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1. High-sensitivity nanophotonic sensors with passive trapping of analyte molecules in hot spots

Author

Xianglong Miao, Lingyue Yan, Yun Wu, and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

Photonic sensors: trapping analytes by digging into nano-trenches An innovative sensor can make it easier to use infrared light for label-free, picogram-scale detection of amino acids and other molecules. Photonic sensors avoid the need for large quantities of analytes by using nanoscale gap structures to trap targets and subject them to ultrahigh optical fields. Peter Liu and colleagues at the State University of New York at Buffalo in the United States have developed a microchip that naturally drives molecules into nanoscale gap regions. The team fabricated arrays where aluminum ribbons overhang narrower strips of insulating crystals. When a drop of test solution is placed onto the chip and left to evaporate, surface tension creates concave profiles that concentrate molecules under the aluminum layers. The resonant frequencies within this device’s “nano-trenches” can be tuned to specific molecular targets by tweaking the array’s geometric parameters.

Published
2021
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2. Electrically controlled terahertz magneto-optical phenomena in continuous and patterned graphene

Author

Jean-Marie Poumirol, Peter Q. Liu, Tetiana M. Slipchenko, Alexey Y. Nikitin, Luis Martin-Moreno, Jérôme Faist, and Alexey B. Kuzmenko

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Time reversal symmetry breaking gives rise to magnetic circular dichroism and Faraday rotation in graphene. The authors use terahertz magneto-electro-optical spectroscopy to demonstrate that electrostatic doping at a fixed magnetic field allows inversion of magnetic circular dichroism and Faraday rotation.

Published
2017
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4. Graphene Nanoribbon Plasmonic Conveyor Belt Network for Optical Trapping and Transportation of Nanoparticles

Author

Puspita Paul and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Materials science, business.industry, Graphene, Mid infrared, Physics::Optics, Nanoparticle, Conveyor belt, Trapping, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Optical tweezers, law, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Plasmon, Biotechnology
Abstract

Optical tweezers based on metallic plasmonic structures can achieve stable trapping of objects with deep subwavelength dimensions. However, due to the lack of real-time tunability of metallic plasm...

Published
2020
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5. Assessing atomically thin delta-doping of silicon using mid-infrared ellipsometry

Author

Ting S. Luk, Michael T. Marshall, Evan M. Anderson, Paul G. Kotula, Ping Lu, Tzu-Ming Lu, Daniel R. Ward, Steve M. Young, DeAnna M. Campbell, Shashank Misra, Aaron M. Katzenmeyer, Ezra Bussmann, Peter Q. Liu, and James Anthony Ohlhausen

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Permittivity, Materials science, Silicon, Dopant, business.industry, Scattering, Mechanical Engineering, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Ellipsometry, 0103 physical sciences, Silicide, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Hydrogen lithography has been used to template phosphine-based surface chemistry to fabricate atomic-scale devices, a process we abbreviate as atomic precision advanced manufacturing (APAM). Here, we use mid-infrared variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (IR-VASE) to characterize single-nanometer thickness phosphorus dopant layers (δ-layers) in silicon made using APAM compatible processes. A large Drude response is directly attributable to the δ-layer and can be used for nondestructive monitoring of the condition of the APAM layer when integrating additional processing steps. The carrier density and mobility extracted from our room temperature IR-VASE measurements are consistent with cryogenic magneto-transport measurements, showing that APAM δ-layers function at room temperature. Finally, the permittivity extracted from these measurements shows that the doping in the APAM δ-layers is so large that their low-frequency in-plane response is reminiscent of a silicide. However, there is no indication of a plasma resonance, likely due to reduced dimensionality and/or low scattering lifetime.

Published
2020
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7. Recent advances in liquid metal photonics: technologies and applications [Invited]

Author

Peter Q. Liu, Xianglong Miao, and Shreyan Datta

Subjects
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

Near-room-temperature liquid metals offer unique and crucial advantages over solid metals for a broad range of applications that require soft, stretchable, and/or reconfigurable structures and devices. In particular, gallium-based liquid metals are the most suitable for a wide range of applications, not only owing to their low melting points but also thanks to their low toxicity and negligible vapor pressure. In addition, gallium-based liquid metals exhibit attractive optical properties, which make them highly suitable for a variety of photonics applications. This review summarizes the material properties of gallium-based liquid metals, highlights several effective techniques for fabricating liquid-metal-based structures and devices, and then focuses on the various photonics applications of these liquid metals in different spectral regions, following with a discussion on the challenges and opportunities for future research in this relatively nascent field.

Published
2023
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8. Liquid-Metal-Based Nanophotonic Structures for High-Performance SEIRA Sensing

Author

Xianglong Miao, Ting Shan Luk, and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science
Abstract

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy can provide label-free, nondestructive detection and identification of analytes with high sensitivity and specificity, and therefore has been widely used for various sensing applications. SEIRA sensors usually employ resonant nanophotonic structures, which can substantially enhance the electric field and hence light-matter interactions by orders of magnitude in certain nanoscale hot spots of the devices. However, as ever, smaller hot spots are employed to further enhance the field, the delivery of analytes into such hot spots becomes increasingly challenging. Here, high-performance nanophotonic SEIRA sensors based on nanopatch antennas with a liquid gallium ground plane are demonstrated, which not only lead to ultrahigh field confinement and enhancement, but also allow for convenient and efficient delivery of analytes into nanometric hot spots by employing a simple procedure suitable for point-of-care applications. The sensors exhibit superior sensitivity in the midinfrared spectral region. Around 10% molecular vibrational signals (i.e., the modulation of a sensor's reflection spectrum owing to the molecular vibrational modes of the analytes) near 2900 cm

Published
2021

9. Multilayer Graphene Terahertz Plasmonic Structures for Enhanced Frequency Tuning Range

Author

Viacheslav Semenenko, Vasili Perebeinos, Geng Li, and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Materials science, Terahertz radiation, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Graphene plasmonics, Physics::Chemical Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Plasmon, Range (particle radiation), Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, Graphene, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Biotechnology
Abstract

Graphene plasmonics has recently found a variety of applications in terahertz photonic devices. High spatial confinement and large frequency tunability are two key advantages of graphene plasmonics...

Published
2019
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10. Graphene Antidot Terahertz Plasmonic Metasurfaces Employing Self-Aligned Metal Cores for Sensing Applications

Author

Peter Q. Liu, Licheng Xiao, Xianglong Miao, and Geng Li

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Graphene, Surface plasmon, Nanophotonics, law.invention, law, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Photonics, Photolithography, business, Order of magnitude, Plasmon
Abstract

Surface plasmons in graphene have great potential for molecular sensing applications thanks to their exceedingly high sensitivity to environmental changes. Here, we demonstrate a type of hybrid graphene–metal metasurface that supports strong graphene plasmonic resonances in the terahertz range. Each unit cell of such a hybrid metasurface consists of a graphene antidot enclosing a metal disk realized using a self-aligned photolithography process. This hybrid design combines the advantages of both graphene- and metal-based photonic structures, leading to ∼3 times stronger tunable plasmonic resonances and an order of magnitude larger near-field intensity enhancement with respect to those of bare graphene antidot metasurfaces.

Published
2019
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11. The proton–Ω correlation function in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200GeV

Author

M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, Sedigheh Jowzaee, Roli Esha, Daniel Nemes, Jie Zhao, S. Horvat, Anik Gupta, L. C. Bland, B. J. Summa, J. Y. Zhang, F. Videbæk, A. Lipiec, J. Porter, P. Sorensen, David Brown, W. Zha, Frank Jm Geurts, T. Galatyuk, N. Yu, E. P. Sichtermann, S. Ramachandran, L. V. Nogach, B. Pawlik, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, Mariusz Przybycien, Sumit R. Das, Y. Yang, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Siwei Luo, O. Eyser, C. Zhou, A. Gibson, J. H. Thomas, L. P. Zhou, F-H. Chang, Q. Yang, G. S. Averichev, K. Meehan, Shize Yang, Madan M. Aggarwal, Fuqiang Wang, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, I. K. Yoo, J. K. Adkins, A. Harlenderova, F. Seck, Md. Nasim, R. D. Majka, L. Zhang, Wei Xie, D. K. Mishra, Xiangming Sun, M. Posik, H. M. Spinka, Arka Chatterjee, J. M. Campbell, Q. H. Xu, R. Witt, R. Fatemi, L. He, Shaji Kumar, Todd Kinghorn, D. Kalinkin, T. Ullrich, A. Aparin, I. G. Alekseev, W. Guryn, J. Schambach, H. Z. Huang, S. Vokal, J. Xu, N. Kulathunga, S. Mioduszewski, S. Fazio, A. Vossen, T. G. Dedovich, J. D. Negrete, M. A. Lisa, J. C. Mei, K. Krueger, S. Esumi, J. Fedorisin, M. M. Mondal, J. C. Webb, Isaac Mooney, N. Xu, P. Filip, N. Schmitz, Zebo Tang, Xiaofeng Luo, I. Kisel, Guo-Liang Ma, W. Christie, Li Yi, E. Shahaliev, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Chi Yang, Jaroslav Bielcik, D. G. Underwood, R. Seto, Xiaofeng Zhu, Ying Liang, J. Lidrych, G. D. Westfall, N. K. Pruthi, A. S. Hirsch, M. Cherney, Shengli Huang, Y. Li, S. Singha, Andrey Vasiliev, G. Eppley, P. Chaloupka, Ting Lin, J. Jia, Arabinda Behera, C. E. Flores, A. Ogawa, E. G. Judd, O. V. Rogachevskiy, P. Kravtsov, Fuwang Shen, A. M. Schmah, Jana Bielcikova, Z. J. Xu, D. N. Svirida, J. Pluta, J. L. Romero, J. Cheng, M. Tokarev, D. A. Morozov, A. Quintero, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, W. Li, I. Vassiliev, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, P. Federic, Lokesh Kumar, Hua Pei, S. K. Tripathy, X.G. Li, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, Lukas Kramarik, C. Perkins, J. W. Harris, Zongye Zhang, Y. Guo, J. M. Nelson, W. J. Llope, C. Zhong, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Trentalange, M. Zyzak, E. Finch, I. G. Bordyuzhin, Sergey Voloshin, Zubayer Ahammed, Xuedong Bai, Janet Elizabeth Seger, S. Margetis, D. L. Olvitt, L. Ma, Vitaly Okorokov, G. Agakishiev, D. S. Gunarathne, I. M. Deppner, G. Wang, Rene Bellwied, X. Dong, Bernd Surrow, Anju Bhasin, N. Elsey, G. Xie, J. Bryslawskyj, D. Mayes, Z. Chang, A. J. Bassill, D. Cebra, K. Jiang, J. A. Mazer, Giacomo Contin, K. Kauder, R. E. Tribble, W. B. Schmidke, Alexander Jentsch, T. D. S. Stanislaus, Yanjun Wu, Tetsuro Sugiura, K. Kang, T. Niida, Q. Y. Shou, C. A. Gagliardi, D. Kapukchyan, P. Federicova, C-Q. Li, D. Arkhipkin, A. Hamed, Arkadiy Taranenko, Zhanwen Zhu, Y. J. Sun, A. Lebedev, H. H. Wieman, Nihar Sahoo, C. Dilks, X. C. Chen, Christina Markert, D. Smirnov, O. Rusnakova, Michal Sumbera, R. Pak, J. Rusnak, J. L. Drachenberg, H. S. Matis, A. A. P. Suaide, Olga Evdokimov, B. Huang, Song Zhang, S. Kabana, A. H. Tang, L. K. Kosarzewski, A. F. Kraishan, Justin Ewigleben, I. Upsal, M. Sergeeva, S. B. Nurushev, W. W. Jacobs, J. Engelage, Catherine Tomkiel, B.R. Schweid, T. J. Humanic, J. Lauret, Anthony Robert Timmins, N.N. Ajitanand, L. Ruan, Joseph Kwasizur, Jay Roberts, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, T. Tarnowsky, G. Odyniec, G. Nigmatkulov, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, H. J. Crawford, Z. Ye, Jaroslav Adam, Maowu Nie, X. Huang, A. Attri, A. Kechechyan, S. S. Shi, H. W. Ke, S. K. Radhakrishnan, S. W. Wissink, L. Fulek, Pradip Kumar Sahu, T. Nonaka, B. S. Page, Y. Zhang, I. Bunzarov, O. Matonoha, D. P. Kikola, B. Stringfellow, J. M. Landgraf, R. S. Longacre, Jing-Han Chen, P. Huo, Lukas Holub, Bedangadas Mohanty, T. Todoroki, M. Strikhanov, Chong Kim, H. G. Ritter, Xuan Zhang, P. V. Shanmuganathan, Zhigang Xiao, T. Huang, J. Sandweiss, J. R. Adams, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, R. Aoyama, A. K. Bhati, N. G. Minaev, D. Mallick, W. Solyst, D. Keane, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, G. Igo, Nikolai Smirnov, N. Herrmann, L. Krauth, Jongmin Lee, L. G. Efimov, R. L. Ray, R. Ma, J. Butterworth, Y. F. Xu, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R. Reed, T. Ljubicic, S. Siejka, Niseem Magdy, H. Caines, M. Lomnitz, Y. Panebratsev, Saehanseul Oh, D. Grosnick, Yu-Gang Ma, Y. Fisyak, Samuel Heppelmann, K. Oh, R. Lacey, P. Szymanski, B. Tu, P. Seyboth, Jan Vanek, Leszek Adamczyk, D. Tlusty, F. G. Atetalla, O. D. Tsai, Peter Q. Liu, J. Kvapil, Nilay Shah, W. Q. Shen, Jorn Henning Putschke, A. V. Brandin, Xiang Sun, Vipul Bairathi, James Brandenburg, K. N. Barish, H. Liu, A. A. Derevschikov, David Stewart, Sevil Salur, Y. Wang, K. Yip, and Rafal Sikora

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Binding energy, Lattice QCD, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Momentum, Correlation function, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon
Abstract

We present the first measurement of the proton–Ω correlation function in heavy-ion collisions for the central (0–40%) and peripheral (40–80%) Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). Predictions for the ratio of peripheral collisions to central collisions for the proton–Ω correlation function are sensitive to the presence of a nucleon–Ω bound state. These predictions are based on the proton–Ω interaction extracted from ( 2 + 1 ) -flavor lattice QCD calculations at the physical point. The measured ratio of the proton–Ω correlation function between the peripheral (small system) and central (large system) collisions is less than unity for relative momentum smaller than 40 MeV/c. Comparison of our measured correlation ratio with theoretical calculation slightly favors a proton–Ω bound system with a binding energy of ∼ 27 MeV.

Published
2019
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12. Graphene nanoribbon network for optical trapping and transportation of nanoparticles

Author

Puspita Paul and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Materials science, Graphene, business.industry, Optical force, Physics::Optics, Nanoparticle, Trapping, law.invention, Optical tweezers, law, Tweezers, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Optoelectronics, business, Excitation, Plasmon
Abstract

We propose and demonstrate the feasibility of employing a tunable graphene nano-ribbon plasmonic network for optically trapping and transporting nano-particles within the network. In contrast to conventional metal-based plasmonic tweezers which require varying the excitation light source to achieve manipulation of trapped objects, our proposed graphene nano-ribbon plamonic network realizes accurately controlled transportation of trapped nano-particles via electrostatically tuning the carrier density distribution in the graphene network. Plane-wave excitation of the plasmonic resonances of graphene nano-ribbons at 1mW per square micrometer intensity level is sufficient to generate a trapping potential larger than 10kT at room temperature for nano-particles with a sub-100nm diameter.

Published
2021
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13. High-sensitivity nanophotonic sensors with passive trapping of analyte molecules in hot spots

Author

Lingyue Yan, Yun Wu, Peter Q. Liu, and Xianglong Miao

Subjects
Analyte, Materials science, Nanophotonics, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Article, Resonator, Monolayer, Applied optics. Photonics, Spectroscopy, business.industry, Imaging and sensing, QC350-467, Optics. Light, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, TA1501-1820, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Quantum dot, Optical sensors, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Nanophotonic resonators can confine light to deep-subwavelength volumes with highly enhanced near-field intensity and therefore are widely used for surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy in various molecular sensing applications. The enhanced signal is mainly contributed by molecules in photonic hot spots, which are regions of a nanophotonic structure with high-field intensity. Therefore, delivery of the majority of, if not all, analyte molecules to hot spots is crucial for fully utilizing the sensing capability of an optical sensor. However, for most optical sensors, simple and straightforward methods of introducing an aqueous analyte to the device, such as applying droplets or spin-coating, cannot achieve targeted delivery of analyte molecules to hot spots. Instead, analyte molecules are usually distributed across the entire device surface, so the majority of the molecules do not experience enhanced field intensity. Here, we present a nanophotonic sensor design with passive molecule trapping functionality. When an analyte solution droplet is introduced to the sensor surface and gradually evaporates, the device structure can effectively trap most precipitated analyte molecules in its hot spots, significantly enhancing the sensor spectral response and sensitivity performance. Specifically, our sensors produce a reflection change of a few percentage points in response to trace amounts of the amino-acid proline or glucose precipitate with a picogram-level mass, which is significantly less than the mass of a molecular monolayer covering the same measurement area. The demonstrated strategy for designing optical sensor structures may also be applied to sensing nano-particles such as exosomes, viruses, and quantum dots., Photonic sensors: trapping analytes by digging into nano-trenches An innovative sensor can make it easier to use infrared light for label-free, picogram-scale detection of amino acids and other molecules. Photonic sensors avoid the need for large quantities of analytes by using nanoscale gap structures to trap targets and subject them to ultrahigh optical fields. Peter Liu and colleagues at the State University of New York at Buffalo in the United States have developed a microchip that naturally drives molecules into nanoscale gap regions. The team fabricated arrays where aluminum ribbons overhang narrower strips of insulating crystals. When a drop of test solution is placed onto the chip and left to evaporate, surface tension creates concave profiles that concentrate molecules under the aluminum layers. The resonant frequencies within this device’s “nano-trenches” can be tuned to specific molecular targets by tweaking the array’s geometric parameters.

Published
2021
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14. Study of Optical Forces Induced by Graphene Plasmonic Resonators on Nanoparticles near Their ENZ Frequencies

Author

Peter Q. Liu and Puspita Paul

Subjects
Materials science, Graphene, business.industry, Optical force, Physics::Optics, Nanoparticle, Dielectric, law.invention, Hyperboloid model, Resonator, law, Optoelectronics, business, Refractive index, Plasmon
Abstract

We demonstrate that optical forces induced by graphene plasmonic resonators on nanoparticles of Lorentz model materials are significantly larger than forces on dielectric nanoparticles. Such optical forces also exhibit intriguing characteristics around the ENZ frequencies.

Published
2021
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16. Nano-patch Antennas Employing Liquid Gallium for High Performance SEIRAS Sensing

Author

Peter Q. Liu and Xianglong Miao

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Nano, Optoelectronics, Liquid gallium, business
Abstract

We demonstrated a high-performance SEIRAS sensor based on nano-patch antennas for sensing monolayer analyte molecules sandwiched between liquid gallium and gold nano-strips. Close to 10% molecular vibrational absorption due to monolayer 1-octadecanethiol was achieved experimentally.

Published
2021
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17. First Measurement of Λc Baryon Production in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

Jongmin Lee, R. L. Ray, Jorn Henning Putschke, R. Ma, Jaroslav Bielcik, A. V. Brandin, F. Videbæk, Y. Hu, T. Ljubicic, Takafumi Niida, O. V. Rogachevskiy, F. G. Atetalla, A. Quintero, Niseem Magdy, O. D. Tsai, H. Caines, M. Zyzak, Daniel Nemes, Jie Zhao, S. Horvat, J. W. Harris, Sujit Kumar Tripathy, Zhaoping Liu, Diana Pawlowska, P. C. Weidenkaff, N. S. Lukow, W. Q. Shen, K. Gopal, J. K. Adkins, W. Zha, Xuan Zhang, A. Francisco, D. N. Svirida, Nasim, R. Fatemi, Chong Kim, K. Yip, J. S. Wang, B. Pawlik, Todd Kinghorn, J. B. Singh, D. Tlusty, H. Liu, Sergey Voloshin, Xiaofeng Luo, Guo-Liang Ma, E. P. Sichtermann, Li Yi, K. Krueger, R. Lacey, H. G. Ritter, Xinyue Ju, Peter Q. Liu, Vitaly Okorokov, Nilay Shah, W. Guryn, P. Seyboth, David Stewart, G. Eppley, A. H. Tang, Pengdong Wang, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Lukas Holub, Bedangadas Mohanty, Justin Ewigleben, G. Odyniec, E. Hoffman, Rafal Sikora, P. Kravtsov, Fuwang Shen, Zebo Tang, I. Kisel, K. Jiang, T. G. Dedovich, Bernd Surrow, Wei Xie, N. Elsey, J. Porter, L. C. Bland, Sevil Salur, A. Jentsch, J. Fedorisin, Jan Vanek, Leszek Adamczyk, W. He, M. Kelsey, C. Zhong, J. Pluta, Z. Chang, W. B. Schmidke, M. Cherney, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, J. D. Nam, Zuojia Wang, A. Aparin, T. Ullrich, Lokesh Kumar, Hua Pei, C-Q. Li, P. Sorensen, M. S. Daugherity, Chi Yang, X. G. He, C. Perkins, Q. H. Xu, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, C. A. Gagliardi, Sedigheh Jowzaee, W. Li, V. Bairathi, Skipper Kagamaster, L. Ma, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Anju Bhasin, R. Reed, N. R. Sahoo, J. D. Brandenburg, D. G. Underwood, H. S. Xu, Z. J. Zhang, Christina Markert, Y. Panebratsev, Saehanseul Oh, D. Grosnick, Y. Xu, D. Kincses, Rene Bellwied, M. Sergeeva, N. Schmitz, B.R. Schweid, Z. Chen, H. S. Matis, Z. Zhang, Madan M. Aggarwal, Y. Hong, Fuqiang Wang, D. Isenhower, A. Pandav, J. R. Adams, Susumu Sato, E. Shahaliev, S. Choudhury, K. Kauder, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, Z. Yang, R. E. Tribble, K. Kang, J. Cheng, Y. Lin, L. V. Nogach, E. C. Aschenauer, Siwei Luo, D. Kalinkin, Zhigang Xiao, Frank Jm Geurts, S. Margetis, A. Lebedev, T. Huang, W. Solyst, N. G. Minaev, Samuel Heppelmann, M. Nie, K. N. Barish, Z. Moravcova, W. W. Jacobs, T. J. Humanic, R. Witt, K. Nayak, J. Lauret, T. Galatyuk, X. Dong, J. H. Thomas, Y. Fisyak, D. Zhang, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, N. Kulathunga Mudiyanselage, C. Zhou, R. Esha, Yevheniia Khyzhniak, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, B. J. Summa, T. Tarnowsky, Z. Tu, A. Hamed, S. Esumi, M. I. Nagy, F-H. Chang, Q. Yang, Robert Licenik, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Hiroyuki Sako, L. Fulek, P. Szymanski, Xiaoyu Liu, Yawen Wang, Tong Liu, G. Agakishiev, D. Cebra, Arghya Chatterjee, Yunlan Ji, Roland Laszlo Pinter, H. J. Crawford, S. Mioduszewski, Y. Li, B. Kimelman, R. S. Longacre, G. Wang, Zhanwen Zhu, X. Huang, A. Kechechyan, Lawrence Pinsky, S. Kabana, G. S. Averichev, E. G. Judd, D. Kapukchyan, D. Keane, A. A. Derevschikov, M. L. Kabir, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, D. Mallick, Y. H. Leung, J. Rusnak, Nikolai Smirnov, M. Csanad, Isaac Mooney, Xiangming Sun, J. Jia, Shize Yang, W. Christie, M. Kocan, P. Federic, Xiaofeng Zhu, Ying Liang, T. Nonaka, N. Herrmann, Arabinda Behera, L. Ruan, S. Lan, Yinina Ma, F. Seck, I. G. Alekseev, M. A. Lisa, Subhash Singha, Andrey Vasiliev, J. Engelage, M. Posik, Shengli Huang, Jana Bielcikova, G. Igo, S. Ramachandran, A. Ogawa, B. K. Chan, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, D. A. Morozov, H. M. Spinka, X.G. Li, G. Nigmatkulov, J. L. Romero, O. Eyser, Catherine Tomkiel, J. C. Webb, J. L. Drachenberg, Janet Elizabeth Seger, J. Butterworth, I. G. Bordyuzhin, Olga Evdokimov, M. Tokarev, I. Vassiliev, Z. Ye, Lukas Kramarik, J. M. Landgraf, N. Xu, P. Filip, D. Chen, Hengshan Qiu, R. Seto, E. Finch, Y. F. Xu, I. M. Deppner, I. Upsal, S. W. Wissink, D. Neff, Y. Zhang, M. Strikhanov, G. D. Westfall, J. A. Mazer, S. K. Radhakrishnan, Jay Roberts, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, B. S. Page, Maria Zurek, P. V. Shanmuganathan, Mariusz Przybycien, J. Sandweiss, Y. Yang, H. W. Ke, T. D. S. Stanislaus, Yicheng Feng, D. P. Kikola, L. K. Kosarzewski, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, M. U. Ashraf, C. Jena, Zubayer Ahammed, H. H. Wieman, B. Stringfellow, R. D. Majka, Q. Y. Shou, H. Z. Huang, S. Vokal, J. M. Nelson, N. K. Pruthi, R. Pak, W. J. Llope, G. Xie, J. Adam, A. Attri, C. J. Feng, P. Huo, T. Edmonds, Y. J. Sun, S. Fazio, Xuliang Chen, Maria Stefaniak, Joseph Kwasizur, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, S. S. Shi, Jing-Han Chen, Arkadiy Taranenko, Yong Wu, A. Gibson, S. Zhang, Alexander Kiselev, P. Chaloupka, Ting Lin, Z. J. Xu, S. Trentalange, and M. Chevalier

Subjects
Physics, Meson, Star (game theory), Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hadronization, Baryon, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Abstract

We report on the first measurement of the charmed baryon Λ_{c}^{±} production at midrapidity (|y

Published
2020
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18. Mid-infrared, long-wave infrared, and terahertz photonics:Introduction

Author

Anthony J. Hoffman, Ravinder K. Jain, Peter Uhd Jepsen, Miriam S. Vitiello, Dmitry Turchinovich, and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Infrared, Terahertz radiation, Electromagnetic spectrum, Detector, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Photonic metamaterial, 010309 optics, Wavelength, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

This feature issue presents recent progress in long-wavelength photonics, focusing on wavelengths that span the mid-infrared (3-50 mu m), the long-wavelength infrared (30-60 mu m), and the terahertz (60-300 mu m) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The papers in this feature issue report recent progress in the generation, manipulation, detection, and use of light across this long-wave region of the "photonics spectrum," including novel sources and cutting edge advances in detectors, long-wavelength non-linear processes, optical metamaterials and metasurfaces, and molecular spectroscopy. The range of topics covered in this feature issue provide an excellent insight into the expanding interest in long-wavelength photonics, which could open new possibilities for basic research and applications in industries that span health, environmental, and security. (C) 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

Published
2020
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19. High-performance Biomolecular Sensor Employing Nanophotonic Structures for Passively Trapping Analyte Molecules at Sensing Hotspots

Author

Yun Wu, Xianglong Miao, Peter Q. Liu, and Lingyue Yan

Subjects
Analyte, Nanostructure, Materials science, business.industry, Scanning electron microscope, Electric field, Nanophotonics, Physics::Optics, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Spectroscopy, Electron-beam lithography
Abstract

We demonstrate a high-sensitivity mid-infrared molecular absorption spectroscopy- based biomolecular sensor, which employs nanostructures for passively concentrating and trapping analyte molecules in a drying solution to photonic hotspots where optical fields are highly enhanced.

Published
2020
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20. Nanophotonic Biomolecular Sensor with Passive Molecule Trapping Functionality

Author

Yun Wu, Xianglong Miao, Lingyue Yan, and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Analyte, Materials science, Biomolecule, Molecular biophysics, Nanophotonics, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Trap (computing), chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Image sensor, 0210 nano-technology, Biosensor, Electron-beam lithography
Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a nanophotonic biomolecular sensor which can passively concentrate and trap biomolecules in a drying analyte solution to regions of device structures where the field is highly enhanced, leading to improved sensing performance.

Published
2020
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21. Electrically Tunable Terahertz Plasmonic Metasurfaces Employing Multilayer Graphene

Author

Vasili Perebeinos, Peter Q. Liu, Viacheslav Semenenko, and Geng Li

Subjects
Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, business.industry, Graphene, Terahertz radiation, Stacking, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, Conductivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 0210 nano-technology, business, Plasmon
Abstract

We demonstrate electrically tunable terahertz metasurfaces employing multilayer graphene realized by repeated transfer and stacking of monolayer graphene. Such multilayer graphene plasmonic structures exhibit significant increase of plasmonic resonance frequency compared to monolayer graphene structures.

Published
2020
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22. Quenching of Infrared-Active Optical Phonons in Nanolayers of Crystalline Materials by Graphene Surface Plasmons

Author

John L. Reno, Igal Brener, and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Materials science, Phonon, Population, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Purcell effect, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, education, Quenching, education.field_of_study, Graphene, business.industry, Surface plasmon, Anharmonicity, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Semiconductor, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Biotechnology
Abstract

Optical phonons are fundamental excitations in many solid-state materials and have crucial influences on numerous material properties. Therefore, achieving extrinsic control of optical phonon properties, such as the phonon frequency, lifetime and population, may lead to new ways of tailoring various material properties relevant to key technological applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that infrared-active optical phonons in thin (tens of nm) layers of crystalline materials such as III–V semiconductors can be significantly quenched by a monolayer graphene. The optical phonon quenching effect is attributed to the ultrafast decay of optical phonons into resonant graphene surface plasmons at a rate which is significantly higher than the intrinsic decay rate of optical phonons due to lattice anharmonicity. Our results point to a new approach to engineering optical phonon properties and potentially other related material properties. Such an approach can be applied to a wide range of materials with ...

Published
2018
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24. Observation of Excess J/ψ Yield at Very Low Transverse Momenta in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV and U+U Collisions at sNN=193 GeV

Author

Shize Yang, Kejun Kang, P. Seyboth, F. Seck, Xiaofeng Luo, M. Posik, Arka Chatterjee, Jan Vanek, Leszek Adamczyk, I. K. Yoo, Vitaly Okorokov, H. M. Spinka, Guo-Liang Ma, Xiaoyu Liu, K. Yip, L. C. Bland, G. Eppley, Zongye Zhang, I. G. Bordyuzhin, Bernd Surrow, B. J. Summa, Anik Gupta, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, Sedigheh Jowzaee, E. G. Judd, Li Yi, S. K. Radhakrishnan, L. Fulek, D. G. Underwood, Y. Li, S. Singha, N. Elsey, Frank Jm Geurts, T. Galatyuk, Q. H. Xu, N. Kulathunga Mudiyanselage, Chi Yang, Z. Chang, W. B. Schmidke, J. H. Thomas, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, J. Pluta, B.R. Schweid, J. Cheng, D. N. Svirida, N. G. Minaev, C. A. Gagliardi, Lukas Holub, Bedangadas Mohanty, P. Federic, Zubayer Ahammed, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, C. Zhou, K. Meehan, Chong Kim, H. G. Ritter, S. Ramachandran, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, Skipper Kagamaster, R. Lacey, Rafal Sikora, K. Kauder, P. Kravtsov, F-H. Chang, Q. Yang, Jaroslav Bielcik, Fuwang Shen, K. N. Barish, O. Eyser, J. A. Mazer, Jaroslav Adam, Sergey Voloshin, X. Huang, A. Kechechyan, Sumit R. Das, C. Zhong, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Margetis, Y. Panebratsev, Q. Y. Shou, L. Ma, O. V. Rogachevskiy, A. Quintero, Joseph Kwasizur, Roli Esha, Rene Bellwied, Saehanseul Oh, D. Grosnick, D. Arkhipkin, A. Hamed, Pradip Kumar Sahu, T. Nonaka, Xinyue Ju, J. Rusnak, L. V. Nogach, Nihar Sahoo, X. Dong, Peter Q. Liu, Daniel Nemes, Jie Zhao, S. Horvat, G. Wang, G. S. Averichev, W. Christie, R. Pak, M. Kocan, J. L. Drachenberg, Olga Evdokimov, M. Zyzak, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, Nasim, S. S. Shi, Zebo Tang, L. Ruan, K. Jiang, Nilay Shah, B. K. Chan, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, J. Porter, Catherine Tomkiel, Tetsuro Sugiura, I. Upsal, Robert Licenik, F. Videbæk, Sujit Kumar Tripathy, B. Huang, R. E. Tribble, Jay Roberts, Jana Bielcikova, M. Tokarev, H. Z. Huang, Yanjun Wu, S. Vokal, T. Todoroki, Y. J. Sun, E. P. Sichtermann, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, N. Herrmann, T. G. Dedovich, Jorn Henning Putschke, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Maria Zurek, Madan M. Aggarwal, A. Lipiec, Fuqiang Wang, C. Dilks, D. K. Mishra, Samuel Heppelmann, A. V. Brandin, B. Tu, S. Siejka, S. Fazio, Xuliang Chen, M. Kelsey, M. Csanad, Roland Laszlo Pinter, H. J. Crawford, W. Zha, G. Agakishiev, A. A. Derevschikov, L. Zhang, H. W. Ke, J. K. Adkins, Arabinda Behera, J. W. Harris, Yicheng Feng, D. Kalinkin, R. S. Longacre, F. G. Atetalla, K. Nayak, O. D. Tsai, S. W. Wissink, Y. Zhang, T. D. S. Stanislaus, Xiaofeng Zhu, M. Sergeeva, Ying Liang, JSingh, R. Fatemi, L. He, Vipul Bairathi, J. L. Romero, I. Vassiliev, Lukas Kramarik, Y. Hong, J. H. Chen, Todd Kinghorn, K. Krueger, ShinIchi Esumi, D. Cebra, D. Zhang, E. Finch, Zhigang Xiao, T. Huang, Andrey Vasiliev, A. Ogawa, Siwei Luo, W. Q. Shen, C. Perkins, J. Bryslawskyj, P. V. Shanmuganathan, D. Mallick, H. H. Wieman, X.G. Li, C-Q. Li, T. Edmonds, R. Witt, T. Ullrich, W. Guryn, S. Mioduszewski, P. Chaloupka, I. Kisel, P. Sorensen, A. H. Tang, H. Liu, Pengdong Wang, Christina Markert, Ting Lin, Z. J. Xu, David Stewart, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, Zhanwen Zhu, G. Igo, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, D. Smirnov, O. Rusnakova, H. S. Matis, Shengli Huang, M. Cherney, J. Fedorisin, Sevil Salur, M. M. Mondal, I. Bunzarov, S. Trentalange, O. Matonoha, J. D. Brandenburg, S. Kabana, Y. Wang, Y. Fisyak, Lokesh Kumar, Hua Pei, H. S. Xu, K. Oh, Z. Moravcova, W. W. Jacobs, J. Butterworth, J. Lauret, Janet Elizabeth Seger, J. Engelage, Justin Ewigleben, G. Odyniec, Isaac Mooney, J. Jia, N. Xu, P. Filip, Jongmin Lee, G. Nigmatkulov, T. J. Humanic, Z. Ye, A. K. Bhati, D. Keane, M. Nie, Nikolai Smirnov, B. Pawlik, Xiangming Sun, Y. F. Xu, R. L. Ray, Zhao Liu, A. Gibson, R. Ma, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, T. Tarnowsky, Yinina Ma, S. Zhang, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, P. Szymanski, I. M. Deppner, D. Kapukchyan, T. Ljubicic, G. D. Westfall, Xuan Zhang, J. M. Landgraf, Niseem Magdy, H. Caines, M. Lomnitz, Dmitry Morozov, M. Strikhanov, Anju Bhasin, Wei Li, G. Xie, R. Aoyama, Wei Xie, A. Aparin, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, N. K. Pruthi, A. J. Bassill, N. Schmitz, E. Shahaliev, T. Niida, A. Lebedev, J. C. Webb, J. Sandweiss, J. R. Adams, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R. Reed, W. Solyst, L. K. Kosarzewski, R. Seto, J. M. Nelson, W. J. Llope, I. G. Alekseev, Alexander Jentsch, M. A. Lisa, J. C. Mei, A. Attri, P. Huo, B. S. Page, D. P. Kikola, B. Stringfellow, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, Mariusz Przybycien, Y. Yang, R. D. Majka, J. Schambach, and A. Taranenko

Subjects
Physics, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Modification factor, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We report on the first measurements of J/ψ production at very low transverse momentum (p_{T}

Published
2019
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25. Polarization of Λ ( Λ¯ ) Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

D. G. Underwood, J. K. Adkins, Madan M. Aggarwal, Fuqiang Wang, D. K. Mishra, R. Fatemi, L. He, Todd Kinghorn, P. Sorensen, Nasim, J. Porter, K. Krueger, S. Fazio, Xuliang Chen, Z. Yang, J. Cheng, J. D. Brandenburg, D. Kalinkin, G. Wang, T. J. Humanic, Jorn Henning Putschke, A. V. Brandin, I. G. Alekseev, M. A. Lisa, J. C. Mei, Takafumi Niida, Vipul Bairathi, I. Kisel, Maria Stefaniak, D. Zhang, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, M. Cherney, Siwei Luo, Lokesh Kumar, F. Videbæk, Hua Pei, Yawen Wang, J. L. Drachenberg, Mariusz Przybycien, D. Tlusty, G. Eppley, Y. Yang, N. Herrmann, P. Chaloupka, Ting Lin, Z. J. Xu, Olga Evdokimov, Zhigang Xiao, S. Siejka, T. Huang, B. S. Page, L. V. Nogach, Jaroslav Bielcik, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, D. P. Kikola, Arka Chatterjee, B. K. Chan, Michal Sumbera, R. D. Majka, W. Guryn, I. Upsal, Tong Liu, S. Trentalange, A. A. P. Suaide, P. Seyboth, B. Stringfellow, B. J. Summa, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, J. Schambach, M. Tokarev, J. Pluta, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, Jay Roberts, W. Li, Catherine Tomkiel, J. H. Thomas, Anju Bhasin, G. Xie, J. C. Webb, A. J. Bassill, K. Kang, G. Agakishiev, Jongmin Lee, N. Xu, P. Filip, Skipper Kagamaster, Joseph Kwasizur, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, D. Cebra, R. L. Ray, A. Lebedev, Y. Li, S. Singha, Maria Zurek, Jan Vanek, Leszek Adamczyk, R. Seto, L. Ma, Rene Bellwied, H. W. Ke, K. Kauder, Arabinda Behera, R. Ma, F-H. Chang, Q. Yang, D. Arkhipkin, A. Hamed, L. Zhang, Q. H. Xu, O. V. Rogachevskiy, A. Quintero, M. Zyzak, ShinIchi Esumi, R. E. Tribble, Zhanwen Zhu, S. Kabana, J. Fedorisin, G. D. Westfall, T. D. S. Stanislaus, H. H. Wieman, P. Federic, Zebo Tang, Zhaoping Liu, Diana Pawlowska, Wei Xie, S. W. Wissink, Y. Zhang, M. M. Mondal, Robert Licenik, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, S. S. Shi, G. S. Averichev, Sujit Kumar Tripathy, Yicheng Feng, J. Engelage, W. Christie, Isaac Mooney, J. Jia, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, Sedigheh Jowzaee, Vitaly Okorokov, Roland Laszlo Pinter, H. J. Crawford, T. Ljubicic, Justin Ewigleben, G. Odyniec, C. Zhong, Andrey Vasiliev, G. Nigmatkulov, Bernd Surrow, Yunlan Ji, Shize Yang, B.R. Schweid, Xiaofeng Luo, X.G. Li, M. Kelsey, Guo-Liang Ma, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, B. Pawlik, Janet Elizabeth Seger, A. Aparin, Yinina Ma, H. Caines, I. M. Deppner, S. Ramachandran, M. Csanad, N. Elsey, K. N. Barish, O. Eyser, A. Gibson, Daniel Nemes, Jie Zhao, S. Horvat, F. Seck, S. Zhang, J. M. Landgraf, Li Yi, M. Lomnitz, Xiangming Sun, Jaroslav Adam, C. Jena, Zubayer Ahammed, B. Huang, I. K. Yoo, M. Posik, Z. Chang, Jing-Han Chen, M. Strikhanov, H. M. Spinka, L. K. Kosarzewski, J. Rusnak, X. Huang, C. Perkins, A. Kechechyan, W. B. Schmidke, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, E. P. Sichtermann, J. M. Nelson, M. Kocan, Xiaoyu Liu, C. A. Gagliardi, Xiaofeng Zhu, Ying Liang, P. Kravtsov, Fuwang Shen, W. J. Llope, L. Ruan, A. Lipiec, Pradip Kumar Sahu, R. S. Longacre, T. Nonaka, N. G. Minaev, W. Zha, Y. Fisyak, Sergey Voloshin, P. V. Shanmuganathan, J. Sandweiss, J. R. Adams, Alexander Jentsch, W. Solyst, K. Oh, A. A. Derevschikov, T. Todoroki, A. Ogawa, Q. Y. Shou, E. G. Judd, D. Mallick, Anik Gupta, T. Ullrich, J. W. Harris, P. Szymanski, R. Pak, Frank Jm Geurts, G. Igo, Xinyue Ju, N. Schmitz, A. Attri, E. Shahaliev, T. Galatyuk, H. Z. Huang, S. Vokal, Lukas Holub, Bedangadas Mohanty, Arkadiy Taranenko, P. Huo, J. Butterworth, Z. Ye, Tetsuro Sugiura, Y. J. Sun, N. Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, C. Dilks, C. Zhou, J. Bryslawskyj, Xuan Zhang, Zongye Zhang, R. Witt, K. Meehan, H. S. Xu, Y. F. Xu, K. Jiang, I. G. Bordyuzhin, N.R. Sahoo, R. Aoyama, A. H. Tang, S. Mioduszewski, T. G. Dedovich, Pengdong Wang, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Jasvinder A. Singh, Yanjun Wu, I. Bunzarov, O. Matonoha, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Shengli Huang, D. A. Morozov, E. C. Aschenauer, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R. Reed, S. Margetis, N. K. Pruthi, N. Kulathunga Mudiyanselage, J. A. Mazer, X. Dong, M. Sergeeva, Sumit R. Das, C-Q. Li, Christina Markert, D. Smirnov, O. Rusnakova, T. Edmonds, H. S. Matis, Y. Hong, D. Kapukchyan, Z. Moravcova, W. W. Jacobs, J. Lauret, Yevheniia Khyzhniak, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, T. Tarnowsky, Z. Tu, Jana Bielcikova, A. K. Bhati, D. Keane, J. L. Romero, I. Vassiliev, Lukas Kramarik, E. Finch, Chong Kim, H. G. Ritter, Nikolai Smirnov, Rafal Sikora, F. G. Atetalla, M. Nie, R. Esha, O. D. Tsai, S. K. Radhakrishnan, L. Fulek, W. Q. Shen, K. Gopal, L. C. Bland, H. Liu, David Stewart, Chi Yang, D. N. Svirida, Sevil Salur, Y. Panebratsev, Saehanseul Oh, D. Grosnick, Samuel Heppelmann, B. Tu, K. Yip, K. Nayak, R. Lacey, Peter Q. Liu, and Nilay Shah

Subjects
Physics, Elliptic flow, Hyperon, General Physics and Astronomy, Vorticity, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Azimuth, Interferometry, 0103 physical sciences, Quadrupole, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The Λ (Λ[over ¯]) hyperon polarization along the beam direction has been measured in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV, for the first time in heavy-ion collisions. The polarization dependence on the hyperons' emission angle relative to the elliptic flow plane exhibits a second harmonic sine modulation, indicating a quadrupole pattern of the vorticity component along the beam direction, expected due to elliptic flow. The polarization is found to increase in more peripheral collisions, and shows no strong transverse momentum (p_{T}) dependence at p_{T} greater than 1 GeV/c. The magnitude of the signal is about 5 times smaller than those predicted by hydrodynamic and multiphase transport models; the observed phase of the emission angle dependence is also opposite to these model predictions. In contrast, the kinematic vorticity calculations in the blast-wave model tuned to reproduce particle spectra, elliptic flow, and the azimuthal dependence of the Gaussian source radii measured with the Hanbury Brown-Twiss intensity interferometry technique reproduce well the modulation phase measured in the data and capture the centrality and transverse momentum dependence of the polarization signal.

Published
2019
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26. Terahertz Driven Amplification of Coherent Optical Phonons in GaAs Coupled to a Metasurface

Author

Carmine Somma, John L. Reno, Peter Q. Liu, Yuanmu Yang, Klaus Reimann, Michael Woerner, Igal Brener, and Thomas Elsaesser

Subjects
Physics, Free electron model, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Phonon, Time evolution, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Metamaterial, Electron, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Resonator, Amplitude, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

We demonstrate amplification of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons by polar-optical interaction with an electron plasma in a GaAs structure coupled to a metallic metasurface using two-color two-dimensional spectroscopy. In a novel scheme, the metamaterial resonator enhances broadband terahertz fields, which generate coherent LO phonons and drive free electrons in the conduction band of GaAs. The time evolution of the LO phonon amplitude is monitored with midinfrared pulses via the LO-phonon-induced Kerr nonlinearity of the sample, showing an amplification of the LO phonon amplitude by up to a factor of 10, in agreement with a theoretical estimate.

Published
2019
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27. Methods for a blind analysis of isobar data collected by the STAR collaboration

Author

J. K. Adkins, J. Porter, H. Z. Huang, Nasim, R. Fatemi, S. Vokal, Y. Hong, G. Xie, D. N. Svirida, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, Todd Kinghorn, K. Krueger, M. S. Daugherity, A. Pandav, M. U. Ashraf, C. Jena, Zubayer Ahammed, Y. J. Sun, Zebo Tang, J. C. Webb, M. Sergeeva, T. J. Humanic, I. Kisel, Z. J. Zhang, M. Tokarev, J. Putschke, Mate Csanad, C. J. Feng, Y. Li, Xuan Zhang, Siwei Luo, R. Seto, W. He, M. Kelsey, B. S. Page, Q. Y. Shou, N. Xu, P. Filip, M. Cherney, Xiangming Sun, D. P. Kikola, M. I. Nagy, S. Choudhury, Z. Yang, B. Stringfellow, T. Edmonds, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, S. He, Jaroslav Bielcik, D. Kapukchyan, R. Pak, Hua Pei, A. S. Nunes, I. Vassiliev, N. Kulathunga Mudiyanselage, C. Perkins, I. G. Alekseev, J. L. Drachenberg, Olga Evdokimov, Y. Hu, T. Nonaka, M. A. Lisa, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R. Reed, Wei Li, Shize Yang, I. Upsal, Wei Xie, T. D. S. Stanislaus, F. Videbæk, L. K. Kosarzewski, A. Jentsch, J. D. Nam, Tong Liu, He Xinzhong, J. M. Nelson, W. J. Llope, A. Aparin, O. V. Rogachevskiy, H. H. Wieman, A. Quintero, B. J. Summa, Maria Zurek, P. Sorensen, A. V. Brandin, J. Adam, S. Lan, F. Seck, H. W. Ke, G. Odyniec, C. Zhong, S. Harabasz, K. Kauder, S. K. Radhakrishnan, M. Zyzak, N. Schmitz, J. D. Brandenburg, Yicheng Feng, Y. Shi, M. Posik, E. Shahaliev, A. Attri, Arkadiy Taranenko, P. Huo, Frank Jm Geurts, T. Galatyuk, Y. Yu, S. Ramachandran, H. M. Spinka, C. Li, J. Engelage, O. Eyser, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, R. Witt, Z. Chen, L. V. Nogach, J. L. Romero, S. Mioduszewski, G. Nigmatkulov, K. N. Barish, Diana Pawlowska, C. Zhou, B.R. Schweid, Lukas Kramarik, Sujit Kumar Tripathy, Sanjeev Kumar, Madan M. Aggarwal, Y. He, E. Finch, Robert Licenik, Anthony Robert Timmins, Isaac Mooney, Fuqiang Wang, J. B. Singh, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Joseph Kwasizur, Susumu Sato, J. H. Thomas, Shengli Huang, D. A. Morozov, J. M. Landgraf, Xiaofeng Luo, Roland Laszlo Pinter, Takafumi Niida, Hao Qiu, W. Solyst, D. Chen, Guo-Liang Ma, X. Sun, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, Daniel Nemes, Yinina Ma, Jie Zhao, S. Horvat, M. Strikhanov, Li Yi, S. S. Shi, X. Huang, A. A. Derevschikov, A. Kechechyan, H. Caines, D. Kalinkin, F-H. Chang, Q. Yang, J. Sandweiss, Yawen Wang, Xiaoyu Liu, Sergey Voloshin, Xinyue Ju, G. Agakishiev, P. Kravtsov, K. Jiang, D. Cebra, D. Zhang, Jing-Han Chen, Zhanwen Zhu, Yanjun Wu, S. Fazio, Xuliang Chen, T. G. Dedovich, A. Hamed, S. Esumi, Maria Stefaniak, G. S. Averichev, W. Zha, Vitaly Okorokov, J. R. Adams, R. Lacey, Bernd Surrow, N. Elsey, Alexander Kiselev, D. G. Underwood, Z. Chang, D. Kincses, W. B. Schmidke, X. Gou, C. A. Gagliardi, Gary Westfall, E. G. Judd, J. Chen, J. Jia, V. Bairathi, Peter Q. Liu, Nilay Shah, Lokesh Kumar, Lawrence Pinsky, Lukas Holub, Bedangadas Mohanty, D. Tlusty, A. Ewigleben, A. Francisco, G. Eppley, K. Yip, J. S. Wang, A. I. Sheikh, W. Guryn, J. Pluta, P. Chaloupka, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, Skipper Kagamaster, L. Ma, Y. Xu, Ting Lin, Z. J. Xu, R. E. Tribble, Y. Lin, J. Fedorisin, Z. Liu, Yunlan Ji, S. Trentalange, Y. H. Leung, W. Christie, B. Pawlik, Subhash Singha, Andrey Vasiliev, A. Gibson, B. K. Chan, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, S. Zhang, Catherine Tomkiel, Hank Crawford, X.G. Li, S. W. Wissink, D. Neff, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Y. Zhang, I. M. Deppner, Anju Bhasin, P. V. Shanmuganathan, Z. Zhang, K. Kang, Arabinda Behera, A. Lebedev, L. Adamczyk, N. K. Pruthi, L. C. Bland, Y. F. Xu, S. Kabana, R. S. Longacre, Chi Yang, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, M. L. Kabir, Sedigheh Jowzaee, Arghya Chatterjee, D. Mallick, G. Igo, J. Butterworth, M. Nie, Z. Ye, N. G. Minaev, F. Liu, Zuojia Wang, Miroslav Simko, Mariusz Przybycien, Q. H. Xu, X. Chu, Y. Yang, P. Seyboth, J. W. Harris, R. D. Majka, N. S. Lukow, Jan Vanek, Hiroyuki Sako, L. Fulek, Chi Zhang, Chong Kim, A. H. Tang, Pengdong Wang, H. G. Ritter, P. Federic, Jianping Cheng, N. R. Sahoo, E. Hoffman, Rafal Sikora, R. Bellwied, Xiaofeng Zhu, Ying Liang, G. Wang, A. Ogawa, N. Herrmann, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. A. Mazer, Y. Fisyak, Christina Markert, H. S. Matis, Z. Moravcova, W. W. Jacobs, J. Lauret, P. Szymanski, Yevheniia Khyzhniak, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, T. Tarnowsky, Z. Tu, Zhigang Xiao, T. Huang, M. Chevalier, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, Y. Panebratsev, D. Grosnick, Jongmin Lee, R. L. Ray, B. Kimelman, R. Ma, D. Isenhower, J. Rusnak, M. Kocan, L. Ruan, T. Ljubicic, Samuel Heppelmann, Jana Bielcikova, K. Nayak, Niseem Magdy, F. G. Atetalla, O. D. Tsai, E. P. Sichtermann, Seongshik Oh, P. C. Weidenkaff, W. Q. Shen, K. Gopal, T. Ullrich, H. S. Xu, H. Liu, David Stewart, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Margetis, X. Dong, Sevil Salur, D. Keane, and Nikolai Smirnov

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star (game theory), Order (ring theory), FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Combinatorics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Reference sample, 0103 physical sciences, Isobar, Magnetic effect, Experimental methods, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

In 2018, the STAR collaboration collected data from $$_{44}^{96}{\mathrm{Ru}}+_{44}^{96}{\mathrm{Ru}}$$ and $$_{40}^{96}{\mathrm{Zr}}+_{40}^{96}{\mathrm{Zr}}$$ at $$\sqrt{s_\text {NN}}=200$$ GeV to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei. The isobar collision species alternated frequently between $$_{44}^{96}{\mathrm{Ru}}+_{44}^{96}{\mathrm{Ru}}$$ and $$_{40}^{96}{\mathrm{Zr}}+_{40}^{96}{\mathrm{Zr}}$$ . In order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data, STAR developed a three-step blind analysis procedure. Analysts are initially provided a “reference sample” of data, comprised of a mix of events from the two species, the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run conditions. After tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample, analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual $$\approx 30$$ -min data-taking runs. For this sample, species-specific information is disguised, but individual output files contain data from a single isobar species. Only run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this stage. Following these modifications, the “frozen” code is passed over the fully un-blind data, completing the blind analysis. As a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure, analysts completed a “mock data challenge,” analyzing data from $${\mathrm{Au}}+{\mathrm{Au}}$$ collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\text {NN}}=27$$ GeV, collected in 2018. The $${\mathrm{Au}}+{\mathrm{Au}}$$ data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind data. The details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.

Published
2019
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28. Graphene–Metamaterial Photodetectors for Integrated Infrared Sensing

Author

Peter Q. Liu, Penglei Li, Isaac J. Luxmoore, Geoffrey R. Nash, and Jérôme Faist

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Graphene, Detector, Photodetector, Metamaterial, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Split-ring resonator, Responsivity, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Biotechnology
Abstract

In this work we study metamaterial-enhanced graphene photodetectors operating in the mid-IR to THz. The detector element consists of a graphene ribbon embedded within a dual-metal split ring resonator, which acts like a cavity to enhance the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the graphene ribbon, while the asymmetric metal contacts enable photothermoelectric detection. Detectors designed for the mid-IR demonstrate peak responsivity (referenced to total power) of ∼120 mV/W at 1500 cm–1 and are employed in the spectroscopic evaluation of vibrational resonances, thus demonstrating a key step toward a platform for integrated surface-enhanced sensing.

Published
2016
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29. Low- pT e+e− Pair Production in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV and U+U Collisions at sNN=193 GeV at STAR

Author

Xiaofeng Luo, Arka Chatterjee, Guo-Liang Ma, Li Yi, Xiangming Sun, J. K. Adkins, R. Fatemi, L. He, Jongmin Lee, R. L. Ray, Shaji Kumar, Todd Kinghorn, K. Krueger, R. Ma, A. S. Hirsch, Zongye Zhang, Vitaly Okorokov, Y. Guo, Y. Li, S. Singha, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, A. K. Bhati, D. Keane, P. Kravtsov, Fuwang Shen, A. M. Schmah, I. Kisel, Bernd Surrow, I. G. Bordyuzhin, T. Ljubicic, I. G. Alekseev, N. K. Pruthi, Nikolai Smirnov, J. Bryslawskyj, M. A. Lisa, J. C. Mei, Xuan Zhang, Niseem Magdy, H. Caines, M. Lomnitz, N. Elsey, D. Mayes, L. G. Efimov, J. L. Drachenberg, M. Cherney, Lokesh Kumar, R. Aoyama, Z. Chang, Hua Pei, W. B. Schmidke, G. Eppley, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Q. H. Xu, Nasim, P. Federic, S. K. Tripathy, J. A. Mazer, Justin Ewigleben, G. Odyniec, C. A. Gagliardi, J. Xu, J. Lidrych, Olga Evdokimov, J. Pluta, J. R. Adams, W. Solyst, H. Z. Huang, G. Agakishiev, D. S. Gunarathne, D. Cebra, S. Vokal, Shize Yang, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, W. Li, A. Taranenko, Zhanwen Zhu, I. K. Yoo, C. Zhong, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Kabana, S. Margetis, Anik Gupta, G. Wang, B.R. Schweid, X. Dong, R. Reed, Giacomo Contin, L. Ma, F. Seck, Madan M. Aggarwal, Fuqiang Wang, Rene Bellwied, F. Videbæk, M. Posik, D. K. Mishra, Zhigang Xiao, T. Huang, Jay Roberts, Z. Ye, J. H. Chen, Jaroslav Adam, H. M. Spinka, Frank Jm Geurts, T. Galatyuk, R. E. Tribble, Nihar Sahoo, C. E. Flores, E. G. Judd, Anju Bhasin, Y. Panebratsev, Saehanseul Oh, Maowu Nie, D. Kalinkin, E. P. Sichtermann, P. Federicova, D. Grosnick, D. A. Morozov, X. Huang, A. Kechechyan, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, Xiaofeng Zhu, Ying Liang, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, G. Xie, B. Huang, T. Ullrich, N. G. Minaev, R. Lacey, Pradip Kumar Sahu, L. Zhang, H. W. Ke, P. Sorensen, A. J. Bassill, A. Ogawa, Anthony Robert Timmins, J. H. Thomas, B. Pawlik, A. Vossen, Michal Sumbera, N.N. Ajitanand, S. Heppelmann, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, N. Herrmann, S. Siejka, R. S. Longacre, B. J. Summa, L. P. Zhou, A. Gibson, F-H. Chang, Q. Yang, T. Niida, Yu-Gang Ma, Catherine Tomkiel, H. J. Crawford, P. V. Shanmuganathan, C. Zhou, K. Meehan, C-Q. Li, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, G. S. Averichev, S. Esumi, S. H. Zhang, N. Kulathunga, N. Xu, P. Filip, B. Tu, S. W. Wissink, D. Mallick, J. Engelage, Peter Q. Liu, J. Kvapil, Y. Zhang, A. Lebedev, G. D. Westfall, J. Porter, Christina Markert, D. Smirnov, O. Rusnakova, S. Ramachandran, H. S. Matis, O. Eyser, M. Tokarev, Yang Yang, J. M. Nelson, S. K. Radhakrishnan, G. Nigmatkulov, W. J. Llope, L. Fulek, G. Igo, Y. Wang, F. G. Atetalla, L. K. Kosarzewski, Y. Fisyak, D. L. Olvitt, Nilay Shah, Zubayer Ahammed, W. W. Jacobs, O. D. Tsai, J. Lauret, Jaroslav Bielcik, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, L. Krauth, K. Oh, Alexander Jentsch, Zebo Tang, James Brandenburg, K. Yip, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, T. Tarnowsky, D. Arkhipkin, A. Hamed, J. Butterworth, J. M. Landgraf, Lukas Holub, Bedangadas Mohanty, P. Szymanski, K. Kauder, A. Attri, K. N. Barish, P. Seyboth, M. Strikhanov, Y. F. Xu, P. Huo, Q. Y. Shou, W. Q. Shen, Xiang Sun, Chong Kim, Jan Vanek, Leszek Adamczyk, C. Perkins, R. Pak, O. V. Rogachevskiy, J. Rusnak, A. F. Kraishan, S. R. Klein, Jorn Henning Putschke, A. Quintero, A. V. Brandin, P. Chaloupka, T. D. S. Stanislaus, Ting Lin, Z. J. Xu, J. Sandweiss, H. Liu, L. Ruan, M. Zyzak, S. Trentalange, Vipul Bairathi, David Stewart, H. G. Ritter, H. H. Wieman, R. Witt, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, S. Mioduszewski, Sevil Salur, Arabinda Behera, David Brown, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, A. A. Derevschikov, Sedigheh Jowzaee, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Rafal Sikora, F. Liu, Shengli Huang, J. W. Harris, Miroslav Simko, Mariusz Przybycien, A. H. Tang, I. Bunzarov, O. Matonoha, J. C. Webb, L. C. Bland, R. D. Majka, R. Seto, J. Schambach, Chi Yang, W. Christie, D. N. Svirida, Andrey Vasiliev, X.G. Li, Janet Elizabeth Seger, I. M. Deppner, T. J. Humanic, B. S. Page, D. P. Kikola, B. Stringfellow, Isaac Upsal, Jana Bielcikova, Tetsuro Sugiura, J. L. Romero, I. Vassiliev, Lukas Kramarik, Y. J. Sun, C. Dilks, E. Finch, Xuedong Bai, D. Kapukchyan, D. G. Underwood, T. Nonaka, Wei Xie, A. Aparin, J. D. Negrete, N. Schmitz, J. Cheng, E. Shahaliev, Roli Esha, Daniel Nemes, Jie Zhao, S. Horvat, J. Y. Zhang, A. Lipiec, W. Zha, N. Yu, Kejun Kang, L. V. Nogach, A. Harlenderova, Sumit R. Das, W. Guryn, J. Fedorisin, M. M. Mondal, S. B. Nurushev, J. M. Campbell, Joseph Kwasizur, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, T. G. Dedovich, S. S. Shi, S. Fazio, Xuliang Chen, Siwei Luo, Isaac Mooney, J. Jia, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, Sergey Voloshin, K. Jiang, Yanjun Wu, and M. Sergeeva

Subjects
Physics, Spectral representation, Pair production, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Chatterjee, General Physics and Astronomy, Star (graph theory), 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Mathematical physics
Abstract

Author(s): Adam, J; Adamczyk, L; Adams, JR; Adkins, JK; Agakishiev, G; Aggarwal, MM; Ahammed, Z; Ajitanand, NN; Alekseev, I; Anderson, DM; Aoyama, R; Aparin, A; Arkhipkin, D; Aschenauer, EC; Ashraf, MU; Atetalla, F; Attri, A; Averichev, GS; Bai, X; Bairathi, V; Barish, K; Bassill, AJ; Behera, A; Bellwied, R; Bhasin, A; Bhati, AK; Bielcik, J; Bielcikova, J; Bland, LC; Bordyuzhin, IG; Brandenburg, JD; Brandin, AV; Brown, D; Bryslawskyj, J; Bunzarov, I; Butterworth, J; Caines, H; Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M; Campbell, JM; Cebra, D; Chakaberia, I; Chaloupka, P; Chang, F-H; Chang, Z; Chankova-Bunzarova, N; Chatterjee, A; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, JH; Chen, X; Chen, X; Cheng, J; Cherney, M; Christie, W; Contin, G; Crawford, HJ; Das, S; Dedovich, TG; Deppner, IM; Derevschikov, AA; Didenko, L; Dilks, C; Dong, X; Drachenberg, JL; Dunlop, JC; Efimov, LG; Elsey, N; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Esha, R; Esumi, S; Evdokimov, O; Ewigleben, J; Eyser, O; Fatemi, R; Fazio, S; Federic, P; Federicova, P; Fedorisin, J; Filip, P; Finch, E; Fisyak, Y; Flores, CE; Fulek, L; Gagliardi, CA; Galatyuk, T | Abstract: We report first measurements of e^{+}e^{-} pair production in the mass region 0.4

Published
2018
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30. Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=7.7 , 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV

Author

Jana Bielcikova, J. L. Romero, J. Engelage, David Brown, Zebo Tang, E. Finch, T. Kollegger, G. Nigmatkulov, Xuedong Bai, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, N. Kulathunga, N. Xu, P. Filip, Mariusz Przybycien, B. Pawlik, D. G. Underwood, A. Gibson, J. M. Landgraf, K. Yip, Q. Yang, J. K. Adkins, R. Fatemi, L. He, Z. Chang, Shize Yang, G. D. Westfall, Jun Deng, C. Perkins, M. Strikhanov, M. Posik, H. M. Spinka, T. J. Humanic, A. K. Bhati, D. Keane, James Brandenburg, J. Fujita, K. N. Barish, K. Krueger, R. D. Majka, J. Cheng, R. S. Longacre, B.R. Schweid, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, Michal Sumbera, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, I. Kisel, C. Zhong, E. C. Aschenauer, Nikolai Smirnov, Xiaofeng Zhu, J. Schambach, L. G. Efimov, J. Sandweiss, Nasim, Anik Gupta, J. L. Drachenberg, Z. Ye, Justin Ewigleben, J. M. Campbell, S. W. Wissink, Sergey Voloshin, J. W. Harris, G. Odyniec, W. Christie, L. C. Bland, S. Margetis, A. Ogawa, T. K. Nayak, P. V. Shanmuganathan, Olga Evdokimov, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, M. Cherney, Lokesh Kumar, Jorn Henning Putschke, A. A.P. Suaide, D. Mallick, A. V. Brandin, Frank Jm Geurts, Maowu Nie, D. L. Olvitt, E. Sangaline, D. Arkhipkin, B. S. Page, Y. Zhang, Andrey Vasiliev, Hua Pei, X. Huang, A. Kechechyan, S. K. Tripathy, X. Dong, D. Kapukchyan, A. Hamed, T. G. Dedovich, G. Igo, M. Kocmanek, Jay Roberts, D. P. Kikola, Roli Esha, A. H. Tang, B. Stringfellow, Vipul Bairathi, Zhigang Xiao, T. Huang, K. Jiang, X.G. Li, Zongye Zhang, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, N. G. Minaev, Janet Elizabeth Seger, J. Porter, Pradip Kumar Sahu, E. P. Sichtermann, J. Bouchet, L. Krauth, Jie Zhao, T. Lin, S. Horvat, K. Poniatowska, Giacomo Contin, C. Zhou, K. Meehan, I. Bunzarov, H. W. Ke, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, Chi Yang, Y. Panebratsev, D. Grosnick, T. Nonaka, Z. H. Khan, Y. Guo, I. G. Bordyuzhin, Lisa, Yanjun Wu, P. Seyboth, J. H. Thomas, S. Mizuno, J. Rusnak, Arka Chatterjee, Xiangming Sun, K. D. Landry, J. Butterworth, Nihar Sahoo, X. C. Chen, W. Zha, D. N. Svirida, Wei Xie, L. P. Zhou, S. H. Zhang, Anju Bhasin, T. Ullrich, R. Lacey, A. F. Kraishan, S. B. Nurushev, P. Bhattarai, G. S. Averichev, Isaac Upsal, Sedigheh Jowzaee, Y. F. Xu, M. K. Mustafa, L. Ruan, S. Fazio, I. K. Yoo, F. Videbæk, G. Webb, Y. Li, S. Singha, Q. H. Xu, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, M. Sergeeva, T. Todoroki, A. Aparin, T. Niida, A. Lebedev, Samuel Heppelmann, J. Xu, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, H. J. Crawford, Leszek Adamczyk, Jongmin Lee, Z. Shi, R. L. Ray, A. A. Derevschikov, Tetsuro Sugiura, R. Ma, M. Tokarev, Yang Yang, A. Harlenderova, W. Guryn, Y. Pandit, N. Schmitz, E. Shahaliev, J. R. Adams, W. Solyst, Siwei Luo, P. Federic, P. Chaloupka, R. Witt, S. Mioduszewski, C-Q. Li, Z. J. Xu, M. J. Rehbein, Christina Markert, Y. J. Sun, C. Dilks, Peter Q. Liu, J. Kvapil, Z. W. Miller, L. Yi, M. Saur, O. D. Tsai, Z. Feng, J. Fedorisin, T. Ljubicic, D. Smirnov, O. Rusnakova, H. S. Matis, J. Bryslawskyj, S. Trentalange, Madan M. Aggarwal, John Z. H. Zhang, I. G. Alekseev, P. Federicova, C. E. Flores, E. G. Judd, Xiaofeng Luo, Nilay Shah, J. C. Mei, N. K. Pruthi, K. Kauder, T. D. S. Stanislaus, M. M. Mondal, Niseem Magdy, H. Caines, Chong Kim, B. Huang, Guo-Liang Ma, M. Lomnitz, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, L. K. Kosarzewski, W. W. Jacobs, G. Eppley, Fuqiang Wang, W. Q. Shen, D. Tlusty, H. H. Wieman, J. Thäder, D. K. Mishra, Bedangadas Mohanty, J. Pluta, A. S. Hirsch, P. Kravtsov, H. G. Ritter, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, W. Li, Arabinda Behera, P. Sorensen, J. Lauret, Jiangyong Jia, A. M. Schmah, Xiang Sun, M. R. Girard, J. D. Roth, Rene Bellwied, N. Yu, J. Lidrych, Joseph Kwasizur, H. Liu, R. E. Tribble, Kejun Kang, L. V. Nogach, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, D. Kalinkin, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, T. Tarnowsky, Y. Wang, Rafal Sikora, Sumit R. Das, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, J. C. Webb, Y. Fisyak, Lin Ma, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, K. Oh, R. Seto, Yinina Ma, G. Wang, Sevil Salur, Zubayer Ahammed, A. Vossen, S. S. Shi, G. Agakishiev, D. S. Gunarathne, D. Cebra, A. Taranenko, Zhanwen Zhu, S. Esumi, S. Kabana, Q. Y. Shou, Jaroslav Bielcik, R. Pak, M. J. Skoby, L. Fulek, O. V. Rogachevskiy, A. Quintero, M. Zyzak, Vitaly Okorokov, Bernd Surrow, N. Elsey, H. Z. Huang, S. Vokal, W. B. Schmidke, C. A. Gagliardi, J. H. Chen, D. A. Morozov, N.N. Ajitanand, B. J. Summa, J. B. Zhang, J. E. Draper, S. Ramachandran, O. Eyser, Guannan Xie, Xuan Zhang, R. Aoyama, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, R. Reed, J. M. Nelson, W. J. Llope, Alexander Jentsch, A. Attri, and P. Huo

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Pion, Antiproton, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Impact parameter, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Jet quenching, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We report measurements of the nuclear modification factor R_{CP} for charged hadrons as well as identified π^{+(-)}, K^{+(-)}, and p(p[over ¯]) for Au+Au collision energies of sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV. We observe a clear high-p_{T} net suppression in central collisions at 62.4 GeV for charged hadrons which evolves smoothly to a large net enhancement at lower energies. This trend is driven by the evolution of the pion spectra but is also very similar for the kaon spectra. While the magnitude of the proton R_{CP} at high p_{T} does depend on the collision energy, neither the proton nor the antiproton R_{CP} at high p_{T} exhibit net suppression at any energy. A study of how the binary collision-scaled high-p_{T} yield evolves with centrality reveals a nonmonotonic shape that is consistent with the idea that jet quenching is increasing faster than the combined phenomena that lead to enhancement.

Published
2018
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31. Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow ofΛ,Λ¯,K±,Ks0, andϕinAu+AuCollisions

Author

J. M. Nelson, Arka Chatterjee, W. J. Llope, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, T. J. Humanic, N. Kulathunga, N. Xu, P. Filip, M. K. Mustafa, Sergey Voloshin, Y. Li, S. Singha, Xiangming Sun, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, Alexander Jentsch, C-Q. Li, P. Pile, G. D. Westfall, D. L. Olvitt, K. Jiang, M. J. Rehbein, Christina Markert, D. Smirnov, O. Rusnakova, A. Attri, P. Federic, H. S. Matis, Hao Qiu, Yanjun Wu, Jun Deng, P. Huo, B. S. Page, J. Y. Zhang, N. Yu, D. P. Kikola, L. K. Kosarzewski, Kejun Kang, L. V. Nogach, B. Stringfellow, Sumit R. Das, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, W. W. Jacobs, Joseph Kwasizur, N. K. Pruthi, David Brown, T. Kollegger, J. Lauret, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, M. Sergeeva, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, Mariusz Przybycien, Nasim, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, P. Seyboth, G. Eppley, T. Tarnowsky, S. Mizuno, S. S. Shi, J. M. Campbell, K. Kauder, T. G. Dedovich, F. Videbæk, G. Webb, Siwei Luo, J. Pluta, Leszek Adamczyk, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Jorn Henning Putschke, A. V. Brandin, J. Rusnak, D. Kapukchyan, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, W. Li, A. F. Kraishan, L. Ruan, J. D. Roth, R. D. Majka, Z. W. Miller, N.N. Ajitanand, S. Heppelmann, T. Todoroki, B. J. Summa, M. R. Girard, Guannan Xie, J. C. Webb, Xuan Zhang, Arabinda Behera, Rene Bellwied, R. Aoyama, R. Witt, R. E. Tribble, J. Schambach, R. Seto, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Madan M. Aggarwal, J. W. Harris, J. Jia, D. Tlusty, S. Mioduszewski, W. Christie, Z. Feng, Xiaofeng Zhu, T. Nonaka, Wei Xie, A. Aparin, Xiaofeng Luo, Yinina Ma, Zhigang Xiao, T. Huang, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, Roli Esha, P. Bhattarai, Isaac Upsal, Vipul Bairathi, James Brandenburg, J. Fujita, Guo-Liang Ma, R. Reed, Jie Zhao, T. Lin, S. Horvat, K. N. Barish, N. G. Minaev, Andrey Vasiliev, A. Ogawa, S. B. Nurushev, Mukesh Sharma, G. Wang, J. B. Zhang, Y. Pandit, Fuqiang Wang, S. Fazio, Xuliang Chen, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, J. E. Draper, X.G. Li, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Zongye Zhang, Y. Guo, I. G. Bordyuzhin, M. J. Skoby, N. Schmitz, D. K. Mishra, E. Shahaliev, A. H. Tang, L. E. Dunkelberger, A. S. Hirsch, I. Bunzarov, Z. H. Khan, W. Zha, Janet Elizabeth Seger, P. Kravtsov, A. K. Bhati, A. M. Schmah, L. Fulek, R. Lacey, S. Ramachandran, B.R. Schweid, Tetsuro Sugiura, Y. J. Sun, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, Anju Bhasin, A. A. Derevschikov, Jana Bielcikova, O. Eyser, Sedigheh Jowzaee, D. Keane, J. L. Romero, C. Dilks, S. W. Wissink, J. Thäder, D. Kalinkin, J. Engelage, Y. Zhang, T. Niida, A. Lebedev, Nikolai Smirnov, G. Nigmatkulov, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, L. Yi, Y. Wang, Y. Fisyak, P. Sorensen, Lin Ma, D. G. Underwood, E. Finch, Z. Shi, K. Oh, M. Saur, Peter Q. Liu, J. Kvapil, Xuedong Bai, Q. Yang, L. G. Efimov, J. M. Landgraf, Zubayer Ahammed, Nilay Shah, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, Chong Kim, Z. Ye, A. Vossen, M. Strikhanov, J. Cheng, T. K. Nayak, K. Yip, H. G. Ritter, Bedangadas Mohanty, J. Sandweiss, H. Z. Huang, S. Vokal, L. C. De Silva, Maowu Nie, Q. Y. Shou, X. Huang, M. Kocmanek, A. Harlenderova, Rafal Sikora, A. Kechechyan, R. Pak, J. L. Drachenberg, Olga Evdokimov, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, W. Guryn, L. C. Bland, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Y. Panebratsev, D. Grosnick, J. Fedorisin, M. M. Mondal, S. Esumi, Jay Roberts, Anik Gupta, J. H. Chen, Chi Yang, D. N. Svirida, Jaroslav Bielcik, I. K. Yoo, M. Tokarev, Yang Yang, H. W. Ke, Frank Jm Geurts, D. A. Morozov, O. V. Rogachevskiy, A. Quintero, C. E. Flores, E. G. Judd, M. Zyzak, T. D. S. Stanislaus, H. H. Wieman, Vitaly Okorokov, Bernd Surrow, N. Elsey, C. Zhou, W. B. Schmidke, C. A. Gagliardi, K. Meehan, O. D. Tsai, A. Sharma, L. Song, W. Q. Shen, Xiang Sun, Zebo Tang, H. Liu, D. Garand, Sevil Salur, C. Perkins, R. S. Longacre, P. V. Shanmuganathan, D. Mallick, G. Igo, J. Bouchet, L. Krauth, Jongmin Lee, R. L. Ray, K. D. Landry, R. Ma, J. Butterworth, Y. F. Xu, Q. H. Xu, T. Ljubicic, J. Xu, Niseem Magdy, H. Caines, M. Lomnitz, P. Federicova, B. Huang, Justin Ewigleben, G. Odyniec, C. Zhong, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Margetis, X. Dong, E. P. Sichtermann, T. Ullrich, J. R. Adams, W. Solyst, J. Lidrych, G. Agakishiev, D. S. Gunarathne, D. Cebra, A. Taranenko, Zhanwen Zhu, S. Kabana, I. G. Alekseev, M. A. Lisa, J. C. Mei, Z. Chang, Shize Yang, M. Posik, H. M. Spinka, J. K. Adkins, R. Fatemi, L. He, J. H. Thomas, K. Krueger, L. P. Zhou, I. Kisel, M. Cherney, Lokesh Kumar, Hua Pei, S. K. Tripathy, K. Poniatowska, S. K. Gupta, Giacomo Contin, G. S. Averichev, Nihar Sahoo, J. Porter, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, H. J. Crawford, B. Pawlik, A. Gibson, S. Zhang, P. Chaloupka, Z. J. Xu, S. Trentalange, D. Arkhipkin, and A. Hamed

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Quark, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sum rule in quantum mechanics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Abstract

Rapidity-odd directed-flow measurements at midrapidity are presented for Λ, Λ[over ¯], K^{±}, K_{s}^{0}, and ϕ at sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV in Au+Au collisions recorded by the Solenoidal Tracker detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements greatly expand the scope of data available to constrain models with differing prescriptions for the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics. Results show good sensitivity for testing a picture where flow is assumed to be imposed before hadron formation and the observed particles are assumed to form via coalescence of constituent quarks. The pattern of departure from a coalescence-inspired sum rule can be a valuable new tool for probing the collision dynamics.

Published
2018
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32. Graphene Anti-dot Arrays with Self-aligned Gold Disks for Enhanced Excitation of Terahertz Surface Plasmons

Author

Peter Q. Liu, Licheng Xiao, Xianglong Miao, and Geng Li

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Graphene, Surface plasmon, Ray, law.invention, Modulation, law, Electric field, Optoelectronics, business, Plasmon, Excitation
Abstract

A periodic graphene anti-dot array integrated with self-aligned gold disks for enhancing interactions between terahertz graphene surface plasmons and incident light is demonstrated. Experimental results show enhancement of the resonant transmission modulation by ∼3 times.

Published
2018
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33. Magnetoplasmonic enhancement of Faraday rotation in patterned graphene metasurfaces

Author

Alba Centeno, Jérôme Faist, Clara F. Moldovan, Amaia Zurutuza, Jean-Marie Poumirol, Luis Martín-Moreno, T. M. Slipchenko, Alexey B. Kuzmenko, Michele Tamagnone, Adrian M. Ionescu, Hamed Hasani, Peter Q. Liu, Juan R. Mosig, European Commission, Swiss National Science Foundation, and Hasler Foundation

Subjects
Terahertz radiation, Cyclotron resonance, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, ddc:500.2, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Faraday effect, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Graphene, Biasing, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Magnetic field, symbols, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Faraday rotation is a fundamental property present in all nonreciprocal optical elements. In the THz range, graphene displays strong Faraday rotation; unfortunately, it is limited to frequencies below the cyclotron resonance. Here, we show experimentally that in specifically designed metasurfaces, magnetoplasmons can be used to circumvent this limitation. We find excellent agreement between theory and experiment and provide physical insights and predictions on these phenomena. Finally, we demonstrate strong tunability in these metasurfaces using electric and magnetic field biasing., This work has been financially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under GrantsNo. 133583 and No. 168545, the Hasler Foundation under Project No. 11149, and the European Commission under Graphene Flagship (Contract No. CNECT-ICT-604391).

Published
2018

35. Electrically controlled terahertz magneto-optical phenomena in continuous and patterned graphene

Author

Alexey Y. Nikitin, Luis Martín-Moreno, T. M. Slipchenko, Peter Q. Liu, Alexey B. Kuzmenko, Jérôme Faist, Jean-Marie Poumirol, European Commission, European Research Council, Swiss National Science Foundation, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)

Subjects
Materials science, Terahertz radiation, Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, ddc:500.2, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, symbols.namesake, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Faraday effect, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Multidisciplinary, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Magnetic circular dichroism, Graphene, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), 3. Good health, Magnetic field, T-symmetry, symbols, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The magnetic circular dichroism and the Faraday rotation are the fundamental phenomena of great practical importance arising from the breaking of the time reversal symmetry by a magnetic field. In most materials, the strength and the sign of these effects can be only controlled by the field value and its orientation. Furthermore, the terahertz range is lacking materials having the ability to affect the polarization state of the light in a non-reciprocal manner. Here we demonstrate, using broadband terahertz magneto-electro-optical spectroscopy, that in graphene both the magnetic circular dichroism and the Faraday rotation can be modulated in intensity, tuned in frequency and, importantly, inverted using only electrostatic doping at a fixed magnetic field. In addition, we observe strong magneto-plasmonic resonances in a patterned array of graphene antidots, which potentially allows exploiting these magneto-optical phenomena in a broad THz range., This research was supported by the EU Graphene Flagship (Contract No. CNECT-ICT-604391 and 696656) and by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 200020-156615). A.Y.N., T.M.S. and L.M.-M. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects MAT2014-53432-C5-1-R and MAT2014-53432-C5-4-R). J.F. acknowledges the ERC Grant ‘MUSIC’.

Published
2017
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36. Graphene-induced Strong Quenching of Optical Phonons in III-V Semiconductor Heterostructures

Author

Igal Brener, John L. Reno, and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Quenching, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, Graphene, Phonon, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Monolayer graphene, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Semiconductor, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Thin metal, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Semiconductor heterostructures
Abstract

We demonstrate that monolayer graphene transferred onto III-V semiconductor heterostructures induces strong quenching of the optical phonons in III-V semiconductor epilayers. Such graphene-induced optical phonon quenching is even stronger than that of thin metal films.

Published
2017
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37. Terahertz driven amplification of coherent optical phonons in GaAs coupled to metallic dog-bone resonators

Author

John L. Reno, Igal Brener, Yuanmu Yang, Carmine Somma, Klaus Reimann, Peter Q. Liu, Thomas Elsaesser, and Michael Woerner

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, Condensed Matter::Other, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Phonon, Physics, QC1-999, Physics::Medical Physics, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Terahertz spectroscopy and technology, Metal, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Resonator, visual_art, Electron current, 0103 physical sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

Two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy on an AlAs/GaAs nanostructure covered by field-enhancing dog-bone resonators shows signatures of coherent optical phonon amplification. Amplification is due to stimulated phonon emission by a terahertz-driven electron current.

Published
2019
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38. Femtosecond Carrier Dynamics and Nonlinear Effects in Quantum Cascade Lasers

Author

Anthony M. Johnson, E. Lalanne, Sheng Liu, Claire F. Gmachl, Peter Q. Liu, and Xiaojun Wang

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Second-harmonic generation, Nonlinear optics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optical pumping, law, Picosecond, Femtosecond, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Quantum cascade laser, Ultrashort pulse, Quantum tunnelling
Abstract

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are complicated unipolar semiconductor devices based on intersubband transitions and resonant tunneling. In this study, femtosecond mid-infrared (Mid-IR) pulses are employed to investigate the nature of carrier transport through the active and injector regions of a room temperature, pulse biased ultrastrong coupling design QCL. Despite the low average power (

Published
2012
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39. Short Injector Quantum Cascade Lasers

Author

Matthew D. Escarra, Anthony J. Hoffman, James Raftery, Yu Yao, Yamac Dikmelik, Jacob B. Khurgin, Claire F. Gmachl, Jen-Yu Fan, Scott S. Howard, Kale J. Franz, Xiaojun Wang, and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Injector, Heat sink, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, law, Cascade, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic physics, Quantum cascade laser, business, Current density, Quantum well
Abstract

We report our study on the effects of shortened quantum cascade (QC) laser injector regions. While conventional short-wavelength QC lasers typically have around seven or more injector region quantum wells, we investigate QC structures with three and two injector wells. Improvements in threshold currents, output powers, and wall-plug efficiencies are expected for fundamental reasons. At heat sink temperatures near 80 K, we observe threshold current densities less than 0.5 kA/cm2, nearly 4 W peak output power, and wall-plug efficiencies in excess of 20%. At room temperature, we see threshold current densities around 2.3 kA/cm2, output powers in excess of 1 W, and wall-plug efficiencies around 7.6%. We also observe new effects in midinfrared QC lasers, such as a pronounced negative differential resistance, pulse instabilities, and multiple and varied turn-off mechanisms. These effects result from the greatly abbreviated injector regions with highly discrete states.

Published
2010
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40. Highly power-efficient quantum cascade lasers

Author

Yamac Dikmelik, Anthony J. Hoffman, Jen Yu Fan, Matthew D. Escarra, Xiaojun Wang, Jacob B. Khurgin, Claire F. Gmachl, Kale J. Franz, and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Quantum optics, Materials science, business.industry, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, Biophotonics, Optics, law, Quantum dot laser, Cascade, Optoelectronics, Photonics, Quantum cascade laser, business
Abstract

A quantum cascade laser with a wall-plug efficiency of up to 50% is experimentally realized when operated at low temperatures and in pulsed mode. The high-efficiency performance is achieved by implementing an ultrastrong coupling between the injector and active regions.

Published
2010
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41. Large-area gate-tunable terahertz plasmonic metasurfaces employing graphene based structures

Author

Jérôme Faist, Giacomo Scalari, Federico Valmorra, Curdin Maissen, Peter Q. Liu, and Janine Keller

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Graphene, Surface plasmon, Physics::Optics, Resonance, Metamaterial, Nanotechnology, Spectral line, law.invention, law, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Optoelectronics, business, Plasmon, Transformation optics
Abstract

We design and experimentally investigate various large-area gate-tunable terahertz plasmonic metasurfaces employing different types of graphene based structures, i.e. arrays of graphene ribbons, square-lattice graphene anti-dots and hexagonal-lattice graphene anti-dots. Distinct gate-tunable resonances in the terahertz frequency range arising from excitations of plasmonic resonance modes associated with different structures are observed in their transmission spectra. Carrier density dependent tuning of the resonance frequency exhibits excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction and the numerical simulation. The demonstrated graphene based terahertz plasmonic metasurfaces can be employed to realize more complex devices and functionalities such as tunable plasmonic waveguide and transformation optics.

Published
2015
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42. Highly tunable hybrid metamaterials employing split-ring resonators strongly coupled to graphene surface plasmons

Author

Federico Valmorra, N. A. Savostianova, Peter Q. Liu, Jérôme Faist, Sergey Mikhailov, Isaac J. Luxmoore, and Geoffrey R. Nash

Subjects
Materials science, Terahertz radiation, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, law.invention, Split-ring resonator, Resonator, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), ddc:530, Plasmon, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Multidisciplinary, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Graphene, business.industry, Surface plasmon, Optical physics, Metamaterial, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), General Chemistry, 3. Good health, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

Metamaterials and plasmonics are powerful tools for unconventional manipulation and harnessing of light. Metamaterials can be engineered to possess intriguing properties lacking in natural materials, such as negative refractive index. Plasmonics offers capabilities of confining light in subwavelength dimensions and enhancing light–matter interactions. Recently, the technological potential of graphene-based plasmonics has been recognized as the latter features large tunability, higher field-confinement and lower loss compared with metal-based plasmonics. Here, we introduce hybrid structures comprising graphene plasmonic resonators coupled to conventional split-ring resonators, thus demonstrating a type of highly tunable metamaterial, where the interaction between the two resonances reaches the strong-coupling regime. Such hybrid metamaterials are employed as high-speed THz modulators, exhibiting ∼60% transmission modulation and operating speed in excess of 40 MHz. This device concept also provides a platform for exploring cavity-enhanced light–matter interactions and optical processes in graphene plasmonic structures for applications including sensing, photo-detection and nonlinear frequency generation., Realizing tunable metamaterials across a broad spectral range is of great interest. Here, Liu et al. introduce hybrid structures comprising graphene plasmonic resonators strongly coupled to conventional split-ring resonators and reach 60% transmission modulation with an operating speed above 40 MHz.

Published
2015

43. Highly Efficient Modulation of THz Metamaterials Using Graphene Surface Plasmons

Author

Sergey Mikhailov, Geoffrey R. Nash, N. A. Savostiyanova, Peter Q. Liu, Federico Valmorra, Isaac J. Luxmoore, and Jérôme Faist

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Graphene, Terahertz radiation, Surface plasmon, Physics::Optics, Metamaterial, law.invention, Split-ring resonator, law, Modulation, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Optoelectronics, Physics::Chemical Physics, Surface plasmon resonance, business, Plasmon
Abstract

We introduce hybrid metamaterials consisting of split ring resonators and a graphene nanoribbon array. Electrostatic control of the graphene plasmon resonance provides dynamic control of the transmission of THz radiation with modulation depth of ∼50%.

Published
2015
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45. Nonlinear terahertz metamaterials with active electrical control

Author

Igal Brener, George R. Keiser, John L. Reno, C. Tulloss, Hou-Tong Chen, Daniel M. Mittleman, Peter Q. Liu, N. Karl, and Antoinette J. Taylor

Subjects
Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Physics::Optics, Metamaterial, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Terahertz spectroscopy and technology, Split-ring resonator, Resonator, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Metamaterial absorber, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, DC bias
Abstract

We present a study of an electrically modulated nonlinear metamaterial consisting of an array of split-ring resonators fabricated on n-type gallium arsenide. The resonant metamaterial nonlinearity appears as an intensity-dependent transmission minimum at terahertz frequencies and arises from the interaction between local electric fields in the split-ring resonator (SRR) capacitive gaps and charge carriers in the n-type substrate. We investigate the active tuning range of the metamaterial device as the incident terahertz field intensity is increased and conversely the effect of an applied DC bias on the terahertz field-induced nonlinear modulation of the metamaterial response. Applying a DC bias to the metamaterial sample alters the nonlinear response and reduces the net nonlinear modulation. Similarly, increasing the incident terahertz field intensity decreases the net modulation induced by an applied DC bias. We interpret these results in terms of DC and terahertz-field-assisted carrier acceleration, scattering, and multiplication processes, highlighting the unique nature of this DC-field modulated terahertz nonlinearity.

Published
2017
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46. High-power spiral cavity quantum cascade superluminescent emitters with a passive loop back facet

Author

Jen-Yu Fan, Yezhezi M. Zhang, Xiaojun Wang, Mei Chai Zheng, Mariano Troccoli, Peter Q. Liu, and Claire F. Gmachl

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Facet (geometry), medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Engineering, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Loop (topology), Optics, Optical coherence tomography, Cascade, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, business, Lasing threshold, Spiral, Common emitter
Abstract

We report on the experimental demonstration of a high-power (>100 mW) quantum cascade superluminescent (SL) emitter employing a spiral cavity with a passive loop back facet. By replacing the rounded, wet-etched, antireflection coated back facet of a spiral cavity with a passive loop facet, the lasing action was suppressed (i.e., threshold current density increased) due to a decrease in the back facet reflectivity. This type of facet allowed us to achieve a twofold increase in the peak SL power by employing a 16-mm-long spiral cavity.

Published
2017
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47. Wavelength selection and spectral narrowing of Distributed Bragg Reflector quantum cascade lasers up to peak optical power

Author

Peter Q. Liu, Mariano Troccoli, Xiaojun Wang, Arash Sadeghi, Jen-Yu Fan, and Claire F. Gmachl

Subjects
Distributed feedback laser, Materials science, business.industry, Optical power, Grating, Distributed Bragg reflector, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optics, law, Cascade, Optoelectronics, business, Tunable laser, Quantum well
Abstract

We investigate the impact of Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBR), ion-milled directly on top of Fabry-Perot type Quantum Cascade (QC) laser ridges, following fabrication and processing of the devices and observe a more than 10-fold reduction in spectral full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) and a maximum of 20dB side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR), maintained to peak optical power. As predicted by our model, and experimentally verified, there is a “sweet-spot” in terms of grating length, ~200 µm on a 3 mm long laser ridge, and a trade-off between spectral narrowing and output power, set by the grating depth, varied from 1.8 to 2.5 µm.

Published
2014

48. High Power (>3 mW) Quantum Cascade Superluminescent Emitter

Author

Zhouchangwan Yu, Nyan Aung, Peter Q. Liu, Ye Yu, Xiaojun Wang, Jen-Yu Fan, Yu Yao, Mariano Troccoli, and Claire F. Gmachl

Subjects
Physics, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Superluminescent diode, law.invention, Full width at half maximum, Optics, Optical coherence tomography, law, Cascade, medicine, Optoelectronics, Spontaneous emission, business, Quantum, Common emitter, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

We report high power (g3 mW) mid-infrared superluminescent emission around 2100 cm-1 from Quantum Cascade devices. The superluminescent emission shows a Gaussian shape spectrum with FWHM of 80 cm-1.

Published
2014
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49. Observation of strong coupling between graphene plasmons and THz surface optical phonons

Author

Choon How Gan, Geoffrey R. Nash, Jérôme Faist, Penglei Li, Isaac J. Luxmoore, Federico Valmorra, and Peter Q. Liu

Subjects
Materials science, Photon, Condensed matter physics, Phonon, Graphene, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, Physics::Optics, law.invention, law, Dispersion (optics), Polariton, Optoelectronics, Physics::Chemical Physics, business, Graphene nanoribbons, Plasmon
Abstract

Spectral measurements of electrically-gated graphene nanoribbons deposited on silicon dioxide reveals the dispersion of four branches of surface-phonon-plasmon polaritons. Consistent with calculations, strong coupling via long-range Frolich interactions in the lowest THz branch is observed.

Published
2014
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50. Transverse mode control in quantum cascade lasers via lossy lateral constrictions

Author

Jen Yu Fan, Nyan Aung, Peter Q. Liu, Claire F. Gmachl, Xiaojun Wang, Pierre M. Bouzi, and Mariano Troccoli

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Semiconductor device, Laser, Focused ion beam, law.invention, Transverse mode, Transverse plane, Optics, law, Cascade, Optical cavity, Quantum cascade laser, business
Abstract

Quantum Cascade (QC) lasers are semiconductor devices operating in the mid-infrared and terahertz regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Since their first demonstration in 1994, they have evolved rapidly into high power devices. However, they also have intrinsic challenges, such as beam steering at high power. Such phenomenon has been observed in QC lasers and attributed to the interaction between the two lowest transverse modes in the laser cavity. In this project, we have used COMSOL Multiphysics simulations to first investigate how transverse mode propagation can be controlled with cavity spoilers. We have modeled this effect by creating short and lossy lateral constrictions from the top of the laser ridge to perturb the modes distributed more toward the sides of the laser ridge, while leaving the fundamental mode intact. After obtaining optimized dimensions for the constrictions, we have utilized focused ion beam (FIB) milling to etch two small trenches from the top of several laser ridges to create the simulated effect on our devices. We, then, filled them with platinum in an effort to completely suppress the propagation of higher order transverse modes in the cavity. The results obtained show minimal effect on threshold and a Gaussian far-field distribution at various current levels, indicating a complete suppression of the higher order transverse modes.

Published
2013
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