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Социјална искљученост је процес у којем су одређени појединци или групе гурнуте на ивицу друштва и спречени да у потпуности учествују у друштву, што је последица њиховог сиромаштва, недостатка основне стручности (неадекватног образовања) и могућности доживотног учења, или је резултат дискриминације. Ово их удаљава од запослења, прихода и могућности образовања, као и од социјалних мрежа и активности у друштву и заједници. Квалитетно образовање (услови и приступ/доступност) представља један од фактора који значајно утиче на смањене социјалне искључености. Другим речима, образовање има кључну улогу у осигуравању социјалне укључености (једнаке могућности и активно учествовање у друштву). Истовремено, образовање и доживотно учење је установљено као темељ за остваривање циљева одрживог економског развоја (економија заснована на знању) и постизања социјалне кохезије. Квалитетно образовање је предуслов за напредовање, развој и благостање заједнице. Услови и доступност образовању постали су приоритети националних реформи у већини европских земаља. Предмет овог рада је образовна структура становништва Србије и доступност образовања. Образовна структура је анализирана с обзиром на старост, пол и тип насеља (градска и остала/сеоска насеља). Social exclusion is a process whereby certain individuals are pushed to the edge of society and prevented from participating fully by virtue of their poverty, or lack of basic competencies and lifelong learning opportunities, or as a result of discrimination. This distances them from job, income and education opportunities as well as social and community networks and activities. Quality education (conditions and access/ accessibility/availability) is one of the factors that significantly influence the reduced social exclusion. In other words, education has is key role key role in ensuring social inclusion (equal opportunities and active social participation). At the same time, education and lifelong learning is established as the basis for achieving the goals of sustainable economic development (economy based on knowledge) and to achieve social cohesion. Quality education is a prerequisite for progress, development and well-being of the community. Conditions and accessibility to education have become priorities of national reforms in most European countries. The subject of this paper is the educational structure of population of Serbia and the accessibility of education. The analysis covers the educational structure with regard to age, gender and type of settlement (city and other/villages settlements).

Apstrakt: Tema socijalnog razvoja u poslednjoj deceniji 20. veka postaje sve aktuelnija. Naime, opšteprihvacena formula intenzivnog ekonomskog rasta koji će po automatizmu obezbedivati socijalno blagostanje, prouzrokovala je brojne negativne posledice. Povecanje ekonomskih i socijalnih nejednakosti, redukcija socijalnih prava kao i opadanje kvaliteta socijalnih usluga dovelo je znacajan broj gradana u zamku siromaštva I iskljucenosti iz opštih društvenih tokova. Jaz izmedu bogatih i siromašnih širi se i produbljuje, povecava se razlika izmedu gradskih i seoskih podrucja, izmedu i unutar regija, govori se o društvu s dve brzine (two-speed society). U takvim okolnostima, tema socijalnog razvoja sve više se stavlja na dnevni red. Socijalni razvoj se s razlogom definiše kao integralni faktor održivog ekonomskog razvoja. Bez socijalnog razvoja nije moguce jacati socijalnu koheziju koja je postavljena kao jedan od strateških ciljeva i koa temelj stabilnog razvoja evropskog društva. Jedan od pristupa u unaparedenju socijalnog razvoja je borba protiv siromaštva i socijalne iskljucenosti, odnosno jacanje procesa socijalne ukljucenosti, koji su prihvaceni kao kljucni element daljeg razvoja evropskog socijalnog modela. Prostorna distribucija indikatora socijalne iskljucenosti pokazuje da je dostupnost usluga od javnog interesa jedan od osnovnih činilaca društvene nejednakosti i generiranja obima socijalne iskljucenosti. Abstract: Theme of social development in the last decade of the 20th century is becoming increasingly topical. The generally accepted formula of intensive economic growth that will automatically provide social welfare, has caused many negative consequences. Increasing economic and social inequality, reduction of social rights, as well as the decline in the quality of social services has resulted in a significant number of people in poverty and exclusion from the general social trends. The gap between rich and poor is wider and deeper, increasing the difference between urban and rural areas, between and within regions, discusses a two-speed society. In such circumstances, the theme of social development is increasingly placed on the agenda. Social development is rightly defined as an integral factor in sustainable economic development. Without social development is not possible to strengthen the social cohesion that is set as one of the strategic objectives and the basis of stable development of European society. One approach to its improvement in social development is the struggle against poverty and social exclusion and strengthening social inclusion process, which were accepted as a key element for further development of the European social model. Spatial distribution of indicators of social exclusion shows that the availability of services of public interest is one of the main factors of social inequality and generating volume social exclusion.

There are numerous definitions and interpretations of what is the purpose and subject of SIA (Social Impact Assessment). A number of common determinants occur in various definitions. SIA examines the social changes that are likely to arise as a direct or indirect result of planned interventions (plans, programs, policies). In fact, SIA is a process aimed at understanding, managing and controlling the changes. The initiation of SIA application is linked to development of economic and infrastructural systems, i.e. zones in which intensive changes in social space have taken the place. There is an increased interest in SIA, and it has been applied not only in development of certain activities (large economic systems, construction of public facilities, etc.), but even more so in the implementation of programs and policies. SIA is generally associated with the five types of changes: • Demographic • Economic • Health and welfare • Environmental • Institutional changes. SIA has become a binding activity in the World Bank funded projects. In Serbia, neither the current Law on planning and construction nor the Law on expropriation would require the preparation of SIA. During development of several spatial plans in Serbia for the areas in which the population and village displacement has been planned, only the segments of SEA methodology as it is commonly performed have been included in the analyses and programs. The paper will show SIA development, framework and principles, as well as some results of its application in the projects of mining activity – for surface exploitation of raw mineral resources.

Social exclusion is a process whereby certain individuals are pushed to the edge of society and prevented from participating fully by virtue of their poverty, or lack of basic competencies and lifelong learning opportunities or as a result of discrimination. This distances them from job, income and education opportunities as well as social and community networks and activities. Quality education (conditions and access/accessibility/availability) is one of the factors that significantly influence the reduced social exclusion. In other words, education has is key role key role in ensuring social inclusion (equal opportunities and active social participation). At the same time, education and lifelong learning is established as the basis for achieving the goals of sustainable economic development (economy based on knowledge) and to achieve social cohesion. Quality education is a prerequisite for progress, development and well-being of the community. Conditions and accessibility to education have become priorities of national reforms in most European countries. The subject of this paper is the educational structure of population of Serbia and the accessibility of education. The analysis covers the educational structure with regard to age, gender and type of settlement (city and other/villages settlements). Socijalna isključenost je proces u kojem su određeni pojedinci ili grupe gurnute na ivicu društva i sprečeni da u potpunosti učestvuju u društvu, što je posledica njihovog siromaštva, nedostatka osnovne stručnosti (neadekvatnog obrazovanja) i mogućnosti doživotnog učenja, ili je rezultat diskriminacije. Ovo ih udaljava od zaposlenja, prihoda i mogućnosti obrazovanja, kao i od socijalnih mreža i aktivnosti u društvu i zajednici. Kvalitetno obrazovanje (uslovi i pristup/dostupnost) predstavlja jedan od faktora koji značajno utiče na smanjene socijalne isključenosti. Drugim rečima, obrazovanje ima ključnu ulogu u osiguravanju socijalne uključenosti (jednake mogućnosti i aktivno učestvovanje u društvu). Istovremeno, obrazovanje i doživotno učenje je ustanovljeno kao temelj za ostvarivanje ciljeva održivog ekonomskog razvoja (ekonomija zasnovana na znanju) i postizanja socijalne kohezije. Kvalitetno obrazovanje je preduslov za napredovanje, razvoj i blagostanje zajednice. Uslovi i dostupnost obrazovanju postali su prioriteti nacionalnih reformi u većini evropskih zemalja. Predmet ovog rada je obrazovna struktura stanovništva Srbije i dostupnost obrazovanja. Obrazovna struktura je analizirana s obzirom na starost, pol i tip naselja (gradska i ostala/seoska naselja).

The initial research carried out for the purpose of elaborating the Spatial Plan for Kosovo-Metohija Lignite Basin indicated the need to address numerous conflicts and opposing interests in the area concerned. This required the Plan to focus on harmonizing the economic, social and spatial aspects of developing a mining-energy-industrial system (hereinafter MEIS) and its surroundings, devising the new ways for the protection of local population interests and use of novel approaches in dealing with the environmental consequences of lignite exploitation and processing. The area wherein Kosovo-Metohija lignite deposits are found is replete with diverse conflicting interests, including insufficient and uneven development, extremely large overall and especially agrarian population density (among the highest in Europe), unemployment and a sizable portion of the grey economy, low level and quality of services of public interest, ethnic conflicts and polarization, etc. The environmental effects of MEIS activities in a situation of this kind were revealed by the early stages of research in all segments of economic, social and spatial development, along with a high degree of environmental degradation. The main conflict in the Plan area is the one between mining and agriculture, i.e. open pit lignite mining and high-fertility soil covering lignite deposits. The conflict is additionally aggravated by the remarkable density of agricultural population on this territory and high selling prices of the land. Therefore, a substantial part of the Plan's propositions was related to the conditions of settlement and infrastructure relocation, population resettlement and measures to relieve the tensions and prevent the outbreak of potential conflicts in implementing the Plan. The Spatial Plan is conceived as a complex and comprehensive document defining the framework, basic principles, starting points and measures tackling the numerous development conflicts, spatial, social and ecological limitations, including the relevant analytical and data bases deriving from field research and surveys. Despite the fact that under the UN SC Resolution 1244, the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija has been under the jurisdiction of the United Nations since June 1999, we believe that the Draft of the Spatial Plan and the research work done for its purpose are still valid, since to this date there have been no attempts to start the formation of new open pits in Kosovo lignite basin.

Unlicensed housing construction and the gray economy are analyzed in the context of the political system that was founded on social ownership and subordinated the overall institutional network of the society as a whole to the interests and arrangements of the titularies of social ownership. Private initiative, hindered on the institutional level, found and broadened cracks through which it was able to meet its (existential) needs. Not a small part of the population was forced to exercise their basic rights - housing, business activity etc. by unlawful means. The chaotic and unregulated practice of institutionally marginalized and illegal private initiative have produced many negative consequences, both for the titularies themselves and for the community, due to an evident disproportion between the resources invested and the level of the quality of life achieved on one hand and the reduced resources for social activities (collective consumption) an the other hand.

Планерску теорију и праксу последњих петнаестак година Карактерише трагање за системом планирања, које је у процесу за штите и промовисања заједничких вредности, способно за идентификацију и осетљиво на аспирације грађана. Такав приступ планирању није нов, и по неким карактеристикама се може успоставити релација са концептима заступничког или адвокатског планирања формулисаним шездесетих година прошлог века. Међутим, данас је, поред изузетно високог степена раширености идеје о неопходности укључивања широког спектра актера у процес планирања, концепт изузетно добро и широко теоријски заснован, са веома распрострањеном и развијеном провером у пракси планирања, тако да се може говорити о новој комуникативно-колаборативној парадигми планирања. Термини који се везују за различите варијетете планирања са наглашеним учешћем грађана су: планирање "одоздо-нагоре" (енг. "bootom-up"), изворно планирање (енг. "grassroot"), партиципативно планирање (енг. "participative planning"), демократско планирање и планирање са заједницом (енг. "community planning"). У раду се истражује концепт планирања у којем се учешће грађана, као једне од група актера, сматра не само пожељним, већ неопходним предусловом доброг планирања и управљања развојем. Трага се за одговорима на питања: шта је то ефикасно и ефективно учешће, ко су они који (би требало да) учествују и на који начин то (би требало да) чине, да ли су информационе и комуникационе технологије (ИКТ) реална подршка на коју се можемо ослонити, и да ли је и колико је заиста могуће остварити савремен концепт учешћа грађана / планирања, те тиме и потенцијално унапредити урбанистичко планирање у Републици Србији. Истраживање се одвија на два нивоа: (1) На нивоу општих концептуалних опредељења, и њихове операционализације до нивоа препорука, базираним на проучавању релевантних теоријских радова и светских искустава и примера у овој области, а затим, на основу тога, и на (2) Нивоу урбанистичког планирања у Србији, као истраживачком полигону на ком се општи ниво концептуалних опредељења и њихове операционализације проверавају, а затим и прилагођавају формулисањем модела планирања адекватног истраживаном полигону. На основу истраживања различитих теоријских становишта, концепата и пракси планирања, препознате су могућности и дефинисани начини и услови за реализацију савременог концепта учешћа грађана у урбанистичком планирању Србије. This work represents a contribution to the study of modern architecture and urbanism of the twentieth century in Belgrade. The paper investigates the architecture of public buildings on the principles of modern architecture as a significant and broad cultural phenomenon in the wider Belgrade and the Yugoslav territory in the period since 1918 untill 1941. During this period public buildings were built with the applied principles of modern architecture and urbanism. The work starts from the initial analysis of the modern movement of ideas between the two World Wars in Europe and the reflections that had the architects who were taking this model in the design and implementation of public buildings in Belgrade. Systematization and critical analysis of realized examples of public buildings to investigate the extent to which modern Belgrade was represented in the architectural production of the time, who were models from European experiences taken over directly and indirectly in the functional organization, volumetry architectural, design and materialization of objects. The work includes a chronological, critical analysis of the most important objects implemented in this period. The research starts from the premise that the preparation of the public buildings in Belgrade were present modern and avant‐garde ideas whose principles were established in the context of key historical, social and cultural phenomenon in Europe and Serbia. This attitude on the issue of research presupposes the establishment of correlation between the principles of modern architecture and implementation by local authors as well as theoretical reflection of changes that is generated in the development of modern Belgrade, which have promoted a new state and modern society...