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This article reviews the possibilities of using visitor monitoring in the management of a protected area in the example of the Moravian Karst Protected Landscape Area (pla). The Moravian Karst is the largest and most significant karst area in the Czech Republic. Its location near a large city and its easy accessibility mean that some of the pla’s parts are faced with the negative impacts of overly intensive tourism on rare natural sites and protected species. While the presence of visitors in a protected area is desirable, it is necessary to regulate their activities in the area. The pla management needs quality information for its decision making, such as on the current characteristics and behaviour of visitors. To obtain this information, primary marketing research was carried out at selected pla sites from May to September 2018. A questionnaire survey was used to obtain data from 2,100 visitors and to define the Moravian Karst visitor profile. We found that most visitors were attracted to caves open to the public and the Macocha gorge and that almost a quarter of respondents were planning to return to the pla within six months of questioning. A major challenge for the sustainable development of tourism in the area will be the fact that visitors to the caves are not interested in visiting other localities in the pla. The data obtained about visitors will be used by the pla management to formulate measures to redirect visitors from the most-visited locations to the less-visited ones. Keywords: sustainable tourism, marketing research, visitor profile, destination management, protected landscape area, Moravian Karst

Inland fisheries are important sources of ecosystem services contributing to human diet, health, well-being and economies. The evaluation of the importance and value of inland fisheries is one of the biggest challenges for its development. To develop the inland fisheries data collection, we reviewed the current status of data collection in European countries and provided five detailed country examples. The level and methods of inland fisheries data collection in Europe were highly variable. Some countries did not collect any data on recreational fishing, or it was collected only from specific areas, or only the number of licenses sold was recorded. Data collection from catches of diadromous species was most common and harmonized among countries and in particular, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were recorded. When data from other fish species were also nationally collected, the methods used included postal or telephone recall surveys using a sample of citizens of the country. More detailed surveys were used to assist national surveys, or were used independently, in specific sites of importance using various methods, like postal surveys targeted to fishing license holders, online reporting of catches, or catch reports and logbooks. Many countries provided fishing license buyers with catch return forms or logbooks to be filled at fishing occasions and/or returned in the end of the fishing season. Commercial inland fisheries did not exist, or were very limited, in many European countries. In countries where commercial fishing was important, in most cases the fishers were registered and obliged to report their catches. The reliability of self-reporting of commercial catches was questioned in some cases. There was a trend towards webbased online reporting of inland fisheries data, which some countries were already using. The specific country examples give detailed description of data collection, focusing on: 1) country-wide postal survey (Finland) and 2) web-based survey and development of citizen science approach (Denmark). Example 3) from Ireland focuses on recreational salmonid fishing and conservation limits. There are two examples based on logbook returns: 4) one strict system, which is considered to work well (Czech Republic) and 5) one less controlled system, currently not producing reliable results, and under development (Croatia). Case studies were provided in each country example. Finally, the authors discuss the important aspects of inland fisheries data collection and review the methods to provide recommendations.

The concept of walking in the sense of a specific way of life (the Hebrew verb hālaḵ hitp.) which pleases God forms the established tradition in the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament. This tradition influences (in the Psalms and outside the Psalms) the translation of the LXX. The translators into Greek have viewed the translation "walk" as insufficient in certain places. This is the reason why they interpreted walking with God (or before God) as gaining God’s favor (eὐαρeστέω as the equivalent of hālaḵ hitp.).

The article focuses on the design, construction and manufacture of an inspection vehicle intended to access difficult-to-reach places. The vehicle is able to monitor piping system failures at the view angle of 180° in deep depths and adverse environments. The individual components of the inspection vehicle, more detailed their programming and production on CNC machines are discussed. The vehicle is supposed to easily run into the piping systems and can be safely pulled out. A control system was created for motion and video signal transmission to the operator from above the ground. Aluminum alloy (EN AW 2024) is the predominant material of the manufactured components and at the same time has ideal processing and operating properties. Proposed inspection vehicle is a robust and functional solution with minimal maintenance.

The paper deals with the design and implementation of a system for monitoring the level of liquid in a remote reservoir without power supply from electric network. The hardware of the solution is based on Arduino Mega platform with GSM / GPRS sending data and level measurement using hydrostatic pressure gauge. An internet server is used to collect data in a database and to present data to users in a form of web pages. The work focuses on high precision, low power consumption and low cost of the final system. The paper describes the developed hardware and software. The paper also present testing of the system in real conditions.

In 2013, an ichthyological investigation with focus on the population of brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) in Moravice River above Slezská Harta dam reservoir in 6 localities of two salmonid fisheries was conducted (3 locations in fishery Moravice 7 and 3 locations in fishery Moravice 8). Ichthyological investigation in 2013 found abundance of brown trout in fishery Moravice 7 1,621 pcs/ha, in fishery Moravice 8 668 pcs/ha. These results were compared with the results of ichthyological investigations from 2004 (Spurný et al. 2006) and 2012 (unpublished data) that were conducted in the same locations of salmonid fisheries of Moravice 7 and Moravice 8. Over 10 years the size structure of brown trout population has changed, which was shown as higher proportion of juvenile fish in size (TL) to 15 cm. The average abundance of brown trout with TL up to 15 cm reached in fishery Moravice 7 in 2004 15 pcs/ha (Spurný et al. 2006), in 2013 1,039 pcs/ha, in fishery Moravice 8 in 2004 719 pcs/ha and in 2012 2,234 pcs/ha. Change in size structure of population of brown trout in monitored localities between 2004, 2012 and 2013 was evaluated as statistically significant (d. f. 10; F = 12.8; P < 0.05). Ichthyologic investigations in 2004 (Spurný et al. 2006), 2012 (unpublished data) and 2013 determined also abundance of brown trout in fishing size (TL over 25 cm): 54 pcs/ha in 2004 (Spurný et al. 2006), in 2012 (unpublished data) 41 pcs/ha, and in 2013 56 pcs/ha. These values were compared with catches of anglers, and according to the results we can say that the fishing pressure had no effect on the abundance of brown trout in fishing size. Abundance of brown trout in salmonid fisheries Moravice 7 and Moravice 8 is probably affected by drought and occurrence of piscivorous predators.

The paper presents process of modelling of the CE108 Coupled Drives Apparatus developed by TecQuipment Ltd. This laboratory plant serves as a laboratory equipment representing a problem of modelling and control of producing continuous lengths materials, which is common in many industrial applications. A mathematical model based on the first principle modelling, which was created by designers of the plant, is used as a starting point. The characteristics of this initial model is compared with real-time measurements and the model is improved. Simulink representation of the model is designed and verified. The Simulink model is suitable for designing and verifying various control strategies not only for the CE108 Coupled Drives Apparatus but in general for similar industrial processes.

In the paper model of cogeneration plant with heat storage was developed for investigating the potential of implementing the heat storage. The model is used within the operation optimization to maximize the revenue from power sales. Receding horizon of 7 days is used for operational planning resulting in linear optimization problem. The method is used to evaluate the benefit of different sized storages using the real-life heat demand data for Malenovice district in Czech Republic and day-ahead electricity prices for a one-year horizon. The results show that the revenue from power sales can be significantly improved by shifting operation to the most commercially feasible points in time.

Cultural monuments are one of the key factors in tourism and they influence the economic and social development of the municipality or region and above its degree of sustainability tourism. The analysis of the potential of the tourism in municipalities and its comparison can be made by various methods and techniques such as local expenditure model, cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives or cluster analysis. The method that can give an objective comparison of the size of anthropogenic sphere potentials of individual regions or possibly other territorial units is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA models are usually used to find the relative efficiency among homogenous units according to selected criteria (inputs and outputs). According to the data taken from the Czech Statistical Office about the municipalities with extended powers in the Vysocina Region as basic spatial units we try to apply DEA analysis in terms of utilization of cultural and natural heritage for tourism. The main task is to identify the problematic places in this region and then suggest ways for improvement so that the region's potential is primarily to fulfill sustainable tourism. © 2018, General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania.

Demand for affordable and sustainable energy is growing. Even though the technology of construction and insulation of buildings is continuously improving, heating is still a significant issue for large part of Europe. Building modern heating systems as well as upgrading existing ones requires incorporating new technology and smart control systems with sophisticated control algorithms. An essential part of the control systems are models that allow the simulation to verify proposed actions or use series of simulation experiments to find the optimal solution. Several simulation tools are specializing in the field of energy already, and some general tools can also be used. This article shows two methods of own prediction mechanism of the heat demand of individual consumers (buildings). Modelling of individual buildings is the basis of the simulation model of district heating which is being developed. The fundamental idea is to build a modular model for specific district heating and start from the endpoints-from the individual consumption objects that will be interconnected through the distribution model with other parts of district heating system such as other consumers and producers. It is assumed that the heat demand is the most challenging part of the prediction, and therefore the accuracy and quality of these models will be the most significant to the accuracy of the entire future result. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences., Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme [LO1303 (MSMT-7778/2014)]

Robotic systems are used wherever human limits are achieved. The inspection robots are used for securing the access to the manholes, pipes and sewage systems, for monitoring faults and for the eventual minor repairs. The paper presents the design, construction and assembly of a four-wheeled inspection robotic rover used in sewage pipes with diameters larger than 200 mm. We managed to design the robust, waterproof and dirt-resistant washable rover solution, which has been proved to be very functional and easy to produce. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2017.

This study deals with high impact polystyrene (HIPS) which was subjected the drop-weight test. HIPS is a polymer produced by the reaction between butadiene synthetic elastomer and styrene (5-14 %) which contains the crystal polymer in certain amounts and is commonly used in mechanical engineering applications where machine parts are exposed to impact loading. The injection moulded HIPS samples were subjected the penetration test at different fall heights and the results were subsequently evaluated and discussed. It was found out that all fall heights are suitable for HIPS penetration, but the optimal one is 50 J because of the smallest variation range. Higher heights are not needed because of increasing power consumption of the test device. From the results, it is clear, that HIPS is not so highly impact resistant material as for example HDPE, because of that is this material suitable for applications where is not often exposed to too big impacts at high velocities. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2017.

The images of the divine Sun in ancient cultures are the context of Old Testament expressions concerning the sun. The translator of the Hebrew text into Greek must have also been influenced by the culture that surrounded him. The translator provided his Greek-speaking Jewish contemporaries with a monotheist tuned paraphrase of the Hebrew text in Psalm 18:5c. His idea of the sun as an appropriate allegorical representation of God is based on linguistic and thematic default assumptions of the Hebrew text.

This paper deals with modeling and control of a hydraulic three-tank system. A process of creating a computer model in the MATLAB/Simulink environment is described, and optimal PID (proportional-integral-derivative) and model predictive controllers are proposed. The modeling starts with the creation of an initial mathematical model based on a first-principles approach. Then, the initial model is enhanced to obtain better correspondence with a real-time system, and parameters of the modified system are identified from measurements. The real-time system contains nonlinearities which cannot be neglected, and therefore are identified and included in the final mathematical model. The resulting model is used for a control design. As the real-time system has long time constants, usage of the Simulink model dramatically speeds up the design process. Optimal PID and model predictive controllers (MPC) are proposed and compared. Model predictive controllers for both a linearized model and the nonlinear system are proposed. The techniques described are not limited to one particular modeling problem, but can be used as an illustrative example for the modeling of many technological processes.

The paper is aimed at a comparative simulation study on three prospective ideas how to approximate a general exponential polynomial by another one having all its exponents in the exp-function as integer multiples of some real number. This work is motivated by spectral properties of neutral time-delay systems (NTDS) and the contemporary state of the knowledge about the spectrum of NTDS with commensurate delays which are characterized by the latter family of exponential polynomials. The three ideas are, namely, those: Taylor series expansion, the interpolation in points given by dominant roots estimates and the special extrapolation technique presented by the authors recently. The goal is to match dominant parts of both the spectra as close as possible. However, some properties from the so called strong stability point of view can not be, in principle, preserved. The presented simulation example demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of all the methods., Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme [L01303, MSMT-7778/2014]; European Regional Development Fund [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0089]

Discrete Model Predictive Control (MPC) became one of the most widespread modern control principles. Process controls with a finite number of admissible values are common in a large number of relevant applications. For this type of optimization problems, the computational complexity is exponential in the number of binary optimization variables. The solver is based on a standard branch-and-bound method and interior point method is used for solution of the relaxed problem. The simulation experiment involved controlling the temperature of a batch reactor by using two on/off input valves and a discrete-position mixing valve., Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme [L01303, MSMT-7778/2014]

The article presents application of evolutionary algorithm for cost-optimal dispatch of ancillary services in power transmission system of the Czech Republic. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem taking into account both continuous and discrete control variables. The optimal setting of control variables such as schedule for activation of regulation reserves, which minimizes the regulation energy costs while maintaining required control performance, are determined via evolution algorithm. The proposed control scheme is tested on historical data from the transmission system operator.