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This study examines the methodology for creating a geographic information system of transport infrastructure objects - from obtaining initial data to storing the data itself. The article defines the classification of objects in the transportation system, the procedure for collecting and processing initial data, as well as the sequence of data processing for transmission to the GIS environment. A study was conducted on the dependence of response time on the current number of elements in a database table with indexed and un-indexed data. Until about the 1000th element, it was determined that the sampling rate is higher by "direct search", but after that, a smooth linear growth begins to a sharp peak and a nonlinear increase in search time. Thus, the support of database management system functions for working with spatial data is important for its functioning in the context of geometric data aggregation tasks.

Caliciviruses have positive-sense RNA genomes, typically with short 5′-untranslated regions (5′UTRs) that precede the long open reading frame 1 (ORF1). Exceptionally, some avian caliciviruses have long 5′UTRs containing a picornavirus-like internal ribosomal entry site (IRES), which was likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Here, we identified numerous additional avian calicivirus genomes with IRESs, predominantly type 2, and determined that many of these genomes contain a ~200–300 codon-long ORF (designated ORF1*) that overlaps the 5′-terminal region of ORF1. The activity of representative type 2 IRESs from grey teal calicivirus (GTCV) and Caliciviridae sp. isolate yc-13 (RaCV1) was confirmed by in vitro translation. Toeprinting showed that in cell-free extracts and in vitro reconstituted reactions, ribosomal initiation complexes assembled on the ORF1* initiation codon and at one or two AUG codons in ORF1 at the 3′-border and/or downstream of the IRES. Initiation at all three sites required eIF4A and eIF4G, which bound to a conserved region of the IRES; initiation on the ORF1* and principal ORF1 initiation codons involved eIF1/eIF1A-dependent scanning from the IRES’s 3′-border. Initiation on these IRESs was enhanced by the IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs) Ebp1/ITAF45, which bound to the apical subdomain Id of the IRES, and PTB (GTCV) or PCBP2 (RaCV1).

Food antimicrobial peptides are increasingly relevant in the treatment of bacterial infections and have a number of advantages in comparison with drugs: slower emergence of resistance in bacterial strains, high activity against antibiotic films and immunomodulatory properties. The physico-chemical properties causing antimicrobial properties include: cationic charge, hydrophobicity, molecular weight and amino acid sequence. Promising sources of antimicrobial peptides are milk proteins, in particular, cow colostrum proteins. The aim of the work is to extract a peptide from the pepsin hydrolysate of cow colostrum, predict its antimicrobial activity using a bioinformatic approach and confirm its effectiveness in vitro. The molecular mass distribution of the peptide was evaluated by mass spectrometric method. The analysis of mass spectra was carried out using the Mascot program, the Peptide Fingerprint option – using the Protein NCBI database. Microsequencing was performed using a MiSeq sequencer. Modeling of the spatial structure of the isolated peptide was carried out using the Schrodinger Maestro molecular modeling program. The antimicrobial activity of the peptide was studied by the disco-diffusion method on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The peptide has been isolated from the pepsin hydrolysate of cow colostrum, which is absent in the known proteomic bases Protein NCBI and AVPdb and, accordingly, its biological activity and functions have not been studied. The resulting peptide belongs to linear alpha-helical peptides consists of 11 amino acid sequences ANRKLRANKSR with a molecular weight of 8.2 kDa, an isoelectric point at 12.79, a charge of +5 (cationic), hydrophilicity (hydrophobicity) +20.84 Kcal*mol-1. As a result of in vitro studies, it was found that the isolated peptide has antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and B. subtilis and antimicrobial action against C. albicans.

Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease. despite ongoing vaccination, the disease is endemic in developing and developed countries. newborns and children who are not vaccinated or partially immunized become most severely ill. The severity of symptoms depends on factors such as the patient's age, the strength of the immune response, and the degree of systemic bacterial dissemination. The most severe form of pertussis is malignant pertussis, which is characterized by large leukocytosis, refractory hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension and cardiopulmonary impairment. This article is devoted to the clinical observation of a patient with a malignant course of whooping cough.

The article analyzes data for 2015 received in the course of socio-pedagogical monitoring the health and behavior in schools, conducted in the framework of the International project «Health Behavior In School-Aged Children. The study of complex scientific information describes the level of health, physical fitness of schoolchildren and evaluates the activities of secondary schools to promote health and healthy lifestyles of children of school age.

Natural monoterpenes and their derivatives are widely considered the effective ingredients for the design and production of novel biologically active compounds. In this study, by using the molecular docking technique, we examined the effects of two series of “sulfide-sulfoxide-sulfone” thioterpenoids containing different (e.g., bornane and pinane) monoterpene skeletons on the platelet’s aggregation. Our data revealed that all the synthesized compounds exhibit inhibitory activities on platelet aggregation. For example, compound 1 effectively inhibited platelet activation and demonstrated direct binding with CD61 integrin, a well-known platelet GPIIb-IIIa receptor on platelets. We further examined the antiaggregant activity of the most active compound, 1, in vivo and compared its activity with that of acetylsalicylic acid and an oral GPIIb-IIIa blocker, orbofiban. We found that compound 1 demonstrates antiaggregant activity in rats when administered per os and its activity was comparable with that of acetylsalicylic acid and orbofiban. Moreover, similarly, tirofiban, a well-known GPIIb-IIIa blocker, compound 1, effectively decreased the expression of P-selectin to the values similar to those of the intact platelets. Collectively, here, we show, for the first time, the potent antiaggregant activity of compound 1 both in vitro and in vivo due to its ability to bind with the GPIIb-IIIa receptor on platelets.

We synthesized the novel compound ethyl 12-sulfamoyl-abieta-8,11,13-trien-18-oate in good yield from ethyl 12-sulfo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-18-oate via a two-step protocol. The product was comprehensively characterized by one- and two-dimensional NMR methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.

In the article, the authors present an overview of the historical line of development of the human resource management (HRM) system in the Republic of Kazakhstan, define the conceptual framework of modern sustainable development of HR management in tourism, and form focus area in its development. In the course of the research, a survey has been conducted among the entities of the tourism industry of Kazakhstan, which was attended by representatives of the business environment of the near and far abroad countries. The results of the survey among specialists in the tourism industr y have formed the basis of large-scale research. The strengths and weaknesses of HRM in tourism of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been identified; the analysis of modern trends in HRM of the country reflected in regulatory and legislative documents, state demands, the business and social environment have been carried out. The authors propose a three-stage model of mastering the HR competencies in the tourism education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Objectives to assess the features of the inflammatory process of the nasal mucous membrane and sinuses in patients with сhronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Material and methods. We analyzed the results of examination of 44 patients with CRSwNP. The objects of investigation were smears-reprints from the mucous membrane of the middle turbinate (rhinocytograms) and the intensity of the extracellular peroxidase activity of the lavage fluids of the maxillary sinuses. The data obtained were processed using the Statistica 8.0 software. Results. When analyzing rhinocytograms of the mucous membrane of the middle turbinates, the epithelial type of rhinocytogram was most often detected in 65.9% of cases (epithelial cells more than 50%); the eosinophilic type in 22.7% (eosinophils more than 1%) and smears with mast cells in 4.6% of cases; the neutrophilic type was less frequent (neutrophils more than 50%) 6.8% of cases. In 34.1% of patients, the cells of the columnar epithelium had pronounced changes in the cytoplasm (vacuolization and enzymatic activity); and in 38.6% of cases the gross pathology was recorded directly in the nucleus of the cells (nucleoli, granules, destruction of the nucleus). The revealed pathology of the cell nucleus suggests the viral etiology of the development of productive inflammation in the nasal cavity and sinuses In the lavage fluids of the maxillary sinuses, a high intensity of extracellular peroxidase activity was recorded (1777.9132.4 a.u. compared to 1225.0190.9 a.u. in patients with chronic purulent rhinosinusitis and 1245.0362.3 a.u. in patients with purulent-polypous rhinosinusitis). Conclusion. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is accompanied by a pronounced inflammatory process of the nasal mucous membrane and paranasal sinuses in the form of structural and functional changes in the cells of the columnar epithelium and a high intensity of extracellular peroxidase activity. The epithelial nucleus damage (the presence of nucleoli, granules, destruction of the nucleus) suggests a viral nature with the development of productive inflammation in the nasal cavity and sinuses.

Post-harvest processing of the leaf mass of various agricultural crops has general patterns. The peculiarity of the structure of the leaves is that the amount of water contained in the leaf blade and in the midrib is approximately the same, but the area of the evaporating surface of the midrib is 10–15 times less than the area of the evaporating surface of the leaf plate. Therefore, the difference in drying modes for these parts of the leaves justifies the need for different physical methods of influencing them. The aim of the research was to substantiate experimentally the general principles of moisture removal from the leaf mass of various agricultural crops using microwave radiation. Processing in the microwave field was carried out for 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 minutes. The treated leaf layers were dried naturally. Leaves dried by convection under natural and artificial conditions, only without microwave treatment, served as a control sample. For the post-harvest processing of plantain leaves, a combined drying method is recommended, where in the first phase the leaves are treated with microwave radiation for 2,0–2,5 minutes, depending on the thickness of the leaf layer, and then in the second phase under natural conditions for 8 hours. Microwave – processing followed by convective drying in natural conditions is considered the most compromise method for drying beet tops leaves both in terms of drying time and in terms of the energy intensity of the process. On the basis on the results of the research, the application of the most rational processes of post-harvest processing of leaf mass of agricultural crops was substantiated, which consists in their processing by microwave radiation, followed by convective drying in a natural way.

What role do credit supply shocks (CSS) play in macroeconomic dynamics in emerging economies? We exploit Russia's setting, including the 2014 Western sanctions, and show that a negative CSS normalized to 0.5 p.p. increase in the lending rate leads to a decrease of 2 p.p. in the output growth rate, 1.5 p.p. in the consumption growth rate and 5 p.p. in the investment growth rate within a quarter. The heterogeneity of the household and firm responses to CSS is driven by debt‐to‐income and leverage ratios, with indebted poorer households and larger firms being more sensitive to fluctuations in credit conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes and systematizes results of Russian research in German and Russian Expressionism for the past 17 years. The focus of the author are both great collective research projects on history and theory of Russian and German literature, which includes Expressionism as an integral part of the literary process, and individual studies of literary critics and linguists. The geography of Russian study of Expressionism covers research centers in Universities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Nizhni Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Samara and in Austrian libraries (Yekaterinburg, Nizhni Novgorod). The research has four main directions. The first, the most traditional, focuses its forces on the study of new literary material and personalities, unknown literary texts and historical and literary facts. The second direction works with well-known texts, but operates with the latest scientific tools and provides a different understanding of the known material. The third direction is interdisciplinary and uses synthetic methods. The fourth is the comparative and typological direction, an important part of which is translation theory and practice.

The depressed river mussel Pseudanodonta complanata (Rossmässler, 1835) is an endangered freshwater bivalve with sparse distribution across Europe. Despite its high conservation priority, available data on the current population genetics and biogeography of P. complanata are very limited. In this paper, we studied the genetic diversity and differentiation of P. complanata based on newly sequenced COI and ND1 gene fragments, and on available sequences from the NCBI GenBank. We discovered a localized and highly divergent lineage in the Don River basin and a widespread but low diversified lineage distributed from the Volga River basin to the Oise River in France. A star-like haplotype network, results of mismatch analysis, and significant negative values of neutrality tests reveal that the pan-European lineage went through a bottleneck event. The discovery of the separate lineage in the Don River basin is and additional evidence of the existence of Pleistocene glacial refugia in the south of the Russian Plain. Moreover, this finding confirms the significance of the Azov Sea drainage as a freshwater biodiversity hotspot of great conservation importance.