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1. Rayleigh Scattering of the Solar Radiation in the Terrestrial Atmosphere and Its Assessment in the Polar Regions

Author

Petkov, Boyan H., Kokhanovsky, Alexander, Series Editor, Henning, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Kattawar, George, Editorial Board Member, Perelman, Lev, Editorial Board Member, Stamnes, Knut, Editorial Board Member, Stephens, Graeme, Editorial Board Member, van Tiggelen, Bart, Editorial Board Member, and Tomasi, Claudio, Editorial Board Member

Published
2024
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3. Some considerations on the protection against the health hazards associated with solar ultraviolet radiation

Author

Petkov, Boyan H

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

The present report briefly reviews the basic features of the current strategy for the protection against the health harms caused by solar ultraviolet (UV, 295 - 400 nm). The emphasis has been made upon the erythema as being the best-studied UV harm and the ability of UV irradiance to damage the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules, which leads to carcinogenesis. The erythemally weighted UV irradiance that determines the ultraviolet index (UVI), represents a common measure of the solar UV radiation level at the Earth's surface and the current protective messages have been made by using UVI as a basic parameter. However, such an approach seems insufficiently grounded to be used also in the messages against the skin cancer, bearing in mind the different nature of the erythema and DNA lesions. In this context, an enlargement of the strategy basis by including additional biological effects of UV radiation studied during the past years has been discussed. For instance, the weight of the spectral UV-A (315 - 400 nm) band that in practice had been neglected by UVI definition can be enhanced since it was found to play an important role in DNA damaging. In addition, features of the contemporaneous life style can be taken into account together with some people habits., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020

4. Review of Environmental Monitoring by Means of Radio Waves in the Polar Regions: From Atmosphere to Geospace

Author

Alfonsi, Lucilla, Bergeot, Nicolas, Cilliers, Pierre J., De Franceschi, Giorgiana, Baddeley, Lisa, Correia, Emilia, Di Mauro, Domenico, Enell, Carl-Fredrik, Engebretson, Mark, Ghoddousi-Fard, Reza, Häggström, Ingemar, Ham, Young-bae, Heygster, Georg, Jee, Geonhwa, Kero, Antti, Kosch, Michael, Kwon, Hyuck-Jin, Lee, Changsup, Lotz, Stefan, Macotela, Liliana, Marcucci, Maria Federica, Miloch, Wojciech J., Morton, Y. Jade, Naoi, Takahiro, Negusini, Monia, Partamies, Noora, Petkov, Boyan H., Pottiaux, Eric, Prikryl, Paul, Shreedevi, P. R., Slapak, Rikard, Spogli, Luca, Stephenson, Judy, Triana-Gómez, Arantxa M., Troshichev, Oleg A., Van Malderen, Roeland, Weygand, James M., and Zou, Shasha

Published
2022
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5. Remote Sensing of Arctic Atmospheric Aerosols

Author

Kokhanovsky, Alexander, Tomasi, Claudio, Smirnov, Alexander, Herber, Andreas, Neuber, Roland, Ehrlich, André, Lupi, Angelo, Petkov, Boyan H., Mazzola, Mauro, Ritter, Christoph, Toledano, Carlos, Carlund, Thomas, Vitale, Vito, Holben, Brent, Zielinski, Tymon, Bélanger, Simon, Larouche, Pierre, Kinne, Stefan, Radionov, Vladimir, Wendisch, Manfred, Tackett, Jason L., Winker, David M., Ford, James, Series Editor, Kokhanovsky, Alexander, editor, and Tomasi, Claudio, editor

Published
2020
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10. Remote Sensing of Arctic Atmospheric Aerosols

Author

Kokhanovsky, Alexander, primary, Tomasi, Claudio, additional, Smirnov, Alexander, additional, Herber, Andreas, additional, Neuber, Roland, additional, Ehrlich, André, additional, Lupi, Angelo, additional, Petkov, Boyan H., additional, Mazzola, Mauro, additional, Ritter, Christoph, additional, Toledano, Carlos, additional, Carlund, Thomas, additional, Vitale, Vito, additional, Holben, Brent, additional, Zielinski, Tymon, additional, Bélanger, Simon, additional, Larouche, Pierre, additional, Kinne, Stefan, additional, Radionov, Vladimir, additional, Wendisch, Manfred, additional, Tackett, Jason L., additional, and Winker, David M., additional

Published
2020
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16. An Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Depletion Event During Spring 2020 and Its Impacts Across Europe

Author

Petkov, Boyan H., primary, Vitale, Vito, additional, Di Carlo, Piero, additional, Drofa, Oxana, additional, Mastrangelo, Daniele, additional, Smedley, Andrew R. D., additional, Diémoz, Henri, additional, Siani, Anna Maria, additional, Fountoulakis, Ilias, additional, Webb, Ann R., additional, Bais, Alkiviadis, additional, Kift, Richard, additional, Rimmer, John, additional, Casale, Giuseppe Rocco, additional, Hansen, Georg H., additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Pazmiño, Andrea, additional, Werner, Rolf, additional, Atanassov, Atanas M., additional, Láska, Kamil, additional, De Backer, Hugo, additional, Mangold, Alexander, additional, Köhler, Ulf, additional, Velazco, Voltaire A., additional, Stübi, René, additional, Solomatnikova, Anna, additional, Pavlova, Kseniya, additional, Sobolewski, Piotr S., additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Goutail, Florence, additional, Mišaga, Oliver, additional, Aruffo, Eleonora, additional, Metelka, Ladislav, additional, Tóth, Zoltán, additional, Fekete, Dénes, additional, Aculinin, Alexandr A., additional, Lupi, Angelo, additional, Mazzola, Mauro, additional, and Zardi, Federico, additional

Published
2023
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19. UV Index monitoring in Europe

Author

Schmalwieser, Alois W., Gröbner, Julian, Blumthaler, Mario, Klotz, Barbara, De Backer, Hugo, Bolsée, David, Werner, Rolf, Tomsic, Davor, Metelka, Ladislav, Eriksen, Paul, Jepsen, Nis, Aun, Margit, Heikkilä, Anu, Duprat, Thierry, Sandmann, Henner, Weiss, Tilman, Bais, Alkis, Toth, Zoltan, Siani, Anna-Maria, Vaccaro, Luisa, Diémoz, Henri, Grifoni, Daniele, Zipoli, Gaetano, Lorenzetto, Giuseppe, Petkov, Boyan H., di Sarra, Alcide Giorgio, Massen, Francis, Yousif, Charles, Aculinin, Alexandr A., den Outer, Peter, Svendby, Tove, Dahlback, Arne, Johnsen, Bjørn, Biszczuk-Jakubowska, Julita, Krzyscin, Janusz, Henriques, Diamantino, Chubarova, Natalia, Kolarž, Predrag, Mijatovic, Zoran, Groselj, Drago, Pribullova, Anna, Gonzales, Juan Ramon Moreta, Bilbao, Julia, Guerrero, José Manuel Vilaplana, Serrano, Antonio, Andersson, Sandra, Vuilleumier, Laurent, Webb, Ann, and O’Hagan, John

Published
2017
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20. Response of the ozone column over Europe to the 2011 Arctic ozone depletion event according to ground-based observations and assessment of the consequent variations in surface UV irradiance

Author

Petkov, Boyan H., Vitale, Vito, Tomasi, Claudio, Siani, Anna Maria, Seckmeyer, Gunther, Webb, Ann R., Smedley, Andrew R.D., Casale, Giuseppe Rocco, Werner, Rolf, Lanconelli, Christian, Mazzola, Mauro, Lupi, Angelo, Busetto, Maurizio, Diémoz, Henri, Goutail, Florence, Köhler, Ulf, Mendeva, Bogdana D., Josefsson, Weine, Moore, David, Bartolomé, María López, Moreta González, Juan Ramón, Mišaga, Oliver, Dahlback, Arne, Tóth, Zoltán, Varghese, Saji, De Backer, Hugo, Stübi, René, and Vaníček, Karel

Published
2014
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22. Review of Environmental Monitoring by Means of Radio Waves in the Polar Regions:From Atmosphere to Geospace

Author

Alfonsi, Lucilla, Bergeot, Nicolas, Cilliers, Pierre J., De Franceschi, Giorgiana, Baddeley, Lisa, Correia, Emilia, Di Mauro, Domenico, Enell, Carl-Fredrik, Engebretson, Mark, Ghoddousi-Fard, Reza, Häggström, Ingemar, Ham, Young-bae, Heygster, Georg, Jee, Geonhwa, Kero, Antti, Kosch, Michael, Kwon, Hyuck-Jin, Lee, Changsup, Lotz, Stefan, Macotela, Liliana, Marcucci, Maria Federica, Miloch, Wojciech J., Morton, Y. Jade, Naoi, Takahiro, Negusini, Monia, Partamies, Noora, Petkov, Boyan H., Pottiaux, Eric, Prikryl, Paul, Shreedevi, P. R., Slapak, Rikard, Spogli, Luca, Stephenson, Judy, Triana-Gómez, Arantxa M., Troshichev, Oleg A., Van Malderen, Roeland, Weygand, James M., Zou, Shasha, Alfonsi, Lucilla, Bergeot, Nicolas, Cilliers, Pierre J., De Franceschi, Giorgiana, Baddeley, Lisa, Correia, Emilia, Di Mauro, Domenico, Enell, Carl-Fredrik, Engebretson, Mark, Ghoddousi-Fard, Reza, Häggström, Ingemar, Ham, Young-bae, Heygster, Georg, Jee, Geonhwa, Kero, Antti, Kosch, Michael, Kwon, Hyuck-Jin, Lee, Changsup, Lotz, Stefan, Macotela, Liliana, Marcucci, Maria Federica, Miloch, Wojciech J., Morton, Y. Jade, Naoi, Takahiro, Negusini, Monia, Partamies, Noora, Petkov, Boyan H., Pottiaux, Eric, Prikryl, Paul, Shreedevi, P. R., Slapak, Rikard, Spogli, Luca, Stephenson, Judy, Triana-Gómez, Arantxa M., Troshichev, Oleg A., Van Malderen, Roeland, Weygand, James M., and Zou, Shasha

Abstract

The Antarctic and Arctic regions are Earth's open windows to outer space. They provide unique opportunities for investigating the troposphere–thermosphere–ionosphere–plasmasphere system at high latitudes, which is not as well understood as the mid- and low-latitude regions mainly due to the paucity of experimental observations. In addition, different neutral and ionised atmospheric layers at high latitudes are much more variable compared to lower latitudes, and their variability is due to mechanisms not yet fully understood. Fortunately, in this new millennium the observing infrastructure in Antarctica and the Arctic has been growing, thus providing scientists with new opportunities to advance our knowledge on the polar atmosphere and geospace. This review shows that it is of paramount importance to perform integrated, multi-disciplinary research, making use of long-term multi-instrument observations combined with ad hoc measurement campaigns to improve our capability of investigating atmospheric dynamics in the polar regions from the troposphere up to the plasmasphere, as well as the coupling between atmospheric layers. Starting from the state of the art of understanding the polar atmosphere, our survey outlines the roadmap for enhancing scientific investigation of its physical mechanisms and dynamics through the full exploitation of the available infrastructures for radio-based environmental monitoring.

Published
2022

24. Improved water vapour retrieval from AMSU-B and MHS in the Arctic

Author

Triana-Gómez, Arantxa M., Heygster, Georg, Melsheimer, Christian, Spreen, Gunnar, Negusini, Monia, Petkov, Boyan H., ITA, and DEU

Subjects
lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, lcsh:TA170-171, lcsh:Environmental engineering
Abstract

Monitoring of water vapour in the Arctic on long timescales is essential for predicting Arctic weather and understanding climate trends, as well as addressing its influence on the positive feedback loop contributing to Arctic amplification. However, this is challenged by the sparseness of in situ measurements and the problems that standard remote sensing retrieval methods for water vapour have in Arctic conditions. Here, we present advances in a retrieval algorithm for vertically integrated water vapour (total water vapour, TWV) in polar regions from data of satellite-based microwave humidity sounders: (1) in addition to AMSU-B (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B), we can now also use data from the successor instrument MHS (Microwave Humidity Sounder), and (2) artefacts caused by high cloud ice content in convective clouds are filtered out. Comparison to in situ measurements using GPS and radiosondes during 2008 and 2009, as well as to radiosondes during the N-ICE2015 campaign and to ERA5 reanalysis, show the overall good performance of the updated algorithm.

Published
2020

25. The extreme Arctic ozone depletion in 2020 as was observed from Svalbard (EXAODEP-2020)

Author

Petkov, Boyan H, Vitale, Vito, Di Carlo, Piero, Hansen, Georg H, Svendby, Tove M, Láska, Kamil, Sobolewski, Piotr S, Solomatnikova, Anna, Pavlova, Kseniya, Johnsen, Bjørn, Posyniak, Michal A, Elster, Josef, Mazzola, Mauro, Lupi, Angelo, and Verazzo, Giulio

Subjects
Arctic environment, Arctic ozone, extreme ozone depletions, solar UV irradiance in the Arctic
Abstract

This is chapter 4 of the State of Environmental Science in Svalbard (SESS) report 2021. Strong stratospheric ozone reductions during the spring months were first observed in Antarctica in the early 1980s. Follow-up ozone monitoring showed that such reductions occurred annually to a varying extent, mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. However, similar events were occasionally observed also in the Northern Hemisphere; these Arctic ozone reductions were especially pronounced in 1996, 1997, 2011 and 2020. Ozone distribution maps for March (Arctic spring) clearly show the strength of these episodes and how they contrast with the usual Arctic ozone behaviour. Comparison with the ozone distribution during the Antarctic spring (October) in the same years reveals that the extremely strong 2020 Arctic episode was comparable to the ozone depletion events in the Antarctic. According to current knowledge, these phenomena are triggered by the specific dynamics in the atmosphere over the polar regions in late winter and early spring when an extremely large vortex forms in the stratosphere and closes off a certain volume of the air from external impacts. That leads to a deep cooling and the formation of clouds in the low stratosphere. Heterogeneous chemical reactions taking place on the particles within these clouds form active chlorine species which destroy ozone. Usually, the Arctic polar vortex is much less intensive than the Antarctic one and is unable to create the conditions for a strong ozone reduction, which explains the differences between hemispheres. This report presents total ozone levels and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation during the 2020 episode as measured from Svalbard. The stratospheric ozone reduction in spring 2020 nearly doubled the amount of UV-B radiation that reached the ground. This could significantly stress organisms adapted to a certain level of UV-B irradiance.

Published
2022
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27. Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosol

Author

Kokhanovsky, Alexander A., primary, Tomasi, Claudio, additional, Petkov, Boyan H., additional, Lanconelli, Christian, additional, Busetto, Maurizio, additional, Mazzola, Mauro, additional, Lupi, Angelo, additional, and Lee, Kwon H., additional

Published
2016
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32. Seasonal Variations of the Relative Optical Air Mass Function for Background Aerosol and Thin Cirrus Clouds at Arctic and Antarctic Sites.

Author

Tomasi, Claudio, Petkov, Boyan H., Mazzola, Mauro, Ritter, Christoph, di Sarra, Alcide G., di Iorio, Tatiana, and del Guasta, Massimo

Subjects
*SEASONAL temperature variations, *LIDAR, *CIRRUS clouds, *ATMOSPHERIC aerosols, *SUSTAINABLE development
Abstract

New calculations of the relative optical air mass function are made over the 0°-87° range of apparent solar zenith angle ?, for various vertical profiles of background aerosol, diamond dust and thin cirrus cloud particle extinction coefficient in the Arctic and Antarctic atmospheres. The calculations were carried out by following the Tomasi and Petkov (2014) procedure, in which the above-mentioned vertical profiles derived from lidar observations were used as weighting functions. Different sets of lidar measurements were examined, recorded using: (i) the Koldewey-Aerosol-Raman Lidar (KARL) system (AWI, Germany) at Ny-Ålesund (Spitsbergen, Svalbard) in January, April, July and October 2013; (ii) the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite-based sensor over Barrow (Alaska), Eureka (Nunavut, Canada) and Sodankylä (northern Finland), and Neumayer III, Mario Zucchelli and Mirny coastal stations in Antarctica in the local summer months of the last two years; (iii) the National Institute of Optics (INO), National Council of Research (CNR) Antarctic lidar at Dome C on the Antarctic Plateau for a typical "diamond dust" case; and (iv) the KARL lidar at Ny-Ålesund and the University of Rome/National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) lidar at Thule (northwestern Greenland) for some cirrus cloud layers in the middle and upper troposphere. The relative optical air mass calculations are compared with those obtained by Tomasi and Petkov (2014) to define the seasonal changes produced by aerosol particles, diamond dust and cirrus clouds. The results indicate that the corresponding air mass functions generally decrease as angle θ increases with rates that are proportional to the increase in the pure aerosol, diamond dust and cirrus cloud particle optical thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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