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245 results on '"Petito, Carol K."'

24. HIV-1 proviral DNA load across neuroanatomic regions of individuals with evidence for HIV-1 associated dementia

Author

Fujimura, Robert K., Goodkin, Karl, Petito, Carol K., Douyon, Richard, Feaster, Daniel J., Concha, Mauricio, and Shapshak, Paul

Subjects
AIDS dementia -- Diagnosis, Viremia -- Measurement, Health
Abstract

The authors address the fact that there has been no relationship shown between HIV-1 load and HIV-1-associated dementia of HIV-1 encephalitis. Their attempts indicate more research will need to be done.

Published
1997

30. Herpes zoster myelitis

Author

Devinsky, Orrin, Cho, Eun-Sook, Petito, Carol K., and Price, Richard W.

Subjects
Shingles (Disease) -- Complications, Spinal cord -- Inflammation, Varicella-zoster virus, Health
Abstract

In children, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox, which generally resolves without complications. However, in some patients, particularly older patients, the virus may infect sensory neurons (nerve cells) in one or more of the sensory ganglia, which are clusters of nerve cell bodies lying outside the brain and spinal cord. There, the virus may remain latent for years. Reactivation of the virus can cause the painful rash herpes zoster, commonly called shingles, as well as more serious conditions such as sensory or motor loss in the area served by the nerves, or even encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). It is not common for herpes zoster to affect the spinal cord. Spinal cord inflammation (myelitis) is virtually nonexistent among patients with properly functioning immune systems, however among immunosuppressed patients, myelitis may occur in as many as 0.8 percent of the cases. In a series of 13 patients with herpes zoster myelitis, all had some condition which contributed to immunosuppression; nine were cancer patients, three had AIDS, and one had kidney failure. Nine patients died from their infection; in some cases the progression from the first neurological symptom to death was as rapid as one day. Examination of spinal cord specimens from the fatal cases revealed areas of demyelination (destruction of myelin) in six of nine cases. The myelin, which normally insulates fibers of the spinal cord, was degenerating in the region of the spinal cord where the nerve roots affected by VZV were entering. All nine patients had some abnormality in the posterior horn, which is the part of the grey matter within the spinal cord which is involved with sensory processes and hence is connected with the infected sensory nerves. In all cases, antibody staining techniques were able to identify actual viral infection of the spinal cord. However, the virus may affect the spinal cord in several ways, including inflammation of the meningeal sheath covering the cord. The virus may also begin the destruction of oligodendrocytes, which create and sustain the myelin sheaths; this process may be the result of direct infection or the result of immune destruction initiated by the infection. In some cases, damage to the spinal cord may also result when blood vessels become inflamed and subsequently rob areas of the cord of their normal and necessary blood supply. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

32. Suprasellar Monomorphous Pilomyxoid Gliomas

Author

Petito, Carol K.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Editorials, Astrocytoma, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ependymoma, Child, Preschool, Ependyma, Circle of Willis, Humans, Female, Sella Turcica, Hypothalamic Neoplasms, Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms, Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Abstract

We report five cases of tumors occurring in three children and in two adults. The tumors had unusual histomorphology and a mixture of ependymal and piloid-like astrocytic features and a myxoid stroma similar to myxopapillary ependymomas. MR imaging in three of the cases showed aggressive, intensely enhancing partially cystic hypothalamic-suprasellar masses near midline and near the floor of the third ventricle. In the three pediatric cases, the tumor encased the circle of Willis. This newly characterized tumor, the tanycytoma, has neoplastic cells with histomorphologic and ultrastructural characteristics similar to those of the tanycyte.

Published
2003

33. Proton MR Spectroscopy of Gliomatosis Cerebri: Case Report of Elevated Myoinositol with Normal Choline Levels

Author

Saraf-Lavi, Efrat, Bowen, Brian C., Pattany, Pradip M., Sklar, Evelyn M.L., Murdoch, James B., and Petito, Carol K.

Subjects
Brain
Abstract

Summary: A 69-year-old woman presented with clinical and imaging findings suspicious for gliomatosis cerebri, later confirmed by biopsy (moderately cellular, infiltrating glioma). Single voxel proton MR spectroscopy (TE 20 and TE 135) and spectroscopic imaging (TE 135) performed at admission showed normal choline, decreased N-acetyl, and elevated myo-inositol levels relative to creatine. The primary conclusion is that in suspected cases of gliomatosis cerebri, myo-inositol/creatine and myo-inositol/N-acetyl should be determined because they may provide evidence of tumor, even though choline/creatine is normal. A corollary to this conclusion is that choline/creatine may be misleading if used to demarcate infiltrating glioma from edema.

Published
2003

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