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This guide to making photography accessible to persons with exceptional educational needs contains several papers, a list of 27 organizational and bibliographic resources, a list of sources of adaptive equipment, and drawings of sample equipment modifications. Nine papers make up the text of the guide. In "An Adventure into Photography," Charles Peterson describes his photography work with disabled individuals and notes that the use of simple adaptations can bring photography within reach of all. "Photography and the Arts for Special Children's Program" (Eddee Daniel) discusses program goals, equipment, activities, and results from working with children with different disabilities. "Learning Experiences with Photography and Mentally Retarded Youth" (Sandy Siebens) presents two lesson plans on textures and emotions. "Focus on Photography: Donald Levine" (Susan Gagnon) and "Photographing to See: George Covington" (Mark Peterson) describe the work of a professional photographer with paraplegia and another who is legally blind. "Let Your Camera Do the Seeing" (George Covington) discusses camera functions and subject matter for legally blind individuals. "Project SNAP (Special Needs Adapted Photography)" (Vera Scalingi) describes Polaroid's efforts to make its products and services accessible to disabled persons. "Access to the Darkroom" (Mark Peterson) explores adaptation of darkroom processes to the needs of disabled individuals. "Special Applications of Photography: Skills Development" (Scalingi) addresses photography's uses as a learning and therapeutic tool. (JDD)

We examined Blacks' and Whites' perceptions of group variability and positivity as well as their beliefs about the extent to which multiculturalism and colorblindness would improve intergroup relations. In two studies, responses to questionnaires indicated that the tendency to endorse multiculturalism more than colorblindness was greater among Blacks than Whites; Blacks consistently endorsed multiculturalism more than colorblindness and Whites endorsed colorblindness more than did Blacks. Both studies also revealed evidence of out-group homogeneity and ethnocentrism. Stronger endorsement of multiculturalism relative to colorblindness predicted stronger stereotypes among Blacks, whereas stronger endorsement of colorblindness relative to multiculturalism predicted stronger stereotypes among Whites. In Study 2, stronger endorsement of multiculturalism relative to colorblindness predicted less ethnocentrism; this relationship did not depend on ethnicity.

The analysis of spatial processes and spatial heterogeneity is an important part of ecology because distribution of organisms in space partly defines ecology as a discipline. In addition, advances in analysis of DNA, geographical computing and the availability of vast amounts of environmental data obtained by satellites provide new opportunities for studying ecology at different spatial and phylogenetic scales. My research takes advantage of information gathered by satellites and adds modeling and data collected on the distribution of different reptiles to examine processes at various spatial and temporal scales. In Chapter 1 I describe how juvenile Galapagos tortoises change their patterns of distribution as they grow. These patterns relate to different levels of productivity of vegetation, but that relationship is only evident for older juveniles. In Chapter 2, I examine body sizes in different taxa of Galapagos tortoises from an evolutionary and ecological perspective. While body sizes of adults of different taxa of tortoises covary with primary productivity, I did not find any association between body size and phylogeny of these tortoise taxa. In Chapter 3 I develop and field-test a method for modeling the potential distribution of species. I focus on reptiles in New Mexico and describe a multivariate technique that allows comparison of the suitability of landscape for different species between different areas. Maps produced with this method can be used for planning inventory and monitoring of species at coarse spatial scales and can help in identifying conservation opportunities.