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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with electrophysiological changes in the brain. Pre-clinical and early clinical trials have shown promising results for the possible therapy of AD with 40 Hz neurostimulation. The most notable findings used stroboscopic flicker, but this technique poses an inherent barrier for human applications due to its visible flickering and resulting high level of perceived discomfort. Therefore, alternative options should be investigated for entraining 40 Hz brain activity with light sources that appear less flickering. Previously, chromatic flicker based on red, green, and blue (RGB) have been studied in the context of brain-computer interfaces, but this is an incomplete representation of the colours in the visual spectrum. This study introduces a new kind of heterochromatic flicker based on spectral combinations of blue, cyan, green, lime, amber, and red (BCGLAR). These combinations are investigated by the steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) response from the flicker with an aim of optimising the choice of 40 Hz light stimulation with spectrally similar colour combinations in BCGLAR space. Thirty healthy young volunteers were stimulated with heterochromatic flicker in an electroencephalography experiment with randomised complete block design. Responses were quantified as the 40 Hz signal-to-noise ratio and analysed using mixed linear models. The size of the SSVEP response to heterochromatic flicker is dependent on colour combinations and influenced by both visual and non-visual effects. The amber-red flicker combination evoked the highest SSVEP, and combinations that included blue and/or red consistently evoked higher SSVEP than combinations only with mid-spectrum colours. Including a colour from either extreme of the visual spectrum (blue and/or red) in at least one of the dyadic phases appears to be more important than choosing pairs of colours that are far from each other on the visual spectrum. Spectrally adjacent colo

Introduction Research has provided novel insights into how light stimulates circadian rhythms through specialised retinal ganglion cells to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In addition, there has been a revolution in light-emitting diode (LED) technology, leading to tunable LED light sources and lighting systems, enabling 24-hour dynamic light scenarios with bright blue-enriched short wavelength light during the day and dim evening light, stimulating the circadian system. These dynamic LED lighting systems are now being implemented at hospitals without adequate understanding of how it may affect the health and well-being of patients and staff. Methods and analysis An optimised dynamic LED lighting scenario is investigated at a newly built psychiatric hospital in Copenhagen. In the 12 months baseline period, a standard lighting scenario with dynamic colour temperature and fixed light intensity is investigated. In the following 12-month intervention period, a new DEL scenario is investigated, having dynamic colour temperature as well as dynamic light intensity with a higher daytime and lower evening-time melanopic daylight equivalent illuminance. This setting is furthermore adjusted for geographical orientation to compensate for differences in sunlight access in wintertime. The study uses a quasiexperimental design comparing patients admitted in the two study periods. Prior to each of the study periods, daylight and the contribution from the LED-lighting scenarios was measured. Patient sociodemographic and mental health data will be retrieved retrospectively from electronic medical records and by questionnaires administered in the two periods, evaluating lighting, noise, sleep quality and quality of life. Primary outcome is the proportion of patients receiving pro re nata medications. Secondary outcomes are the length of stay, sleep onset latency, sleep quality and quality of life. Ethics and dissemination No ethical issues are expec, INTRODUCTION: Research has provided novel insights into how light stimulates circadian rhythms through specialised retinal ganglion cells to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In addition, there has been a revolution in light-emitting diode (LED) technology, leading to tunable LED light sources and lighting systems, enabling 24-hour dynamic light scenarios with bright blue-enriched short wavelength light during the day and dim evening light, stimulating the circadian system. These dynamic LED lighting systems are now being implemented at hospitals without adequate understanding of how it may affect the health and well-being of patients and staff. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: An optimised dynamic LED lighting scenario is investigated at a newly built psychiatric hospital in Copenhagen. In the 12 months baseline period, a standard lighting scenario with dynamic colour temperature and fixed light intensity is investigated. In the following 12-month intervention period, a new DEL scenario is investigated, having dynamic colour temperature as well as dynamic light intensity with a higher daytime and lower evening-time melanopic daylight equivalent illuminance. This setting is furthermore adjusted for geographical orientation to compensate for differences in sunlight access in wintertime. The study uses a quasiexperimental design comparing patients admitted in the two study periods. Prior to each of the study periods, daylight and the contribution from the LED-lighting scenarios was measured. Patient sociodemographic and mental health data will be retrieved retrospectively from electronic medical records and by questionnaires administered in the two periods, evaluating lighting, noise, sleep quality and quality of life. Primary outcome is the proportion of patients receiving pro re nata medications. Secondary outcomes are the length of stay, sleep onset latency, sleep quality and quality of life. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethical issues are expected. The results will be dissemin

Light-based gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli (GENUS) shows considerable potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in both animal and human models. While the clinical efficacy of GENUS for AD is paramount, its effectiveness will eventually also rely on the barrier to treatment adherence imposed by the discomfort of gazing at luminance flickering (LF) light. Currently, there have been few attempts to improve the comfort of GENUS. Here we investigate if Invisible spectral flicker (ISF), a novel type of light-based 40 Hz GENUS for which the flicker is almost imperceptible, can be used as a more comfortable option. We found that whereas ISF, LF, and chromatic flicker (CF) all produce a 40 Hz steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP), ISF scores significantly better on measures of comfort and perceived flicker. We also demonstrate that, while there is a trend towards a lower SSVEP response, reducing the stimulation brightness has no significant effect on the 40 Hz SSVEP or perceived flicker, though it significantly improves comfort. Finally, there is a slight decrease in the 40 Hz SSVEP response when stimulating with ISF from increasingly peripheral angles. This may ease the discomfort of GENUS treatment by freeing patients from gazing directly at the light.

The invention relates to an implant system for a patient, comprising an implant body adapted to be implanted in or on a body part of the patient, a disinfection portion comprising one or more depressions formed on an exterior surface of the disinfection portion, a plurality of light units, wherein each light unit comprises a light emitter and an electromagnetic coil arranged to power the light emitter when the electromagnetic coil is exposed to a magnetic flux and wherein the plurality of light units are at least partly contained within the one or more depressions.

Research has provided novel insights into how light stimulates circadian rhythms through specialised retinal ganglion cells to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In addition, there has been a revolution in light-emitting diode (LED) technology, leading to tunable LED light sources and lighting systems, enabling 24-hour dynamic light scenarios with bright blue-enriched short wavelength light during the day and dim evening light, stimulating the circadian system. These dynamic LED lighting systems are now being implemented at hospitals without adequate understanding of how it may affect the health and well-being of patients and staff. An optimised dynamic LED lighting scenario is investigated at a newly built psychiatric hospital in Copenhagen. In the 12 months baseline period, a standard lighting scenario with dynamic colour temperature and fixed light intensity is investigated. In the following 12-month intervention period, a new DEL scenario is investigated, having dynamic colour temperature as well as dynamic light intensity with a higher daytime and lower evening-time melanopic daylight equivalent illuminance. This setting is furthermore adjusted for geographical orientation to compensate for differences in sunlight access in wintertime. The study uses a quasiexperimental design comparing patients admitted in the two study periods. Prior to each of the study periods, daylight and the contribution from the LED-lighting scenarios was measured. Patient sociodemographic and mental health data will be retrieved retrospectively from electronic medical records and by questionnaires administered in the two periods, evaluating lighting, noise, sleep quality and quality of life. Primary outcome is the proportion of patients receiving pro re nata medications. Secondary outcomes are the length of stay, sleep onset latency, sleep quality and quality of life. No ethical issues are expected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed international journal, lectures, poste

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating condition that affects more than 300 million people worldwide. Current treatments are based on a trial-and-error approach, and reliable biomarkers are needed for more informed and personalized treatment solutions. One of the potential biomarkers, gamma-frequency (30–80 Hz) brainwaves, are hypothesized to originate from the excitatory-inhibitory interaction between the pyramidal cells and interneurons. The imbalance between this interaction is described as a crucial pathological mechanism in neuropsychiatric conditions, including MDD, and the modulation of this pathological interaction has been investigated as a potential target. Previous studies attempted to induce gamma activity in the brain using rhythmic light and sound stimuli (GENUS–Gamma Entrainment Using Sensory stimuli) that resulted in neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and animal models. Here, we investigate the antidepressant, cognitive, and electrophysiological effects of the novel light therapy approach using 40 Hz masked flickering light for patients diagnosed with MDD. Methods and design: Sixty patients with a current diagnosis of a major depressive episode will be enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The active treatment group will receive 40 Hz masked flickering light stimulation while the control group will receive continuous light matched in color temperature and brightness. Patients in both groups will get daily light treatment in their own homes and will attend four follow-up visits to assess the symptoms of depression, including depression severity measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17), cognitive function, quality of life and sleep, and electroencephalographic changes. The primary endpoint is the mean change from baseline to week 6 in depression severity (HAM-D6 subscale) between the groups.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of circadian lighting-induced melatonin suppression on patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders in hospital wards by using an ad-hoc metrology framework and the subsequent metrics formalized by the CIE in 2018. A measurement scheme was conducted in hospital ward rooms in the Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, at Roskilde in Denmark, to evaluate the photometric and colorimetric characteristics of the lighting system, as well as its influence on the circadian rhythm of the occupants. The measurement scheme included point measurements and data logging, using a spectrophotometer mounted on a tripod with adjustable height to assess the newly installed circadian lighting system. The measured spectra were uploaded to the Luox platform to calculate illuminance, CCT, MEDI, etc., in accordance with the CIE S026 standard. Furthermore, the MLIT based on MEDI data logging results was calculated. In addition to CIE S026, we have investigated the usefulness of melatonin suppression models for the assessment of circadian performance regarding measured light. From the results, the lighting conditions in the patient room for both minimal and abundant daylight access were evaluated and compared; we found that access to daylight is essential for both illumination and circadian entrainment. It can be concluded that the measurement scheme, together with the use of the Luox platform and Canva template, is suitable for the accurate and satisfactory measurement of integrative lighting that aligns with CIE requirements and recommendations.

The talk reviews how UV LEDs and visible LEDS in the future may be utilized in new medical applications. The first topic concerns how LED can be used to treat human infectious diseases. Antibiotics provide the most common treatment for a variety of human infectious diseases. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in bacterial resistance due to the overuse of antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the amount of antibiotics used in the treatment of infections, and UV LEDs may offer new solutions. The UV LED technology has developed significantly in recent years and it is now possible to use these light systems for a number of antibiotic applications. We discuss a synergy that exists between certain UV wavelengths and antibiotics, which helps to reduce the usage of antibiotics and increase the disinfection effect. The principle can be used to activate antibiotics in specific places in the human body where it may be used for the treatment of an infection. By using UV LEDs, antibiotics can be photoactivated so that even small amounts of antibiotics can lead to effective treatment of infectious diseases. We also discuss how visible LEDs can be used for new medical applications. It is well known that LEDs in the visible wavelength range can be used to control the human circadian rhythm and that this application has significant potential to improve the health of humans. However, it is less well known that visible LEDs also have the potential for the treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. We show that it is possible to temporal modulate and tailor the wavelength spectrum of the LED to activate brain waves. The human retina consists of five types of photoreceptors that influence how the brain is affected by light. We suggest using the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) based on melanopsin to modulate the neuron response and at the same time increase the metabolism in different parts of the brain. The techno

Access to safe drinking water is crucial for promoting human health and well-being. Contaminated drinking water represents a significant risk for waterborne infections. Water disinfection using Ultraviolet Light- Emitting Diodes (UV LEDs) is a new method to disinfect water effectively without adding chemicals to the water. Compared to mercury lamps, which are traditionally used for UV water disinfection, UV LEDs offer the advantage of a longer lifespan, compact devices that can be integrated into other systems, and customized wavelengths, which can be used to target different pathogens specifically. Furthermore, UV LEDs do not contain toxic mercury

Introduction: With no cure or effective treatment, the prevalence of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is expected to intensify, thereby increasing the social and financial burden on society. Light-based 40 Hz brain stimulation is considered a novel treatment strategy for patients with AD that may alleviate some of this burden. The clinical trial ALZLIGHT will utilize a novel Light Therapy System (LTS). The LTS uses Invisible Spectral Flicker for non-invasive induction of 40 Hz neural activity. This protocol describes a trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a light-based 40 Hz brain stimulation in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. Methods: 62 patients with mild-to-moderate AD will participate in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, and single-center trial. The participants will partake in an enrollment period of 1 month, an intervention period of 6 months, and a 1.5-month post-interventional follow-up period. Prior to the baseline measurement (week 0), the patients will be randomized to either active or placebo intervention from baseline (week 0) to post-intervention follow-up (week 26). Discussion: This protocol describes a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial that may increase the understanding of the effect of gamma oscillations in the human brain and how it could be utilized as a novel and important tool for the treatment of AD. The effect is measured through a large, multidisciplinary assessment battery. Clinical trial registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, (NCT05260177). Registered on March 2, 2022.

Background:Recent studies suggested induction of 40 Hz neural activity as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, prolonged exposure to flickering light raises adherence and safety concerns, encouraging investigation of tolerable light stimulation protocols. Objective:To investigate the safety, feasibility, and exploratory measures of efficacy. Methods:This two-stage randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded clinical trial, recruited first cognitive healthy participants (n = 3/2 active/placebo), and subsequently patients with mild-to-moderate AD (n = 5/6, active/placebo). Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either active intervention with 40 Hz Invisible Spectral Flicker (ISF) or placebo intervention with color and intensity matched non-flickering white light. Results:Few and mild adverse events were observed. Adherence was above 86.1% of intended treatment days, with participants remaining in front of the device for >51.3 min (60 max) and directed gaze >34.9 min. Secondary outcomes of cognition indicate a tendency towards improvement in the active group compared to placebo (mean: –2.6/1.5, SD: 6.58/6.53, active/placebo) at week 6. Changes in hippocampal and ventricular volume also showed no tendency of improvement in the active group at week 6 compared to placebo. At week 12, a potential delayed effect of the intervention was seen on the volume of the hippocampus in the active group compared to placebo (mean: 0.34/–2.03, SD: 3.26/1.18, active/placebo), and the ventricular volume active group (mean: –0.36/2.50, SD: 1.89/2.05, active/placebo), compared to placebo. Conclusion:Treatment with 40 Hz ISF offers no significant safety or adherence concerns. Potential impact on secondary outcomes must be tested in larger scale clinical trials., Background: Recent studies suggested induction of 40 Hz neural activity as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, prolonged exposure to flickering light raises adherence and safety concerns, encouraging investigation of tolerable light stimulation protocols. Objective: To investigate the safety, feasibility, and exploratory measures of efficacy. Methods: This two-stage randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded clinical trial, recruited first cognitive healthy participants (n = 3/2 active/placebo), and subsequently patients with mild-to-moderate AD (n = 5/6, active/placebo). Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either active intervention with 40 Hz Invisible Spectral Flicker (ISF) or placebo intervention with color and intensity matched non-flickering white light. Results: Few and mild adverse events were observed. Adherence was above 86.1% of intended treatment days, with participants remaining in front of the device for >51.3 min (60 max) and directed gaze >34.9 min. Secondary outcomes of cognition indicate a tendency towards improvement in the active group compared to placebo (mean: -2.6/1.5, SD: 6.58/6.53, active/placebo) at week 6. Changes in hippocampal and ventricular volume also showed no tendency of improvement in the active group at week 6 compared to placebo. At week 12, a potential delayed effect of the intervention was seen on the volume of the hippocampus in the active group compared to placebo (mean: 0.34/-2.03, SD: 3.26/1.18, active/placebo), and the ventricular volume active group (mean: -0.36/2.50, SD: 1.89/2.05, active/placebo), compared to placebo. Conclusion: Treatment with 40 Hz ISF offers no significant safety or adherence concerns. Potential impact on secondary outcomes must be tested in larger scale clinical trials.

Background: Exposure to 40 Hz stroboscopic light, for one hour a day, has previously been published as a potential treatment option for Alzheimer's disease in animal models. However, exposure for an hour a day to 40 Hz stroboscopic light can be strenuous and examining other types of 40 Hz inducing stimuli is paramount if chronic treatment is wanted. Objective: A core assumption behind ensuring a therapeutic outcome is that the visual stimuli can induce 40 Hz gamma entrainment. Here, we examine whether a specific visual stimulus, 40 Hz invisible spectral flicker (ISF), can induce gamma entrainment and how it differs from both continuous light (CON) and 40 Hz stroboscopic light (STROBE). Methods: The study included non-simultaneous EEG-fMRI neuroimaging of 13 young healthy volunteers during light exposure. Each light condition (i.e., CON, ISF, or STROBE) was active for 30 seconds followed immediately by the next. Results: Entrainment of 40 Hz neural activity were significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio during exposure to ISF (mean: 3.03, 95% CI 2.07 to 3.99) and STROBE (mean: 12.04, 95% CI 10.18 to 13.87) compared to CON. Additionally STROBE had a higher entrainment than ISF (mean: 9.01, 95% CI 7.16 to 12.14). Conclusion: This study presents a novel method of 40 Hz entrainment using ISF. This enables the possibility of future randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials with acceptable double blinding due to the essentially imperceivable flicker, which is expected to substantially reduce discomfort compared to interventions with stroboscopic flicker.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to an inspection system, in particular a mobile inspection system, for outdoor inspection of photovoltaic modules in situ, the inspection system comprising a movable detector unit and a processing unit; wherein the detector unit is configured to obtain, when positioned at a user‐controllable position spaced apart from a photovoltaic module of a photovoltaic power system, luminescence data from a light‐receiving surface of said photovoltaic module; the detector unit comprising: a light source, in particular a laser source, configured to emit an illumination beam; means for selectively directing the illumination beam onto respective portions of the light‐receiving surface so as, when the illumination beam is directed onto a first portion of the light‐receiving surface, to only illuminate the first portion while leaving a corresponding first remaining portion of the light‐receiving surface unilluminated by the illumination beam and, when the illumination beam is directed onto a second portion of the light‐receiving surface, to only illuminate the second portion while leaving a corresponding second remaining portion of the light‐ receiving surface unilluminated by the illumination beam; an imaging system configured to capture a plurality of images of the light‐receiving surface, the plurality of images including a first image captured while only the first portion is illuminated by the illumination beam and depicting at least a part of the first illuminated portion and at least a part of the unilluminated first remaining portion, the plurality of images further including a second image captured while only the second portion is illuminated by the illumination beam and depicting at least a part of the second illuminated portion and at least a part of the unilluminated second remaining portion; wherein the processing unit is configured to process the plurality of images to provide reconstructed image data indicative of lumines

Fouling control coatings (FCCs) are used to prevent the accumulation of marine biofouling on, e.g., ship hulls, which causes increased fuel consumption and the global spread of non-indigenous species. The standards for performance evaluations of FCCs rely on visual inspections, which induce a degree of subjectivity. The use of RGB images for objective evaluations has already received interest from several authors, but the limited acquired information restricts detailed analyses class-wise. This study demonstrates that hyperspectral imaging (HSI) expands the specificity of biofouling assessments of FCCs by capturing distinguishing spectral features. We developed a staring-type hyperspectral imager using a liquid crystal tunable filter as the wavelength selective element. A novel light-emitting diode illumination system with high and uniform irradiance was designed to compensate for the low-filter transmittance. A spectral library was created from reflectance-calibrated optical signatures of representative biofouling species and coated panels. We trained a neural network on the annotated library to assign a class to each pixel. The model was evaluated on an artificially generated target, and global accuracy of 95% was estimated. The classifier was tested on coated panels (exposed at the CoaST Maritime Test Centre) with visible intergrown biofouling. The segmentation results were used to determine the coverage percentage per class. Although a detailed taxonomic description might be complex due to spectral similarities among groups, these results demonstrate the feasibility of HSI for repeatable and quantifiable biofouling detection on coated surfaces.

Sol: D-vitamin er essentielt for knogler og immunforsvar. Det har indlydelse på pattegrises tilvækst og søers reproduktion, antal levendefødte og på fødselsvægten.

Since few foods are naturally rich in vitamin D, novel food products with a high content of vitamin D are needed to decrease the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Pork cracklings are Danish snacks with high contents of protein and fat. They are consumed mostly during wintertime when sun exposure cannot fulfil human needs for vitamin D3. Pork cracklings were produced in an industrially friendly manner from UVB LED illuminated pork rind, using a combination of sous vide (85 °C, 60 min) and roasting in the oven (200 °C, 20 min). Thermal processing resulted in a significant loss of vitamin D3 (>90%). Thus, the process was optimized by the UVB exposure of pork cracklings, i.e., after thermal processing. The produced pork cracklings had a vitamin D3 level of ~10 µg/100 g, with a possibility of tailoring its final content. Furthermore, the fat content at 15–20% was a reduction of 50% compared to marketed products in 2021. No significant difference was found in the content of vitamin D3 during 31 days of storage in the air. A consumer preference test (n = 53) indicated that >80% of participants liked the product and saw its potential as a new food source of vitamin D3.

Projektet udvikler og etablerer en fuldskala drejbar 1: 1 mockup af en patient sengestue på det kom-mende Ny Bispebjerg Psykiatri Hospital (NBP). Igennem registreringer og analyser af dagslys og tempera-turer og naturlig ventilation i sengestuen, søger projektet at afdække, hvordan naturlige forskelle, forår-saget af den geografiske orientering og udendørs døgnvariationer påvirker indeklimaet, med henblik på, at skabe en balance mellem på den en side dagslys og behov for dynamisk LED-belysning og på den anden side kravet om aktiv og passiv køling ved hjælp af mekanisk og naturlig ventilation. Analysen ser i den for-bindelse også på de potentielle sundhedsmæssige aspekter af dagslys og frisk luft og foreslår en ny stra-tegi for dynamisk kunstig belysning og dynamisk ventilation, kaldet Geographical Orientation Compensa-ted Architectural Planning, GOCAP. En strategi, som inddeler dagen i henholdsvis et morgenscenarie og et aftenscenarie, med henblik på, at reducere bygningens samlede energiforbrug. Rapporten afdækker i den forbindelse indeklimaet og dagslysforholdene baseret på to hovedparametre: 1) Den geografiske orientering (N, S, Ø og V) 2) Årstiden (sommer og vinter)., Projektet udvikler og etablerer en fuldskala drejbar 1:1 mockup af en patient sengestue på det kommende Ny Bispebjerg Hospital. Igennem registreringer af dagslys og temperaturer i patient sengestuen, søger projektet, at afdække de naturlige forskelle og begrænsninger, forårsaget af den geografiske orientering og undersøge de udendørs døgnvariationer og deres indvirkning på indeklimaet, med henblik på, at skabe en balance mellem på den ene side dagslys og behov for dynamisk LED-belysning og på den anden side kravet om aktiv og passiv køling ved hjælp af mekanisk og naturlig ventilation. Analysen ser i den forbindelse også på de potentielle sundhedsmæssige aspekter af dagslys og frisk luft og foreslår en ny strategi for dynamisk kunstig belysning og dynamisk mekanisk ventilation, kaldet Geographical Orientation Compensated Architectural Planning, GOCAP. En strategi, som inddeler dagen i henholdsvis en morgenperiode og et aftenperiode, med henblik på, at reducere bygningens samlede energiforbrug. Rapporten analyserer i den forbindelsemuligheden for, at udnytte naturligt lys og naturlig ventilation, baseret på to hovedparametre.

The use of controlled temporal modulated light increased in prominence since the LEDs invention, e.g., in computer monitors and light therapy devices. The benefits of using LEDs compared to old incandescent light bulbs range from environmental load to the precise control of the spectral properties and the ability to accurately control the temporal modulation of the light. The nature of LEDs also allows LED lamps to be switched on and off faster than ordinary incandescent light bulbs. The driver frequency of most LEDs (~25 kHz) is so high that the modulation of firing rates of the retinal neurons cannot time dissolve the flicker at this frequency. But in some cases, the function of the LED is to provide temporal modulation at frequencies much lower, in the range of 24-48 Hz. Knowing the Critical Flicker-Fusion Frequency (CFF), the frequency at which temporally modulated light becomes steady, is therefore important. Potential treatments of Alzheimer’s disease are currently being examined in humans using both stroboscopic and invisible spectral flickering light, using a 40 Hz temporal modulation. Ultimately, the CFF dependency on color, luminance, viewing angle and background lighting needs to be taken into account when designing and developing 40 Hz light sources for potential therapeutic use within the field of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we present a potential benefit of using the staircase method with a 2-alternative forced choice to determine the CFF. Specifically, we show a portable experimental setup that may be used directly to optimize light therapy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease.