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The establishment of epibacterial communities is fundamental to seaweed health and fitness, in modulating ecological interactions and may also facilitate adaptation to new environments. Abiotic factors like salinity can determine bacterial abundance, growth and community composition. However, influence of salinity as a driver of epibacterial community composition (until species level) has not been investigated for seaweeds and especially under long time scales. We also do not know how abiotic stressors may influence the 'core' bacterial species of seaweeds. Following an initial (immediately after field collection) sampling of epibacterial community of an invasive red seaweed Agarophyton vermicullophylum , we conducted a long term mesocosm experiment for 5 months, to examine the influence of three different salinities (low, medium and high) at two different time points (3 months after start of experiment and 5 months, i.e., at the end of experiment) on the epibacterial community richness and composition of Agarophyton . Metagenomic sequencing showed that epibacterial communities changed significantly according to salinity and time points sampled. Epibacterial richness was significantly different between low and high salinities at both time points. Epibacterial richness also varied significantly between 3 months (after start of experiment) and 5 months (end of experiment) within low, medium and high salinity level. Irrespective of salinity levels and time points sampled 727 taxa consistently appeared in all Agarophyton samples hinting at the presence of core bacterial species on the surface of the alga. Our results indicate that both salinity and time can be major driving forces in structuring epibacterial communities of seaweeds with respect to richness and β-diversity. We highlight the necessity of conducting long term experiments allowing us to detect and understand epibacterial succession over time on seaweeds., (Copyright © 2020 Saha, Ferguson, Dove, Künzel, Meichssner, Neulinger, Petersen and Weinberger.)

Out-patient lumbar myelography was carried out on 74 consecutive patients, and adverse reactions were registered by the patients themselves. Twenty-four percent experienced moderate or severe headache; 62% experienced increasing back pain of a moderate or severe degree; 40% experienced increasing leg pain of a moderate or severe degree; 15% experienced nausea/general symptoms to a moderate or severe degree. Twenty-nine percent experienced the myelography as unpleasant in a moderate or severe degree. Fourty-seven percent had some kind of adverse reaction for > or = four days. Eleven patients (16%) were admitted to hospital because of severe adverse reactions, mostly headache, and nine of them were treated with a blood patch. Twenty-five percent were referred for operation for their back disease. Generally, out-patient lumbar myelography is well tolerated, but a large proportion of the patients experience temporary adverse reactions to a moderate or severe degree, perhaps in part because of immobilisation in connection with photographing procedures.

In a double-blind cross-over trial the clinical efficacy of ketoprofen (19.583 R.P., Orudis, Profenid N.D.), in comparison with that of indomethacin was investigated in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The two drugs were each given in a dosage of 150 mg daily for a period of 14 days. The clinical effects of ketoprofen and indomethacin were equal (p less than 0.90), but several side-effects appeared less often and to a milder degree during ketoprofen treatment. The study indicates that ketoprofen may prove to be a valuable drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.