Search

Your search keyword '"Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701]"' showing total 11 results
Start Over Author "Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701]"
11 results on '"Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701]"'

1. Update of the risk assessment of mineral oil hydrocarbons in food

Author

European Food Safety Authority, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Goldbeck, Christophe [0000-0003-1539-464X], Gómez-Ruiz, José Ángel [0000-0001-9386-6185], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Alexander, Jan, Goldbeck, Christophe, Grob, Konrad, Gómez-Ruiz, José Ángel, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, Binaglia, Marco, Chipman, James Kevin, European Food Safety Authority, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Goldbeck, Christophe [0000-0003-1539-464X], Gómez-Ruiz, José Ángel [0000-0001-9386-6185], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Alexander, Jan, Goldbeck, Christophe, Grob, Konrad, Gómez-Ruiz, José Ángel, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, Binaglia, Marco, and Chipman, James Kevin

Abstract

Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) are composed of saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). Due to the complexity of the MOH composition, their complete chemical characterisation is not possible. MOSH accumulation is observed in various tissues, with species-specific differences. Formation of liver epithelioid lipogranulomas and inflammation, as well as increased liver and spleen weights, are observed in Fischer 344 (F344) rats, but not in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. These effects are related to specific accumulation of wax components in the liver of F344 rats, which is not observed in SD rats or humans. The CONTAM Panel concluded that F344 rats are not an appropriate model for effects of MOSH with wax components. A NOAEL of 236 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, corresponding to the highest tested dose in F344 rats of a white mineral oil product virtually free of wax components, was selected as relevant reference point (RP). The highest dietary exposure to MOSH was estimated for the young population, with lower bound–upper bound (LB–UB) means and 95th percentiles of 0.085–0.126 and 0.157–0.212 mg/kg bw per day, respectively.Considering a margin of exposure approach, the Panel concluded that the present dietary exposure to MOSH does not raise concern for human health for all age classes. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity are associated with MOAH with three or more aromatic rings. For this subfraction, a surrogate RP of 0.49 mg/kg bw per day, calculated from data on eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was considered. The highest dietary exposure to MOAH was also in the young population, with LB–UB mean and 95th percentile estimations of 0.003–0.031 and 0.011–0.059 mg/kg bw per day,respectively. Based on two scenarios on three or more ring MOAH contents in the diet and lacking toxicological information on effects of 1 and 2 ring MOAH, a possible concern for human health was raised.

Published
2023

2. Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food

Author

European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Benford, Diane [0000-0002-7113-639X], Ioannidou, Sofia 0000-0001-6375-3243], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Fürst, Peter, Rose, Martin, Ioannidou, Sofia, Nikolic, Marina, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Vleminckx, Christiane, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Benford, Diane [0000-0002-7113-639X], Ioannidou, Sofia 0000-0001-6375-3243], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Fürst, Peter, Rose, Martin, Ioannidou, Sofia, Nikolic, Marina, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, and Vleminckx, Christiane

Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers a-, b- and c-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 lg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern.An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.

Published
2021

3. Assessment of an application on a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation

Author

Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Christodoulidou, Anna [0000-0003-1799-7153], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, Kevin James, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, Metzler, Manfred, Christodoulidou, Anna, Hogstrand, Christer, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Christodoulidou, Anna [0000-0003-1799-7153], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, Kevin James, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, Metzler, Manfred, Christodoulidou, Anna, and Hogstrand, Christer

Abstract

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) provided a scientific opinion on an application for a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation. Specifically, it is required that the feed decontamination process is compliant with the acceptability criteria specified in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The CONTAM Panel assessed the data provided by the feed business operator with respect to the efficacy of the process to remove the contaminant from groundnut press cake batches and on information demonstrating that the process does not adversely affect the characteristics and the nature of the product. Although according to the literature the process may be able to reduce aflatoxin levels below the legal limits, the Panel concluded that the proposed decontamination process, on the basis of the experimental data submitted by the feed business operator, cannot be confirmed for compliance with the acceptability criteria provided for in Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The Panel recommended sufficient sample testing before and after the process, under the selected conditions, to ensure that the process is reproducible and reliable and to demonstrate that the detoxification is not reversible. In addition, genotoxicity testing of extracts of the treated feedingstuff and of the identified degradation products would be necessary. Finally, information on the transfer rate of AFB1 to AFM1 excretion in milk for animals fed the ammoniated product, in comparison to the starting material and on the ammoniation process changes of the nutritional values of the feed material should be provided.

Published
2021

4. Evaluation of the shucking of certain species of scallops contaminated with domoic acid with a view to the production of edible parts meeting the safety requirements foreseen in the Union legislation

Author

European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Gago Martínez, Ana [0000-0001-5178-2338], Gerssen, Arjen [0000-0003-4271-1516], Tubaro, Aurelia [0000-0003-2773-2589], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Cortiñas Abrahantes, José [0000-0002-4805-9429], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Chipman, Kevin James, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Steinkellner, Hans, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Gago Martínez, Ana [0000-0001-5178-2338], Gerssen, Arjen [0000-0003-4271-1516], Tubaro, Aurelia [0000-0003-2773-2589], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Cortiñas Abrahantes, José [0000-0002-4805-9429], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Chipman, Kevin James, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Steinkellner, Hans, and Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron)

Abstract

EFSA was asked by the European Commission to provide information on the levels of domoic acid (DA) in whole scallops that would ensure that levels in edible parts are below the regulatory limit after shucking. This should include five species of scallops. In addition, EFSA was asked to recommend the number of scallops to be used in an analytical sample. To address these questions, EFSA received suitable data on DA for only one scallop species, Pecten maximus, i.e. data on pooled samples of edible and non-edible parts. A large part of the concentration levels was above the limit of quantification (LOQ) and only these data were used for the assessment. Shucking in most cases resulted in a strong decrease in the toxin levels. Statistical analysis of the data showed that levels in whole scallops should not exceed 24 mg DA/kg, 59 mg DA/kg and 127 mg DA/kg to ensure that levels in, respectively, gonads, muscle and muscle plus gonads are below the regulatory limit of 20 mg DA/kg with 99% certainty. Such an analysis was not possible for the other scallop species. In the absence of data from member states, published data of variations between scallops were used to calculate the sample size to ensure a 95% correct prediction on whether the level in scallops in an area or lot is correctly predicted to be compliant/non-compliant. It was shown that 10 scallops per sample would be sufficient to predict with 95% certainty if DA levels in the area/lot were twofold below or above the regulatory limit for the highest reported coefficient of variance (CV) of 1.06. To predict with 95% certainty for levels between 15 and 27 mg DA/kg, a pooled sample of more than 30 scallops would have to be tested.

Published
2021

5. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Author

European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Barregard, Lars [0000-0002-4662-0841], Ceccatelli, Sandra [0000-0002-9367-8480], Cravedi, Jean-Pierre [0000-0001-9247-7567], Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi [0000-0002-3488-0777], Haug,Line Smastuen [0000-0001-6746-6399], Knutsen,Helle Katrine [0000-0003-2041-8917], Roudot, Alain-Claude [0000-0001-5948-5813], Loveren, Henk van [0000-0002-1805-6198], Mackay, Karen [0000-0002-0626-2904], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregard, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug,Line Smastuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen,Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Loveren, Henk van, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, Schwerdtle, Tanja, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Barregard, Lars [0000-0002-4662-0841], Ceccatelli, Sandra [0000-0002-9367-8480], Cravedi, Jean-Pierre [0000-0001-9247-7567], Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi [0000-0002-3488-0777], Haug,Line Smastuen [0000-0001-6746-6399], Knutsen,Helle Katrine [0000-0003-2041-8917], Roudot, Alain-Claude [0000-0001-5948-5813], Loveren, Henk van [0000-0002-1805-6198], Mackay, Karen [0000-0002-0626-2904], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregard, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug,Line Smastuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen,Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Loveren, Henk van, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, and Schwerdtle, Tanja

Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and ‘other children’ showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. ‘Fish meat’, ‘Fruit and fruit products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL10 of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of the four PFASs in serum was identified for 1-year-old children.Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/mL in children was estimated to correspond to longterm maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI,which is of concern.

Published
2020

6. Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato-derived products

Author

European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Brimer, Leon, Cottrill, Bruce, Dusemund, Birgit, Mulder, Patrick, Vollmer, Günter, Binaglia, Marco, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Riolo, Francesca, Roldan-Torres, Ruth, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Brimer, Leon, Cottrill, Bruce, Dusemund, Birgit, Mulder, Patrick, Vollmer, Günter, Binaglia, Marco, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Riolo, Francesca, and Roldan-Torres, Ruth

Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of glycoalkaloids (GAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment covers edible parts of potato plants and other food plants containing GAs, in particular, tomato and aubergine. In humans, acute toxic effects of potato GAs (a-solanine and a-chaconine) include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. For these effects, the CONTAM Panel identified a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level of 1 mg total potato GAs/kg body weight (bw) per day as a reference point for the risk characterisation following acute exposure. In humans, no evidence of health problems associated with repeated or long-term intake of GAs via potatoes has been identified. No reference point for chronic exposure could be identified from the experimental animal studies. Occurrence data were available only for a-solanine and a-chaconine, mostly for potatoes. The acute dietary exposure to potato GAs was estimated using a probabilistic approach and applying processing factors for food. Due to the limited data available, a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. The MOEs for the younger age groups indicate a health concern for the food consumption surveys with the highest mean exposure, as well as for the P95 exposure in all surveys.For adult age groups, the MOEs indicate a health concern only for the food consumption surveys with the highest P95 exposures. For tomato and aubergine GAs, the risk to human health could not be characterised due to the lack of occurrence data and the limited toxicity data. For horses, farm and companion animals, no risk characterisation for potato GAs could be performed due to insufficient data on occurrence in feed and on potential adverse effects of GAs in these species.

Published
2020

7. Evaluation of the shucking of certain species of scallops contaminated with domoic acid with a view to the production of edible parts meeting the safety requirements foreseen in the Union legislation

Author

EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Chipman, Kevin James, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Steinkellner, Hans, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Gago Martínez, Ana [0000-0001-5178-2338], Gerssen, Arjen [0000-0003-4271-1516], Tubaro, Aurelia [0000-0003-2773-2589], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Cortiñas Abrahantes, José [0000-0002-4805-9429], and Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328]

Subjects
scallops, Pooled Sample, Project- en Accountmanagement, Veterinary (miscellaneous), BU Contaminanten & Toxines, Team Toxicology, TP1-1185, Plant Science, Scallops, Microbiology, Domoic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, BU Contaminants & Toxins, Animal science, Pecten maximus, TX341-641, Statistical analysis, Food8822, VLAG, biology, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Shucking, Sample size, Chemical technology, Member states, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, sample size, Team Natural Toxins, shucking, Scientific Opinion, chemistry, Sample size determination, Scallop, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Food Science
Abstract

57 p.-12 fig.-6 tab., EFSA was asked by the European Commission to provide information on the levels of domoic acid (DA) in whole scallops that would ensure that levels in edible parts are below the regulatory limit after shucking. This should include five species of scallops. In addition, EFSA was asked to recommend the number of scallops to be used in an analytical sample. To address these questions, EFSA received suitable data on DA for only one scallop species, Pecten maximus, i.e. data on pooled samples of edible and non-edible parts. A large part of the concentration levels was above the limit of quantification (LOQ) and only these data were used for the assessment. Shucking in most cases resulted in a strong decrease in the toxin levels. Statistical analysis of the data showed that levels in whole scallops should not exceed 24 mg DA/kg, 59 mg DA/kg and 127 mg DA/kg to ensure that levels in, respectively, gonads, muscle and muscle plus gonads are below the regulatory limit of 20 mg DA/kg with 99% certainty. Such an analysis was not possible for the other scallop species. In the absence of data from member states, published data of variations between scallops were used to calculate the sample size to ensure a 95% correct prediction on whether the level in scallops in an area or lot is correctly predicted to be compliant/non-compliant. It was shown that 10 scallops per sample would be sufficient to predict with 95% certainty if DA levels in the area/lot were twofold below or above the regulatory limit for the highest reported coefficient of variance (CV) of 1.06. To predict with 95% certainty for levels between 15 and 27 mg DA/kg, a pooled sample of more than 30 scallops would have to be tested.

Published
2021

8. Assessment of an application on a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation

Author

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, Kevin James, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, Metzler, Manfred, Christodoulidou, Anna, Hogstrand, Christer, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Christodoulidou, Anna [0000-0003-1799-7153], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Christodoulidou, Anna, and Hogstrand, Christer

Subjects
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, decontamination process, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Chemical technology, aflatoxin, groundnut press cake, Decontamination process, Team Toxicology, Plant Science, TP1-1185, Microbiology, Groundnut press cake, Scientific Opinion, ammoniation, Aflatoxin, Life Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, TX341-641, Ammoniation, Food Science, VLAG
Abstract

12 p.-2 fig.-2 tab., Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) provided a scientific opinion on an application for a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation. Specifically, it is required that the feed decontamination process is compliant with the acceptability criteria specified in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The CONTAM Panel assessed the data provided by the feed business operator with respect to the efficacy of the process to remove the contaminant from groundnut press cake batches and on information demonstrating that the process does not adversely affect the characteristics and the nature of the product. Although according to the literature the process may be able to reduce aflatoxin levels below the legal limits, the Panel concluded that the proposed decontamination process, on the basis of the experimental data submitted by the feed business operator, cannot be confirmed for compliance with the acceptability criteria provided for in Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The Panel recommended sufficient sample testing before and after the process, under the selected conditions, to ensure that the process is reproducible and reliable and to demonstrate that the detoxification is not reversible. In addition, genotoxicity testing of extracts of the treated feedingstuff and of the identified degradation products would be necessary. Finally, information on the transfer rate of AFB1 to AFM1 excretion in milk for animals fed the ammoniated product, in comparison to the starting material and on the ammoniation process changes of the nutritional values of the feed material should be provided., The Panel wishes to thank Federico Cruciani and Carina Wenger for the support provided to this scientific output, and the hearing expert Professor Dr Wayne L Bryden, for the overview on aflatoxin inactivation by ammoniation.

Published
2021

9. Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food

Author

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Fürst, Peter, Rose, Martin, Ioannidou, Sofia, Nikolic, Marina, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Vleminckx, Christiane, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Benford, Diane [0000-0002-7113-639X], Ioannidou, Sofia 0000-0001-6375-3243], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Benford, Diane, and Vleminckx, Christiane

Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Team Toxicology, human exposure, TP1-1185, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, occurrence, Body weight, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 0403 veterinary science, Occurrence, Age groups, Environmental health, Medicine, TX341-641, hexabromocyclododecanes, VLAG, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Risk assessment, Hexabromocyclododecanes, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, business.industry, Dietary exposure, food, Chemical technology, HBCDDs, risk assessment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, European population, Human exposure, Lowest-observed-adverse-effect level, Scientific Opinion, Food, Toxicity, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Livestock, business, toxicology, Food Science
Abstract

130 p.-4 fig.-23 tab.-Appendix A-D (118-129), The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers a-, b- and c-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 lg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern.An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.

Published
2021

10. Evaluation of the shucking of certain species of scallops contaminated with lipophilic toxins with a view to the production of edible parts meeting the safety requirements foreseen in the Union legislation

Author

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Dieter Schrenk, Margherita Bignami, Laurent Bodin, Jesús del Mazo, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp, Christer Hogstrand, Kevin James Chipman, Jean‐Charles Leblanc, Carlo Stefano Nebbia, Elsa Nielsen, Evangelia Ntzani, Annette Petersen, Salomon Sand, Tanja Schwerdtle, Christiane Vleminckx, Heather Wallace, Ana Gago Martinez, Arjen Gerssen, Aurelia Tubaro, Claudia Cascio, José Cortiñas Abrahantes, Hans Steinkellner, Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Schrenk, D., Bignami, M., Bodin, L., del Mazo, J., Grasl-Kraupp, B., Hogstrand, C., Chipman, K. J., Leblanc, J. -C., Nebbia, C. S., Nielsen, E., Ntzani, E., Petersen, A., Sand, S., Schwerdtle, T., Vleminckx, C., Wallace, H., Martinez, A. G., Gerssen, A., Tubaro, A., Cascio, C., Abrahantes, J. C., Steinkellner, H., Hoogenboom, L., Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Gago Martínez, Ana [0000-0001-5178-2338], Gerssen, Arjen [0000-0003-4271-1516], Tubaro, Aurelia [0000-0003-2773-2589], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Cortiñas Abrahantes, José [0000-0002-4805-9429], and Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328]

Subjects
scallops, Project- en Accountmanagement, 040301 veterinary sciences, Veterinary (miscellaneous), BU Contaminanten & Toxines, lipophilic marine biotoxin, Team Toxicology, TP1-1185, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, yessotoxins, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 0403 veterinary science, BU Contaminants & Toxins, okadaic acid, TX341-641, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, VLAG, azaspiracids, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Chemical technology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Team Natural Toxins, azaspiracid, shucking, scallop, Scientific Opinion, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, lipophilic marine biotoxins, Food Science
Abstract

66 p.-22 fig.-18 tab-Appendix A-B (45-65), EFSA was asked by the European Commission to provide information on levels of lipophilic shellfish toxins in whole scallops that would ensure levels in edible parts below the regulatory limits after shucking, i.e. removal of non‐edible parts. This should include the okadaic acid (OA), the azaspiracid (AZA) and the yessotoxin (YTX) groups, and five species of scallops. In addition, EFSA was asked to recommend the number of scallops in an analytical sample. To address these questions, EFSA received suitable data on the three toxin groups in two scallop species, Aequipecten opercularis and Pecten maximus, i.e. data on individual and pooled samples of edible and non‐edible parts from contamination incidents. The majority of the concentration levels were below limit of quantification (LOQ)/limit of detection (LOD), especially in adductor muscle but also in gonads. Shucking in most cases resulted in a strong decrease in the toxin levels. For Pecten maximus, statistical analysis showed that levels in whole scallops should not exceed 256 μg OA eq/kg or 217 μg AZA1 eq/kg to ensure that levels in gonads are below the regulatory limits of 160 μg OA or AZA1 eq/kg with 99% certainty. Such an analysis was not possible for yessotoxins or any toxin in Aequipecten opercularis and an assessment could only be based on upper bound levels. To ensure a 95% correct prediction on whether the level in scallops in an area or lot is correctly predicted to be compliant/non‐compliant, it was shown that 10 scallops per sample would be sufficient to predict with 95% certainty if levels of OA‐group toxins in the area/lot were 25% below or above the regulatory limit. However, to predict with a 95% certainty for levels between 140 and 180 μg OA eq/kg, a pooled sample of more than 30 scallops would have to be tested.

Published
2021

11. Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato-derived products

Author

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Dieter Schrenk, Margherita Bignami, Laurent Bodin, James Kevin Chipman, Jesús del Mazo, Christer Hogstrand, Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom, Jean‐Charles Leblanc, Carlo Stefano Nebbia, Elsa Nielsen, Evangelia Ntzani, Annette Petersen, Salomon Sand, Tanja Schwerdtle, Christiane Vleminckx, Heather Wallace, Leon Brimer, Bruce Cottrill, Birgit Dusemund, Patrick Mulder, Günter Vollmer, Marco Binaglia, Luisa Ramos Bordajandi, Francesca Riolo, Ruth Roldán‐Torres, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], and Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531]

Subjects
Chronic exposure, Younger age, margin of exposure (MOE), Novel Foods & Agrochains, Solanine, BU Toxicologie, 040301 veterinary sciences, Veterinary (miscellaneous), BU Contaminanten & Toxines, Plant Science, TP1-1185, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Novel Foods & Agroketens, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, solanine, 0403 veterinary science, Toxicology, Health problems, chemistry.chemical_compound, BU Contaminants & Toxins, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, TX341-641, BU Toxicology, Novel Foods & Agrochains, Adverse effect, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, VLAG, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Chemical technology, food, BU Toxicology, feed, food and beverages, glycoalkaloids (GAs), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, chaconine, Scientific Opinion, chemistry, BU Toxicologie, Novel Foods & Agroketens, Acute exposure, potato, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Chaconine, Risk assessment, Food Science
Abstract

190 p.-8 fig.-47 tab.-7 appendix tab., The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of glycoalkaloids (GAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment covers edible parts of potato plants and other food plants containing GAs, in particular, tomato and aubergine. In humans, acute toxic effects of potato GAs (a-solanine and a-chaconine) include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. For these effects, the CONTAM Panel identified a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level of 1 mg total potato GAs/kg body weight (bw) per day as a reference point for the risk characterisation following acute exposure. In humans, no evidence of health problems associated with repeated or long-term intake of GAs via potatoes has been identified. No reference point for chronic exposure could be identified from the experimental animal studies. Occurrence data were available only for a-solanine and a-chaconine, mostly for potatoes. The acute dietary exposure to potato GAs was estimated using a probabilistic approach and applying processing factors for food. Due to the limited data available, a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. The MOEs for the younger age groups indicate a health concern for the food consumption surveys with the highest mean exposure, as well as for the P95 exposure in all surveys.For adult age groups, the MOEs indicate a health concern only for the food consumption surveys with the highest P95 exposures. For tomato and aubergine GAs, the risk to human health could not be characterised due to the lack of occurrence data and the limited toxicity data. For horses, farm and companion animals, no risk characterisation for potato GAs could be performed due to insufficient data on occurrence in feed and on potential adverse effects of GAs in these species.

Published
2020

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results