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Urinary bladder hamartoma is a rare benign proliferation with only 14 cases reported in the literature at present. Urinary bladder hamartoma is composed of a disorderly admixture of normal urinary bladder components, essentially represented by glands lined by transitional epithelium and a variable percentage of fibrous stroma, smooth muscle bundles, and adipose tissue. Urinary bladder hamartomas do not exhibit cytological or architectural abnormalities and show no necrosis or increase in mitotic activity. Clinical manifestations are usually represented by lower urinary tract symptoms, more or less frequently paired with gross hematuria. Several pediatric cases of urinary bladder hamartoma have been reported, sometimes with syndromic associations. Transurethral resection has been curative in all cases reported, with no evidence of recurrence. Here we report an additional rare urinary bladder hamartoma, clinically mimicking urothelial carcinoma, providing a review of the literature regarding this unusual entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblastic reticulum cell tumor (FRCT) is a rare dendritic neoplasm arising from fibroblastic reticulum cells (FBRCs) and exhibiting peculiar cytokeratin expression. FRCTs usually involve the lymph nodes, although they can also be encountered in the spleen and soft tissues. FRCTs are composed of mildly atypical spindle or ovoid cells, arranged in loose whorls, which express almost invariably low-weight cytokeratins, smooth muscle actin, and CD68. An admixed lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate is also frequently present in solid organ sites. The clinical picture may vary from very indolent to aggressive disease exhibiting features of malignancy, such as cytological pleomorphism, necrosis, or high mitotic rate and metastatic potential. FRCT is a challenging diagnosis, due to its rarity and deceptive cytokeratin expression. Hereafter, we revise the most recent literature regarding such condition and report the case of an extremely indolent splenic FRCT, with no features of malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cut-off of < 1% positive cells to define estrogen receptor (ER) negativity by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast cancer (BC) is debated. We explored the tumor immune microenvironment and gene-expression profile of patients with early-stage HER2-negative ER-low (ER 1-9%) BC, comparing them to ER-negative (ER < 1%) and ER-intermediate (ER 10-50%) tumors., Patients and Methods: Among 921 patients with early-stage I-III, ER ≤ 50%, HER2-negative BCs, tumors were classified as ER-negative (n = 712), ER-low (n = 128), or ER-intermediate (n = 81). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated. CD8+, FOXP3+ cells, and PD-L1 status were assessed by IHC and quantified by digital pathology. We analyzed 776 BC-related genes in 116 samples. All tests were 2-sided at < 0.05 significance level., Results: ER-low and ER-negative tumors exhibited similar median TILs, significantly higher than ER-intermediate tumors. CD8/FOXP3 ratio and PD-L1 positivity rates were comparable between ER-low and ER-negative groups. These groups showed similar enrichment in Basal-like intrinsic subtypes and comparable expression of immune-related genes. ER-low and ER-intermediate tumors showed significant transcriptomic differences. High TILs (≥30%) were associated with improved relapse-free survival (RFS) in ER-low (5-year RFS 78.6% vs 66.2%, log-rank p = .033, hazard ratio (HR) 0.37 [95% CI 0.15-0.96]) and ER-negative patients (5-year RFS 85.2% vs 69.8%, log-rank p < .001, HR 0.41 [95% CI 0.27-0.60])., Conclusions: ER-low and ER-negative tumors are similar biological and molecular entities, supporting their comparable clinical outcomes and treatment responses, including to immunotherapy. Our findings contribute to the growing evidence calling for a reevaluation of ER-positive BC classification and management, aligning ER-low and ER-negative tumors more closely., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Fibroblastic reticulum cell tumor (FRCT) is a rare dendritic neoplasm arising from fibroblastic reticulum cells (FBRCs) and exhibiting peculiar cytokeratin expression. FRCTs usually involve the lymph nodes, although they can also be encountered in the spleen and soft tissues. FRCTs are composed of mildly atypical spindle or ovoid cells, arranged in loose whorls, which express almost invariably low-weight cytokeratins, smooth muscle actin, and CD68. An admixed lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate is also frequently present in solid organ sites. The clinical picture may vary from very indolent to aggressive disease exhibiting features of malignancy, such as cytological pleomorphism, necrosis, or high mitotic rate and metastatic potential. FRCT is a challenging diagnosis, due to its rarity and deceptive cytokeratin expression. Hereafter, we revise the most recent literature regarding such condition and report the case of an extremely indolent splenic FRCT, with no features of malignancy., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)