M. Capalbi, Kunihito Ioka, Jonathan Granot, Bohdan Novosyadlyj, Petr Schovanek, A. Weinstein, M. Stephan, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, L. Valore, Sabrina Einecke, P. Goldoni, J. Jacquemier, Hiroshi Muraishi, Andreas Quirrenbach, Takeshi Nakamori, Stefan Ohm, G. Busetto, Marcos Santander, A. Wierzcholska, Jaime Rosado, M. Yoshida, M. Huetten, S. Eschbach, Tatsuo Yoshida, Tomasz Bulik, Gino Tosti, Valentina Fioretti, Makoto Sawada, D. Zavrtanik, P. A. Caraveo, Mohamed Rameez, Sylvain Chaty, Nu. Komin, D. Dumas, Michael Zacharias, J. M. Huet, Reshmi Mukherjee, F. Lucarelli, L. Di Venere, Shuta J. Tanaka, F. de Palma, Shiu-Hang Lee, A. W. Chen, A. Giuliani, R. L. C. Starling, V. Beshley, Jonathan S. Lapington, Gilles Ferrand, Giovanni Covone, Rodrigo Nemmen, Tsuyoshi Inoue, R. C. Shellard, P. Cumani, G. Lamanna, Stefan Funk, Michele Doro, Koji Mori, G. Pühlhofer, Hidetoshi Sano, Susumu Inoue, Luis Ángel Tejedor, G. Kukec Mezek, Anderson Caproni, L. Freixas Coromina, M. de Naurois, D. Jankowsky, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Elina Lindfors, Saverio Lombardi, D. della Volpe, Giancarlo Cusumano, Andrea Orlati, S. Mangano, Samar Safi-Harb, Alexandre Marcowith, R. López-Coto, Martin Pohl, J. Lefaucheur, Vincenzo Rizi, Masayuki Tanaka, Shigehiro Nagataki, J. L. Rodriguez, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, J. E. Ward, Petr Travnicek, I. Sadeh, Dominik Elsässer, P. Wilcox, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Kohta Murase, K. Lalik, M. Ostrowski, Vincenzo Testa, Tsuguya Naito, Matteo Cerruti, N. La Palombara, Yukikatsu Terada, Emmanuel Moulin, A. Balzer, M. Palatka, Samo Stanič, D. D'Urso, Łukasz Stawarz, D. Simone, Giuseppe Romeo, Francesco Giordano, Luca Zampieri, Michiko Ohishi, Giuseppe Leto, J.F. Glicenstein, G. De Cesare, Eleonora Torresi, R. A. Cameron, Katsuaki Asano, Ricardo Graciani, Gernot Maier, Paweł Wójcik, R. A. Ong, Jörg R. Hörandel, Carlo Vigorito, S. P. Wakely, Valerio Vagelli, Andrea Bulgarelli, J. Takeda, S. Brau-Nogué, Garret Cotter, Claudio Melioli, Hiroaki Yamamoto, M. Vrastil, Ryo Yamazaki, G. Maneva, N. Maxted, David A. Williams, K. Kosack, Konrad Bernlöhr, Markus Böttcher, Andreas Zech, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, Paola Grandi, Maria Concetta Maccarone, Y. Inome, I. Telezhinsky, Fabio Acero, Michael C. B. Ashley, D. A. Sanchez, C. de Lisio, Francisco J. Franco, J. L. Dournaux, M. Kraus, G. Bonnoli, Xian Chen, Massimo Persic, Jonathan Blazek, Giacomo Principe, Louis Antonelli, H. Hakobyan, A. De Angelis, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, T. Nagayoshi, P.-O. Petrucci, P. Sangiorgi, N. Sakaki, Anthony M. Brown, S. Tsujimoto, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, A. Morselli, B. De Lotto, Juan Carlos Helo, S. Nozaki, M. Takahashi, Lili Yang, H. Schoorlemmer, Catherine Braiding, Justin Vandenbroucke, J. A. Graham, P. Vallania, Stanislav Stefanik, M. Fesquet, Roberto Aloisio, Diego F. Torres, Ciro Bigongiari, C. Díaz, Shohei Yanagita, M. Garczarczyk, Abelardo Moralejo, Hideaki Katagiri, R. de los Reyes Lopez, A. Burtovoi, M. Hussein, Hiroyasu Tajima, M. Prouza, M. Renaud, C. Trichard, M. K. Daniel, Maria Chernyakova, Tarek M. Hassan, A. Ziegler, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Ll. Font, J. Kocot, Jiri Chudoba, J. P. Amans, Enrico Junior Schioppa, Alessandro Costa, Aya Bamba, A. Förster, F. Arqueros, Jan Ebr, M. Hayashida, A. J. Green, Marc Ribó, Olga Sergijenko, Hidetoshi Kubo, A. Porcelli, Tomohiro Inada, J. Biteau, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, S. Colafrancesco, Nestor Mirabal, V. Bugaev, R. J. García López, Vitalii Sliusar, I. Jung, Kathrin Egberts, G. Fasola, Maxim V. Barkov, Seiji Masuda, P. Romano, Enrico Cascone, V. I. Zhdanov, Elisa Prandini, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, S. Vercellone, Manuela Vecchi, German Martinez, A. Gadola, S. Griffiths, Satyendra Thoudam, Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA Consortium, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Acero F., Aloisio R., Amans J., Amato E., Antonelli L. A., Aramo C., Armstrong T., Arqueros F., Asano K., Ashley M., Backes M., Balazs C., Balzer A., Bamba A., Barkov M., Barrio J. A., Benbow W., Bernlöhr K., Beshley V., Bigongiari C., Biland A., Bilinsky A., Bissaldi E., Biteau J., Blanch O., Blasi P., Blazek J., Boisson C., Bonanno G., Bonardi A., Bonavolontà C., Bonnoli G., Braiding C., Brau-Nogué S., Bregeon J., Brown A. M., Bugaev V., Bulgarelli A., Bulik T., Burton M., Burtovoi A., Busetto G., Böttcher M., Cameron R., Capalbi M., Caproni A., Caraveo P., Carosi R., Cascone E., Cerruti M., Chaty S., Chen A., Chen X., Chernyakova M., Chikawa M., Chudoba J., Cohen-Tanugi J., Colafrancesco S., Conforti V., Contreras J. L., Costa A., Cotter G., Covino S., Covone G., Cumani P., Cusumano G., D’Ammando F., D’Urso D., Daniel M., Dazzi F., De Angelis A., De Cesare G., De Franco A., De Frondat F., de Gouveia Dal Pino E. M., De Lisio C., de los Reyes Lopez R., De Lotto B., de Naurois M., De Palma F., Del Santo M., Delgado C., della Volpe D., Di Girolamo T., Di Giulio C., Di Pierro F., Di Venere L., Doro M., Dournaux J., Dumas D., Dwarkadas V., Díaz C., Ebr J., Egberts K., Einecke S., Elsässer D., Eschbach S., Falceta-Goncalves D., Fasola G., Fedorova E., Fernández-Barral A., Ferrand G., Fesquet M., Fiandrini E., Fiasson A., Filipovíc M. D., Fioretti V., Font L., Fontaine G., Franco F. J., Coromina L. Freixa, Fujita Y., Fukui Y., Funk S., Förster A., Gadola A., López R. Garcia, Garczarczyk M., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Giuliani A., Glicenstein J., Gnatyk R., Goldoni P., Grabarczyk T., Graciani R., Graham J., Grandi P., Granot J., Green A. J., Griffiths S., Gunji S., Hakobyan H., Hara S., Hassan T., Hayashida M., Heller M., Helo J. C., Hinton J., Hnatyk B., Huet J., Huetten M., Humensky T. B., Hussein M., Hörandel J., Ikeno Y., Inada T., Inome Y., Inoue S., Inoue T., Inoue Y., Ioka K., Iori M., Jacquemier J., Janecek P., Jankowsky D., Jung I., Kaaret P., Katagiri H., Kimeswenger S., Kimura S., Knödlseder J., Koch B., Kocot J., Kohri K., Komin N., Konno Y., Kosack K., Koyama S., Kraus M., Kubo H., Mezek G. Kukec, Kushida J., Palombara N. La, Lalik K., Lamanna G., Landt H., Lapington J., Laporte P., Lee S., Lees J., Lefaucheur J., Lenain J.-P., Leto G., Lindfors E., Lohse T., Lombardi S., Longo F., Lopez M., Lucarelli F., Luque-Escamilla P. L., López-Coto R., Maccarone M. C., Maier G., Malaguti G., Mandat D., Maneva G., Mangano S., Marcowith A., Martí J., Martínez M., Martínez G., Masuda S., Maurin G., Maxted N., Melioli C., Mineo T., Mirabal N., Mizuno T., Moderski R., Mohammed M., Montaruli T., Moralejo A., Mori K., Morlino G., Morselli A., Moulin E., Mukherjee R., Mundell C., Muraishi H., Murase K., Nagataki S., Nagayoshi T., Naito T., Nakajima D., Nakamori T., Nemmen R., Niemiec J., Nieto D., Nievas-Rosillo M., Nikołajuk M., Nishijima K., Noda K., Nogues L., Nosek D., Novosyadlyj B., Nozaki S., Ohira Y., Ohishi M., Ohm S., Okumura A., Ong R. A., Orito R., Orlati A., Ostrowski M., Oya I., Padovani M., Palacio J., Palatka M., Paredes J. M., Pavy S., Pe’Er A., Persic M., Petrucci P., Petruk O., Pisarski A., Pohl M., Porcelli A., Prandini E., Prast J., Principe G., Prouza M., Pueschel E., Pühlhofer G., Quirrenbach A., Rameez M., Reimer O., Renaud M., Ribó M., Rico J., Rizi V., Rodriguez J., Fernandez G. Rodriguez, Vázquez J. J. Rodríguez, Romano P., Romeo G., Rosado J., Rousselle J., Rowell G., Rudak B., Sadeh I., Safi-Harb S., Saito T., Sakaki N., Sanchez D., Sangiorgi P., Sano H., Santander M., Sarkar S., Sawada M., Schioppa E. J., Schoorlemmer H., Schovanek P., Schussler F., Sergijenko O., Servillat M., Shalchi A., Shellard R. C., Siejkowski H., Sillanpää A., Simone D., Sliusar V., Sol H., Stanič S., Starling R., Stawarz Ł., Stefanik S., Stephan M., Stolarczyk T., Szanecki M., Szepieniec T., Tagliaferri G., Tajima H., Takahashi M., Takeda J., Tanaka M., Tanaka S., Tejedor L. A., Telezhinsky I., Temnikov P., Terada Y., Tescaro D., Teshima M., Testa V., Thoudam S., Tokanai F., Torres D. F., Torresi E., Tosti G., Townsley C., Travnicek P., Trichard C., Trifoglio M., Tsujimoto S., Vagelli V., Vallania P., Valore L., van Driel W., van Eldik C., Vandenbroucke J., Vassiliev V., Vecchi M., Vercellone S., Vergani S., Vigorito C., Vorobiov S., Vrastil M., Acosta M. L. Vázquez, Wagner S. J., Wagner R., Wakely S. P., Walter R., Ward J. E., Watson J. J., Weinstein A., White M., White R., Wierzcholska A., Wilcox P., Williams D. A., Wischnewski R., Wojcik P., Yamamoto T., Yamamoto H., Yamazaki R., Yanagita S., Yang L., Yoshida T., Yoshida M., Yoshiike S., Yoshikoshi T., Zacharias M., Zampieri L., Zanin R., Zavrtanik M., Zavrtanik D., Zdziarski A., Zech A., Zechlin H., Zhdanov V., Ziegler A., Zorn J., Acero, F., Aloisio, R., Amans, J., Amato, E., Antonelli, L. A., Aramo, C., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Asano, K., Ashley, M., Backes, M., Balazs, C., Balzer, A., Bamba, A., Barkov, M., Barrio, J. A., Benbow, W., Bernlöhr, K., Beshley, V., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Bilinsky, A., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Blasi, P., Blazek, J., Boisson, C., Bonanno, G., Bonardi, A., Bonavolontà, C., Bonnoli, G., Braiding, C., Brau Nogué, S., Bregeon, J., Brown, A. M., Bugaev, V., Bulgarelli, A., Bulik, T., Burton, M., Burtovoi, A., Busetto, G., Böttcher, M., Cameron, R., Capalbi, M., Caproni, A., Caraveo, P., Carosi, R., Cascone, E., Cerruti, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, X., Chernyakova, M., Chikawa, M., Chudoba, J., Cohen Tanugi, J., Colafrancesco, S., Conforti, V., Contreras, J. L., Costa, A., Cotter, G., Covino, S., Covone, G., Cumani, P., Cusumano, G., D’Ammando, F., D’Urso, D., Daniel, M., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Cesare, G., De Franco, A., De Frondat, F., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lisio, C., de los Reyes Lopez, R., De Lotto, B., de Naurois, M., De Palma, F., Del Santo, M., Delgado, C., della Volpe, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Giulio, C., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Doro, M., Dournaux, J., Dumas, D., Dwarkadas, V., Díaz, C., Ebr, J., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Elsässer, D., Eschbach, S., Falceta Goncalves, D., Fasola, G., Fedorova, E., Fernández Barral, A., Ferrand, G., Fesquet, M., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Filipovíc, M. D., Fioretti, V., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Franco, F. J., Coromina, L. Freixa, Fujita, Y., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Förster, A., Gadola, A., López, R. Garcia, Garczarczyk, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giuliani, A., Glicenstein, J., Gnatyk, R., Goldoni, P., Grabarczyk, T., Graciani, R., Graham, J., Grandi, P., Granot, J., Green, A. J., Griffiths, S., Gunji, S., Hakobyan, H., Hara, S., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Heller, M., Helo, J. C., Hinton, J., Hnatyk, B., Huet, J., Huetten, M., Humensky, T. B., Hussein, M., Hörandel, J., Ikeno, Y., Inada, T., Inome, Y., Inoue, S., Inoue, T., Inoue, Y., Ioka, K., Iori, M., Jacquemier, J., Janecek, P., Jankowsky, D., Jung, I., Kaaret, P., Katagiri, H., Kimeswenger, S., Kimura, S., Knödlseder, J., Koch, B., Kocot, J., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Konno, Y., Kosack, K., Koyama, S., Kraus, M., Kubo, H., Mezek, G. Kukec, Kushida, J., Palombara, N. La, Lalik, K., Lamanna, G., Landt, H., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Lee, S., Lees, J., Lefaucheur, J., Lenain, J. P., Leto, G., Lindfors, E., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, Lopez, M., Lucarelli, F., Luque Escamilla, P. L., López Coto, R., Maccarone, M. C., Maier, G., Malaguti, G., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Mangano, S., Marcowith, A., Martí, J., Martínez, M., Martínez, G., Masuda, S., Maurin, G., Maxted, N., Melioli, C., Mineo, T., Mirabal, N., Mizuno, T., Moderski, R., Mohammed, M., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Mori, K., Morlino, G., Morselli, A., Moulin, E., Mukherjee, R., Mundell, C., Muraishi, H., Murase, K., Nagataki, S., Nagayoshi, T., Naito, T., Nakajima, D., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nikołajuk, M., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nosek, D., Novosyadlyj, B., Nozaki, S., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Ohm, S., Okumura, A., Ong, R. A., Orito, R., Orlati, A., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Padovani, M., Palacio, J., Palatka, M., Paredes, J. M., Pavy, S., Pe’Er, A., Persic, M., Petrucci, P., Petruk, O., Pisarski, A., Pohl, M., Porcelli, A., Prandini, E., Prast, J., Principe, G., Prouza, M., Pueschel, E., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Rameez, M., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, J., Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Vázquez, J. J. Rodríguez, Romano, P., Romeo, G., Rosado, J., Rousselle, J., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sadeh, I., Safi Harb, S., Saito, T., Sakaki, N., Sanchez, D., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Sawada, M., Schioppa, E. J., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Sergijenko, O., Servillat, M., Shalchi, A., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sillanpää, A., Simone, D., Sliusar, V., Sol, H., Stanič, S., Starling, R., Stawarz, Ł., Stefanik, S., Stephan, M., Stolarczyk, T., Szanecki, M., Szepieniec, T., Tagliaferri, G., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeda, J., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S., Tejedor, L. A., Telezhinsky, I., Temnikov, P., Terada, Y., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Testa, V., Thoudam, S., Tokanai, F., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Townsley, C., Travnicek, P., Trichard, C., Trifoglio, M., Tsujimoto, S., Vagelli, V., Vallania, P., Valore, L., van Driel, W., van Eldik, C., Vandenbroucke, J., Vassiliev, V., Vecchi, M., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Vigorito, C., Vorobiov, S., Vrastil, M., Acosta, M. L. Vázquez, Wagner, S. J., Wagner, R., Wakely, S. P., Walter, R., Ward, J. E., Watson, J. J., Weinstein, A., White, M., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wilcox, P., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Wojcik, P., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, H., Yamazaki, R., Yanagita, S., Yang, L., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, M., Yoshiike, S., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zampieri, L., Zanin, R., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zhdanov, V., Ziegler, A., Zorn, J., Acero et al, F., PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Acero, F, Aloisio, R, Amans, J, De Lisio, C, Di Girolamo, T, Valore, L, Covone, G, and Al., Et
Subjects: electron, Supernova Remnants, PARTICLE-ACCELERATION, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Astronomy, leptonic, Telescope Array Experiment, pi, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Supernova Remnant, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, Spectral line, spectrum, ISM: individual objects, HESS, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, cosmic ray, Physics, cosmic rays gamma rays: ISM ISM: individual objects (RX J1713.7-3946, G347.3-0.5), spatial distribution, Gamma Ray, Cherenkov radiation, MAGNETIC-FIELD, Gamma ray, COSMIC-RAYS, ISM: individual objects (RX J1713.7–3946, G347.3–0.5), Supernova, cosmic rays, gamma rays: ISM, ISM: individual objects (RX J1713.7-3946, G347.3-0.5), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, gamma ray: emission, G347.3–0.5, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, individual objects: RX J1713.7–3946 [ISM], Compton scattering, Gamma Rays, G347.3-0.5), NONTHERMAL, accelerator, X-RAYS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, INSTABILITY, Cosmic ray, hadronic, GLAST, ISM: individual objects (RX J1713.7-3946, ISM [gamma rays], gas, 0103 physical sciences, supernova, ddc:530, X-ray: emission, GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, AMPLIFICATION, BROAD-BAND EMISSION, MOLECULAR CLOUDS, STREAMING, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, p: relativistic, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, ASTROFÍSICA, gamma ray: VHE, ddc:520, time dependence, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], RAIOS CÓSMICOS
Abstract: 著者人数: 382名 (JAXA職員: 井上, 芳幸 : 小山, 志勇 : Lee, Shiu-Hang), Accepted: 2017-04-12, 資料番号: SA1170071000
Published: 2017

41. The FAST Project - A Next Generation UHECR Observatory

Author: Paolo Privitera, Dusan Mandat, Jiaqi Jiang, Pavel Motloch, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, Miroslav Palatka, Petr Travnicek, Toshihiro Fujii, Petr Schovanek, Stan B. Thomas, John N. Matthews, Max Malacari, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Jose A. Bellido, and A. Matalon
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, QC1-999, Curved mirror, Fresnel lens, Cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Lens (optics), Cardinal point, Optics, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract: We present a concept for large-area, low-cost detection of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with a Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST), addressing the requirements for the next generation of UHECR experiments. In the FAST design, a large field of view is covered by a few pixels at the focal plane of a mirror or Fresnel lens. We report on the first results of a FAST prototype installed at the Telescope Array (TA) site, consisting of a single 200 mm photomultiplier tube (PMT) at the focal plane of a 1 m2 Fresnel lens system taken from the prototype of the JEM-EUSO experiment. We also report on the status of the full-scale FAST prototype soon to be installed at the TA site, comprising a segmented spherical mirror of 1.6 m diameter and a 2 × 2 PMT camera.
Published: 2017

42. Axial asymmetry in holographic and incoherent correlation imaging

Author: Petr Schovanek, Jaromír Běhal, Zdeněk Bouchal, Tomáš Fordey, and Petr Bouchal
Subjects: Point spread function, Physics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Digital imaging, Holography, Asymmetry, law.invention, Cardinal point, Optics, law, Microscopy, Digital holographic microscopy, business, Digital holography, media_common
Abstract: In optical lens imaging, the main attention has traditionally been paid to the lateral resolution roughly estimated by a two-dimensional point spread function (PSF) describing sharp image of a point object. In three-dimensional (3D) imaging and methods based on depth information, an axial profile of the PSF becomes of particular importance. In studies on the 3D PSF, the axial image asymmetry and shift of the intensity maximum out of the focal plane were revealed for optical systems characterized by low Fresnel numbers. In this paper, the 3D PSF is examined in terms of digital imaging, where a point object is recorded optically and its image reconstructed numerically. The analysis includes methods of digital holography, in which the axial image asymmetry is examined in relation to different geometries of coherent recording waves. Attention is also devoted to the Fresnel incoherent correlation imaging that enables recording of 3D objects in spatially incoherent light.
Published: 2016

43. Comparison of three focus sensors for optical topography measurement of rough surfaces

Author: Josef Lazar, Jindřich Oulehla, Tomáš Fořt, Miroslava Holá, Petr Schovanek, Martin Šarbort, Jan Pavelka, and Šimon Řeřucha
Subjects: White light interferometry, Spatial light modulator, Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Axicon, Speckle pattern, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Surface roughness, Prism, Monochromatic color, 0210 nano-technology, business, Focus (optics)
Abstract: The study compares three variants of focus sensors designed for the optical topography measurement of rough surface specimens with submicron accuracy. We present a theoretical analysis of the focus sensor principles and the experimental measurements with a single point laser probe. A low coherent illumination beam was provided by a monochromatic laser source and a rotating diffuser, which reduced the speckles generated by the rough surface. The reflected beam was modulated by three specific optical elements (axicon, double wedge prism, four spherical lenses) realized by a spatial light modulator. A digital camera detected the output intensity patterns that were evaluated by the intensity centroid method. The results showed a good coincidence of the surface profiles obtained by the three sensor variants with the root-mean-square deviations below one micron. We discuss the results obtained for several specimens with various surface roughness and compare the differences between the three focus sensor variants.
Published: 2019

44. Atmospheric monitoring with the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes

Author: Stan B. Thomas, John N. Matthews, Xiaochen Ni, Miroslav Palatka, Dusan Mandat, Jose A. Bellido, Paolo Privitera, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Toshihiro Fujii, Petr Schovanek, Petr Travnicek, Libor Nozka, Petr Hamal, Justin M. Albury, Ladislav Chytka, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, John Farmer, and Max Malacari
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence spectroscopy, law.invention, Telescope, Atmosphere, law, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing), Remote sensing, media_common
Abstract: The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a proposed low-cost, largearea, next-generation experiment for the detection of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) via the atmospheric fluorescence technique. Two FAST telescopes are currently installed and operating at the Black Rock Mesa site of the Telescope Array Experiment in Utah, USA. Knowledge of the properties of the atmosphere above the detector is of utmost importance for the analysis and reconstruction of the energy and trajectory of UHECRs measured with an atmospheric fluorescence telescope. The FAST experiment uses all sky camera (FASCam) and sky quality monitor (SQM) for the detection of clouds and quantification of the night-sky background light in the field-of-view of the telescopes. Measurements of a vertically-fired ultra-violet laser at a distance of 21 km from the FAST telescopes are used to infer the transparency of the atmosphere above the detector through comparison with simulations.
Published: 2019

45. Identifying clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared satellite data

Author: M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, R. Dallier, F. Salamida, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, A. Saftoiu, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. T. Garcia Roca, B. Gookin, D. Melo, David Walz, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, M. Niechciol, D. B. Tridapalli, A. Segreto, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, I. Rodriguez Cabo, B. Sarkar, J. L. Navarro, M. Videla, J. C. Diaz, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, Petr Schovanek, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, C. Aramo, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Y. Guardincerri, G. Müller, J.M. Chirinos, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, Bruno Daniel, Pham Ngoc Diep, D. Garcia-Pinto, Radomir Smida, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, R. Gaior, S. H. Cheng, Heino Falcke, B. Tome, L. Buroker, J. Knapp, R. Bonino, J. Vicha, G. Wieczorek, A. Lopez Agüera, F. Diogo, F. Suarez, Sergio Dasso, T. Niggemann, R. M. de Almeida, P. Allison, A. Tapia, G. Cocciolo, H. Gemmeke, C. Rühle, V. de Souza, M. Unger, H. Wahlberg, L. Nellen, B. Zamorano Garcia, M. Buscemi, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, M. S. A. B. Leão, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, R. M. Kieckhafer, C. Jarne, M. Tueros, J. Rautenberg, B. Revenu, Jan Ebr, M. Melissas, O. Wainberg, I.M. Brancus, D. Huber, S. Westerhoff, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, W. C. Brown, A. Nelles, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, M. A. Muller, Lu Lu, G. Marsella, D. Martraire, S. Gambetta, Peter L. Biermann, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, B. Mitrica, M. Ludwig, J. Rosado, A. van Vliet, A. Tonachini, L. Nožka, A. Weindl, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, P. Brogueira, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, B. Keilhauer, V. H. Ponce, S. J. Sciutto, J. Schovancova, Paolo Privitera, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, D. Torres Machado, H.O. Klages, G. Torralba Elipe, D. Kruppke-Hansen, B. Wundheiler, R. Krause, Gregory R Snow, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Oliveira, M. Ave, E. Trovato, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Corbin Covault, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Azadeh Keivani, A. P. Ferguson, R. Alves Batista, C. Baus, A. Aminaei, Y. Petrov, J. Gitto, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, A. E. Herve, Lino Miramonti, Vincenzo Rizi, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Paul Sommers, R. Cester, B. J. Whelan, P. Gouffon, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, M. Risse, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, Jing Zhou, G. Toma, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, L. R. Wiencke, T. A. Harrison, A. Porcelli, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, B. D. Fox, N. T. Thao, G. Parente, A. Gorgi, V. Marin, J. Espadanal, M. Palatka, P. W. Younk, A. Śmiałkowski, P. Pieroni, Peter Schiffer, V. Scherini, Nataliia Borodai, H. R. Marquez Falcon, Alejandro Almela, S. van Velzen, E. Menichetti, G. Matthiae, G. Varner, H. Spinka, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, I. M. Pepe, J. Oehlschläger, A. F. Barbosa, Maria Rita Coluccia, Miguel Mostafá, Dusan Mandat, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, P. Gonçalves, N. Palmieri, Markus Ahlers, J. K. Kulbartz, H. Rivera, E. Varela, N. Griffith, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, R. E. Burton, S. Jiraskova, T. Rossler, J. D. Swain, A. Menshikov, J. C. Marin, H. Schieler, A. Zepeda, R. Ulrich, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, E. M. Santos, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, Carola Dobrigkeit, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, I. Katkov, Javier Tiffenberg, J. Allen, E. Mayotte, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, P. Wahrlich, K. Louedec, J. Pȩkala, Mariangela Settimo, Iván Sidelnik, Alexey Yushkov, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, K. Weidenhaupt, J. Kleinfeller, Jose Chinellato, Alan Watson, M. I. Micheletti, T. Huege, A. Parra, S. J. De Jong, I. Zaw, O. Fratu, H. Cook, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, P. Lautridou, M. Avenier, D. Thomas, Bruce R. Dawson, Y. N. Srivastava, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, A. Widom, D. LaHurd, F. Werner, P.O. Mazur, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, Elton J. G. Santos, K. Link, M. Prouza, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, Rúben Conceição, P. Abreu, M. Josebachuili, D. Ravignani, Miroslav Hrabovský, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, R. F. Gamarra, A. Haungs, J. Neuser, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, E. J. Ahn, A. Letessier-Selvon, L. Molina-Bueno, E. Kemp, S. Le Coz, Luis A. Anchordoqui, J. L. Harton, D. Monnier Ragaigne, Lorenzo Cazon, S. Maldera, C. Pfendner, I. A. Minaya, A. Bellétoile, A. Schmidt, H. Martinez, O. Krömer, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, N. Pacheco, Lukas Middendorf, M. Platino, G. Navarra, J. Bäuml, C. E. Santo, Francisco J. Blanco, Johannes Schulz, G. Golup, N. Kunka, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Pimenta, C. A. Moura, Brian Fick, H. Blümer, Balázs Kégl, Moritz Münchmeyer, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, Christopher B. Williams, G. C. Hill, M. Zimbres Silva, T. Šuša, I. C. Mariş, Ralph Engel, M. Plum, E. Petermann, D. Nitz, J. Stapleton, Miroslav Pech, J. Ridky, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, S. Fliescher, A. Stutz, Pavel Horvath, Kai Daumiller, M. S. Sutherland, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, P. Lebrun, L. Tomankova, Trent D. Grubb, Sofia Andringa, R. Meyhandan, M. Ortiz, R. J. Lauer, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, P. Ristori, A. G. Mariazzi, S. Jansen, B. García, Mario Scuderi, S. Messina, G. Salina, A. Curutiu, Tobias Winchen, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Olivier Deligny, B. Caccianiga, S. Stanič, H. Schoorlemmer, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Martina Bohacova, Martin Erdmann, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, J. Sorokin, M. Blanco, C. E. Fracchiolla, Roger W Clay, D. D'Urso, L. Latronico, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, S. Navas, G. P. Guedes, K. B. Barber, M. Weber, U. Fröhlich, R. A. Vázquez, L. Valore, P. Karhan, P. A. Kasper, A. Filipčič, M. Straub, D. Maurel, Markus Roth, A. Shadkam, C. Timmermans, S. Petrera, J. R. Vázquez, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, J. Maller, Rossella Caruso, W. J. M. de Mello, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, P. L. Ghia, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, R. Pesce, Jörg R. Hörandel, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, G. Garilli, D. Heck, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, I. Lhenry-Yvon, S. Mollerach, E. Roulet, Marco Cilmo, B. Wilczyńska, W. Docters, Peter Gorham, R. Pelayo, L. Collica, S. Querchfeld, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, S. J. Saffi, L. Niemietz, L. del Peral, J. Roberts, O. Ravel, R. Piegaia, J. Rodriguez Martino, H. J. Mathes, G. De La Vega, O. Taşcǎu, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. Szuba, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, L. Caramete, M. Will, W. Tkaczyk, G. Yuan, S. Riggi, T. Antičić, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, M. Lauscher, M. Pontz, A. C. Fauth, M. Stephan, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, B. Morales, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, A. Filevich, P. T. Nhung, S. Grebe, R. Squartini, T. Paul, G. Medina-Tanco, G. van Aar, A. Criss, C. J. Todero Peixoto, M. Malacari, Yunrong Zhu, N. Krohm, Christian Glaser, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, B., Baughman, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, M., Buscemi, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirino, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R. W., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, B. D., Fox, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, C., Glaser, H., Gla, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, T. D., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, G. C., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. 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Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Atmospheric Monitoring, Satellites, Infrared, Astronomy, Cloud cover, FOS: Physical sciences, Atmospheric monitoring, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Auger, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Observatory, Clouds, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Image resolution, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, UHE Cosmic Rays, atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], INFRAVERMELHO, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Pierre Auger observatory, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, atmospheric monitoring, clouds, satellites, Física nuclear, Satellite, Central Laser Facility, Extensive Air Showers, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, SYSTEM, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: We describe a new method of identifying night-time clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared data from the Imager instruments on the GOES-12 and GOES-13 satellites. We compare cloud. identifications resulting from our method to those obtained by the Central Laser Facility of the Auger Observatory. Using our new method we can now develop cloud probability maps for the 3000 km(2) of the Pierre Auger Observatory twice per hour with a spatial resolution of similar to 2.4 km by similar to 5.5 km. Our method could also be applied to monitor cloud cover for other ground-based observatories and for space-based observatories. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and adminis- trative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organiza- tions for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnolo- gia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LG11044, MEB111003, MSM0021620859, LA08015, TACR TA01010517 and GA UK 119810, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre Na- tional de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de- France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC- IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/ CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministeri- um Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Ond- erwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wet- enschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. N N202 200239 and N N202 207238, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds with- in COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Roma- nian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI part- nership projects nr.20/2012 and nr.194/2012, project nr.1/ ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET and PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, Roma- nia; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slove- nian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Xunta de Galicia, Spain; The Leverhulme Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE- FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, National Science Founda- tion, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; NAFO- STED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO. We would like to thank the former Michigan Tech students: Nathan Kelley-Hoskins, Kyle Luck and Arin Nelson for their impor- tant contribution to the development of this paper. We would like to thank NOAA for the GOES satellite data that we freely down- loaded from their website. Also, we would like to mention in these acknowledgments Dr. Steve Ackerman and Dr. Tony Schreiner for very valuable conversations
Published: 2013

46. Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the 'ankle' in the cosmic-ray spectrum

Author: S. Stanič, Denis Stanca, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, M. L. Díaz Castro, C. Porowski, Jakub Vicha, Francesca Zuccarello, Pedro Assis, R. Sato, Jose Chinellato, I. Jandt, Hermann-Josef Mathes, M. Ziolkowski, Denise Boncioli, Markus Risse, Muller, F. Canfora, J. Blazek, A. Tonachini, Antonio Bueno, M. Josebachuili, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Eric Mayotte, A. C. Rovero, J. Biteau, P.F. Gómez Vitale, G. A. Anastasi, Kai Daumiller, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, John Matthews, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Gualberto Avila, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Marco Torri, Nicolás González, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Leigui de Oliveira, Paul M. Mantsch, Diego Ravignani, J. R. Vázquez, P. Sanchez-Lucas, S. Vorobiov, Ingomar Allekotte, F. Sánchez, J. W. Cronin, Lorenzo Cazon, Peter Buchholz, R. Piegaia, I. Al Samarai, Ivo Nicolas Naranjo, Antonio Insolia, A. Aab, L. Caramete, Alina Mihaela Badescu, P. Heimann, Anderson Fauth, M. Zavrtanik, G. Marsella, R. Ramos-Pollant, Valerio Pirronello, G. Torralba Elipe, O. Ravel, P. van Bodegom, Angela V. Olinto, C. Di Giulio, S. Navas, I.M. Brancus, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, Johannes Schumacher, Joshua A. Gordon, Bruno Daniel, Corinne Berat, R. Krause, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, Foteini Oikonomou, G. S. Varner, Alessio Gorgi, Fred Sarazin, H. Gemmeke, Lukas Nellen, M. I. Micheletti, L. A. S. Pereira, Maria Giller, J. J. Masías Meza, C. J. Todero Peixoto, A.E. Herve, Octavian Sima, Nataliia Borodai, D. Mockler, Manuel Platino, E.M. Holt, B. Wundheiler, A. Fuster, Q. Hasankiadeh, A. Saleh, Jeffrey Brack, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Olaf Scholten, Ioana Codrina Maris, I. De Mitri, Dieter Heck, Martin Urban, Hans Klages, H. Nožka, A. Chiavassa, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, O. A. Taborda, Carlos Hojvat, Miroslav Palatka, A. Menshikov, Diego Harari, B. Gookin, S. Müller, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Schauer, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Ricardo Vázquez, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, Ernesto Kemp, R. Legumina, P. H. Nguyen, Lawrence Wiencke, B. Sarkar, Sarka Wykes, C. Morello, E. M. Santos, G. Kukec Mezek, L. Molina-Bueno, M. Plum, Z. Zong, David Walz, Harald Schieler, O. Kambeitz, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Sven Querchfeld, L. Perrone, Marco Giammarchi, Bruce R. Dawson, S. Quinn, Christian Glaser, J. Espadanal, Octavian Fratu, M. E. Bertaina, Alan Watson, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Jonny Kleinfeller, Sergio Sciutto, L. Ochilo, M. Mallamaci, Alberto Segreto, Nicusor Arsene, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, R.R. Prado, Alejandro Almela, P. Billoir, Tim Huege, Ana Martina Botti, Belén Andrada, J. Alvarez Castillo, G. C. Hill, R.C. dos Anjos, Lukas Middendorf, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, F. Diogo, G. De Mauro, Henryk Wilczyński, Ralph Engel, J. J. Beatty, Norbert Kunka, D. Nitz, Günter Sigl, Silvia Mollerach, A. Śmiałkowski, Jörg R. Hörandel, Sutherland, Julian Rautenberg, Peter L. Biermann, F. Montanet, L. Niemietz, R. M. de Almeida, L. Tomankova, Christine Peters, Radomir Smida, Alberto Etchegoyen, John L. Harton, Peter Gorham, T. Paul, Paolo Privitera, Federico Suarez, A. Schulz, D. Reinert, A. López Casado, G. Matthiae, Andreas Weindl, D. Garcia-Pinto, Paul Sommers, Petr Schovanek, A. Di Matteo, Charles Timmermans, Luis A. Nunez, A. Blanco, P. Gouffon, N. Krohm, D. Torres Machado, L. Collica, P. Abreu, Brian Fick, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, D. Melo, Julien Aublin, A. Shadkam, M. J. Cooper, Miguel Mostafá, Mário Pimenta, Gregory R Snow, Pablo Ristori, Miroslav Pech, P. H. Kasper, Carlos Medina, M. Settimo, R. Ulrich, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, E. Varela, D. Yelos, Andrej Dundovic, Marcus Niechciol, D. Martello, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Pavel Horvath, Danilo Zavrtanik, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, Paula Gina Isar, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, Florian Gaté, Michael Unger, S. Jansen, Gero Müller, P. W. Younk, Sofia Andringa, Eun-Joo Ahn, P. Lautridou, C. Scarso, Elton J. G. Santos, Jiri Chudoba, Markus Roth, G. van Aar, Dusan Mandat, Q. Luce, V. de Souza, Alex Kääpä, Maria Rita Coluccia, A. van Vliet, Tanguy Pierog, R. Cester, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Miroslav Hrabovský, L. del Peral, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Andreas Haungs, Matthias Kleifges, V. Verzi, Philipp Papenbreer, Colin Baus, Glennys R. Farrar, David Schmidt, J. Sorokin, K. H. Becker, H. Martinez, A. G. Mariazzi, A. Kuotb Awad, S. G. Blaess, C. Aramo, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Fausto Guarino, Juan Pallotta, R. López, B. Tome, C. Bleve, Alexandru Balaceanu, Petr Travnicek, Rodríguez-Frías, V. Scherini, Arnulfo Zepeda, Eduardo Quel, David Wittkowski, Laura Valore, Martín Miguel Freire, Thomas Harrison, Benoît Revenu, Germano Guedes, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, P. Pieroni, Alan Coleman, T. Hebbeker, Vincenzo Rizi, Trent D. Grubb, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, Toshihiro Fujii, M. Ambrosio, L. Lopes, J. Debatin, O. Martínez Bravo, Dariusz Glas, Juan Manuel Figueira, F. Arqueros, Alexandra Saftoiu, Tim Niggemann, Roberta Colalillo, J. Hulsman, B. Mitrica, Hernán Asorey, Francesco Strafella, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, Heino Falcke, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, I. Lhenry-Yvon, A. Lucero, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, O. Wainberg, A. Valbuena-Delgado, Esteban Roulet, T. Suomijärvi, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Piera Luisa Ghia, V. Novotny, Rossella Caruso, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, John Swain, Thomas Bretz, Ruben Squartini, I. A. Minaya, Corbin Covault, Peter Mazur, J. Pȩkala, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, S. J. De Jong, Katrin Link, Lino Miramonti, Ugo Giaccari, A. Tepe, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, M. Prouza, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Bianca Keilhauer, A. G. Chavez, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, Fernando Contreras, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, A. Dorofeev, L. Villaseñor, A. Bridgeman, S. J. Saffi, Markus Lauscher, F. Pedreira, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, M. Suarez Durán, H. Wahlberg, A. Parra, G. Parente, M. Trini, Johannes Schulz, Florian Lukas Briechle, A. Cancio, B. Caccianiga, Alexey Yushkov, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, Luca Latronico, Piotr Homola, Alex Tapia, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Martin Erdmann, Carla Bonifazi, Beatriz García, Roger W Clay, Stefano D'Amico, Jose A. Bellido, Daniel Kuempel, S. Sonntag, Carlos Escobar, Jaime Rosado, R.M. Kieckhafer, B. Vargas Cárdenas, I. Valiño, J. Neuser, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, I. Katkov, Richard Dallier, Gaetano Salina, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, Jan Ridky, Marc Weber, M. Buscemi, D. Nosek, Jan Ebr, Sergio Petrera, S. Messina, S. Coutu, Norberto Fazzini, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balaceanu, A., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, Carla, Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., D'Amico, Stefano, Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., García, B., Garcia Pinto, D., Gaté, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Hasankiadeh, Q., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Lebrun, P., Legumina, R., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, G., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Naranjo, I., Navas, S., Nellen, L., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, H., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos Pollant, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento Cano, C., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, Mariangela, Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Strafella, Francesco, Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Torri, M., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valbuena Delgado, A., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yelos, D., Younk, P., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., Zuccarello, F., Bleve, C., Colalillo, Roberta, Coluccia, M. R., D'Amico, S., De Mitri, I., Guarino, Fausto, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Pȩkala, J., Perrone, L., Scherini, V., Settimo, M., Strafella, F., Valore, Laura, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, Elementary Particle Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Pierre Auger Collaboration
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, Pierre Auger Observatory, Cosmic Rays, Mass Composition, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Ankle, Cosmic rays, Mass composition, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Cherenkov radiation, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, OBSERVATÓRIOS, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Física, lcsh:QC1-999, Physique atomique et nucléaire, Experimental High Energy Physics, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: We report a first measurement for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays of the correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux. Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around the ‘ankle’ at lg⁡(E/eV)=18.5–19.0 differs significantly from expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass A>4. Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are thus disfavored as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray flux at Earth., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2016

47. Performance of the SST-1M telescope of the Cherenkov Telescope Array observatory

Author: M. Chruślińska, Jerzy Michalowski, Rafał Moderski, Petr Schovanek, E. Lyard, Franck Cadoux, Dusan Mandat, J. Blocki, K. Skowron, Michal Dyrda, M. Sowiński, M. Wiȩcek, Mohamed Rameez, E. Pueschel, R. Walter, Marek Stodulski, Enrico Junior Schioppa, M. Curyło, Ł. Grudnik, B. Idźkowski, A. Christov, A. Neronov, K. Lalik, Paweł Rozwadowski, Leszek Bogacz, Pawel Rajda, E. Prandini, M. Stodulska, P. Żychowski, P. Paśko, M. Grudzińska, Yannick Favre, Jerzy Kasperek, Mateusz Janiak, A. Zagdański, Jacek Niemiec, Simona Toscano, A. Porcelli, A. Marszałek, V. Sliusar, M. Ostrowski, D. della Volpe, A. Frankowski, I. Troyano Pujadas, T. Bulik, Miroslav Pech, Karol Seweryn, Ł. Stawarz, E. Mach, K. Ziȩtara, W. Bilnik, Marek Jamrozy, T. Montaruli, and M. Heller
Subjects: Telescope, Physics, Observatory, law, Shevchenko, Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics, Humanities, law.invention
Abstract: R. Moderskic,W. Bilnikk, J. Blockig, L. Bogacze, T. Bulikd , F. Cadouxa, A. Christova, M. Chruślinskad , M. Curylog, D. della Volpea, M. Dyrdag, Y. Favrea, A. Frankowskic, Ł. Grudnikg, M. Grudzinskad , M. Hellera, B. Idźkowskib, M. Jamrozyb, M. Janiakc, J. Kasperekk, K. Lalikk, E. Lyard f , E. Machg, D. Mandatm, A. Marszalekh,b, J. Michalowskig, T. Montarulia, A. Neronov f , J. Niemiecg, M. Ostrowskib, P. Paśkoh, M. Pechm, A. Porcelli∗a, E. Prandini f , E. Puescheln, P. Rajdak, M. Rameeza, P. Rozwadowskid , E. jr Schioppaa, P. Schovanekm, K. Sewerynh, K. Skowrong, V. Sliusari, M. Sowinskig, Ł. Stawarzb, M. Stodulskab, M. Stodulskig, S. Toscano f ,l, I. Troyano Pujadasa, R. Walter f , M. Wiȩcekk, A. Zagdanskib, K. Ziȩtarab, P. Żychowskig for the CTA Consortium† aDPNC – Universite de Geneve, Geneve, Switzerland bAstronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland cNicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland dAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw,Poland eDepartment of Information Technologies, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland f ISDC, Observatoire de Geneve, Universite de Geneve, Versoix, Switzerland gInstytut Fizyki Jadrowej im. H. Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Krakow, Poland hCentrum Badan Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warsaw, Poland iAstronomical Observatory, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine kAGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland lVrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium mInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic nUniversity College Dublin, Ireland
Published: 2016

48. Front-end and slow control electronics for large area SiPMs used for the single mirror Small Size Telescope (SST-1M) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)

Author: Etienne Lyard, Jerzy Michalowski, M. Heller, A. Marszałek, V. Sliusar, M. Sowiński, Frank Raphael Cadoux, M. Więcek, A. Christov, I. Troyano Pujadas, Jerzy Kasperek, Marek Stodulski, Leszek Bogacz, Simona Toscano, Pawel Rajda, Petr Schovanek, Michał Ostrowski, M. Stodulska, J. Blocki, P. Paśko, B. Idźkowski, A. Frankowski, Miroslav Pech, Andrii Neronov, Teresa Montaruli, Karol Seweryn, Łukasz Stawarz, K. Lalik, W. Bilnik, Ł. Grudniki, Dusan Mandat, Marek Jamrozy, M. Grudzińska, K. Skowron, E. jr. Schioppa, A. Porcelli, Jacek Niemiec, J. Borkowski, Michal Dyrda, E. Prandini, P. Żychowski, Mateusz Janiak, K. Zietara, Tomasz Bulik, E. Mach, R. Walter, Mohamed Rameez, A. Zagdański, R. Moderski, J. A. Aguilar, Yannick Favre, M. Curyło, D. della Volpe, Aguilar, J. A., Bilnik, W., Borkowski, J., Cadoux, F., Christov, A., Della Volpe, D., Favre, Y., Heller, M., Kasperek, J., Lyard, E., Marszalek, A., Moderski, R., Montaruli, T., Porcelli, A., Prandini, E., Rajda, P., Rameez, M., Schioppa, E. J., Troyano Pujadas, I., Zitara, K., Blocki, J., Bogacz, L., Bulik, T., Curyo, M., Dyrda, M., Frankowski, A., Grudniki, A., Grudzinska, M., Idkowski, B., Jamrozy, M., Janiak, M., Lalik, K., Mach, E., Mandat, D., Michalowski, J., Neronov, A., Niemiec, J., Ostrowski, M., Pako, P., Pech, M., Schovanek, P., Seweryn, K., Skowron, K., Sliusar, V., Sowinski, M., Stawarz, A., Stodulska, M., Stodulski, M., Toscano, S., Walter, R., Wicek, M., Zagdaski, A., and Zychowski, P.
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Preamplifier, SiPM, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, compensation loop, SST-1M, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, CTA, front-end, preamplifier, slow-control, Telescope, Front and back ends, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Active surface, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Resistor, business
Abstract: The single mirror Small Size Telescope (SST-1M) project proposes a design among others for the smallest type of telescopes (SST), that will compose the south observatory of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The SST camera collecting the Cherenkov light resulting from very high energy gamma-ray interactions in the atmosphere proposes to use Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPM). The SST-1M design has led to the use of unique pixel shape and size that required a dedicated development by the University of Geneva and Hamamatsu. An active surface of ~94 mm2 and a resulting total capacitance of ~3.4 nF combined with the stringent requirements of the CTA project on timing and charge resolution have led the University of Geneva to develop a custom preamplifier stage and slow-control system. The design and performance of the tailor made preamplifier stage and of the slow control electronics will be briefly described. The bias circuit of the sensor contains a resistor meant to prevent the sensor from drawing high current. However this resistor also introduces a voltage drop at the sensor input impacting the stability of its operation. A model has been developed in order to derive the parameters needed to account for it at the data analysis level. A solution based on the SST-1M front-end and digital readout is proposed to compensate for the voltage drop at the sensor cathode.
Published: 2016

49. Ultrahigh-energy neutrino follow-up of gravitational wave events GW150914 and GW151226 with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: F. Canfora, P. Heimann, Q. Luce, P. Abreu, R.J. Barreira Luz, G. A. Anastasi, E. Kemp, D. Ravignani, Serguei Vorobiov, D. Mockler, Luis A. Anchordoqui, C. Aramo, John N. Matthews, R. M. Kieckhafer, O. A. Taborda, Johannes Schumacher, G. Matthiae, M. Platino, Antonio Bueno, M. Josebachuili, O. Wainberg, K. H. Becker, Gualberto Avila, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, E.M. Holt, Ingomar Allekotte, G. De Mauro, A. Fuster, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, S. Petrera, G. S. Varner, Sarka Wykes, Octavian Fratu, Angela V. Olinto, R.C. dos Anjos, Julian Rautenberg, M. Palatka, C. Di Giulio, G. C. Hill, M. Mallamaci, S. J. De Jong, Jörg R. Hörandel, J. Vicha, Petr Travnicek, Trent D. Grubb, R. Squartini, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, Ralph Engel, T. Paul, J. Ridky, M. Suarez Durán, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, Ugo Giaccari, F. Montanet, S. Quinn, Günter Sigl, M. Trini, David Wittkowski, M. Urban, Norberto Fazzini, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, David Walz, G. Medina-Tanco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, M. Hrabovský, G. van Aar, Radomir Smida, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, Alexandru Balaceanu, Hernan Wahlberg, Andreas Weindl, M. Zavrtanik, H. Nožka, R. Gaior, Dieter Heck, Lourenco Lopes, A. Gorgi, A. Saleh, Vincenzo Rizi, Octavian Sima, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, G. Müller, N. Kunka, H. Glass, M. Ambrosio, V. Scherini, G. Torralba Elipe, R. R. Prado, G. Kukec Mezek, L. Nellen, Alexandra Saftoiu, M. Schauer, D. Yelos, C. Porowski, Florian Gaté, M. Erdmann, A. van Vliet, Andreas Haungs, A. Coleman, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, C. J. Todero Peixoto, C. Morello, Dusan Mandat, A. Parra, I. Lhenry-Yvon, M. E. Bertaina, V. de Souza, L. Valore, O. Kambeitz, H. Martinez, I. Naranjo, A. Menshikov, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, M. A. Muller, J. J. Beatty, N. Krohm, Andrej Dundovic, P. Ristori, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, E. Mayotte, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Petr Schovanek, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, B. Sarkar, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, A. Kääpä, P. H. Nguyen, A. Segreto, Silvia Mollerach, D. Garcia-Pinto, Christian Glaser, P. Gouffon, J. W. Cronin, Philipp Papenbreer, J. Espadanal, Peter L. Biermann, P. Stassi, Denise Boncioli, J. Rodriguez Rojo, R. Krause, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, J. D. Swain, P. van Bodegom, A. Kuotb Awad, V. Pirronello, A. G. Chavez, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, Francesco Strafella, J. L. Harton, P. Lebrun, Julien Aublin, D. Nosek, Paolo Privitera, M. J. Cooper, S. G. Blaess, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, F. Sánchez, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, A. Aab, J. Biteau, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, Tanguy Pierog, Pedro Assis, A. Insolia, B. Tome, Ana Martina Botti, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A. Cancio, A. Etchegoyen, Peter Mazur, A. Shadkam, Carlos Medina, Nataliia Borodai, Hermann-Josef Mathes, Enrique Zas, A. Di Matteo, I. Al Samarai, G. Marsella, L. Caramete, Marco Giammarchi, Markus Roth, H. Gemmeke, Dariusz Glas, Denis Stanca, T. Suomijärvi, D. Martello, Jose Chinellato, C. Peters, Michael Unger, B. Wundheiler, L. A. S. Pereira, Maria Giller, M. I. Micheletti, Peter Gorham, Charles Timmermans, Lukas Middendorf, Fernando Contreras, Gregory R Snow, L. Collica, I. Jandt, A. Letessier-Selvon, J. Hulsman, I. A. Minaya, B. Keilhauer, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, S. Jansen, Kai Daumiller, S. Müller, Lorenzo Cazon, Ralf Ulrich, Paul M. Mantsch, B. Vargas Cárdenas, André Schulz, J. Debatin, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, D. Torres Machado, V. Verzi, J. Pallotta, David Schmidt, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, S. J. Sciutto, Katrin Link, Maria Rita Coluccia, Carola Dobrigkeit, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, M. Plum, Hernán Asorey, E. J. Quel, Bruno Daniel, Foteini Oikonomou, I. C. Mariş, Luis A. Nunez, R. Piegaia, Marcus Niechciol, Esteban Roulet, P. L. Ghia, Mario Buscemi, Francesca Zuccarello, Paula Gina Isar, J. J. Masías Meza, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Thomas Harrison, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, D. Nitz, A. Dorofeev, Alan Watson, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, Igor Katkov, J. Alvarez Castillo, P. Pieroni, Jan Pękala, Harald Schieler, F. Diogo, A. Taboada, A. E. Herve, A. Yushkov, Marco Torri, F. Arqueros, R. M. de Almeida, L. R. Wiencke, L. Villaseñor, Peter Hansen, Miguel Mostafa, Martina Bohacova, A. Śmiałkowski, D. Reinert, L. Tomankova, L. Ochilo, J. Sorokin, Z. Zong, Diego Harari, I. Valiño, P.F. Gómez Vitale, F. Guarino, Peter Buchholz, A. López Casado, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, Nicusor Arsene, A. Tapia, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, E. Santos, I.M. Brancus, A. Bridgeman, B. Gookin, R. Ramos-Pollan, S. Messina, S. Querchfeld, S. J. Saffi, V. Novotny, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, S. Mathys, Marco Aglietta, J. Neuser, L. Niemietz, E. M. Santos, M. Erfani, R. A. Vázquez, Gaia Silli, F. Sarazin, Arnulfo Zepeda, Marc Weber, F. G. Schröder, B. Revenu, Markus Lauscher, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, J. R. Vázquez, F. Pedreira, P. Sanchez-Lucas, P. Kasper, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, M. M. Freire, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Prouza, Tim Niggemann, Miroslav Pech, Nicolás González, A. C. Fauth, Corinne Berat, Q. Hasankiadeh, Pavel Horvath, Carla Bonifazi, A. Filipcic, Jose A. Bellido, S. Sonntag, B. Andrada, Sofia Andringa, R. Cester, C. A. Sarmiento, I.D. Vergara Quispe, M. Risse, Jonathan Blazek, G. Parente, Carlos Hojvat, R. Legumina, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, Julian Kemp, Michael Schimp, Colin Baus, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Thomas Bretz, Corbin Covault, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, Lino Miramonti, B. García, Tobias Winchen, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Roger W Clay, Stefano D'Amico, Johannes Schulz, M. Pimenta, Florian Lukas Briechle, Mariangela Settimo, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, Piotr Homola, J. Kleinfeller, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, Jan Ebr, H.O. Klages, Gaetano Salina, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Pierre Auger Collaboration, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. . f. . m., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anastasi, G. . a., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Badescu, A. . m., Balaceanu, A., Barreira Luz, R. . j., Baus, C., Beatty, J. . j., Becker, K. . h., Bellido, J. . a., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. . e., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. . l., Billoir, P., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. . g., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. . m., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. . l., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. . s., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. . g., Chinellato, J. . a., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. . w., Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. . r., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. . j., Coutu, S., Covault, C. . e., Cronin, J., D’Amico, S., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. . r., de Almeida, R. . m., de Jong, S. . j., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. . r. . t., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., Deligny, O., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Díaz Castro, M. . l., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D’Olivo, J. . c., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, R. . c., Dova, M. . t., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. . o., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. . c., Fazzini, N., Fick, B., Figueira, J. . m., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. . m., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Gaior, R., García, B., Garcia Pinto, D., Gaté, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. . l., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. . f., González, N., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grillo, A. . f., Grubb, T. . d., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. . p., Hampel, M. . r., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. . a., Harton, J. . l., Hasankiadeh, Q., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. . e., Hill, G. . c., Hojvat, C., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. . r., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. . g., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Johnsen, J. . a., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. . h., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kemp, J., Kieckhafer, R. . m., Klages, H. . o., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A., Lahurd, D., Lauscher, M., Lebrun, P., Legumina, R., Leigui de Oliveira, M. . a., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. . g., Mariş, I. . c., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Masías Meza, J. . j., Mathes, H. . j., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. . a. . j., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. . o., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. . i., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. . a., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, G., Muller, M. . a., Müller, S., Naranjo, I., Nellen, L., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. . h., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, H., Núñez, L. . a., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. . a. . s., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porowski, C., Prado, R. . r., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. . j., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rogozin, D., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. . c., Saffi, S. . j., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. . d., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E. . m., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento, C. . a., Sato, R., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. . g., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. . j., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. . c., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. . r., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strafella, F., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. . d., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. . a., Tapia, A., Theodoro, V. . m., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. . j., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Torri, M., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. . f., Valiño, I., Valore, Laura, van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. . m., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vázquez, J. . r., Vázquez, R. . a., Veberič, D., Vergara Quispe, I. . d., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. . a., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yelos, D., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., Zuccarello, F., Bleve, Carla, Colalillo, R., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, D'Amico, Stefano, DE MITRI, Ivan, Guarino, F., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Perrone, Lorenzo, Strafella, Francesco, Valore, L., Elementary Particle Physics, and Physics
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, magnetic fields, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ultrahigh-energy neutrino, gravitational waves, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, GW151226, binary systems, High Energy Physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), gravitational wave, Ciencias Exactas, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Física, neutrinos, ASTROFÍSICA, black holes, LIGO, Black hole, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, Física nuclear, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: On September 14, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed their first gravitational wave (GW) transient GW150914. This was followed by a second GW event observed on December 26, 2015. Both events were inferred to have arisen from the merger of black holes in binary systems. Such a system may emit neutrinos if there are magnetic fields and disk debris remaining from the formation of the two black holes. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can search for neutrinos with energy Eν above 100 PeV from pointlike sources across the sky with equatorial declination from about -65° to +60°, and, in particular, from a fraction of the 90% confidence-level inferred positions in the sky of GW150914 and GW151226. A targeted search for highly inclined extensive air showers, produced either by interactions of downward-going neutrinos of all flavors in the atmosphere or by the decays of tau leptons originating from tau-neutrino interactions in the Earth's crust (Earth-skimming neutrinos), yielded no candidates in the Auger data collected within ±500 s around or 1 day after the coordinated universal time (UTC) of GW150914 and GW151226, as well as in the same search periods relative to the UTC time of the GW candidate event LVT151012. From the nonobservation we constrain the amount of energy radiated in ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from such remarkable events., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2016

50. Measurement of the radiation energy in the radio signal of extensive air showers as a universal estimator of cosmic-ray energy

Author: Alaa Kuotb Awad, Benoît Revenu, James Matthews, Alexandra Saftoiu, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, Ivan De Mitri, I. Lhenry-Yvon, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Philipp Papenbreer, Petr Travnicek, H. Wahlberg, A. Nelles, R. Piegaia, I.M. Brancus, Alan Coleman, T. Hebbeker, Trent D. Grubb, D. Huber, Marco Aglietta, Eun-Joo Ahn, S. Vorobiov, K. Weidenhaupt, E.M. Holt, B. Wundheiler, A. Saleh, A. Parra, R. J. Lauer, Juan Manuel Figueira, S. Jansen, Bruno Daniel, Maria-Teresa Dova, Foteini Oikonomou, M. R. Hampel, Peter Mazur, J. Sorokin, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Sarka Wykes, R. Meissner, Octavian Fratu, G. Parente, M. Trini, Roberta Colalillo, O. Wainberg, C. Bleve, P. Pieroni, S. Müller, Vincenzo Rizi, Nicusor Arsene, Julian Rautenberg, V. B. B. Mello, K. H. Becker, A. G. Mariazzi, Eric Mayotte, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Sven Querchfeld, L. Perrone, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, Carlos Hojvat, Ernesto Kemp, Xavier Bertou, Luis del Peral, Ugo Giaccari, Henryk Wilczyński, J. J. Beatty, Norbert Kunka, D. Nitz, Silvia Mollerach, D. Lebrun, S. Quinn, Sjoert van Velzen, Primo F. Gómez Vitale, R. Sato, S. Coutu, Norberto Fazzini, Antonio Bueno, Antonio Insolia, M. Josebachuili, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, G. Matthiae, Angela V. Olinto, O. Kambeitz, M. Ambrosio, Eva Santos, R. Krause, Jose Sanabria Gomez, M. Zavrtanik, Fred Sarazin, Lukas Nellen, B. Caccianiga, Julien Aublin, A. Shadkam, Amin Aminaei, Rafael Alves Batista, Jakub Vicha, Pedro Assis, Radomir Smida, Diego Harari, B. Gookin, P. H. Nguyen, Alberto Etchegoyen, Darius Reinert, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, Tobias Winchen, D. Martello, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Michael Unger, D. Melo, Luca Latronico, Guenter Sigl, D. Garcia-Pinto, Alessio Gorgi, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, M. J. Cooper, S. Stanič, Carlos Medina, Tanguy Pierog, Mariano Gómez Berisso, D. Rogozin, Alejandro Almela, E. M. Santos, P. Heimann, Florian Gaté, J. R. Vázquez, Carla Bonifazi, Bernardo Vargas Cárdenas, A. C. Rovero, B. Tome, Marco Giammarchi, D. Garcia-Gamez, J. W. H. Gordon, Jose A. Bellido, L. Niemietz, S. Hartmann, Martin Erdmann, Jan Pękala, Hans Klages, A. Chiavassa, P. Sanchez-Lucas, Vitor de Souza, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, P. Abreu, Miguel Mostafá, C. Porowski, S. Sonntag, Markus Risse, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, B. Vlcek, Dariusz Glas, Diego Ravignani, O. A. Taborda, M. Settimo, M. Blanco, Mário Pimenta, Gregory R Snow, Pablo Ristori, P. H. Kasper, Gaetano Salina, Maria Rita Coluccia, Yogendra N. Srivastava, Alan Watson, Glennys R. Farrar, C. Jarne, A. Śmiałkowski, Andreas Weindl, Jaime Rosado, R. Cester, Alina Mihaela Badescu, F. Sánchez, N. Awal, Beatriz García, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, J. W. Cronin, Harald Schieler, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, C. Aramo, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, Nicolás González, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Jonny Kleinfeller, K. Louedec, Arnulfo Zepeda, Armando di Matteo, G. Cocciolo, Roger W Clay, R. López, M. Mallamaci, F. G. Schröder, Mary Lucia Díaz Castro, Denise Boncioli, Jiri Chudoba, P. Lebrun, Alex Kääpä, Alberto Segreto, G. Toma, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, R. Vasquez, Dusan Mandat, Colin Baus, Darko Veberič, D. Martraire, Oscar Martínez Bravo, Miroslav Hrabovský, T. Yapici, Alexey Yushkov, G. A. Anastasi, Pascal Lautridou, W. R. Carvalho, Dieter Heck, Martin Urban, G. S. Varner, Nataliia Borodai, Toshihiro Fujii, A. Menshikov, C. Morello, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Markus Roth, N. Griffith, S. G. Blaess, Niraj Dhital, Jörg R. Hörandel, Thomas Harrison, Jaime de Oliveira, I. Valiño, H. Blümer, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, Laura Valore, L. Lopes, Lukas Middendorf, Corinne Berat, Piotr Homola, Lawrence Wiencke, Fausto Guarino, A. Filipčič, A. Aab, Johannes Schumacher, J. Neuser, Alex Tapia, Christine Peters, Ad M. van den Berg, Juan Pallotta, S. Le Coz, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Mauricio Suaréz Durán, Petr Schovanek, L. Caramete, Rita dos Anjos, João de Mello Neto, H. Gemmeke, Peter L. Biermann, Sergio Sciutto, L. Ochilo, T. Suomijärvi, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, M. I. Micheletti, Federico Suarez, A. Schulz, J. Stapleton, L. Molina-Bueno, Q. Hasankiadeh, L. Tomankova, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, Daniel Pakk Selmi-Dei, Imen Al Samarai, Martina Bohacova, David Walz, Johannes Schulz, Ruben Squartini, Paolo Privitera, F. Diogo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Patrick van Bodegom, Esteban Roulet, Patrick Allison, I. A. Minaya, Hernán Asorey, John Swain, Thomas Bretz, R.R. Prado, Harm Schoorlemmer, John L. Harton, T. Paul, A. Lucero, Jan Ridky, Marc Weber, F. Werner, Katrin Link, Denis Stanca, Guus van Aar, D. Maurizio, A. P. Ferguson, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Alessio Porcelli, J. C. Diaz, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, N. Hollon, Olivier Ravel, C. A. Moura, Jose F. Valdés Galicia, Brian Fick, Lino Miramonti, Luis A. Nunez, M. Buscemi, C. Scarso, C. Welling, Marcus Niechciol, V. Novotny, Arjen van Vliet, A. Stutz, E. Varela, Rossella Caruso, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, Eduardo Quel, Henry Glass, Michael Sutherland, Francisco Salesa Greus, Guillermo Torralba Elipe, Piera Luisa Ghia, I. Jandt, Octavian Sima, Manuel Platino, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, M. Schauer, N. Pacheco, Tim Niggemann, D. Nosek, Jan Ebr, V. Scherini, Jimmy Masías Meza, M. Candusso, Peter Gorham, Valerio Pirronello, Charles Timmermans, L. Collica, Sergio Petrera, Paul M. Mantsch, Miroslav Palatka, Jesus Alvarez Castillo, J. Blazek, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Anderson Fauth, Vincent Marin, Rogerio M. de Almeida, M. E. Bertaina, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, S. Messina, Claudio Di Giulio, L. Nožka, J. Espadanal, Diego Torres Machado, Paula Gina Isar, Pedro Brogueira, G. Cataldi, Sergio Dasso, Martín Miguel Freire, P. Billoir, Aida López Casado, Carlos J. Todero Peixoto, G. Marsella, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, R.M. Kieckhafer, Iuri Muniz Pepe, Maria Giller, Hermann-Josef Mathes, A. Cordier, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, Gašper Kukec Mezek, I. Katkov, Richard Dallier, Francesca Zuccarello, Kai Daumiller, Maurice Stephan, M. Ziolkowski, A. Tonachini, A.E. Herve, F. Montanet, J. Maller, V. Verzi, David Schmidt, S. Sánchez Navas, Jose Chinellato, Lorenzo Cazon, Ioana Codrina Maris, Ricardo Vázquez, Giuseppe De Mauro, G. C. Hill, Ralph Engel, Andreas Haungs, M. Videla, A. Daniel Supanitsky, Matthias Kleifges, H. Martinez, David Wittkowski, Germano Guedes, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Marcio Aparecido Muller, A. Dorofeev, L. Villaseñor, Marco Cilmo, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, A. Bridgeman, E. Petermann, S. J. Saffi, Markus Lauscher, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, M. Prouza, Bianca Keilhauer, A. G. Chavez, Enrique Zas, Sijbrand J. de Jong, Fernando Contreras, N. Krohm, Miroslav Pech, R. Ulrich, Pavel Horvath, P. Gouffon, Allan Widom, Danilo Zavrtanik, Gero Müller, Sofia Andringa, A. Tepe, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Pierre Auger Collaboration, ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE(2013), European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A. W., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. B. B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento Cano, C., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, Laura, Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Welling, C., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn E J, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque I F M, Allekotte I, Allison P, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anastasi G A, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Aramo C, Arqueros F, Arsene N, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Avila G, Awal N, Badescu A M, Baus C, Beatty J J, Becker K H, Bellido J A, Berat C, Bertaina M E, Bertou X, Biermann P L, Billoir P, Blaess S G, Blanco A, Blanco M, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Brack J, Brancus I, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Brogueira P, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora K S, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Candusso M, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez A G, Chiavassa A, Chinellato J A, Chudoba J, Cilmo M, Clay R W, Cocciolo G, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia M R, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper M J, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault C E, Cronin J, Dallier R, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson B R, de Almeida R M, de Jong S J, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto J R T, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Diaz J C, Díaz Castro M L, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D'Olivo J C, Dorofeev A, Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q, Dos Anjos R C, Dova M T, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar C O, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar G, Fauth A C, Fazzini N, Ferguson A P, Fick B, Figueira J M, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fratu O, Freire M M, Fujii T, García B, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia P L, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glaser C, Glass H, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale P F, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Griffith N, Grillo A F, Grubb T D, Guarino F, Guedes G P, Hampel M R, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison T A, Hartmann S, Harton J L, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve A E, Hill G C, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel J R, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huber D, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar P G, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Johnsen J A, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert K H, Kasper P, Katkov I, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer R M, Klages H O, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kunka N, Kuotb Awad A W, Lahurd D, Latronico L, Lauer R, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Le Coz S, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Leigui de Oliveira M A, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Louedec K, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mallamaci M, Maller J, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi A G, Marin V, Mariş I C, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Martraire D, Masías Meza J J, Mathes H J, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews J A J, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur P O, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Meissner R, Mello V B B, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Micheletti M I, Middendorf L, Minaya I A, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura C A, Muller M A, Müller G, Müller S, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nguyen P H, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Núñez L A, Ochilo L, Oikonomou F, Olinto A, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Pepe I M, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Petrov Y, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porcelli A, Porowski C, Prado R R, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel E J, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Reinert D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodríguez-Frías M D, Rogozin D, Rosado J, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero A C, Saffi S J, Saftoiu A, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez J D, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santos E, Santos E M, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Scarso C, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder F G, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto S J, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard R C, Sigl G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Snow G R, Sommers P, Sonntag S, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Srivastava Y N, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suarez Durán M, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky A D, Sutherland M S, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Taborda O A, Tapia A, Tepe A, Theodoro V M, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto C J, Toma G, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torralba Elipe G, Torres Machado D, Travnicek P, Trini M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia J F, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van Bodegom P, van den Berg A M, van Velzen S, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vasquez R, Vázquez J R, Vázquez R A, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vlcek B, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson A A, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Welling C, Werner F, Widom A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yang L, Yapici T, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F, Aab, A, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahn, E. J, Al Samarai, I, Albuquerque, I. F. M, Allekotte, I, Allison, P, Almela, A, Alvarez Castillo, J, Alvarez Muñiz, J, Alves Batista, R, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anastasi, G. A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Aramo, C, Arqueros, F, Arsene, N, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Avila, G, Awal, N, Badescu, A. M, Baus, C, Beatty, J. J, Becker, K. H, Bellido, J. A, Berat, C, Bertaina, M. E, Bertou, X, Biermann, P. L, Billoir, P, Blaess, S. G, Blanco, A, Blanco, M, Blazek, J, Bleve, Carla, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brancus, I, Bretz, T, Bridgeman, A, Brogueira, P, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Buitink, S, Buscemi, M, Caballero Mora, K. S, Caccianiga, B, Caccianiga, L, Candusso, M, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Castellina, A, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chavez, A. G, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, J. A, Chudoba, J, Cilmo, M, Clay, R. W, Cocciolo, G, Colalillo, R, Coleman, A, Collica, L, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R, Contreras, F, Cooper, M. J, Cordier, A, Coutu, S, Covault, C. E, Cronin, J, Dallier, R, Daniel, B, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B. R, de Almeida, R. M, de Jong, S. J, De Mauro, G, de Mello Neto, J. R. T, DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J, de Souza, V, Del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Dhital, N, Di Giulio, C, Di Matteo, A, Diaz, J. C, Díaz Castro, M. L, Diogo, F, Dobrigkeit, C, Docters, W, D'Olivo, J. C, Dorofeev, A, Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q, Dos Anjos, R. C, Dova, M. T, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Erfani, M, Escobar, C. O, Espadanal, J, Etchegoyen, A, Falcke, H, Fang, K, Farrar, G, Fauth, A. C, Fazzini, N, Ferguson, A. P, Fick, B, Figueira, J. M, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fratu, O, Freire, M. M, Fujii, T, García, B, Garcia Gamez, D, Garcia Pinto, D, Gate, F, Gemmeke, H, Gherghel Lascu, A, Ghia, P. L, Giaccari, U, Giammarchi, M, Giller, M, Głas, D, Glaser, C, Glass, H, Golup, G, Gómez Berisso, M, Gómez Vitale, P. F, González, N, Gookin, B, Gordon, J, Gorgi, A, Gorham, P, Gouffon, P, Griffith, N, Grillo, A. F, Grubb, T. D, Guarino, F, Guedes, G. P, Hampel, M. R, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harrison, T. A, Hartmann, S, Harton, J. L, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Heimann, P, Herve, A. E, Hill, G. C, Hojvat, C, Hollon, N, Holt, E, Homola, P, Hörandel, J. R, Horvath, P, Hrabovský, M, Huber, D, Huege, T, Insolia, A, Isar, P. G, Jandt, I, Jansen, S, Jarne, C, Johnsen, J. A, Josebachuili, M, Kääpä, A, Kambeitz, O, Kampert, K. H, Kasper, P, Katkov, I, Keilhauer, B, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, R. M, Klages, H. O, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Krause, R, Krohm, N, Kuempel, D, Kukec Mezek, G, Kunka, N, Kuotb Awad, A. W, Lahurd, D, Latronico, L, Lauer, R, Lauscher, M, Lautridou, P, Le Coz, S, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Leigui de Oliveira, M. A, Letessier Selvon, A, Lhenry Yvon, I, Link, K, Lopes, L, López, R, López Casado, A, Louedec, K, Lucero, A, Malacari, M, Mallamaci, M, Maller, J, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, A. G, Marin, V, Mariş, I. C, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, H, Martínez Bravo, O, Martraire, D, Masías Meza, J. J, Mathes, H. J, Mathys, S, Matthews, J, Matthews, J. A. J, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mayotte, E, Mazur, P. O, Medina, C, Medina Tanco, G, Meissner, R, Mello, V. B. B, Melo, D, Menshikov, A, Messina, S, Micheletti, M. I, Middendorf, L, Minaya, I. A, Miramonti, L, Mitrica, B, Molina Bueno, L, Mollerach, S, Montanet, F, Morello, C, Mostafá, M, Moura, C. A, Muller, M. A, Müller, G, Müller, S, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nelles, A, Neuser, J, Nguyen, P. H, Niculescu Oglinzanu, M, Niechciol, M, Niemietz, L, Niggemann, T, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Novotny, V, Nožka, L, Núñez, L. A, Ochilo, L, Oikonomou, F, Olinto, A, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Papenbreer, P, Parente, G, Parra, A, Paul, T, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, I. M, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, E, Peters, C, Petrera, S, Petrov, Y, Phuntsok, J, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pieroni, P, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, V, Platino, M, Plum, M, Porcelli, A, Porowski, C, Prado, R. R, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, E. J, Querchfeld, S, Quinn, S, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Reinert, D, Revenu, B, Ridky, J, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rizi, V, Rodrigues de Carvalho, W, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodríguez Frías, M. D, Rogozin, D, Rosado, J, Roth, M, Roulet, E, Rovero, A. C, Saffi, S. J, Saftoiu, A, Salazar, H, Saleh, A, Salesa Greus, F, Salina, G, Sanabria Gomez, J. D, Sánchez, F, Sanchez Lucas, P, Santos, E, Santos, E. M, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, B, Sarmento, R, Sarmiento Cano, C, Sato, R, Scarso, C, Schauer, M, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schmidt, D, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovánek, P, Schröder, F. G, Schulz, A, Schulz, J, Schumacher, J, Sciutto, S. J, Segreto, A, Settimo, M, Shadkam, A, Shellard, R. C, Sigl, G, Sima, O, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Snow, G. R, Sommers, P, Sonntag, S, Sorokin, J, Squartini, R, Srivastava, Y. N, Stanca, D, Stanič, S, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suarez Durán, M, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, A. D, Sutherland, M. S, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Taborda, O. A, Tapia, A, Tepe, A, Theodoro, V. M, Timmermans, C, Todero Peixoto, C. J, Toma, G, Tomankova, L, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Torralba Elipe, G, Torres Machado, D, Travnicek, P, Trini, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdés Galicia, J. F, Valiño, I, Valore, L, van Aar, G, van Bodegom, P, van den Berg, A. M, van Velzen, S, van Vliet, A, Varela, E, Vargas Cárdenas, B, Varner, G, Vasquez, R, Vázquez, J. R, Vázquez, R. A, Veberič, D, Verzi, V, Vicha, J, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Vlcek, B, Vorobiov, S, Wahlberg, H, Wainberg, O, Walz, D, Watson, A. A, Weber, M, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Welling, C, Werner, F, Widom, A, Wiencke, L, Wilczyński, H, Winchen, T, Wittkowski, D, Wundheiler, B, Wykes, S, Yang, L, Yapici, T, Yushkov, A, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zepeda, A, Zimmermann, B, Ziolkowski, M, Elementary Particle Physics, and Physics
Subjects: Ciencias Físicas, Astronomy, General Physics and Astronomy, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), CODALEMA, Observatory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Range (particle radiation), Radio detector, TUNKA-REX, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radio Technique, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, radio emission, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Radio wave, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0103 physical sciences, extensive air showers, High Energy Physics, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, radio emission, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radiant energy, Física, LOFAR, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ASTROFÍSICA, SIMULATIONS, Computational physics, Astronomía, COREAS, Experimental High Energy Physics, ARRAY, EMISSION, SIMULATIONS, LOFAR, EMISSION
Abstract: We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8±0.7(stat)±6.7(syst) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principles calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2016

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