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V sodobnem globaliziranem svetu se tako države kot multinacionalna podjetja borijo za svoj delež z vse bolj celostnimi in inovativnimi pristopi. Multinacionalna podjetja vedno bolj uporabljajo korporativno znamčenje, kjer vsako označevanje z znamko temelji na celotnem podjetju in zahteva drugačen pristop kot tipično produktno znamčenje. Pomena izgradnje znamke pa se vedno bolj zavedajo tudi države, čeprav je znamčenje držav še vedno relativno mlad pojav. Magistrsko delo analizira vzajemnost odnosa med znamko države in korporativno znamko in koristi, ki jih vzajemni odnos prinaša obema mednarodnima akterjema. V magistrskem delu z interpretacijo relevantnih sekundarnih virov analiziram ključne teoretične koncepte, ki jih preverjam s študijo primera. V študiji primera analiziram možne povezave med znamko Slovenije in korporativno znamko Gorenje, ki je eno najuspešnejših slovenskih multinacionalnih podjetij. Ugotavljam, da lahko močna znamka države svojim korporativnim znamkam nudi edinstveno kombinacijo vrednot, ki izboljšuje njihov položaj na mednarodnem trgu, korporativne znamke pa s svojo prepoznavnostjo dodajo vrednost znamki države. Takšen vzajemen odnos krepi konkurenčne prednosti obeh mednarodnih akterjev. Cilj naloge je osvetliti in povezati relevantne teoretične koncepte in prispevati k tematiki, ki v praksi za oba akterja ponuja še veliko neizkoriščenih prednosti. In today's modern globalized world, both countries and multinational corporations fight for their share with increasingly integrated and innovative approaches. Multinational corporations are increasingly leaning towards corporate branding, where brand represents the entire company and not just its products or services. Countries are also becoming more and more aware of the importance of brand building, although country branding is still a relatively young phenomenon. The master thesis analyzes the reciprocity of the relationship between country brand and corporate brand and the benefits that mutual relationship brings to both international actors. With the method of interpreting relevant secondary sources key theoretical concepts are analyzed and applied in the case study. In the case study we analyze possible connections between country brand Slovenia and corporate brand Gorenje that represents one of the most successful Slovenian multinational corporations. The research shows that a strong country brand can offer a unique combination of values to its corporate brands to improve their position in the international market. On the other hand, when corporate brands are globally recognized, they add value to the country brands. This mutual relationship strengthens the competitive advantages of both international actors. The purpose of the thesis is to shed light on relevant theoretical concepts and to contribute to a topic which in practice offers both actors plenty of still unexploited advantages.

Subaqueous, fine-grained, cohesive sediments are continuously fluidized by waves and other disturbances that cause their movement, which can be described with numerical models incorporating rheological parameters. The rheological behaviour depends on the soil (solid) type, the volume concentration, the salinity and the testing methods. In this study, rheological investigations of marine sediments from the Port of Koper were carried out by using two coaxial cylinder rheometers (DV3T HB, Brookfield and ConTec Viscometer 5). The influence of the specimen volume, the size of the gap and the type of measuring spindles were analysed and compared. The measured data were evaluated using the Bingham model. For each data set, the boundary between the sheared (“fluid”) and the un-sheared (“solid”) material was calculated and then the calculated boundary was used instead of the outer radius of the cylinder for the evaluation of the rheological parameters, where necessary. A good comparison of the results was found when using this approach. The results are also in agreement with the literature data. The ConTec Viscometer 5, primarily designed for mortars and concrete, was shown to be also suitable for the investigation of sediments. Sedimenti na morskem dnu so nenehno izpostavljeni valovanju in drugim motnjam, ki povzročajo njihovo premikanje. Premikanje lahko opišemo z numeričnimi modeli, ki vključujejo reološke parametre, odvisne od vrste zemljine (trdnine), volumske koncentracije, slanosti in preiskovalnih metod. Ta članek opisuje preiskave reoloških lastnosti morskega sedimenta iz Luke Koper. Raziskave so bile izvedene z uporabo dveh koaksialnih valjastih reometrov (DV3T HB, Brookfield in ConTec Viscometer 5). Analiziran je vpliv volumna vzorca, razdalje med notranjim in zunanjim valjem in vrste uporabljenih vreten. Meritve so analizirane z uporabo Bingham-ovega modela. Za vsako meritev je bila izvrednotena meja med materialom, ki teče in tistim, ki ne teče. Kjer je bilo potrebno, je bila za vrednotenje reoloških parametrov, namesto radija zunanjega cilindra uporabljena izračunana meja. Z uporabo te metode je bilo ugotovljeno dobro ujemanje rezultatov. Rezultati so primerljivi s podatki iz literature za podobne zemljine. ConTec Viscometer 5, ki je prvenstveno razvit za preiskave malt in betonov, je bil prepoznan, kot primeren tudi za preiskave sedimentov.

After construction, compacted clayey soils in different earth structures equilibrate their water content and suction with the local environment. In wet climatic conditions the compaction on the dry side of the Proctor curve, which enables a high layer stiffness during construction, may result in permanent deformation and softening during the lifetime of the structure. This paper presents the results of the tests, performed on a relatively large number of compacted test specimens, where the conventional index parameters, used to identify compacted soils, were supplemented with a suction–water-content curve and measurements of “mould” suction. Correlations were established between the optimum water content and the suction–water-content curve for representative samples, and the influence of the mould suction on the vertical deformation of the compacted samples during inundation in oedometers was studied. Vlaga zgoščenih zemljin se po vgradnji v zemeljske objekte uravnoteži z okolico. V pogojih vlažne in zmerne klime se glinene zemljine, ki so se kompaktirale na suhi strani Proctorjeve krivulje, dodatno navlažijo. Proces vlaženja spremlja zniževanje sukcije in dodatne deformacije, ki so lahko nabrekanje ali strukturni kolaps. Preiskave zemljin iz glinenih nasipov so pokazale, da se sukcija uravnoteži pri vrednostih pod ca. 300 kPa. V prispevku predstavljamo rezultate raziskav, opravljenih na zgoščenih zemljinah, v okviru katerih smo konvencionalne raziskave dopolnili z meritvami sukcije. Na izbranih vzorcih, ki smo jim določili retencijsko krivuljo, smo merili sukcijo pri različnih stopnjah zgoščenosti. Po preplavitvi smo v edometru opazovali deformacije, ki so se v odvisnosti od začetnega stanja odražale kot nabrekalni dvižki ali kolaps. S primerjavo podatkov smo ugotovili, da začetna sukcija nabitih vzorcev pomembno vpliva na značaj deformacij ob vlaženju in bi v prihodnje lahko služila kot pomemben kazalnik uporabnosti glinenih zemljin za inženirske nasipe.

The application of the Enslin-Neff water-adsorption test for the determination of soil-index properties has been investigated on commercially available reference minerals and on real soils. The Enslin-Neff test is a simple and reliable laboratory method, which can provide important information about the behavior of soils, clay-bearing rocks and aggregate fines that are in contact with water. Although the test has been frequently used for bentonite testing, practically no results have been published about the physical meaning of the Enslin-Neff water-adsorption values for real soils. The results of this study indicate that the Enslin-Neff water-adsorption test can be used to obtain accurate values of some soil-index properties, such as the liquid limit, the plasticity index, the methylene-blue value, and the soil-water characteristic curve. Postopek za merjenje adsorpcije vode na fina zrna zemljin in drugih praškastih materialov je razvil Enslin leta 1933. Postopek so kasneje dopolnjevali različni nemški raziskovalci. Danes je postopek znan kot Enslin – Neff postopek in je vključen v nemške standarde. Kljub temu, da je postopek enostaven, hiter in daje pomembne informacije o obnašanju drobno zrnatih materialov v stiku z vodo, je v ne nemško govorečih deželah praktično nepoznan. V prispevku so opisani rezultati raziskav adsorpcije vode po Enslin-Neffu na značilnih slovenskih zemljinah in kamninah ter na referenčnih čistih, monomimeralnih vzorcih. Izmerjene vrednosti adsorpcije vode so primerjane z Atterbergovimi mejami plastičnosti, Metilen modro vrednostjo in vsebnostjo vode na značilnih točkah retencijske krivulje in pri značilnih sukcijah. Rezultati kažejo na direktno zvezo med mejo židkosti in adsorpcijo vode po Enslin – Neffu, ki jo je možno zapisati z enostavno enačbo. Ugotovljeno je tudi, da vrednost adsorpcije vode ustreza prvi točki na deviški retencijski krivulji pri nični sukciji. Zveze med adsorpcijo vode in metilen modrim ni možno zapisati z enotno, splošno veljavno enačbo, ker je v meritvi po Enslin – Neff vključena kapilarna in adsorpcijska voda, metilen modro pa zaznava le adsorpcijski potencial zrn za organsko barvilo metilen modro. Pridobljeni rezultati kažejo, da obstaja zveza med vrednostjo Metilen modro in adsorpcijo vode, vendar bo potrebno za matematični opis te zveze opraviti še dodatne raziskave. Raziskave kažejo, da je Enslin – Neff postopek odlično dopolnilo obstoječim postopkom za karakterizacijo zemljin, kamnin in finih zrn v kamenem agregatu. Prednost postopka pred Atterbergovimi mejami plastičnostmi je zlasti v hitrejši in enostavnejši izvedbi ter predvsem v majhni količini vzorca, potrebni za raziskavo.

The Port of Koper, one of the biggest and the most important ports in the Northern Adriatic Sea, is constantly faced with the problems caused by the accumulation of marine sediments inside the port, disturbing some of the port's crucial operations. However, these sediments can be viewed as a potential raw material and, in order to define the best way of using them in the civil-engineering field, an extensive research project has been launched. The preliminary results of this project are presented and discussed in the paper. So far the project has given two main results: first, the concentrationof heavy metals in the aqueous leachates is low and, secondly, intheir present state, the sediments are too wet, so that there are only limited possibilities for drying them out naturally. For this reason additional technological treatment will be needed. Luka Koper, kot eno najpomembnejših pristanišč v severnem delu Jadranskega morja, se nenehno spopada s težavo akumulacije sedimentov na plovnih poteh, kar povzroča težave pri najbolj kritičnih delovnih zmogljivostih pristanišča. Po drugi strani ta material lahko obravnavamo kot potencialno surovino v gradbeništvu. V prispevku so podani preliminarni rezultati interdisciplinarnih raziskav, ki kažejo naslednje: prvič, koncentracija težkih kovin v izlužkih je nizka in drugič, v stanju, kot je, je sediment preveč vlažen, da bi ga bilo mogoče osuševati z naravnimi postopki in je zato potrebna dodatna tehnološka obdelava.

V diplomskem delu smo na podlagi teoretičnih izhodišč želeli predstaviti pomen, ki ga imata sodelovanje ter vključevanje staršev v proces izobraževanja glasbeno-plesno talentiranih otrok. Glasba in ples imata pri vzgoji otrok neprecenljivo vlogo, saj prispevata k uresničevanju široke palete vzgojno-izobraževalnih ciljev. Glasbene in plesne izkušnje spodbujajo otrokovo izražanje čustev ter izostrijo zavedanje in opažanje čustev drugih. Družina je tista, ki prva ustreže otrokovi želji po plesnem in glasbenem izražanju, zato smo se v nalogi najprej osredotočili na pomen družine, ki je nepogrešljiv dejavnik otrokovega razvoja. Pojasnili smo naloge družine, oblike družin ter družinska vzgojna sredstva. Nato smo opredelili pojem glasbene in plesne talentiranosti, kdo so talentirani otroci, kako jih prepoznamo, kakšne so njihove značilnosti in potrebe ter kakšno vlogo imajo starši pri razvoju otrokove talentiranosti. Predstavili smo tudi Glasbeno šolo Gornja Radgona kot institucijo, ki izobražuje glasbeno in plesno talentirane otroke. Delo z umetniško nadarjenimi otroki zahteva posebne didaktične pristope, ključna pa je vloga staršev kot soudeležencev v izobraževalnem procesu. Otrok potrebuje čustveno podporo staršev, na katero se lahko zanese ne glede na svoje uspehe in neuspehe. Staršem in učiteljem je skupni cilj uspeh otroka, zato je pomembno, da se vzpostavi kakovostni sodelovalni odnos in komunikacija med domom in šolo – starši in učitelji. V nalogi smo predstavili formalne in neformalne oblike sodelovanja med šolo in domom in kako se te konkretno uresničujejo na Glasbeni šoli v Gornji Radgoni. Our aim in this diploma was to introduce the meaning that cooperation and integration of the parents in the educational process of music-dance gifted children. Music and dance play an important role, because they contribute to the realization of a wide range of educational aims. Musical and dance experiences encourage childrens' expression of feelings and sharpen the awareness and observation of the feelings of the others. Family is the first one which satisfies the child's wish for dance and musical expression. In the diploma we put our focus on the meaning of the family which is an indispensable factor of the child's growth. We explained the tasks of the families, their forms and means of education. Later we defined the concept of musical and dance talent, who talented children are, how we recognize them, what their characteristics and needs are and what role the parents play in the development of the childrens' talent. We presented Musical School Gornja Radgona (Glasbena šola Gornja Radgona) as an institution that educates musically and dance gifted children. Working with artistically gifted children demands special didactical approaches, but of crucial importance is the participation of the parents in the eduacational process. A child needs the emotional parents' support on which he can rely, regardless of the success or failure. Parents and teachers strive to children's success. It is important that a qualitative cooperational relationship and communication between home and school – parents and teachers is established. In the diploma we introduced formal and informal forms of cooperation between school and home and also how these take place at the Musical School Gornja Radgona.

Izvleček ; Abstract

Izvleček; Abstract

Za zagotavljanje varne in konkurenčne plovbe je potrebno stalno vzdrževanje in poglabljanje morskih in kopenskih plovnih poti. Pri tem nastajajo velike količine sedimentov, katerih lastnosti so odvisne od značaja geološkega okolja in antropogenih vplivov. Z okoljskega vidika so izkopani sedimenti lahko onesnaženi tako zaradi pristaniške dejavnosti kot zaradi vplivov industrije, rudarstva in neurejene komunalne infrastrukture v širšem zaledju. V mehanskem smislu je značilnost izkopanih sedimentov visoka vsebnost vode in zaradi tega zelo omejene možnosti rabe v gradbeništvu. V magistrskem delu smo najprej pregledali regulativo, ki se dotika ravnanja z vodnimi sedimenti in opise prakse ravnanja v nekateri velikih evropskih lukah, med njimi tudi v Luki Koper. V Luki Koper se sedimenti po izkopu transportirajo na kopno, kjer se v namensko zgrajenih lagunah sušijo in konsolidirajo 3-5 let. Postopek je časovno in prostorsko potraten, zato smo v nalogi raziskali, ali je možno z uporabo kemijskih dodatkov ter ožemanjem pospešiti sedimentacijo in konsolidacijo. Osnovnemu materialu smo dodajali štiri različne kemijske dodatke in opazovali spremembe lastnosti materialov. Raziskovalni del je temeljil na standardnih preiskavah in alternativnih preiskavah, kot sta npr.: preskus sedimentacije v valjih in preskus filtracije skozi kolač (vakuumske filtracije). Continuous dredging and maintenance of maritime and inland waterways are required to ensure safe and competitive navigation. This produces large amounts of sediment, the properties of which depend on the nature of the geological environment of hinterland and anthropogenic impacts. From an environmental point of view, excavated sediments can be polluted by port activity and by the impacts of industry, mining and unregulated communal infrastructure - sewage in the influental hinterland. Potential use of excavated sediments in built environment is limited due to high water content. This thesis focuses on the legislation for water sediments management and on its current practice in the major European ports, including Port of Koper. In the Port of Koper, dredged sediment is presently pumped as slurry into temporary lagoons where the sedimentation and consolidation processes start. Even after few years of resting, dredged sediment in lagoons remain in liquid consistency. Consequently, these large areas are unsuitable for the development of port infrastructure. Due to this, one of the objectives in this thesis was to assess the influence of chemical additives on the slurry sedimentation and consolidation. Also the influence of chemical additives on filterability of slurry and filter cake resistance were investigated. Standard and advanced (alternative) laboratory tests were carried out to determine behaviors of dredged sediment slurry with the addition of four different chemical additives.

V Luki Koper je potrebno stalno vzdrževanje in poglabljanje morskih plovnih poti. Pri tem nastanejo velike količine mešanice gline in vode, ki se odlagajo v namensko zgrajenih bazenih na kopnem, kjer se trdni delci usedejo, voda pa odteka nazaj v morje. Lokalno ime za proces je »refuliranje«, material v procesu pa »reful«. Obravnavani način ravnanja z refulom zavzema velike površine na kopnem, zato Luka Koper išče alternativne rešitve za boljšo rabo tega materiala. Ena od rešitev je izboljšanje lastnosti refula z ožemanjem in dodajanjem veziv. V nalogi smo raziskovali možnost izboljšanja lastnosti refula z apnom ter vplive soli na lastnosti mešanic apna in refula. Za določitev vplivov soli na delovanje apna, so bili odvzeti vzorci pripravljeni na tri načine: (a) s pranjem je bila iz refula odstranjena vsa sol, (b) uporabljen je bil naravno slan reful in (c) reful je bil negovan v zasičeni solni raztopini. Iz tako pripravljenih vzorcev so bile izdelane mešanice z apnom in izvedene laboratorijske preiskave: Atterbergove meje plastičnosti, enoosna tlačna trdnost, vodovpojnost po metodi Enslin-Neff, meja krčenja, sukcija, pH vrednost, metilen modro, Proctorjev preskus in kalifornijski indeks nosilnosti (CBR) ter nabrekanje. Raziskave so pokazale, da sol v porni vodi pozitivno vpliva na obnašanje refula, če je vlaga materiala blizu optimalne vlage. Sol zniža plastičnost, sposobnost navzemanja vode in kationsko izmenjalno kapaciteto zemljine ter zniža optimalno vlago in zviša maksimalno suho gostoto. Pri raziskavah ni bilo zaznati morebitnih škodljivih vplivov soli na obnašanje z apnom izboljšane zemljine. The port of Koper requires constant maintenance and deepening of the sea waterways. This produces large amounts of a clay-water mixture, which is deposited in purpose-built onshore basins where solid particles settle and the water flows back into the sea. The local name for the process is "reful" and the material in the process is "reful". The discussed method of handling reful occupies large areas on land, which is why Luka Koper is looking for alternative solutions for a better use of this material. One solution is to improve reful properties by filtrating and adding binders. In the paper, we explored the possibility of improving the properties of reful with lime and the effects of salt on the properties of mixtures of lime and reful. To determine the effects of salt on the action of lime, the samples taken were prepared in three ways: (a) by washing all salt was removed from reful, (b) naturally salty reful was used and (c) reful was nourished in a saturated salt solution. From the samples thus prepared, lime mixtures were prepared and laboratory tests were carried out: Atterberg plasticity limits, uniaxial compressive strength, Enslin-Neff method of water absorption, shrinkage limit, suction, pH value, methylene blue, Proctor test and California load index (CBR), and swelling. Research has shown that salt in pore water has a positive effect on the behaviour of reful when the moisture of the material is close to optimal moisture. Salt reduces the plasticity, water absorption capacity and cation exchange capacity of the soil and lowers optimum moisture and increases maximum dry density. The research did not detect any potential adverse effects of salt on the behaviour of the lime-improved soil.

The Post-Forum Study Tour following the 4th World Landslide Forum 2017 in Ljubljana (Slovenia) focuses on the variety of landslide forms in Slovenia and its immediate NW surroundings, and the best-known examples of devastating landslides induced by rainfall or earthquakes. They differ in complexity of the both surrounding area and of the particular geological, structural and geotechnical features. Many of the landslides of the Study Tour are characterized by huge volumes and high velocity at the time of activation or development in the debris flow. In addition, to the damage to buildings, the lives of hundreds of people are also endangered; human casualties occur. On the first day, we will observe complex Pleistocene to recent landslides related to the Mesozoic carbonates thrust over folded and tectonically fractured Tertiary siliciclastic flysch in the Vipava Valley (SW Slovenia), serving as the main passage between the Friulian lowland and central Slovenia, and thus also an important corridor connecting Northern Italy to Central Europe. A combination of unfavourable geological conditions and intense short or prolonged rainfall periods leads to the formation of different types of complex landslides, from large-scale deep-seated rotational and translational slides to shallow landslides, slumps and sediment gravity flows in the form of debris or mudflows. The second day of the study tour will be held in the Soča River Valley located in NW Slovenia close to the border with Italy, where the most catastrophic Stože landslide in Slovenia recently caused the deaths of seven people, and the nearby Strug landslide, which is a combination of rockfall, landslide and debris flow. The final day of the Post-Forum Study Tour will start in the Valcanale Valley located across the border between Slovenia and Italy, severely affected by a debris flow in August 2003. The flow caused the deaths of two people, damaged 260 buildings; large amounts of deposits blocked the A23 Highway, covering both lanes. In Carinthia (Austria), about 25 km west of Villach, the Dobrač/Dobratsch multiple scarps of prehistoric and historic rockslides will be observed. Dobratsch is a massive mountain ridge with a length of 17 km and a width of 6 km, characterized by steep rocky walls. The 3-day study tour will conclude with a presentation of the Potoška planina landslide, a slide whose lower part may eventually generate a debris flow and therefore represents a hazard for the inhabitants and for the infrastructure within or near the village of Koroška Bela.

Kontinuirana kontrola zgoščanja (CCC) je postopek, pri katerem delovanje valjarja med zgoščanjem omogoča simultano spremljanje odzivov plasti. Postopek je star 40 let. Namen tega diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti, kako se meritve dinamične merilne vrednosti merjene s CCC odzivajo na različne vplive okolja in kako jih lahko primerjamo s standardnimi točkovnimi metodami kontrole kakovosti vgradnje. Raziskave smo izvedli na nasipih grajenih v okviru gradnje akumulacijskega bazena za HE Brežice. Z opravljenimi raziskavami na izbranih materialih ni bilo mogoče izvesti enovite kalibracije CCC za točkovne vrednosti meritev togosti Evd in gostote merjene z izotopsko sondo. Izkazalo se je, da sistem CCC zaznava spremembe lastnosti vgrajene plasti, ki jih točkovni metodi nista zaznali. V nekaterih kolesnicah smo sicer lahko povezali in »kalibrirali« meritve s CCC s standardnimi točkovnimi meritvami, ne pa vseh. Domnevamo, da so dobljeni rezultati pri vseh meritvah posledica nehomogenih materialov, ki so se v nasip vgrajevali direktno iz izkopov in ne iz homogene deponije. Continuous compaction control (CCC) is a process, which allows simultaneous monitoring of layer responses during roller operation. The procedure is known for 40 years. The purpose of this thesis was to determine how dynamic CCC measurements, measured by CCC, respond to the different environmental impacts and how to compare them with standard quality control measurements. Research was carried out on embankments built in the framework of the construction of a reservoir for the Hydroelectric Power Plant Brežice. With the research carried out on the selected materials, it was not possible to carry out a uniform CCC calibration for the dynamic modulus of deformation (Evd) nor for measurements of density by the nuclear probe. It turned out, that the CCC system detects changes in the properties of the built-in layers, which bay used standard quality control methods cannot be detected. In some roller passes, we were able to correlate and "calibrate" CCC measurements with standard methods, but not in all. We assume that the lack of the correlations are the consequence of the inhomogeneity of the embankment materials originating directly from excavations and not from homogeneous stockpiles.

Zmogljivost obstoječe proge Divača – Prešnica – Koper v prihodnosti ne bo več zadoščala potrebam Luke Koper, zato je predvidena gradnja 2. tira Divača – Koper. Projekt vključuje tudi izgradnjo t.i. izvlečnega tira iz Luke, skupne dolžine 1,2 km. Ta poteka po nasipu na mehkih tleh. Med gradnjo se pogosto zgodi, da so geotehnične razmere drugačne od projektno predvidenih. Večina vzrokov za “geološko-geotehnična presenečenja” se skriva v kvaliteti in premajhnem obsegu geološko geotehničnih raziskav, da bi opisali celotno geološko sestavo tal ter v neustrezni interpretaciji rezultatov meritev. V magistrskem delu smo izvedli povratno geološko geotehnično analizo nasipa za izvlečni tir in reinterpretacijo podatkov terenskih meritev. Dobljene rezultate smo primerjali s podatki, ki jih navaja geološko-geotehnični elaborat. Vrednotili smo rezultate statičnega konusnega penetrometra, dilatometra in laboratorijskih preiskav ter ugotavljali skladnost interpretacije. Na podlagi primerjave velikosti posedkov in časa konsolidacije izdelanega računskega modela z izračuni v projektni dokumentaciji smo ocenili ali je bil projekt izveden varno, skladno z napovedmi in racionalno. Za analizo stanja nasipa po izgradnji smo vrednotili rezultate posedkov, ki so bili izmerjeni s horizontalnimi inklinometri. To increase the capacity of the railway Divača – Prešnica – Koper, which in the future will no longer satisfy the needs of Luka Koper, the construction of the 2nd railway track Divača – Koper is planned. The project includes the construction of a service track, with a total length of 1.2 km. Part of the track runs on the embankment, which is the subject of this master's thesis. Often happens that geotechnical conditions at the construction site are different from the projected ones. The main causes of “geological-geotechnical surprises” are the inadequate quantity and quality of geological geotechnical investigation and wrong interpretation of the results. In the thesis reverse geological geotechnical analysis of the embankment and reinterpretation of measurements was performed. The obtained results were compared with the data provided by the geological- geotechnical design. Based on the comparison of the cone penetration test, flat dilatometer test and laboratory test results, we found out in which case the individual test gives inadequate result. The settlements and consolidation time of the material model was compared with the data in the project documentation, to determine if the project was implemented safely, rationally and according to the prognosis. In order to analyze the embankment after the construction, we evaluate the settlements that were measured with horizontal inclinometers.

V diplomski nalogi so predstavljeni rezultati raziskav uporabe kemijskih dodatkov flokulantov in koagulantov za pospešitev usedanja in konsolidacije morskih sedimentov. Ugotavljali smo ali s kemijskimi dodatki lahko pospešimo usedanje trdnih delcev iz suspenzije in izboljšamo fizikalne lastnosti usedline, kot so vlažnost, suha gostota, nedrenirana strižna trdnost in deformabilnost. Osnovni material, ki smo ga uporabljali v preiskavah je suspenzija morske gline iz Luke Koper. Vanjo smo vmešavali eno vrsto koagulanta in dve vrsti flokulantov v različnih deležih. Raziskave smo razdelili v dve fazi. V prvi fazi smo opazovali odzive sedimenta na izbrani kemijski dodatek in ocenili učinkovitost dodatkov. V drugi fazi smo izbrane suspenzije in usedline podrobno raziskali z geomehanskimi raziskavami za določitev nedrenirane trdnosti, gostote, sposobnosti zgoščanja, deformabilnosti in prepustnosti. Dobljene rezultate smo primerjali z rezultati raziskav, opravljenimi na suspenzijah in usedlinah brez dodatkov. Thesis presents results of the investigation in which the influence of chemical additives to the sedimentation of marine clay was studied. We studied the influence of coagulants and flocculants to the sedimentation processes and the mechanical properties of sediments. The basic material used in the research was the suspension of the dredged marine sediment from the port of Koper. One type of organic coagulant and two types of organic flocculants were added to suspension in different proportions. The research was divided in two phases. In the first phase we determined the effectiveness and the optimal addition of chemicals. In the second phase we investigated the suspension behavior and the physical properties of sediments, like water content, bulk density, undrained shear strength, compressibility etc. At the end, we compare the results on treated and untreated materials.

Strižna trdnost je poleg deformabilnosti in hidravlične prevodnosti najpomembnejši mehanski parameter zemljin v gradbenih tleh. Je posledica trenja med zrni in medmolekularnih sil na površini zrn. Od strižne trdnosti so odvisni stabilnost naravnih pobočij in vkopov v pobočja, nosilnost temeljnih tal, izbor načina temeljenja, dovoljena hitrost gradnje nasipov, oblike in nakloni brežin nasipov, nosilnost globokih temeljev in drugo. V diplomski nalogi so predstavljene meritve drenirane strižne trdnosti na dveh materialih, ter na mešanicah obeh materialov v različnih razmerjih. Uporabljena materiala za poskuse sta bila pesek (Fuga sand 80), ter glina Reful, odvzeta v Luki Koper iz kasete, aprila 2013. Vse preiskave smo izvajali v direktnem strižnem aparatu. Vzorec zemljine vgrajen v strižni aparat smo najprej konsolidirali, nato pa strigli. Hitrosti striženja smo prilagodili lastnostim posameznega vzorca. Rezultate raziskav smo analizirali in na osnovi analize rezultatov določili vpliv deleža finih zrn na strižno trdnost peska. Shear strength is one of the most important mechanical parameter of soil in the construction ground. It is a consequence of a friction between grains and intermolecular forces on the particle surfaces. Shear strength influences the stability of natural slopes, bearing capacity of soil, type of foundation, embankment construction time, slope inclination of the embankment, bearing capacity of piles, etc. The diploma thesis presents measurements of the drained shear strength on two materials and on a mixture of both materials in different proportions. Used materals for the experiments were sand (Fuga sand 80) and natural clay Reful, taken in the Port of Koper from the temporary lagoons, on April 2013. All the tests were made in a direct shear apparatus. Specimens were consolidated first and then sheared at constant rate. The shear rate was calculated for each single specimen according to the standard demands. The results of the tests were analysed and on the basis of the analysis we defined the influence of the fine grains content on the shear strength of the sand.

Izvleček Pri hitrem obremenjevanju glinastih zemljin se zaradi majhne prepustnosti, voda ne izceja iz pornega prostora. Zato porušitev nastopi v pogojih t.i. nedreniranega stanja oziroma v pogojih totalnih napetosti. Za preiskovanje nedrenirane strižne trdnosti zemljin uporabljamo terenske in laboratorijske preiskave. V tej nalogi smo preiskovali nedrenirano trdnost morske gline - refula iz Luke Koper ter konvencionalnega bentonita z uporabo treh metod: krilne sonde, konusa in tlačne trdnosti. Rezultate smo primerjali in analizirali skladnost rezultatov ter prednosti in pomanjkljivosti uporabljenih metod. Abstract When pressure is applied to the saturated clay, the clay will not let the water out immediately due to low porousness. Thus the failure occurs in the so called undrained state. For measuring the undrained shear strength we use field and laboratory tests. In this graduation thesis we investigate the undrained strength of the dredged mud from the Port of Koper and bentonite by using three different methods: the vane shear probe, the cone penetrometer probe and the uniaxial compressive strength. We analyse and compare results, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used.