579 results on '"Petersen, Annette"'
Search Results
2. Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food.
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregård, Lars, Benford, Diane, Dogliotti, Eugenia, and Francesconi, Kevin
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CACODYLIC acid ,BLADDER ,AGE groups ,NUTRITION surveys ,FISHERY processing - Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a risk assessment on small organoarsenic species in food. For monomethylarsonic acid MMA(V), decreased body weight resulting from diarrhoea in rats was identified as the critical endpoint and a BMDL10 of 18.2 mg MMA(V)/kg body weight (bw) per day (equivalent to 9.7 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as a reference point (RP). For dimethylarsinic acid DMA(V), increased incidence in urinary bladder tumours in rats was identified as the critical endpoint. A BMDL10 of 1.1 mg DMA(V)/kg bw per day (equivalent to 0.6 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as an RP. For other small organoarsenic species, the toxicological data are insufficient to identify critical effects and RPs, and they could not be included in the risk assessment. For both MMA(V) and DMA(V), the toxicological database is incomplete and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied for risk characterisation. The highest chronic dietary exposure to DMA(V) was estimated in 'Toddlers', with rice and fish meat as the main contributors across population groups. For MMA(V), the highest chronic dietary exposures were estimated for high consumers of fish meat and processed/preserved fish in 'Infants' and 'Elderly' age class, respectively. For MMA(V), an MOE of ≥ 500 was identified not to raise a health concern. For MMA(V), all MOEs were well above 500 for average and high consumers and thus do not raise a health concern. For DMA(V), an MOE of 10,000 was identified as of low health concern as it is genotoxic and carcinogenic, although the mechanisms of genotoxicity and its role in carcinogenicity of DMA(V) are not fully elucidated. For DMA(V), MOEs were below 10,000 in many cases across dietary surveys and age groups, in particular for some 95th percentile exposures. The Panel considers that this would raise a health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Update of the scientific opinion on tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives in food.
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Hart, Andy, Schroeder, Henri, and Rose, Martin
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DAIRY products ,RISK assessment ,CARCINOGENICITY ,BODY weight ,NEUROTOXICOLOGY - Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and five derivatives in food. Neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity were considered as the critical effects of TBBPA in rodent studies. The available evidence indicates that the carcinogenicity of TBBPA occurs via non‐genotoxic mechanisms. Taking into account the new data, the CONTAM Panel considered it appropriate to set a tolerable daily intake (TDI). Based on decreased interest in social interaction in male mice, a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.2 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day was identified and selected as the reference point for the risk characterisation. Applying the default uncertainty factor of 100 for inter‐ and intraspecies variability, and a factor of 3 to extrapolate from the LOAEL to NOAEL, a TDI for TBBPA of 0.7 μg/kg bw per day was established. Around 2100 analytical results for TBBPA in food were used to estimate dietary exposure for the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to TBBPA were fish and seafood, meat and meat products and milk and dairy products. The exposure estimates to TBBPA were all below the TDI, including those estimated for breastfed and formula‐fed infants. Accounting for the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the CONTAM Panel concluded with 90%–95% certainty that the current dietary exposure to TBBPA does not raise a health concern for any of the population groups considered. There were insufficient data on the toxicity of any of the TBBPA derivatives to derive reference points, or to allow a comparison with TBBPA that would support assignment to an assessment group for the purposes of combined risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Localized alopecia and suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in dogs following treatment with difluprednate 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion (Durezol®)
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Quantz, Katelin, Anderson, Amanda L., Harman, Christine D., Noland, Erica L., Del Valle, Jacquelyn M., Occelli, Laurence M., Burn, Jessica B., Petersen-Jones, Simon M., Langlois, Daniel K., Pirie, Chris G., Petersen, Annette D., and Komáromy, András M.
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- 2021
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5. Update of the risk assessment of mineral oil hydrocarbons in food
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European Food Safety Authority, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Goldbeck, Christophe [0000-0003-1539-464X], Gómez-Ruiz, José Ángel [0000-0001-9386-6185], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Alexander, Jan, Goldbeck, Christophe, Grob, Konrad, Gómez-Ruiz, José Ángel, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, Binaglia, Marco, Chipman, James Kevin, European Food Safety Authority, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Goldbeck, Christophe [0000-0003-1539-464X], Gómez-Ruiz, José Ángel [0000-0001-9386-6185], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Alexander, Jan, Goldbeck, Christophe, Grob, Konrad, Gómez-Ruiz, José Ángel, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, Binaglia, Marco, and Chipman, James Kevin
- Abstract
Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) are composed of saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). Due to the complexity of the MOH composition, their complete chemical characterisation is not possible. MOSH accumulation is observed in various tissues, with species-specific differences. Formation of liver epithelioid lipogranulomas and inflammation, as well as increased liver and spleen weights, are observed in Fischer 344 (F344) rats, but not in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. These effects are related to specific accumulation of wax components in the liver of F344 rats, which is not observed in SD rats or humans. The CONTAM Panel concluded that F344 rats are not an appropriate model for effects of MOSH with wax components. A NOAEL of 236 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, corresponding to the highest tested dose in F344 rats of a white mineral oil product virtually free of wax components, was selected as relevant reference point (RP). The highest dietary exposure to MOSH was estimated for the young population, with lower bound–upper bound (LB–UB) means and 95th percentiles of 0.085–0.126 and 0.157–0.212 mg/kg bw per day, respectively.Considering a margin of exposure approach, the Panel concluded that the present dietary exposure to MOSH does not raise concern for human health for all age classes. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity are associated with MOAH with three or more aromatic rings. For this subfraction, a surrogate RP of 0.49 mg/kg bw per day, calculated from data on eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was considered. The highest dietary exposure to MOAH was also in the young population, with LB–UB mean and 95th percentile estimations of 0.003–0.031 and 0.011–0.059 mg/kg bw per day,respectively. Based on two scenarios on three or more ring MOAH contents in the diet and lacking toxicological information on effects of 1 and 2 ring MOAH, a possible concern for human health was raised.
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- 2023
6. De novo production of benzyl glucosinolate in Escherichia coli
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Petersen, Annette, Crocoll, Christoph, and Halkier, Barbara Ann
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- 2019
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7. A pragmatic approach for human risk assessment of chemical mixtures
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Boberg, Julie, Dybdahl, Marianne, Petersen, Annette, Hass, Ulla, Svingen, Terje, and Vinggaard, Anne Marie
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- 2019
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8. Risks for animal and human health related to the presence of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in feed and food.
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Falandysz, Jerzy, Hart, Andrew, Rose, Martin, and Anastassiadou, Maria
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POLYCHLORINATED naphthalenes ,ANIMAL health ,BREAST milk ,PLATELET count ,NUTRITION surveys - Abstract
EFSA was asked for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in feed and food. The assessment focused on hexaCNs due to very limited data on other PCN congeners. For hexaCNs in feed, 217 analytical results were used to estimate dietary exposures for food‐producing and non‐food‐producing animals; however, a risk characterisation could not be performed because none of the toxicological studies allowed identification of reference points. The oral repeated dose toxicity studies performed in rats with a hexaCN mixture containing all 10 hexaCNs indicated that the critical target was the haematological system. A BMDL20 of 0.05 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day was identified for a considerable decrease in the platelet count. For hexaCNs in food, 2317 analytical results were used to estimate dietary exposures across dietary surveys and age groups. The highest exposure ranged from 0.91 to 29.8 pg/kg bw per day in general population and from 220 to 559 pg/kg bw per day for breast‐fed infants with the highest consumption of breast milk. Applying a margin of exposure (MOE) approach, the estimated MOEs for the high dietary exposures ranged from 1,700,000 to 55,000,000 for the general population and from 90,000 to 230,000 for breast‐fed infants with the highest consumption of breast milk. These MOEs are far above the minimum MOE of 2000 that does not raise a health concern. Taking account of the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded with at least 99% certainty that dietary exposure to hexaCNs does not raise a health concern for any of the population groups considered. Due to major limitations in the available data, no assessment was possible for genotoxic effects or for health risks of PCNs other than hexaCNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Guidance for the assessment of detoxification processes in feed.
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesus, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, and Metzler, Manfred
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ANIMAL products ,ANIMAL feeds ,RISK assessment - Abstract
This statement provides scientific guidance on the information needed to support the risk assessment of the detoxification processes applied to products intended for animal feed in line with the acceptability criteria of the Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Risks for animal health related to the presence of ergot alkaloids in feed.
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gropp, Jürgen, Mulder, Patrick, Oswald, Isabelle P., and Woutersen, Ruud
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SWINE farms ,ERGOT alkaloids ,ANIMAL health ,FOOD of animal origin ,HENS ,MILK yield - Abstract
The European Commission requested EFSA to provide an update of the 2012 Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) on the risks for animal health related to the presence of ergot alkaloids (EAs) in feed. EAs are produced by several fungi of the Claviceps and Epichloë genera. This Opinion focussed on the 14 EAs produced by C. purpurea (ergocristine, ergotamine, ergocornine, α‐ and β‐ergocryptine, ergometrine, ergosine and their corresponding 'inine' epimers). Effects observed with EAs from C. africana (mainly dihydroergosine) and Epichloë (ergovaline/−inine) were also evaluated. There is limited information on toxicokinetics in food and non‐food producing animals. However, transfer from feed to food of animal origin is negligible. The major effects of EAs are related to vasoconstriction and are exaggerated during extreme temperatures. In addition, EAs cause a decrease in prolactin, resulting in a reduced milk production. Based on the sum of the EAs, the Panel considered the following as Reference Points (RPs) in complete feed for adverse animal health effects: for pigs and piglets 0.6 mg/kg, for chickens for fattening and hens 2.1 and 3.7 mg/kg, respectively, for ducks 0.2 mg/kg, bovines 0.1 mg/kg and sheep 0.3 mg/kg. A total of 19,023 analytical results on EAs (only from C. purpurea) in feed materials and compound feeds were available for the exposure assessment (1580 samples). Dietary exposure was assessed using two feeding scenarios (model diets and compound feeds). Risk characterisation was done for the animals for which an RP could be identified. The CONTAM Panel considers that, based on exposure from model diets, the presence of EAs in feed raises a health concern in piglets, pigs for fattening, sows and bovines, while for chickens for fattening, laying hens, ducks, ovines and caprines, the health concern related to EAs in feed is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food.
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Fürst, Peter, Hart, Andy, and Rose, Martin
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POLYBROMINATED diphenyl ethers ,RISK assessment ,BODY burden ,ANIMAL sexual behavior ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANIMAL industry - Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE‐28, ‐47, ‐49, ‐99, ‐100, ‐138, ‐153, ‐154, ‐183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE‐47, ‐99, ‐153, ‐209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint‐specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Update of the risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in food.
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregård, Lars, Benford, Diane, Broberg, Karin, and Dogliotti, Eugenia
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ARSENIC ,RISK assessment ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,SKIN cancer ,DRINKING water - Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2009 risk assessment on arsenic in food carrying out a hazard assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and using the revised exposure assessment issued by EFSA in 2021. Epidemiological studies show that the chronic intake of iAs via diet and/or drinking water is associated with increased risk of several adverse outcomes including cancers of the skin, bladder and lung. The CONTAM Panel used the benchmark dose lower confidence limit based on a benchmark response (BMR) of 5% (relative increase of the background incidence after adjustment for confounders, BMDL05) of 0.06 μg iAs/kg bw per day obtained from a study on skin cancer as a Reference Point (RP). Inorganic As is a genotoxic carcinogen with additional epigenetic effects and the CONTAM Panel applied a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the risk characterisation. In adults, the MOEs are low (range between 2 and 0.4 for mean consumers and between 0.9 and 0.2 at the 95th percentile exposure, respectively) and as such raise a health concern despite the uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Levels of Pesticides in Food and Food Safety Aspects
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Granby, Kit, primary, Petersen, Annette, additional, Herrmann, Susan Strange, additional, and Poulsen, Mette Erecius, additional
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- 2019
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14. Assessment of the processing conditions which make the Ambrosia seeds non-viable
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Christodoulidou, Anna, Hogstrand, Christer, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Christodoulidou, Anna, and Hogstrand, Christer
- Abstract
The European Commission requested EFSA to provide an assessment of the processing conditions which make Ambrosia seeds non-viable in feed materials and compound feed. This assessment also includes information on a reliable procedure to verify the non-viability of the seeds. Ambrosia seeds are known contaminants in feed with maximum levels set in the Directive 2002/32/EC. The manufacturing processes and processing conditions applied to the feed may affect the viability of the Ambrosia seeds. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel compared these conditions with conditions that have been shown to be sufficient to render Ambrosia seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded with a certainty of 99–100% that solvent extraction and toasting of oilseed meals at temperatures of 120°C with steam injection for 10 min or more will make Ambrosia seeds non-viable. Since milling/grinding feed materials for compound feed of piglets, aquatic species and non-food producing animals would not allow particles of sizes ≥1 mm (the minimum size of viable Ambrosia seeds) passing the grinding process it was considered very likely (with ≥ 90% certainty) that these feeds will not contain viable Ambrosia seeds. In poultry, pig, and possibly cattle feed, particle sizes are ≥ 1 mm and therefore Ambrosia seeds could likely (66–90% certainty) survive the grinding process. Starch and gluten either from corn or wheat wet milling would not contain Ambrosia seeds with 99–100% certainty. Finally, ensiling fresh forages contaminated with A. artemisiifolia seeds for more than 3 months is very likely to render all seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded that a combination of the germination test and a subsequent triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride (TTC) test will very likely (with ≥ 90% certainty) verify the non-viability of Ambrosia seeds. The Panel recommends that data on the presence of viable Ambrosia seeds before and after the different feed production processes should be generated.
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- 2023
15. Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of deoxynivalenol for horses and poultry
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, del Mazo, James Kevin Chipman Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Dänicke, Sven, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Rovesti, Elena, Steinkellner, Hans, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, del Mazo, James Kevin Chipman Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Dänicke, Sven, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Rovesti, Elena, Steinkellner, Hans, and Hoogenboom, Laurentius
- Abstract
In 2017, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed. No observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) and lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) were derived for different animal species. For horses, an NOAEL of 36 mg DON/kg feed was established, the highest concentration tested and not showing adverse effects. For poultry, an NOAEL of 5 mg DON/kg feed for broiler chickens and laying hens, and an NOAEL of 7 mg DON/kg feed for ducks and turkeys was derived. The European Commission requested EFSA to review the information regarding the toxicity of DON for horses and poultry and to revise, if necessary, the established reference points (RPs). Adverse effect levels of 1.9 and 1.7 mg DON/kg feed for, respectively, broiler chickens and turkeys were derived from reassessment of existing studies and newly available literature, showing that DON causes effects on the intestines, in particular the jejunum, with a decreased villus height but also histological damage. An RP for adverse animal health effects of 0.6 mg/kg feed for broiler chickens and turkeys, respectively, was established. For horses, an adverse effect level of 5.6 mg DON/kg feed was established from studies showing reduced feed intake, with an RP for adverse animal health effects of 3.5 mg/kg feed. For ducks and laying hens, RPs remain unchanged. Based on mean and P95 (UB) exposure estimates performed in the previous Opinion, the risk of adverse health effects of feeds containing DON was considered a potential concern for broiler chickens and turkeys. For horses, the risk for adverse health effects from feed containing DON is low.
- Published
- 2023
16. Risks for animal health related to the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feed
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gropp, Jürgen, Antonissen, Gunther, Rychen, Guido, Gómez Ruiz, José Ángel, Innocenti, Matteo Lorenzo, Rovesti, Elena, Petersen, Annette, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gropp, Jürgen, Antonissen, Gunther, Rychen, Guido, Gómez Ruiz, José Ángel, Innocenti, Matteo Lorenzo, Rovesti, Elena, and Petersen, Annette
- Abstract
In 2004, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks to animal health and transfer from feed to food of animal origin related to the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feed. The European Commission requested EFSA to assess newly available scientific information and to update the 2004 Scientific Opinion. OTA is produced by several fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. In most animal species it is rapidly and extensively absorbed in the gastro-intestinal tract, binds strongly to plasma albumins and is mainly detoxified to ochratoxin alpha (OTalpha) by ruminal microbiota. In pigs, OTA has been found mainly in liver and kidney. Transfer of OTA from feed to milk in ruminants and donkeys as well as to eggs from poultry is confirmed but low. Overall, OTA impairs function and structure of kidneys and liver, causes immunosuppression and affects the zootechnical performance (e.g. body weight gain, feed/gain ratio, etc.), with monogastric species being more susceptible than ruminants because of limited detoxification to OTalpha. The CONTAM Panel considered as reference point (RP) for adverse animal health effects: for pigs and rabbits 0.01 mg OTA/kg feed, for chickens for fattening and hens 0.03 mg OTA/kg feed. A total of 9,184 analytical results on OTA in feed, expressed in dry matter, were available. Dietary exposure was assessed using different scenarios based on either model diets or compound feed (complete feed or complementary feed plus forage). Risk characterisation was made for the animals for which an RP could be identified. The CONTAM Panel considers that the risk related to OTA in feed for adverse health effects for pigs, chickens for fattening, hens and rabbits is low.
- Published
- 2023
17. Update of the risk assessment of mineral oil hydrocarbons in food
- Author
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Alexander, Jan, Goldbeck, Christophe, Grob, Konrad, Gómez Ruiz, Jose Ángel, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, Binaglia, Marco, Chipman, James Kevin, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Alexander, Jan, Goldbeck, Christophe, Grob, Konrad, Gómez Ruiz, Jose Ángel, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, Binaglia, Marco, and Chipman, James Kevin
- Abstract
Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) are composed of saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). Due to the complexity of the MOH composition, their complete chemical characterisation is not possible. MOSH accumulation is observed in various tissues, with species-specific differences. Formation of liver epithelioid lipogranulomas and inflammation, as well as increased liver and spleen weights, are observed in Fischer 344 (F344) rats, but not in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. These effects are related to specific accumulation of wax components in the liver of F344 rats, which is not observed in SD rats or humans. The CONTAM Panel concluded that F344 rats are not an appropriate model for effects of MOSH with wax components. A NOAEL of 236 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, corresponding to the highest tested dose in F344 rats of a white mineral oil product virtually free of wax components, was selected as relevant reference point (RP). The highest dietary exposure to MOSH was estimated for the young population, with lower bound–upper bound (LB–UB) means and 95th percentiles of 0.085–0.126 and 0.157–0.212 mg/kg bw per day, respectively. Considering a margin of exposure approach, the Panel concluded that the present dietary exposure to MOSH does not raise concern for human health for all age classes. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity are associated with MOAH with three or more aromatic rings. For this subfraction, a surrogate RP of 0.49 mg/kg bw per day, calculated from data on eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was considered. The highest dietary exposure to MOAH was also in the young population, with LB–UB mean and 95th percentile estimations of 0.003–0.031 and 0.011–0.059 mg/kg bw per day, respectively. Based on two scenarios on three or more ring MOAH contents in the diet and lacking toxicological information on effects of 1 and 2 ring MOAH, a possible concern for human health was raised.
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- 2023
18. EFSA Opinion Update of risks for animal health related to the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feed: Annexes on Occurrence data in feed submitted to EFSA
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gropp, Jürgen, Antonissen, Gunther, Rychen, Guido, Gómez Ruiz, José Ángel, Innocenti, Matteo Lorenzo, Rovesti, Elena, Petersen, Annette, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gropp, Jürgen, Antonissen, Gunther, Rychen, Guido, Gómez Ruiz, José Ángel, Innocenti, Matteo Lorenzo, Rovesti, Elena, and Petersen, Annette
- Abstract
Annexes to EFSA's Update Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of OTA in feed. Annex B includes the occurrence data in feed extracted from EFSA Data Warehouse for the period from 2012 to 2021. Annex C contains the occurrence data expressed in dry matter following analysis and cleansing of the dataset as detailed in EFSA's Opinion. Annex D lists the samples of 'Compound feed' and other feed materials except forage expressed in whole weight. The number of samples across some of the feed categories differ among the two annex C and D because in few cases the moisture content was not reported (and no assumption on the moisture could be done), precluding the conversion of the analytical results to either whole weight or dry matter., Annexes to EFSA's Update Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of OTA in feed. Annex B includes the occurrence data in feed extracted from EFSA Data Warehouse for the period from 2012 to 2021. Annex C contains the occurrence data expressed in dry matter following analysis and cleansing of the dataset as detailed in EFSA's Opinion. Annex D lists the samples of 'Compound feed' and other feed materials except forage expressed in whole weight. The number of samples across some of the feed categories differ among the two annex C and D because in few cases the moisture content was not reported (and no assumption on the moisture could be done), precluding the conversion of the analytical results to either whole weight or dry matter.
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- 2023
19. Occurrence data on N-nitrosamines provided to EFSA
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Romualdo, Benigni, Cristina, Fortes, Stephen, Hecht, Iammarino, Marco, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, Riolo, Francesca, Christodoulidou, Anna, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Romualdo, Benigni, Cristina, Fortes, Stephen, Hecht, Iammarino, Marco, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, Riolo, Francesca, Christodoulidou, Anna, and Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina
- Abstract
The file contains the raw occurrence dataset on nitrosamines in food as extracted from EFSA DWH on 3 July 2021 and presented in the EFSA opinion on Risk assessment of N-nitrosamines in food available at https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7884. The data is provided in csv format. This dataset is compliant with EFSA SSD2 data model and contains two additional columns documenting issues identified in the cleaning process (column: issue) and the action taken (column: action) to address the issue (e.g. delete record or update values in specific fields). The link to the catalogues of controlled terminologies for the updated textual description of fields values can be found under "Related identifiers”., The file contains the raw occurrence dataset on nitrosamines in food as extracted from EFSA DWH on 3 July 2021 and presented in the EFSA opinion on Risk assessment of N-nitrosamines in food available at https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7884. The data is provided in csv format. This dataset is compliant with EFSA SSD2 data model and contains two additional columns documenting issues identified in the cleaning process (column: issue) and the action taken (column: action) to address the issue (e.g. delete record or update values in specific fields). The link to the catalogues of controlled terminologies for the updated textual description of fields values can be found under "Related identifiers”.
- Published
- 2023
20. Cumulative dietary exposure of the population of Denmark to pesticides
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Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, Petersen, Annette, Nielsen, Elsa, Christensen, Tue, Poulsen, Mette Erecius, and Andersen, Jens Hinge
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Evaluation of the shucking of certain species of scallops contaminated with domoic acid with a view to the production of edible parts meeting the safety requirements foreseen in the Union legislation
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EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Chipman, Kevin James, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Steinkellner, Hans, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Gago Martínez, Ana [0000-0001-5178-2338], Gerssen, Arjen [0000-0003-4271-1516], Tubaro, Aurelia [0000-0003-2773-2589], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Cortiñas Abrahantes, José [0000-0002-4805-9429], and Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328]
- Subjects
scallops ,Pooled Sample ,Project- en Accountmanagement ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,BU Contaminanten & Toxines ,Team Toxicology ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,Scallops ,Microbiology ,Domoic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,BU Contaminants & Toxins ,Animal science ,Pecten maximus ,TX341-641 ,Statistical analysis ,Food8822 ,VLAG ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Shucking ,Sample size ,Chemical technology ,Member states ,Contamination ,biology.organism_classification ,sample size ,Team Natural Toxins ,shucking ,Scientific Opinion ,chemistry ,Sample size determination ,Scallop ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Food Science - Abstract
57 p.-12 fig.-6 tab., EFSA was asked by the European Commission to provide information on the levels of domoic acid (DA) in whole scallops that would ensure that levels in edible parts are below the regulatory limit after shucking. This should include five species of scallops. In addition, EFSA was asked to recommend the number of scallops to be used in an analytical sample. To address these questions, EFSA received suitable data on DA for only one scallop species, Pecten maximus, i.e. data on pooled samples of edible and non-edible parts. A large part of the concentration levels was above the limit of quantification (LOQ) and only these data were used for the assessment. Shucking in most cases resulted in a strong decrease in the toxin levels. Statistical analysis of the data showed that levels in whole scallops should not exceed 24 mg DA/kg, 59 mg DA/kg and 127 mg DA/kg to ensure that levels in, respectively, gonads, muscle and muscle plus gonads are below the regulatory limit of 20 mg DA/kg with 99% certainty. Such an analysis was not possible for the other scallop species. In the absence of data from member states, published data of variations between scallops were used to calculate the sample size to ensure a 95% correct prediction on whether the level in scallops in an area or lot is correctly predicted to be compliant/non-compliant. It was shown that 10 scallops per sample would be sufficient to predict with 95% certainty if DA levels in the area/lot were twofold below or above the regulatory limit for the highest reported coefficient of variance (CV) of 1.06. To predict with 95% certainty for levels between 15 and 27 mg DA/kg, a pooled sample of more than 30 scallops would have to be tested.
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- 2021
22. Decontamination process for dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs from fish oil and vegetable oils and fats by a physical process with activated carbon
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesus, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, Metzler, Manfred, Christodoulidou, Anna, and Hogstrand, Christer
- Subjects
physical filtration ,decontamination process ,vegetable oil and fat ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Team Toxicology ,Plant Science ,fish oil ,Microbiology ,PCDD/Fs ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,PCBs ,VLAG ,Food Science - Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) assessed a decontamination process of fish oils and vegetable oils and fats to reduce the concentrations of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, abbreviated together as PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) by adsorption to activated carbon. All feed decontamination processes must comply with the acceptability criteria specified in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786. Data provided by the feed food business operator (FBO) were assessed for the efficacy of the process and to demonstrate that the process did not adversely affect the characteristics and properties of the product. The limited information provided, in particular on the analysis of the samples before and after decontamination, did not allow the CONTAM Panel to conclude whether or not the proposed decontamination process is effective in reducing PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in the fish- and vegetable oils and fats. Although there is no evidence from the data provided that the decontamination process leads to detrimental changes in the nutritional composition of the fish- and vegetable oils, it is possible that the process could deplete some beneficial constituents (e.g. vitamins). Taken together, it was not possible for the CONTAM Panel to conclude that the decontamination process as proposed by the FBO is compliant with the acceptability criteria provided for in Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015.
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- 2022
23. Cumulative dietary risk assessment of pesticides in food for the Danish population for the period 2012–2017
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Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, primary, Petersen, Annette, additional, Petersen, Pernille Bjørn, additional, Christensen, Tue, additional, Fagt, Sisse, additional, Trolle, Ellen, additional, Poulsen, Mette Erecius, additional, and Hinge Andersen, Jens, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The efficacy and safety of high-pressure processing of food
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EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ Panel), Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos, Alvarez-Ordóñez, Avelino, Bolton, Declan, Bover-Cid, Sara, Chemaly, Marianne, Davies, Robert, De Cesare, Alessandra, Herman, Lieve, Hilbert, Friederike, Lindqvist, Roland, Nauta, Maarten, Peixe, Luisa, Ru, Giuseppe, Simmons, Marion, Skandamis, Panagiotis, Suffredini, Elisabetta, Castle, Laurence, Crotta, Matteo, Grob, Konrad, Milana, Maria Rosaria, Petersen, Annette, Roig Sagués, Artur Xavier, Vinagre Silva, Filipa, Barthélémy, Eric, Christodoulidou, Anna, Messens, Winy, Allende, Ana, Koutsoumanis, Konstantino, Alvarez-Ordóñez, Avelino, Bolton, Declan, Bover-Cid, Sara, Chemaly, Marianne, Davies, Robert, De Cesare, Alessandra, Herman, Lieve, Hilbert, Friederike, Lindqvist, Roland, Nauta, Maarten, Peixe, Luisa, Ru, Giuseppe, Simmons, Marion, Skandamis, Panagioti, Suffredini, Elisabetta, Castle, Laurence, Crotta, Matteo, Grob, Konrad, Milana, Maria Rosaria, Petersen, Annette, Roig Sagués, Artur Xavier, Vinagre Silva, Filipa, Barthélémy, Eric, Christodoulidou, Anna, Messens, Winy, Allende, Ana, Indústries Alimentàries, and Funcionalitat i Seguretat Alimentària
- Subjects
high-pressure processing ,milk ,663/664 ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,food ,safetyconcern ,Plant Science ,safety concern ,Microbiology ,ready-to-eat products ,High‐pressure processing ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,ready‐to‐eat product ,microbial inactivation ,Food Science - Abstract
High-pressure processing (HPP) is a non-thermal treatment in which, for microbial inactivation, foods are subjected to isostatic pressures (P) of 400–600 MPa with common holding times (t) from 1.5 to 6 min. The main factors that influence the efficacy (log10 reduction of vegetative microorganisms) of HPP when applied to foodstuffs are intrinsic (e.g. water activity and pH), extrinsic (P and t) and microorganism-related (type, taxonomic unit, strain and physiological state). It was concluded that HPP of food will not present any additional microbial or chemical food safety concerns when compared to other routinely applied treatments (e.g. pasteurisation). Pathogen reductions in milk/colostrum caused by the current HPP conditions applied by the industry are lower than those achieved by the legal requirements for thermal pasteurisation. However, HPP minimum requirements (P/t combinations) could be identified to achieve specific log10 reductions of relevant hazards based on performance criteria (PC) proposed by international standard agencies (5–8 log10 reductions). The most stringent HPP conditions used industrially (600 MPa, 6 min) would achieve the above-mentioned PC, except for Staphylococcus aureus. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the endogenous milk enzyme that is widely used to verify adequate thermal pasteurisation of cows’ milk, is relatively pressure resistant and its use would be limited to that of an overprocessing indicator. Current data are not robust enough to support the proposal of an appropriate indicator to verify the efficacy of HPP under the current HPP conditions applied by the industry. Minimum HPP requirements to reduce Listeria monocytogenes levels by specific log10 reductions could be identified when HPP is applied to ready-to-eat (RTE) cooked meat products, but not for other types of RTE foods. These identified minimum requirements would result in the inactivation of other relevant pathogens (Salmonella and Escherichia coli) in these RTE foods to a similar or higher extent. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2022
25. Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food
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European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Benford, Diane [0000-0002-7113-639X], Ioannidou, Sofia 0000-0001-6375-3243], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Fürst, Peter, Rose, Martin, Ioannidou, Sofia, Nikolic, Marina, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Vleminckx, Christiane, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Benford, Diane [0000-0002-7113-639X], Ioannidou, Sofia 0000-0001-6375-3243], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Fürst, Peter, Rose, Martin, Ioannidou, Sofia, Nikolic, Marina, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, and Vleminckx, Christiane
- Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers a-, b- and c-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 lg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern.An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.
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- 2021
26. Assessment of an application on a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation
- Author
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Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Christodoulidou, Anna [0000-0003-1799-7153], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, Kevin James, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, Metzler, Manfred, Christodoulidou, Anna, Hogstrand, Christer, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Christodoulidou, Anna [0000-0003-1799-7153], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, Kevin James, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, Metzler, Manfred, Christodoulidou, Anna, and Hogstrand, Christer
- Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) provided a scientific opinion on an application for a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation. Specifically, it is required that the feed decontamination process is compliant with the acceptability criteria specified in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The CONTAM Panel assessed the data provided by the feed business operator with respect to the efficacy of the process to remove the contaminant from groundnut press cake batches and on information demonstrating that the process does not adversely affect the characteristics and the nature of the product. Although according to the literature the process may be able to reduce aflatoxin levels below the legal limits, the Panel concluded that the proposed decontamination process, on the basis of the experimental data submitted by the feed business operator, cannot be confirmed for compliance with the acceptability criteria provided for in Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The Panel recommended sufficient sample testing before and after the process, under the selected conditions, to ensure that the process is reproducible and reliable and to demonstrate that the detoxification is not reversible. In addition, genotoxicity testing of extracts of the treated feedingstuff and of the identified degradation products would be necessary. Finally, information on the transfer rate of AFB1 to AFM1 excretion in milk for animals fed the ammoniated product, in comparison to the starting material and on the ammoniation process changes of the nutritional values of the feed material should be provided.
- Published
- 2021
27. Evaluation of the shucking of certain species of scallops contaminated with domoic acid with a view to the production of edible parts meeting the safety requirements foreseen in the Union legislation
- Author
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European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Gago Martínez, Ana [0000-0001-5178-2338], Gerssen, Arjen [0000-0003-4271-1516], Tubaro, Aurelia [0000-0003-2773-2589], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Cortiñas Abrahantes, José [0000-0002-4805-9429], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Chipman, Kevin James, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Steinkellner, Hans, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Gago Martínez, Ana [0000-0001-5178-2338], Gerssen, Arjen [0000-0003-4271-1516], Tubaro, Aurelia [0000-0003-2773-2589], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Cortiñas Abrahantes, José [0000-0002-4805-9429], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Chipman, Kevin James, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Steinkellner, Hans, and Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron)
- Abstract
EFSA was asked by the European Commission to provide information on the levels of domoic acid (DA) in whole scallops that would ensure that levels in edible parts are below the regulatory limit after shucking. This should include five species of scallops. In addition, EFSA was asked to recommend the number of scallops to be used in an analytical sample. To address these questions, EFSA received suitable data on DA for only one scallop species, Pecten maximus, i.e. data on pooled samples of edible and non-edible parts. A large part of the concentration levels was above the limit of quantification (LOQ) and only these data were used for the assessment. Shucking in most cases resulted in a strong decrease in the toxin levels. Statistical analysis of the data showed that levels in whole scallops should not exceed 24 mg DA/kg, 59 mg DA/kg and 127 mg DA/kg to ensure that levels in, respectively, gonads, muscle and muscle plus gonads are below the regulatory limit of 20 mg DA/kg with 99% certainty. Such an analysis was not possible for the other scallop species. In the absence of data from member states, published data of variations between scallops were used to calculate the sample size to ensure a 95% correct prediction on whether the level in scallops in an area or lot is correctly predicted to be compliant/non-compliant. It was shown that 10 scallops per sample would be sufficient to predict with 95% certainty if DA levels in the area/lot were twofold below or above the regulatory limit for the highest reported coefficient of variance (CV) of 1.06. To predict with 95% certainty for levels between 15 and 27 mg DA/kg, a pooled sample of more than 30 scallops would have to be tested.
- Published
- 2021
28. Assessment of an application on a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation
- Author
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EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, Kevin James, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, Metzler, Manfred, Christodoulidou, Anna, Hogstrand, Christer, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Christodoulidou, Anna [0000-0003-1799-7153], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Christodoulidou, Anna, and Hogstrand, Christer
- Subjects
Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,decontamination process ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Chemical technology ,aflatoxin ,groundnut press cake ,Decontamination process ,Team Toxicology ,Plant Science ,TP1-1185 ,Microbiology ,Groundnut press cake ,Scientific Opinion ,ammoniation ,Aflatoxin ,Life Science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,TX341-641 ,Ammoniation ,Food Science ,VLAG - Abstract
12 p.-2 fig.-2 tab., Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) provided a scientific opinion on an application for a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation. Specifically, it is required that the feed decontamination process is compliant with the acceptability criteria specified in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The CONTAM Panel assessed the data provided by the feed business operator with respect to the efficacy of the process to remove the contaminant from groundnut press cake batches and on information demonstrating that the process does not adversely affect the characteristics and the nature of the product. Although according to the literature the process may be able to reduce aflatoxin levels below the legal limits, the Panel concluded that the proposed decontamination process, on the basis of the experimental data submitted by the feed business operator, cannot be confirmed for compliance with the acceptability criteria provided for in Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The Panel recommended sufficient sample testing before and after the process, under the selected conditions, to ensure that the process is reproducible and reliable and to demonstrate that the detoxification is not reversible. In addition, genotoxicity testing of extracts of the treated feedingstuff and of the identified degradation products would be necessary. Finally, information on the transfer rate of AFB1 to AFM1 excretion in milk for animals fed the ammoniated product, in comparison to the starting material and on the ammoniation process changes of the nutritional values of the feed material should be provided., The Panel wishes to thank Federico Cruciani and Carina Wenger for the support provided to this scientific output, and the hearing expert Professor Dr Wayne L Bryden, for the overview on aflatoxin inactivation by ammoniation.
- Published
- 2021
29. Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food
- Author
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EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Fürst, Peter, Rose, Martin, Ioannidou, Sofia, Nikolic, Marina, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Vleminckx, Christiane, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Benford, Diane [0000-0002-7113-639X], Ioannidou, Sofia 0000-0001-6375-3243], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Benford, Diane, and Vleminckx, Christiane
- Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Team Toxicology ,human exposure ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,occurrence ,Body weight ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,0403 veterinary science ,Occurrence ,Age groups ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,TX341-641 ,hexabromocyclododecanes ,VLAG ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Risk assessment ,Hexabromocyclododecanes ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,Dietary exposure ,food ,Chemical technology ,HBCDDs ,risk assessment ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,European population ,Human exposure ,Lowest-observed-adverse-effect level ,Scientific Opinion ,Food ,Toxicity ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Livestock ,business ,toxicology ,Food Science - Abstract
130 p.-4 fig.-23 tab.-Appendix A-D (118-129), The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers a-, b- and c-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 lg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern.An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.
- Published
- 2021
30. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
- Author
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European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Barregard, Lars [0000-0002-4662-0841], Ceccatelli, Sandra [0000-0002-9367-8480], Cravedi, Jean-Pierre [0000-0001-9247-7567], Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi [0000-0002-3488-0777], Haug,Line Smastuen [0000-0001-6746-6399], Knutsen,Helle Katrine [0000-0003-2041-8917], Roudot, Alain-Claude [0000-0001-5948-5813], Loveren, Henk van [0000-0002-1805-6198], Mackay, Karen [0000-0002-0626-2904], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregard, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug,Line Smastuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen,Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Loveren, Henk van, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, Schwerdtle, Tanja, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Barregard, Lars [0000-0002-4662-0841], Ceccatelli, Sandra [0000-0002-9367-8480], Cravedi, Jean-Pierre [0000-0001-9247-7567], Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi [0000-0002-3488-0777], Haug,Line Smastuen [0000-0001-6746-6399], Knutsen,Helle Katrine [0000-0003-2041-8917], Roudot, Alain-Claude [0000-0001-5948-5813], Loveren, Henk van [0000-0002-1805-6198], Mackay, Karen [0000-0002-0626-2904], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregard, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug,Line Smastuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen,Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Loveren, Henk van, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, and Schwerdtle, Tanja
- Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and ‘other children’ showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. ‘Fish meat’, ‘Fruit and fruit products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL10 of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of the four PFASs in serum was identified for 1-year-old children.Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/mL in children was estimated to correspond to longterm maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI,which is of concern.
- Published
- 2020
31. Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato-derived products
- Author
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European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Brimer, Leon, Cottrill, Bruce, Dusemund, Birgit, Mulder, Patrick, Vollmer, Günter, Binaglia, Marco, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Riolo, Francesca, Roldan-Torres, Ruth, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Brimer, Leon, Cottrill, Bruce, Dusemund, Birgit, Mulder, Patrick, Vollmer, Günter, Binaglia, Marco, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Riolo, Francesca, and Roldan-Torres, Ruth
- Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of glycoalkaloids (GAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment covers edible parts of potato plants and other food plants containing GAs, in particular, tomato and aubergine. In humans, acute toxic effects of potato GAs (a-solanine and a-chaconine) include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. For these effects, the CONTAM Panel identified a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level of 1 mg total potato GAs/kg body weight (bw) per day as a reference point for the risk characterisation following acute exposure. In humans, no evidence of health problems associated with repeated or long-term intake of GAs via potatoes has been identified. No reference point for chronic exposure could be identified from the experimental animal studies. Occurrence data were available only for a-solanine and a-chaconine, mostly for potatoes. The acute dietary exposure to potato GAs was estimated using a probabilistic approach and applying processing factors for food. Due to the limited data available, a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. The MOEs for the younger age groups indicate a health concern for the food consumption surveys with the highest mean exposure, as well as for the P95 exposure in all surveys.For adult age groups, the MOEs indicate a health concern only for the food consumption surveys with the highest P95 exposures. For tomato and aubergine GAs, the risk to human health could not be characterised due to the lack of occurrence data and the limited toxicity data. For horses, farm and companion animals, no risk characterisation for potato GAs could be performed due to insufficient data on occurrence in feed and on potential adverse effects of GAs in these species.
- Published
- 2020
32. Dietary exposure to essential and potentially toxic elements for the population of Hanoi, Vietnam
- Author
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Marcussen, Helle, Jensen, Bodil H, Petersen, Annette, and Holm, Peter E
- Published
- 2013
33. PLAN/2022/1665
- Author
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Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, Petersen, Annette, Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, and Petersen, Annette
- Published
- 2022
34. Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses
- Author
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Daenicke, Sven, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Rovesti, Elena, Steinkellner, Hans, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Daenicke, Sven, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Rovesti, Elena, Steinkellner, Hans, and Hoogenboom, Laurentius
- Abstract
In 2018, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of fumonisins, their modified forms and hidden forms in feed. A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 1 mg/kg feed was established for pigs. In poultry a NOAEL of 20 mg/kg feed and in horses a reference point for adverse animal health effect of 8.8 mg/kg feed was established, referred to as NOAEL. The European Commission (EC) requested EFSA to review the information regarding the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses and to revise, if necessary, the established NOAELs. The EFSA CONTAM Panel considered that the term reference point (RP) for adverse animal health effects better reflects the uncertainties in the available studies. New evidence which had become available since the previous opinion allowed to revise an RP for adverse animal health effects for poultry from 20 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg feed (based on a LOAEL of 2.5 mg/kg feed for reduced intestinal crypt depth) and for horses from 8.8 to 1.0 mg/kg feed (based on case studies on equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM)). For pigs, the previously established NOAEL was confirmed as no further studies suitable for deriving an RP for adverse animal health effects could be identified. Based on exposure estimates performed in the previous opinion, the risk of adverse health effects of feeds containing FB1–3 was considered a concern for poultry, when taking into account the RP of 1 mg/kg feed for intestinal effects. For horses and other solipeds, the risk is considered low, although a large uncertainty associated with exposure was identified. The same conclusions apply to the sum of FB1–3 and their hidden forms.
- Published
- 2022
35. Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of T-2 and HT-2 toxin for ruminants
- Author
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Daenicke, Sven, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Rovesti, Elena, Steinkellner, Hans, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Daenicke, Sven, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Rovesti, Elena, Steinkellner, Hans, and Hoogenboom, Laurentius
- Abstract
In 2011, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of T-2 (T2) and HT-2 (HT2) toxin in food and feed. No observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) and lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) were derived for different animal species. In ruminants a LOAEL was established for the sum of T2 and HT2 of 0.3 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, based on studies with calves and lambs. The CONTAM Panel noted that the effects observed in nutritionally challenged heifers and ewes give rise to the assumption that rumen detoxification of T2 may not always be complete and therefore effective to prevent adverse effects in ruminants. However, the limited data on the effects of T2 on adult ruminants did not allow a conclusion. The European Commission requested EFSA to review the information regarding the toxicity of T2 and HT2 for ruminants and to revise, if necessary, the established Reference Point (RP). Adverse effect levels of 0.001 and 0.01 mg T2/kg bw per day for, respectively, sheep and cows, were derived from case studies, estimated to correspond to feed concentrations of 0.035 mg T2/kg for sheep and 0.6 mg T2/kg for cows. RPs for adverse animal health effects of 0.01 mg/kg feed for sheep and 0.2 mg/kg feed for cows were established. For goats, the RP for cows was selected, in the absence of data that they are more sensitive. Based on mean exposure estimates performed in the previous Opinion, the risk of adverse health effects of feeds containing T2 and HT2 was considered a concern for lactating sheep. For milking goats, a comparison performed between dietary exposure and the RP derived for cows, indicates a potential risk for adverse health effects. For dairy cows and fattening beef, the risk is considered low.
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- 2022
36. Annex B – Raw data on occurrence of HMF in bee feed
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Focks, Andreas, Gregorc, Ales, Metzler, Manfred, Sgolastra, Fabio, Tosi, Simone, Horvath, Zsuzsanna, Ippolito, Alessio, Rortais, Agnes, Steinkellner, Hans, Szentes, Csaba, Sand, Salomon, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Focks, Andreas, Gregorc, Ales, Metzler, Manfred, Sgolastra, Fabio, Tosi, Simone, Horvath, Zsuzsanna, Ippolito, Alessio, Rortais, Agnes, Steinkellner, Hans, Szentes, Csaba, and Sand, Salomon
- Abstract
HMF_raw_occurrence_zenodo.CSV contains the raw occurrence dataset on hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) contaminant as extracted from EFSA DWH in August 2021 on 219 samples of bee feed presented in the opinion as described in its section 3.2.1. Occurrence data submitted to EFSA. The data is provided in .csv format. This dataset is compliant with EFSA SSD model and contains two additional columns documenting issues identified in the cleaning process (column: issue) and the action taken (column: outcome) to address the issue (e.g. delete record or update values in specific fields)., HMF_raw_occurrence_zenodo.CSV contains the raw occurrence dataset on hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) contaminant as extracted from EFSA DWH in August 2021 on 219 samples of bee feed presented in the opinion as described in its section 3.2.1. Occurrence data submitted to EFSA. The data is provided in .csv format. This dataset is compliant with EFSA SSD model and contains two additional columns documenting issues identified in the cleaning process (column: issue) and the action taken (column: outcome) to address the issue (e.g. delete record or update values in specific fields).
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- 2022
37. SANTE/10182/2022, rev. 1
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Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, Petersen, Annette, Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, and Petersen, Annette
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- 2022
38. Risikovurdering af courgette med restindhold af heptachlor
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Petersen, Annette, Petersen, Annika Boye, Petersen, Annette, and Petersen, Annika Boye
- Abstract
Fødevarestyrelsen har bedt DTU Fødevareinstituttet om en sundhedsmæssig risikovurdering af et restindhold på 0,0135 mg/kg mg/kg af heptachlorepoxid-cis, der omregnet givet et indhold af hepta-chlor på 0,013 mg/kg. MRL er 0,01* mg/kg.
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- 2022
39. Risikovurdering af ris med restindhold af tricyclazol
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Petersen, Annette, Petersen, Annika Boye, Petersen, Annette, and Petersen, Annika Boye
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Fødevarestyrelsen har bedt DTU Fødevareinstituttet om en sundhedsmæssig risikovurdering af et restindhold på 0,025 mg/kg af tricyclazol i en prøve af ris. MRL er 0,01* mg/kg.
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- 2022
40. Risikovurdering af majskorn med restindhold af fluxapyroxad
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Petersen, Annette and Petersen, Annette
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Fødevarestyrelsen har bedt DTU Fødevareinstituttet om en sundhedsmæssig risikovurdering af et restindhold på 0,029 mg/kg mg/kg af fluxapyraxad i en prøve af majskorn, der er modtaget som rapid alert fra Spanien. MRL er 0,01* mg/kg.
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- 2022
41. Risikovurdering af sort peber med restindhold af ethylenoxid
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Petersen, Annette, Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, Petersen, Annika Boye, Petersen, Annette, Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, and Petersen, Annika Boye
- Abstract
Fødevarestyrelsen har bedt DTU Fødevareinstituttet om en sundhedsmæssig risikovurdering af et restindhold af ethylenoxid (sum) på 0,13 mg/kg i sort peber. MRL er 0,1* mg/kg.
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- 2022
42. Risikovurdering af peberfrugt med restindhold af buprofezin
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Petersen, Annette, Petersen, Annika Boye, Petersen, Annette, and Petersen, Annika Boye
- Abstract
Fødevarestyrelsen har bedt DTU Fødevareinstituttet om en sundhedsmæssig risikovurdering af et restindhold på 0,048 mg/kg mg/kg af buprofezin i en prøve af peberfrugt. MRL er 0,01* mg/kg.
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- 2022
43. Høring SANTE/10016/2022, rev 0
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Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, Petersen, Annette, Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, and Petersen, Annette
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- 2022
44. Cumulative dietary risk assessment of pesticides in food for the Danish population for the period 2012–2017
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Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, Petersen, Annette, Petersen, Pernille Bjørn, Christensen, Tue, Fagt, Sisse, Trolle, Ellen, Poulsen, Mette Erecius, Hinge Andersen, Jens, Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, Petersen, Annette, Petersen, Pernille Bjørn, Christensen, Tue, Fagt, Sisse, Trolle, Ellen, Poulsen, Mette Erecius, and Hinge Andersen, Jens
- Abstract
The cumulative chronic dietary exposure for the Danish population were assessed using Danish food monitoring data for the period 2012–2017 and Danish food consumption data for the consumer groups children (age 1–2, age 4–6 and age 7–14 years), adults age 15–75, high consumers and consumers eating Danish produced fruit and vegetables whenever possible. Levels below the Limit of Reporting (LOR) were set to ½ LOR with correction. For risk assessment of the cumulative chronic dietary exposure we used the Hazard Index (HI) method where the Hazard Quotient (HQ) was calculated for each pesticide and summed up to a HI. The HI was calculated to be below 1 for all consumer groups; i.e. 0.36 for children age 4–6 years and 0.13 for adults, indicating that the cumulative chronic dietary pesticide exposure is unlikely to constitute a health risk for Danish consumers, even for high consumers eating 600 g or more of fruit and vegetables each day. By eating Danish produced commodities whenever possible, the HI was reduced by a factor of one third for both children and adults. 25 different commodities contributed to about 90% of the HI and to 84% of the exposure.
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- 2022
45. Vurdering af overførsel af ethylenoxid til dyr og animalske produkter
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Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, Petersen, Annette, Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, and Petersen, Annette
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Fødevarevarestyrelsen har bedt DTU, Fødevareinstituttet om en vurdering af carry over fra foder til animalske fødevarer, herunder se på hvilke niveauer af ethylenoxid man vil kunne forvente i kød, mælk, æg og andre animalske produkter efter et dyr har indtaget fødevarer eller foder med indhold af ethylenoxid. Fødevarestyrelsen vil samtidig bede om en risikovurdering af fødevaren, hvis risikovurderingen adskiller sig fra DTU’s tidligere risikovurdering af ethylenoxid i fødevarer. Fødevarestyrelsen angiver, at der f.eks. kan tages udgangspunkt i indhold af ETOsum i cholin chlorid (CC) på hhv. 40 og 80 mg/kg CC. Iblandingsprocentenkan hentes fra angivelser i afsnit 3.1. i EFSA rapporten ((eller) evt. et worst case scenario). Malkekvæg på ca. 600 kg indtager ca. 20 kg foder (tørstof) pr. dag. En smågris spiser omkring 1 kg foder/dag. Et slagtesvin spiser omkring 2,3 kg foder/dag. En slagtekylling spiser ca. 100 g/dag. En stor høne i fuld æglægning har brug for ca. 140 g foder om dagen.
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- 2022
46. Risk assessment of N‐nitrosamines in food.
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Romualdo, Benigni, Cristina, Fortes, Stephen, Hecht, and Marco, Iammarino
- Subjects
HEALTH attitudes ,RISK assessment ,SMOKELESS tobacco ,CENSORING (Statistics) ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,AGE groups - Abstract
EFSA was asked for a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of N‐nitrosamines (N‐NAs) in food. The risk assessment was confined to those 10 carcinogenic N‐NAs occurring in food (TCNAs), i.e. NDMA, NMEA, NDEA, NDPA, NDBA, NMA, NSAR, NMOR, NPIP and NPYR. N‐NAs are genotoxic and induce liver tumours in rodents. The in vivo data available to derive potency factors are limited, and therefore, equal potency of TCNAs was assumed. The lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose at 10% (BMDL10) was 10 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day, derived from the incidence of rat liver tumours (benign and malignant) induced by NDEA and used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. Analytical results on the occurrence of N‐NAs were extracted from the EFSA occurrence database (n = 2,817) and the literature (n = 4,003). Occurrence data were available for five food categories across TCNAs. Dietary exposure was assessed for two scenarios, excluding (scenario 1) and including (scenario 2) cooked unprocessed meat and fish. TCNAs exposure ranged from 0 to 208.9 ng/kg bw per day across surveys, age groups and scenarios. 'Meat and meat products' is the main food category contributing to TCNA exposure. MOEs ranged from 3,337 to 48 at the P95 exposure excluding some infant surveys with P95 exposure equal to zero. Two major uncertainties were (i) the high number of left censored data and (ii) the lack of data on important food categories. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the MOE for TCNAs at the P95 exposure is highly likely (98–100% certain) to be less than 10,000 for all age groups, which raises a health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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47. Risks for human health related to the presence of grayanotoxins in certain honey.
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Dusemund, Birgit, Hart, Andrew, Mulder, Patrick, and Viviani, Barbara
- Subjects
HONEY ,HEART beat ,RESPIRATORY insufficiency ,CARDIOVASCULAR system ,FIREPROOFING agents ,NERVOUS system - Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for human health of the presence of grayanotoxins (GTXs) in 'certain honey' from Ericaceae plants. The risk assessment included all structurally related grayananes occurring with GTXs in 'certain' honey. Oral exposure is associated with acute intoxication in humans. Acute symptoms affect the muscles, nervous and cardiovascular systems. These may lead to complete atrioventricular block, convulsions, mental confusion, agitation, syncope and respiratory depression. For acute effects, the CONTAM Panel derived a reference point (RP) of 15.3 μg/kg body weight for the sum of GTX I and III based on a BMDL10 for reduced heart rate in rats. A similar relative potency was considered for GTX I. Without chronic toxicity studies, an RP for long‐term effects could not be derived. There is evidence for genotoxicity in mice exposed to GTX III or honey containing GTX I and III, showing increased levels of chromosomal damage. The mechanism of genotoxicity is unknown. Without representative occurrence data for the sum of GTX I and III and consumption data from Ericaceae honey, acute dietary exposure was estimated based on selected concentrations for GTX I and III reflecting concentrations measured in 'certain' honeys. Applying a margin of exposure (MOE) approach, the estimated MOEs raised health concerns for acute toxicity. The Panel calculated the highest concentrations for GTX I and III below which no acute effects would be expected following 'certain honey' consumption. The Panel is 75% or more certain that the calculated highest concentration of 0.05 mg for the sum of GTX I and III per kg honey is protective for all age groups regarding acute intoxications. This value does not consider other grayananes in 'certain honey' and does not cover the identified genotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Adverse effects on sexual development in rat offspring after low dose exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides
- Author
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Hass, Ulla, Boberg, Julie, Christiansen, Sofie, Jacobsen, Pernille Rosenskjold, Vinggaard, Anne Marie, Taxvig, Camilla, Poulsen, Mette Erecius, Herrmann, Susan Strange, Jensen, Bodil Hamborg, Petersen, Annette, Clemmensen, Line Harder, and Axelstad, Marta
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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49. Contributors
- Author
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Abutarbush, Sameeh M., primary, Aceto, Helen, additional, Affolter, Verena K., additional, Albanese, Valeria, additional, Aleman, Monica, additional, Allen, Kate, additional, Allen, Kent, additional, Alvarenga, Marco Antonio, additional, Andrews, Frank M., additional, Annear, Matthew, additional, Banse, Heidi, additional, Barrett, Elizabeth J., additional, Bauck, Anje G., additional, Beard, Laurie A., additional, Beard, Warren, additional, Belgrave, Rodney L., additional, Blanchard, Terry L., additional, Blott, Sarah, additional, Brandt, Sabine, additional, Branson, Keith R., additional, Brink, Palle, additional, Brockus, Charles W., additional, Brown, James A., additional, Buchanan, Benjamin R., additional, Buhl, Rikke, additional, Burba, Daniel J., additional, Burden, Faith, additional, Burns, Teresa A., additional, Camacho-Luna, Pilar, additional, Canisso, Igor F., additional, Carlson, Kelly L., additional, Carr, Elizabeth A., additional, Chapman, Hannah-Sophie, additional, Claes, Anthony, additional, Clayton, Hilary M., additional, Clode, Alison B., additional, Coleman, Michelle C., additional, Contino, Erin K., additional, Cook, R. Frank, additional, Cook, Vanessa L., additional, Corley, Kevin T., additional, Cullinane, Ann, additional, Coutinho da Silva, Marco A., additional, Dahlgren, Linda A., additional, Dart, Andrew J., additional, Davidson, Elizabeth J., additional, Davis, Elizabeth, additional, Dechant, Julie E., additional, Diaz-Méndez, Andrés, additional, Divers, Thomas J., additional, du Toit, Nicole, additional, Dunkel, Bettina, additional, Durham, Matthew G., additional, Dyson, Sue, additional, Eastman, Tim G., additional, Elton, Debra, additional, Epstein, Kira L., additional, Estell, Krista E., additional, Ewart, Susan L., additional, Ferris, Ryan A., additional, Fielding, C. Langdon, additional, Finan, Seán A., additional, Finno, Carrie J., additional, Fowlie, Jennifer, additional, Frank, Nicholas, additional, Franklin, Samantha H., additional, Frazer, Michele L., additional, Freeman, David E., additional, Furr, Martin, additional, Garrett, Katherine S., additional, Gilger, Brian C., additional, Gillis, Carol L., additional, Gimenez, Rebecca M., additional, Giuliano, Elizabeth A., additional, Goehring, Lutz S., additional, Goodrich, Laurie R., additional, Graves, Emily A., additional, Guthrie, Alan J., additional, Hackett, Eileen S., additional, Hahn, Caroline, additional, Hainisch, Edmund K., additional, Hanson, R. Reid, additional, Hart, Kelsey A., additional, Haussler, Kevin K., additional, Henninger, Rick W., additional, Hogan, Patricia M., additional, Hollis, Anna R., additional, Hurcombe, Samuel D.A., additional, Issel, Charles J., additional, Jesty, Sophy A., additional, Johnson, Amy L., additional, Johnson, Philip J., additional, Jokisalo, Jonna M., additional, Kamm, J. Lacy, additional, Katz, Lisa Michelle, additional, Knych, Heather K., additional, Labelle, Amber L., additional, Lacombe, Véronique A., additional, Landolt, Gabriele A., additional, Léguillette, Renaud, additional, Leutenegger, Christian M., additional, Lorch, Gwendolen, additional, Losinno, Luis, additional, Lugo, Joel, additional, Macpherson, Margo L., additional, Madigan, John E., additional, Magdesian, K. Gary, additional, Mair, Tim, additional, Mama, Khursheed R., additional, Marsella, Rosanna, additional, Mason, Clara Ann, additional, Matthews, Nora S., additional, McCarrel, Taralyn M., additional, McCluskey, Brian J., additional, McConnico, Rebecca S., additional, McCracken, Jeanette L., additional, McCue, Patrick M., additional, McGorum, Bruce C., additional, McGurrin, M. Kimberly J., additional, McKenzie, Harold C., additional, McKinnon, Angus O., additional, McNabb, Noelle T., additional, Meindel, Mandy J., additional, Mendes, Luiz Claudio Nogueira, additional, Millerick-May, Melissa L., additional, Morehead, James P., additional, Morresey, Peter R., additional, Morrison, Scott E., additional, Morton, Alison J., additional, Mowat, Freya M., additional, Murray, Rachel C., additional, Natalini, Claudio C., additional, Nelson, Brad B., additional, Neto, Carlos Ramires, additional, Newcombe, John R., additional, Newton, J. Richard, additional, Nielsen, Martin K., additional, O'Brien, Philippa, additional, O'Grady, Stephen E., additional, O'Neill, Henry D., additional, Oosterlinck, Maarten, additional, Paccamonti, Dale L., additional, Page, Allen E., additional, Papa, Frederico Ozanam, additional, Parkin, Tim D.H., additional, Parks, Andrew H., additional, Pease, Anthony P., additional, Peek, Simon F., additional, Pelzel-McCluskey, Angela M., additional, Perkins, Justin D., additional, Peroni, John F., additional, Peters, Duncan F., additional, Petersen, Annette, additional, Phillips, Jeffrey, additional, Plummer, Caryn E., additional, Powell, Sarah E., additional, Pozor, Malgorzata, additional, Prange, Timo, additional, Puschner, Birgit, additional, Pusterla, Nicola, additional, Pynn, Oliver D., additional, Ragle, Claude A., additional, Rashmir-Raven, Ann, additional, Reed, Stephen M., additional, Richter, Ruth-Anne, additional, Robinson, N. Edward, additional, Rombach, Nicole, additional, Ruggles, Alan J., additional, Runcan, Erin E., additional, Schott, Harold C., additional, Schroeder, Eric L., additional, Schumacher, John, additional, Schumacher, Stephen A., additional, Scoggin, Charles F., additional, Sellon, Debra C., additional, Sherlock, Ceri, additional, Sinclair, Charlotte, additional, Sinclair, Melissa, additional, Slovis, Nathan, additional, Soboll Hussey, Gisela, additional, Spier, Sharon J., additional, Sponseller, Beatrice T., additional, Sprayberry, Kim A., additional, Stack, Alice, additional, Stick, John, additional, Stover, Susan M., additional, Stratford, Claire H., additional, Stubbs, Narelle Colleen, additional, Taintor, Jennifer S., additional, Thiemann, Alexandra K., additional, Timoney, John F., additional, Toribio, Ramiro E., additional, Tranquille, Carolyne A., additional, Traub-Dargatz, Josie L., additional, Tulloch, Laura K., additional, Utter, Mary Lassaline, additional, van den Top, Gerald, additional, Varner, Dickson D., additional, Viel, Laurent, additional, von Schweinitz, Dietrich Graf, additional, Waldridge, Bryan M., additional, Walker, Vicki A., additional, Watts, Ashlee E., additional, Werner, Laura A., additional, Weyer, Camilla T., additional, White, Stephen D., additional, Wilkerson, Melinda J., additional, Wilkins, Pamela A., additional, Wilson, M. Eilidh, additional, Wilson, Pamela J., additional, Witte, Thomas H., additional, Wong, David M., additional, and Yiannikouris, Stavros, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Hypersensitivity Diseases
- Author
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Rashmir-Raven, Ann, primary and Petersen, Annette, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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