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12,949 results on '"Peto A"'

1. 'We had to be Aware that People are Thinking about this for the First Time': Interview with Gabriela Bulišová and Mark Isaac

Author

Krondorfer Bjorn, Carr Steve, Nates Tali, and Peto Andrea

Subjects
democracy, art, photography, artist interview, holocaust, eastern europe, History of Eastern Europe, DJK1-77
Abstract

This interview is available as a Podcast in “Standing Up Against the Assault on Democracy” hosted by the Johannesburg Holocaust & Genocide Centre. Talking to the artists Gabriela Bulišová and Mark Isaac about their current project, “The Landscape of our Memory”, and what challenges we face today when it comes to memory, genocide, and ecocide. The interview was conducted by Tali Nates, a member of the Advisory Board of EEHS (Eastern European Holocaust Studies), Bjorn Krondorfer, Steve A. Carr, and Andrea Pető editor-in-chief of EEHS.

Published
2024
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2. Hydrochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations (ecological and human risk) of lake Rukwa

Author

Azaria Stephano Lameck, Omar Saeed, Phenson Nsima Justine, Daniel Mwakagile, Peto Akos, and Emil Boros

Subjects
Lake Rukwa, Hydrochemical properties, Heavy metal pollution, Ecological risks, Health risks, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

This study examined lake Rukwa's hydrochemical characteristics and heavy metal levels (ecological and health hazards). Results showed that the pH ranged from 8.83 to8.95, EC ranged from 1470 to 1572.22 µS/cm, and TDS ranged from 1053.04 to 1262.63 Mg/l. The findings revealed that lake Rukwa is characterized by Na-K-HCO3 water chemical type. Gibb's diagram revealed that rock weathering and evaporation regulate water's chemical composition. The calcite and sepiolite precipitation enriches the water with Na-CO3-SO4-Cl. The study suggests silicate mineral weathering, rock-water interactions, direct ion exchange, and secondary mineral precipitation govern the geochemical evolution of lake Rukwa. The results also revealed that 30% of samples had moderate ecological risk (30 < RI < 60), whereas 70% had severe risk (60 < RI < 120). The oral hazard quotient (HQ) values for lead (Pb) in children were significantly higher (HQ > 1) at all locations, indicating a potential health risk. However, the dermal HQ values were found to be within acceptable levels. Most sites had acceptable Hazard Index (HI) values, except for Pb in children and adults. In Monte Carlo simulations, heavy metal HQ values were below standard limits, except for oral Pb exposure, which exceeded 1 for adults (7.29E-04) and children (2.79E-03). The average CR values for oral and dermal Pb in adults (7.29E-04, 3.47E-04) and children (2.79E-03, 1.02E-03) exceeded 1.0E-04, suggesting carcinogenic potential. These findings highlight significant oral and dermal carcinogenic hazards from Pb exposure to lake Rukwa and the necessity for effective comprehensive measures to mitigate these risks.

Published
2024
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4. Dementia risk reduction in the African context: Multi-national implementation of multimodal strategies to promote healthy brain aging in Africa (the Africa-FINGERS project).

Author

Udeh-Momoh, Chinedu, Maina, Rachel, Anazodo, Udunna, Akinyemi, Rufus, Atwoli, Lukoye, Baker, Laura, Bassil, Darina, Blackmon, Karen, Bosire, Edna, Chemutai, Gloria, Crivelli, Lucia, Eze, Laz, Ibanez, Agustin, Kafetsouli, Dimitra, Karikari, Thomas, Khakali, Linda, Kumar, Manasi, Lengyel, Imre, de Jager Loots, Celeste, Mangialasche, Francesca, Mbugua, Sylvia, Merali, Zul, Mielke, Michelle, Mostert, Cyprian, Muthoni, Eunice, Nesic-Taylor, Olivera, Ngugi, Anthony, Nguku, Samuel, Ogunniyi, Adesola, Ogunyemi, Adedoyin, Okonkwo, Ozioma, Okubadejo, Njideka, Perneczky, Robert, Peto, Tunde, Rianga, Roselyter, Saleh, Mansoor, Sayed, Shaheen, Shah, Jasmit, Shah, Sheena, Solomon, Alina, Thesen, Thomas, Trepel, Dominic, Ucheagwu, Valentine, Valcour, Victor, Waa, Sheila, Watermeyer, Tamlyn, Yokoyama, Jennifer, Zetterberg, Henrik, and Kivipelto, Miia

Subjects
Alzheimers disease, brain banking, community‐based participatory research, dementia prevention trials, fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers, health economics, implementation science, retinal imaging
Abstract

Dementia prevention in Africa is critically underexplored, despite the continents high prevalence of modifiable risk factors. With a predominantly young and middle-aged population, Africa presents a prime opportunity to implement evidence-based strategies that could significantly reduce future dementia cases and mitigate its economic impact. The multinational Africa-FINGERS program offers an innovative solution, pioneering culturally sensitive, multidomain interventions tailored to the unique challenges of the region.  Leveraging insights from landmark global studies such as Worldwide-FINGERS and Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, the program employs a multideterminant precision prevention framework, grounded in community based systems dynamics. Africa-FINGERS further integrates cutting-edge state-of-the-art multimodal biomarker evaluations tailored to regional contexts, with the goal of advancing brain health and establishing a global standard for dementia prevention. This groundbreaking initiative highlights the potential for scalableand sustainable interventions, thus is poised to transform dementia risk reduction efforts across the continent. HIGHLIGHTS: Dementia rates are escalating in Africa, largely due to longer life spans and increased prevalence of modifiable risk factors. Yet, few regional interventions have directly targeted lifestyle factors to reduce dementia risk. The multinational Africa-FINGERS study will address this gap by adapting the successful FINGERS lifestyle intervention to African populations. Africa-FINGERS will pioneer a culturally informed, multidomain dementia risk reduction intervention in the African region through feasibility dementia prevention trials in rural and urban sites across Kenya and Nigeria in the first instance, enrolling 600 at-risk adults (≥ 50 years). The program adopts participatory research methods to develop culturally appropriate interventions and build infrastructure to evaluate dementia biomarkers from ante and post mortem samples. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted to guide the strategic implementation of Africa-FINGERS into regional health systems. The Africa-FINGERS strategy aligns with the Worldwide-FINGERS framework and integrates the global Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative approach, emphasizing multimodal analysis.

Published
2024

5. Accurate Automatic 3D Annotation of Traffic Lights and Signs for Autonomous Driving

Author

Kunsági-Máté, Sándor, Pető, Levente, Seres, Lehel, and Matuszka, Tamás

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

3D detection of traffic management objects, such as traffic lights and road signs, is vital for self-driving cars, particularly for address-to-address navigation where vehicles encounter numerous intersections with these static objects. This paper introduces a novel method for automatically generating accurate and temporally consistent 3D bounding box annotations for traffic lights and signs, effective up to a range of 200 meters. These annotations are suitable for training real-time models used in self-driving cars, which need a large amount of training data. The proposed method relies only on RGB images with 2D bounding boxes of traffic management objects, which can be automatically obtained using an off-the-shelf image-space detector neural network, along with GNSS/INS data, eliminating the need for LiDAR point cloud data., Comment: Accepted at the 2nd Workshop on Vision-Centric Autonomous Driving (VCAD) as part of ECCV 2024

Published
2024

6. Risk prediction of ischemic heart disease using plasma proteomics, conventional risk factors and polygenic scores in Chinese and European adults

Author

Mazidi, Mohsen, Wright, Neil, Yao, Pang, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Millwood, Iona Y., Fry, Hannah, Said, Saredo, Pozarickij, Alfred, Pei, Pei, Chen, Yiping, Wang, Baihan, Avery, Daniel, Du, Huaidong, Schmidt, Dan Valle, Yang, Ling, Lv, Jun, Yu, Canqing, Sun, DianJianYi, Chen, Junshi, Hill, Michael, Peto, Richard, Collins, Rory, Bennett, Derrick A., Walters, Robin G., Li, Liming, Clarke, Robert, and Chen, Zhengming

Published
2024
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7. Faricimab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema: from preclinical studies to phase 3 outcomes

Author

Agostini, Hansjürgen, Abreu, Francis, Baumal, Caroline R., Chang, Dolly S., G. Csaky, Karl, Demetriades, Anna M., Kodjikian, Laurent, Lim, Jennifer I., Margaron, Philippe, Monés, Jordi M., Peto, Tunde, Ricci, Federico, Rüth, Matthias, Singh, Rishi P., Stoilov, Ivaylo, Swaminathan, Balakumar, Willis, Jeffrey R., and Westenskow, Peter D.

Published
2024
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11. Self-swabbing versus assisted swabbing for viral detection by qRT-PCR: the experience from SARS-CoV-2 based on a meta-analysis of six prospectively designed evaluations conducted in a UK setting

Author

Fowler, Tom, Chapman, David, Futschik, Matthias E., Tunkel, Sarah A., Blandford, Edward, Turek, Elena, Kolade, Olumide, da Cunha, Sergio Souza, Dodgson, Andrew, Klapper, Paul, Sudhanva, Malur, Davies, Lindsey, Hill, Sue, Hopkins, Susan, and Peto, Tim

Published
2024
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13. Population genomics and transcriptomics of Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia and Vietnam uncover key components of the artemisinin resistance genetic background

Author

Nayak, Sourav, Peto, Thomas J., Kucharski, Michal, Tripura, Rupam, Callery, James J., Quang Huy, Duong Tien, Gendrot, Mathieu, Lek, Dysoley, Nghia, Ho Dang Trung, van der Pluijm, Rob W., Dong, Nguyen, Long, Le Thanh, Vongpromek, Ranitha, Rekol, Huy, Hoang Chau, Nguyen, Miotto, Olivo, Mukaka, Mavuto, Dhorda, Mehul, von Seidlein, Lorenz, Imwong, Mallika, Roca, Xavier, Day, Nicholas P. J., White, Nicholas J., Dondorp, Arjen M., and Bozdech, Zbynek

Published
2024
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16. Causal relevance of different blood pressure traits on risk of cardiovascular diseases: GWAS and Mendelian randomisation in 100,000 Chinese adults

Author

Pozarickij, Alfred, Gan, Wei, Lin, Kuang, Clarke, Robert, Fairhurst-Hunter, Zammy, Koido, Masaru, Kanai, Masahiro, Okada, Yukinori, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Bennett, Derrick, Du, Huaidong, Chen, Yiping, Yang, Ling, Avery, Daniel, Guo, Yu, Yu, Min, Yu, Canqing, Schmidt Valle, Dan, Lv, Jun, Chen, Junshi, Peto, Richard, Collins, Rory, Li, Liming, Chen, Zhengming, Millwood, Iona Y., and Walters, Robin G.

Published
2024
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18. Clinical trial results in context: comparison of baseline characteristics and outcomes of 38,510 RECOVERY trial participants versus a reference population of 346,271 people hospitalised with COVID-19 in England

Author

Pessoa-Amorim, Guilherme, Goldacre, Raphael, Crichton, Charles, Stevens, Will, Nunn, Michelle, King, Andy, Murray, Dave, Welsh, Richard, Pinches, Heather, Rees, Andrew, Morris, Eva J. A., Landray, Martin J., Haynes, Richard, Horby, Peter, Wallendszus, Karl, Peto, Leon, Campbell, Mark, Harper, Charlie, and Mafham, Marion

Published
2024
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19. Improving the representativeness of UK’s national COVID-19 Infection Survey through spatio-temporal regression and post-stratification

Author

Pouwels, Koen B., Eyre, David W., House, Thomas, Aspey, Ben, Matthews, Philippa C., Stoesser, Nicole, Newton, John N., Diamond, Ian, Studley, Ruth, Taylor, Nick G. H., Bell, John I., Farrar, Jeremy, Kolenchery, Jaison, Marsden, Brian D., Hoosdally, Sarah, Jones, E. Yvonne, Stuart, David I., Crook, Derrick W., Peto, Tim E. A., and Walker, A. Sarah

Published
2024
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22. Author Correction: The plasmidome associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infections: a large-scale observational study using complete plasmid assemblies

Author

Lipworth, Samuel, Matlock, William, Shaw, Liam, Vihta, Karina-Doris, Rodger, Gillian, Chau, Kevin, Barker, Leanne, George, Sophie, Kavanagh, James, Davies, Timothy, Vaughan, Alison, Andersson, Monique, Jeffery, Katie, Oakley, Sarah, Morgan, Marcus, Hopkins, Susan, Peto, Timothy, Crook, Derrick, Walker, A. Sarah, and Stoesser, Nicole

Published
2024
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23. SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial virus positivity and association with influenza-like illness and self-reported symptoms, over the 2022/23 winter season in the UK: a longitudinal surveillance cohort

Author

Dietz, Elisabeth, Pritchard, Emma, Pouwels, Koen, Ehsaan, Muhammad, Blake, Joshua, Gaughan, Charlotte, Haduli, Eric, Boothe, Hugh, Vihta, Karina-Doris, Peto, Tim, Stoesser, Nicole, Matthews, Philippa, Taylor, Nick, Diamond, Ian, Studley, Ruth, Rourke, Emma, Birrell, Paul, De Angelis, Daniela, Fowler, Tom, Watson, Conall, Eyre, David, House, Thomas, and Walker, Ann Sarah

Published
2024
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24. The plasmidome associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infections: A large-scale observational study using complete plasmid assemblies

Author

Lipworth, Samuel, Matlock, William, Shaw, Liam, Vihta, Karina-Doris, Rodger, Gillian, Chau, Kevin, Barker, Leanne, George, Sophie, Kavanagh, James, Davies, Timothy, Vaughan, Alison, Andersson, Monique, Jeffery, Katie, Oakley, Sarah, Morgan, Marcus, Hopkins, Susan, Peto, Timothy, Crook, Derrick, Walker, A. Sarah, and Stoesser, Nicole

Published
2024
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26. Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author

Horby, Peter W., Peto, Leon, Staplin, Natalie, Campbell, Mark, Pessoa-Amorim, Guilherme, Mafham, Marion, Emberson, Jonathan R., Stewart, Richard, Prudon, Benjamin, Uriel, Alison, Green, Christopher A., Dhasmana, Devesh J., Malein, Flora, Majumdar, Jaydip, Collini, Paul, Shurmer, Jack, Yates, Bryan, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Buch, Maya H., Day, Jeremy, Faust, Saul N., Jaki, Thomas, Jeffery, Katie, Juszczak, Edmund, Knight, Marian, Lim, Wei Shen, Montgomery, Alan, Mumford, Andrew, Rowan, Kathryn, Thwaites, Guy, Haynes, Richard, and Landray, Martin J.

Published
2024
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27. Expanding the roles of community health workers to sustain programmes during malaria elimination: a meeting report on operational research in Southeast Asia

Author

Dysoley, Lek, Callery, James J., Bunreth, Voeurng, Vanna, Moul, Davoeung, Chan, Sovann, Yok, You, Sles, Ol, Sam, Tripura, Rupam, Chew, Rusheng, Chandna, Arjun, Christiansen-Jucht, Céline, Hughes, Jayme, Sokomar, Nguon, Sophornarann, Top, Rideout, Jeanne, Veyvath, Tat, Sarith, Oum, Puthy, Thaung, Sothearoth, Hay, An, Sen Sam, Zaman, Sazid Ibna, von Seidlein, Lorenz, Vanthy, Lim, Sodavuth, Preap, Vannak, Chrun, Dondorp, Arjen M., Lubell, Yoel, Maude, Richard J., Peto, Thomas J., and Adhikari, Bipin

Published
2024
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28. On The Effects of The Variations In Network Characteristics In Cyber Physical Systems

Author

Szabó, Géza, Rácz, Sándor, Pető, József, and Aschoff, Rafael Roque

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

The popular robotic simulator, Gazebo, lacks the feature of simulating the effects of control latency that would make it a fully-fledged cyber-physical system (CPS) simulator. The CPS that we address to measure is a robotic arm (UR5) controlled remotely with velocity commands. The main goal is to measure Quality of Control (QoC) related KPIs during various network conditions in a simulated environment. We propose a Gazebo plugin to make the above measurement feasible by making Gazebo capable to delay internal control and status messages and also to interface with external network simulators to derive even more advanced network effects. Our preliminary evaluation shows that there is certainly an effect on the behavior of the robotic arm with the introduced network latency in line with our expectations, but a more detailed further study is needed., Comment: In Proc., 31st European Simulation and Modelling Conference, Oct 25-27, 2017

Published
2023

29. FATHER: FActory on THE Road

Author

Szabó, Géza, Tárnok, Balázs, Vajda, Levente, Pető, József, and Vidács, Attila

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

In most factories today the robotic cells are deployed on well enforced bases to avoid any external impact on the accuracy of production. In contrast to that, we evaluate a futuristic concept where the whole robotic cell could work in a moving platform. Imagine a trailer of a truck moving along the motorway while exposed to heavy physical impacts due to maneuvering. The key question here is how the robotic cell behaves and how the productivity is affected. We propose a system architecture (FATHER) and show some solutions including network related information and artificial intelligence to make the proposed futuristic concept feasible to implement., Comment: In Proc., 35th European Simulation and Modelling Conference, Oct 27-29, 2021

Published
2023

30. Mutation of SIVA, a candidate metastasis gene identified from clonally related bilateral breast cancers, promotes breast cancer cell spread in vitro and in vivo.

Author

Vermehren-Schmaedick, Anke, Peto, Myron, Wagoner, Wendy, Chiotti, Kami, Ramsey, Elizabeth, Wang, Xiaoyan, Rakshe, Shauna, Minnier, Jessica, Sears, Rosalie, Spellman, Paul, and Luoh, Shiuh-Wen

Subjects
Animals, Female, Humans, Mice, Breast Neoplasms, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement, DNA Copy Number Variations, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mutation, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Metastasis, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
Abstract

Metastasis is the most dreaded outcome after a breast cancer diagnosis, and little is known regarding what triggers or promotes breast cancer to spread distally, or how to prevent or eradicate metastasis effectively. Bilateral breast cancers are an uncommon form of breast cancers. In our study, a percentage of bilateral breast cancers were clonally related based on copy number variation profiling. Whole exome sequencing and comparative sequence analysis revealed that a limited number of somatic mutations were acquired in this breast-to-breast metastasis that might promote breast cancer distant spread. One somatic mutation acquired was SIVA-D160N that displayed pro-metastatic phenotypes in vivo and in vitro. Over-expression of SIVA-D160N promoted migration and invasion of human MB-MDA-231 breast cancer cells in vitro, consistent with a dominant negative interfering function. When introduced via tail vein injection, 231 cells over-expressing SIVA-D160N displayed enhanced distant spread on IVIS imaging. Over-expression of SIVA-D160N promoted invasion and anchorage independent growth of mouse 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. When introduced orthotopically via mammary fat pad injection in syngeneic Balb/c mice, over-expression of SIVA-D160N in 4T1 cells increased orthotopically implanted mammary gland tumor growth as well as liver metastasis. Clonally related bilateral breast cancers represented a novel system to investigate metastasis and revealed a role of SIVA-D160N in breast cancer metastasis. Further characterization and understanding of SIVA function, and that of its interacting proteins, may elucidate mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis, providing clinically useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Published
2024

31. Novel dual action PARP and microtubule polymerization inhibitor AMXI-5001 powerfully inhibits growth of esophageal carcinoma both alone and in combination with radiotherapy.

Author

Brand, Nathan, Yang, Yi-Wei, Ding, Vivianne, Dutta, Hannah, Peto, Csaba, Lemjabbar-Alaoui, Hassan, and Jablons, David

Subjects
Esophageal carcinoma, PARP inhibitors, microtubule polymerization inhibitors, radiotherapy, xenograft model
Abstract

Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths globally with an incidence that is concentrated in specific hot spots in Eastern Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Africa, and South America. 10-year overall survival for patients treated with standard of care chemoradiation followed by surgical resection is below 40% highlighting the need for novel therapeutics to treat this disease. We assessed the effect of AMXI-5001, a novel small molecule poly ADP-Ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor and microtubule polymerization inhibitor on tumor growth inhibition in both in-vitro and in-vivo murine models. We found that AMXI-5001 was the most potent growth inhibitor of 8 out of 9 different esophageal carcinoma cell lines compared to other clinically available PARP inhibitors, Olaparib, Niraparib, Rucaparib, and Talazoparib. We then confirmed the previously described mechanism of action of AMXI-5001 as a PARP-inhibitor and microtubule polymerization inhibitor using both a PARP trapping assay and immunofluorescence. To further assess AMXI-5001s potential as a therapeutic for esophageal carcinoma we evaluated the effect of AMXI-5001 in combination with standard chemotherapy agents, Cisplatin and 5 Fluorouracil. We showed that AMXI-5001 synergistically inhibits growth in KYSE-70, a squamous esophageal cell line in combination with these drugs. In addition, we found that AMXI-5001 was an effective radiosensitizer, and squamous esophageal carcinoma cell lines treated 24 hours prior to external beam radiation showed significantly more growth inhibition compared to controls. Finally, we assessed the effect of AMXI-5001 monotherapy and in combination with radiotherapy in a xenograft mouse model implanted with subcutaneous KYSE-70 cells. Compared to vehicle control, and those treated with either AMXI-5001 alone or radiation alone, mice treated with both AMXI-5001 and radiation had significant tumor response. In conclusion, AMXI-5001 is an orally bioavailable dual-action PARP and microtubule polymerization inhibitor that holds promise in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.

Published
2024

34. A Likelihood Ratio Approach for Utilizing Case‐Control Data in the Clinical Classification of Rare Sequence Variants: Application to BRCA1 and BRCA2

Author

Zanti, Maria, O′Mahony, Denise G, Parsons, Michael T, Li, Hongyan, Dennis, Joe, Aittomäkkiki, Kristiina, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Aronson, Kristan J, Augustinsson, Annelie, Becher, Heiko, Bojesen, Stig E, Bolla, Manjeet K, Brenner, Hermann, Brown, Melissa A, Buys, Saundra S, Canzian, Federico, Caputo, Sandrine M, Castelao, Jose E, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Collaborators, GC-HBOC study, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, De Nicolo, Arcangela, Devilee, Peter, Dörk, Thilo, Dunning, Alison M, Dwek, Miriam, Eccles, Diana M, Engel, Christoph, Evans, D Gareth, Fasching, Peter A, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Giele, Willemina RR Geurts-, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Goldberg, Mark S, Garcia, Encarna B Gómez, Güendert, Melanie, Guénel, Pascal, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Harkness, Elaine F, Hogervorst, Frans BL, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hoppe, Reiner, Hopper, John L, Houdayer, Claude, Houlston, Richard S, Howell, Anthony, Investigators, ABCTB, Jakimovska, Milena, Jakubowska, Anna, Jernström, Helena, John, Esther M, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kitahara, Cari M, Koutros, Stella, Kraft, Peter, Kristensen, Vessela N, Lacey, James V, Lambrechts, Diether, Léoné, Melanie, Lindblom, Annika, Lubiński, Jan, Lush, Michael, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Martinez, Maria Elena, Menon, Usha, Milne, Roger L, Monteiro, Alvaro N, Murphy, Rachel A, Neuhausen, Susan L, Nevanlinna, Heli, Newman, William G, Offit, Kenneth, Park, Sue K, James, Paul, Peterlongo, Paolo, Peto, Julian, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Punie, Kevin, Radice, Paolo, Rashid, Muhammad U, Rennert, Gad, Romero, Atocha, Rosenberg, Efraim H, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sandler, Dale P, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Schmutzler, Rita K, and Shu, Xiao-Ou

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Genetics, Human Genome, Cancer, Prevention, Breast Cancer, Genetic Testing, Biotechnology, Women's Health, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Case-Control Studies, BRCA2 Protein, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Female, BRCA1 Protein, Breast Neoplasms, Likelihood Functions, Genetic Variation, Penetrance, GC-HBOC study Collaborators, ABCTB Investigators, ACMG/AMP, BRCA, PS4, VUS, case-control, likelihood ratio, variant classification, Clinical Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Clinical sciences
Abstract

A large number of variants identified through clinical genetic testing in disease susceptibility genes, are of uncertain significance (VUS). Following the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP), the frequency in case-control datasets (PS4 criterion), can inform their interpretation. We present a novel case-control likelihood ratio-based method that incorporates gene-specific age-related penetrance. We demonstrate the utility of this method in the analysis of simulated and real datasets. In the analyses of simulated data, the likelihood ratio method was more powerful compared to other methods. Likelihood ratios were calculated for a case-control dataset of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), and compared with logistic regression results. A larger number of variants reached evidence in favor of pathogenicity, and a substantial number of variants had evidence against pathogenicity - findings that would not have been reached using other case-control analysis methods. Our novel method provides greater power to classify rare variants compared to classical case-control methods. As an initiative from the ENIGMA Analytical Working Group, we provide user-friendly scripts and pre-formatted excel calculators for implementation of the method for rare variants in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other high-risk genes with known penetrance.

Published
2023

35. Representation of s-process abundances for comparison to data from bulk meteorites

Author

Lugaro, Maria, Ek, Mattias, Pető, Mária, Pignatari, Marco, Makhatadze, Georgy V., Onyett, Isaac J., and Schönbächler, Maria

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Analysis of bulk meteorite compositions has revealed small isotopic variations due to the presence of material (e.g., stardust) that preserved the signature of nuclear reactions occurring in specific stellar sites. The interpretation of such anomalies provides evidence for the environment of the birth of the Sun, its accretion process, the evolution of the solar proto-planetary disk, and the formation of the planets. A crucial element of such interpretation is the comparison of the observed anomalies to predictions from models of stellar nucleosynthesis. To date, however, this comparison has been limited to a handful of model predictions. This is mostly because the calculated stellar abundances need to be transformed into a specific representation, which nuclear astrophysicists and stellar nucleosynthesis researchers are not familiar with. Here, we show in detail that this representation is needed to account for mass fractionation effects in meteorite data that can be generated both in nature and during instrumental analysis. We explain the required internal normalisation to a selected isotopic ratio, describe the motivations behind such representation more widely, and provide the tools to perform the calculations. Then, we present some examples considering two elements produced by the $slow$ neutron-capture ($s$) process: Sr and Mo. We show which specific representations for the Sr isotopic composition calculated by $s$-process models better disentangle the nucleosynthetic signatures from stars of different metallicity. For Mo, the comparison between data and models is improved due to a recent re-analysis of the $^{95}$Mo neutron-capture cross section., Comment: Accepted for publication in the EPJA Special Issue on: 'From reactors to stars' in honor of Franz K\"appeler

Published
2023
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36. Inhomogeneous enrichment of radioactive nuclei in the Galaxy: Deposition of live Mn-53, Fe-60, Hf-182, and Pu-244 into deep-sea archives. Surfing the wave?

Author

Wehmeyer, Benjamin, López, Andrés Yagüe, Côté, Benoit, Pető, Maria K., Kobayashi, Chiaki, and Lugaro, Maria

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

While modelling the galactic chemical evolution (GCE) of stable elements provides insights to the formation history of the Galaxy and the relative contributions of nucleosynthesis sites, modelling the evolution of short-lived radioisotopes (SLRs) can provide supplementary timing information on recent nucleosynthesis. To study the evolution of SLRs, we need to understand their spatial distribution. Using a 3-dimensional GCE model, we investigated the evolution of four SLRs: Mn-53, Fe-60, Hf-182, and Pu-244 with the aim of explaining detections of recent (within the last $\approx$1-20 Myr) deposition of live Mn-53, Fe-60, and Pu-244 of extrasolar origin into deep-sea reservoirs. We find that core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are the dominant propagation mechanism of SLRs in the Galaxy. This results in the simultaneously arrival of these four SLRs on Earth, although they could have been produced in different astrophysical sites, which can explain why live extrasolar Mn-53, Fe-60, and Pu-244 are found within the same, or similar, layers of deep-sea sediments. We predict that Hf-182 should also be found in such sediments at similar depths., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures

Published
2023
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37. aiMotive Dataset: A Multimodal Dataset for Robust Autonomous Driving with Long-Range Perception

Author

Matuszka, Tamás, Barton, Iván, Butykai, Ádám, Hajas, Péter, Kiss, Dávid, Kovács, Domonkos, Kunsági-Máté, Sándor, Lengyel, Péter, Németh, Gábor, Pető, Levente, Ribli, Dezső, Szeghy, Dávid, Vajna, Szabolcs, and Varga, Bálint

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Autonomous driving is a popular research area within the computer vision research community. Since autonomous vehicles are highly safety-critical, ensuring robustness is essential for real-world deployment. While several public multimodal datasets are accessible, they mainly comprise two sensor modalities (camera, LiDAR) which are not well suited for adverse weather. In addition, they lack far-range annotations, making it harder to train neural networks that are the base of a highway assistant function of an autonomous vehicle. Therefore, we introduce a multimodal dataset for robust autonomous driving with long-range perception. The dataset consists of 176 scenes with synchronized and calibrated LiDAR, camera, and radar sensors covering a 360-degree field of view. The collected data was captured in highway, urban, and suburban areas during daytime, night, and rain and is annotated with 3D bounding boxes with consistent identifiers across frames. Furthermore, we trained unimodal and multimodal baseline models for 3D object detection. Data are available at \url{https://github.com/aimotive/aimotive_dataset}., Comment: The paper was accepted to ICLR 2023 Workshop Scene Representations for Autonomous Driving

Published
2022

38. Random Ising chain in transverse and longitudinal fields: Strong disorder RG study

Author

Pető, Tamás, Iglói, Ferenc, and Kovács, István A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

Motivated by the compound ${\rm LiHo}_x{\rm Y}_{1-x}{\rm F}_4$, we consider the Ising chain with random couplings and in the presence of simultaneous random transverse and longitudinal fields, and study its low-energy properties at zero temperature by the strong disorder renormalization group approach. In the absence of longitudinal fields, the system exhibits a quantum-ordered and a quantum-disordered phase separated by a critical point of infinite disorder. When the longitudinal random field is switched on, the ordered phase vanishes and the trajectories of the renormalization group are attracted to two disordered fixed points: one is characteristic of the classical random field Ising chain, the other describes the quantum disordered phase. The two disordered phases are separated by a separatrix that starts at the infinite disorder fixed point and near which there are strong quantum fluctuations., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures

Published
2022
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39. Origin of Plutonium-244 in the Early Solar System

Author

Lugaro, Maria, López, Andrés Yagüe, Soós, Benjámin, Côté, Benoit, Pető, Mária, Vassh, Nicole, Wehmeyer, Benjamin, and Pignatari, Marco

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We investigate the origin in the early Solar System of the short-lived radionuclide 244Pu (with a half life of 80 Myr) produced by the rapid (r) neutron-capture process. We consider two large sets of r-process nucleosynthesis models and analyse if the origin of 244Pu in the ESS is consistent with that of the other r and slow (s) neutron-capture process radioactive nuclei. Uncertainties on the r-process models come from both the nuclear physics input and the astrophysical site. The former strongly affects the ratios of isotopes of close mass (129I/127I, 244Pu/238U, and 247Pu/235U). The 129I/247Cm ratio, instead, which involves isotopes of a very different mass, is much more variable than those listed above and is more affected by the physics of the astrophysical site. We consider possible scenarios for the evolution of the abundances of these radioactive nuclei in the galactic interstellar medium and verify under which scenarios and conditions solutions can be found for the origin of 244Pu that are consistent with the origin of the other isotopes. Solutions are generally found for all the possible different regimes controlled by the interval ($\delta$) between additions from the source to the parcel of interstellar medium gas that ended up in the Solar System, relative to decay timescales. If r-process ejecta in interstellar medium are mixed within a relatively small area (leading to a long $\delta$), we derive that the last event that explains the 129I and 247Cm abundances in the early Solar System can also account for the abundance of 244Pu. Due to its longer half life, however, 244Pu may have originated from a few events instead of one only. If r-process ejecta in interstellar medium are mixed within a relatively large area (leading to a short $\delta$), we derive that the time elapsed from the formation of the molecular cloud to the formation of the Sun was 9-16 Myr., Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, published on Universe as part of the Special Issue "Nuclear Astrophysics in the Era of High Precision Astronomy"

Published
2022
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41. 14.1 In Practice: RECOVERY Trial

Author

Horby, Peter, Peto, Leon, Landray, Martin, Sorenson, Robert A., editor, Higgs, Elizabeth S., Editor-in-Chief, Fallah, Mosoka P., Section Editor, Lurie, Nicole, Section Editor, McNay, Laura A., Section Editor, and Smith, Peter G., Section Editor

Published
2024
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44. Diabetic Retinopathy Predicts Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Danish Registry-Based Nationwide Cohort Study

Author

Pedersen, Frederik Nørregaard, primary, Stokholm, Lonny, additional, Pouwer, Frans, additional, Hass Rubin, Katrine, additional, Peto, Tunde, additional, Frydkjær-Olsen, Ulrik, additional, Thykjær, Anne Suhr, additional, Andersen, Nis, additional, Andresen, Jens, additional, Bek, Toke, additional, La Cour, Morten, additional, Heegaard, Steffen, additional, Højlund, Kurt, additional, Kawasaki, Ryo, additional, Hajari, Javad Nouri, additional, Ohm Kyvik, Kirsten, additional, Laugesen, Caroline Schmidt, additional, Schielke, Katja Christina, additional, Simó, Rafael, additional, and Grauslund, Jakob, additional

Published
2024
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45. Associations of long-term nitrogen dioxide exposure with a wide spectrum of diseases: a prospective cohort study of 0·5 million Chinese adults

Author

Chen, Junshi, Chen, Zhengming, Clarke, Robert, Collins, Rory, Li, Liming, Lv, Jun, Peto, Richard, Walters, Robin, EdrisMohamed, Ahmed, Pozarickij, Alfred, Iona, Andri, Wang, Baihan, Clarke, Charlotte, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Schmidt, Dan, Avery, Daniel, Bennett, Derrick, Fry, Hannah, Du, Huaidong, Lam, Hubert, Turnbull, Iain, Millwood, Iona, Liu, James, Clarke, Jonathan, Chan, Ka Hung, Kolhe, Kshitij, Lin, Kuang, Wang, Lin, Yang, Ling, Kakkoura, Maria, Rahmati, Maryam, Barnard, Maxim, Mazidi, Mohsen, Wright, Neil, Yao, Pang, Ryder, Paul, Im, Pek Kei, Harish, Prapthi, Nie, Qunhua, Stevens, Rebecca, Boxall, Ruth, Morris, Sam, Gilbert, Simon, Yang, Xiaoming, Chen, Yiping, Han, Xiao, Hou, Can, Xia, Qingmei, Liu, Chao, Pei, Pei, Sun, Dianjianyi, Yu, Canqing, Pan, Lang, Pang, Zengchang, Gao, Ruiqin, Li, Shanpeng, Duan, Haiping, Wang, Shaojie, Liu, Yongmei, Du, Ranran, Zang, Yajing, Cheng, Liang, Tian, Xiaocao, Zhang, Hua, Zhai, Yaoming, Ning, Feng, Sun, Xiaohui, Li, Feifei, Lv, Silu, Wang, Junzheng, Hou, Wei, Sun, Wei, Yan, Shichun, Cui, Xiaoming, Wang, Chi, Wu, Zhenyuan, Li, Yanjie, Kang, Quan, Luo, Huiming, Qu, Tingting, Zheng, Xiangyang, Guo, Zhendong, Wu, Shukuan, Li, Yilei, Li, Huimei, Wu, Ming, Zhou, Yonglin, Zhou, Jinyi, Tao, Ran, Yang, Jie, Su, Jian, Liu, Fang, Zhang, Jun, Hu, Yihe, Lu, Yan, Ma, Liangcai, Tang, Aiyu, Zhang, Shuo, Jin, Jianrong, Liu, Jingchao, Lin, Mei, Lu, Zhenzhen, Zhou, Lifang, Xie, Changping, Lan, Jian, Zhu, Tingping, Liu, Yun, Wei, Liuping, Zhou, Liyuan, Chen, Ningyu, Qin, Yulu, Wang, Sisi, Wu, Xiangping, Zhang, Ningmei, Chen, Xiaofang, Chang, Xiaoyu, Yuan, Mingqiang, Wu, Xia, Jiang, Wei, Liu, Jiaqiu, Sun, Qiang, Chen, Faqing, Ren, Xiaolan, Dong, Caixia, Zhang, Hui, Mao, Enke, Wang, Xiaoping, Wang, Tao, Zhang, Xi, Kang, Kai, Feng, Shixian, Tian, Huizi, Fan, Lei, Li, Xiaolin, Sun, Huarong, He, Pan, Zhang, Xukui, Yu, Min, Hu, Ruying, Wang, Hao, Zhang, Xiaoyi, Cao, Yuan, Xie, Kaixu, Chen, Lingli, Shen, Dun, Li, Xiaojun, Jin, Donghui, Yin, Li, Liu, Huilin, Fu, Zhongxi, Xu, Xin, Zhang, Hao, Chen, Jianwei, Peng, Yuan, Zhang, Libo, Qu, Chan, Xia, Xi, Meng, Xia, Liu, Cong, Guo, Yi, Li, Xinyue, Niu, Yue, Lam, Kin Bong Hubert, Gao, Ruqin, Wu, Shaowei, and Kan, Haidong

Published
2024
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