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Here, by applying a comprehensive approach including magnetic, transport measurements, ARPES band structure measurements, DFT calculations, and analytical theory consideration, we unveil the puzzling origin of the negative isotropic magnetoresistance in the highly anisotropic semimetals, particularly, Eu$_2$Sn$_2$As$_2$ with AFM ordering of Eu atoms. The isotropic magnetoresistance developing along with the magnetization changes up to the complete spin polarization field was reported previously in several experimental studies, though its theoretical explanation was missing up to date. Recently, we proposed a novel theoretical mechanism to describe the observed magnetoresistance in layered AFM compounds by exchange splitting of the electron energy levels and by confining the electron wave functions with different spin projection in the vicinity of the respective magnetic layer. In this paper, we present more detailed experimental studies of the negative magnetoresistance with several samples of EuSn$_2$As$_2$ in order to identify its sample-independent features including temperature dependence. We also substantiate the proposed theory by comparing it with magnetotransport data, with ARPES measurements of the energy band structure, and DFT energy spectrum calculations., Comment: 24 pages, 20 figures (including SM)

Using multiple Andreev reflection (MAR) spectroscopy, we studied superconductor - normal metal - superconductor (SnS) semiballistic contacts with incoherent transport in overdoped pnictide superconductors BaFe$_{1.86}$Ni$_{0.14}$As$_2$ with critical temperature $T_c \approx 12$ K. We directly determined an anisotropic large gap with the characteristic ratios $2\Delta_L^{\rm out}(0)/k_BT_c \approx 6$ and $2\Delta_L^{\rm in}(0)/k_BT_c \approx 4$, almost isotropic small gap with $2\Delta_S(0)/k_BT_c \approx 2$, and the temperature dependence of the resolved superconducting order parameters. Above the large gap position $2\Delta_L$, a fine dI(V)/dV structure fully vanishing at $T_c$ and possibly caused by a resonant coupling with a bosonic mode was observed., Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures

In the novel stoichiometric iron-based material RbEuFe4As4 superconductivity coexists with a peculiar long-range magnetic order of Eu 4f states; their coexistance is puzzling and represents a challenge for both experiment and theory. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, resonant photoemission spectroscopy, Andreev reflection spectroscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy we have addressed this puzzle and unambigously shown that Fe- and Eu-derived states are largely decoupled and that superconducting and a long range magnetic orders exist almost independently from each other., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, To appear in: Phys.Usp

In this work, fabrication and characterization of magnetic properties of EuFe2As2 and EuRbFe4As4 single crystals is reported. Magnetization measurements of samples with well defined thin film geometry and crystal orientation demonstrate a striking similarity in ferromagnetic properties of Eu subsystems in these two compounds. Measurements with magnetic field applied along ab crystal planes reveal meta-magnetic transition in both compounds. Numerical studies employing the Jz1-Jz2 Heisenberg model suggest that the ground state of the magnetic order in Eu subsystem for both compounds is the helical spin order with the helical angle about 2pi/5, while the meta-magnetic transition is the helix-to-fan first order phase transition., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 44 references

In the novel stoichiometric iron-based material RbEuFe$_{4}$As$_{4}$ superconductivity coexists with a peculiar long-range magnetic order of Eu 4f states. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we reveal a complex three dimensional electronic structure and compare it with density functional theory calculations. Multiple superconducting gaps were measured on various sheets of the Fermi surface. High resolution resonant photoemission spectroscopy reveals magnetic order of the Eu 4f states deep into the superconducting phase. Both the absolute values and the anisotropy of the superconducting gaps are remarkably similar to the sibling compound without Eu, indicating that Eu magnetism does not affect the pairing of electrons. A complete decoupling between Fe- and Eu-derived states was established from their evolution with temperature, thus unambiguously demonstrating that superconducting and a long range magnetic orders exist independently from each other. The established electronic structure of RbEuFe$_{4}$As$_{4}$ opens opportunities for the future studies of the highly unorthodox electron pairing and phase competition in this family of iron-based superconductors with doping.

In a superconductor that lacks inversion symmetry, the spatial part of the Cooper pair wave function has a reduced symmetry, allowing for the mixing of spin-singlet and spin-triplet Cooper pairing channels and thus providing a pathway to a non-trivial superconducting state. Materials with a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure and with strong spin-orbit coupling are a platform to realize these possibilities. Here, we report the synthesis and characterisation of high quality crystals of Sn$_4$As$_3$, with non-centrosymmetric unit cell ($R3m$). We have characterised the normal and superconducting state using a range of methods. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy shows a multiband Fermi surface and the presence of two surface states, confirmed by Density-functional theory calculations. Specific heat measurements reveal a superconducting critical temperature of $T_c\sim 1.14$ K and an upper critical magnetic field of $H_c\gtrsim 7$ mT, which are both confirmed by ultra-low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy shows a fully formed superconducting gap, consistent with conventional $s$-wave superconductivity., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures

We report comprehensive study of physical properties of the binary superconductor compound SnAs. The electronic band structure of SnAs was investigated using both angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in a wide binding energy range and density functional theory (DFT) within generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The DFT/GGA calculations were done including spin-orbit coupling for both bulk and (111) slab crystal structures. Comparison of the DFT/GGA band dispersions with ARPES data shows that (111) slab much better describes ARPES data than just bulk bands. Superconducting properties of SnAs were studied experimentally by specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, magnetotransport measurements and Andreev reflection spectroscopy. Temperature dependences of the superconducting gap and of the specific heat were found to be well consistent with those expected for the single band BCS superconductors with an isotropic s-wave order parameter. Despite spin-orbit coupling is present in SnAs, our data shows no signatures of a potential unconventional superconductivity, and the characteristic BCS ratio $2\Delta/T_c = 3.48 - 3.73$ is very close to the BCS value in the weak coupling limit., Comment: 12 pages, 15 figures, 1 table

We performed systematic AC susceptibility and magnetic moment measurements to investigate the vortex dynamics and pinning in the $EuRbFe_4As_4$ single crystal as a function of temperature, frequency, and DC magnetic field. The vortex solid-liquid line was determined and it fits well with $H(T_p)=H_0(1-t_p)^\beta$ using $\beta$=1.74-1.91, for $H\parallel ab$. It indicates a rather high pinning strength of the vortex system. The activation energy $U_0$ was determined from thermally activated flux creep theory and reached 6700 K at low fields, suggesting strong vortex pinning. A field dependence of $U_0(H\parallel ab)\sim H^a$ with $a=0.47$ suggests thermally activated plastic pinning or caused by planar defects. Magnetic moment measurements also confirmed strong pinning in a $EuRbFe_4As_4$ superconductor and the superconducting response gives the main contribution to the $M(H)$ hysteresis. Additionally, we found evidence of long-range magnetic interactions in $Eu^{2+}$ sublattice and the FM-like nature of $Eu^{2+}$ atoms ordering.

This paper discusses the synthesis, characterization, and comprehensive study of Ba-122 single crystals with various substitutions and various $T_c$. The paper uses five complementary techniques to obtain a self-consistent set of data on the superconducting properties of Ba-122. A major conclusion of the authors work is the coexistence of two superconducting condensates differing in the electron-boson coupling strength. The two gaps that develop in distinct Fermi surface sheets are nodeless in the $k_xk_y$-plane and exhibit s-wave symmetry, the two-band model represents a sufficient data description tool. A moderate interband coupling and a considerable Coulomb repulsion in the description of the two-gap superconducting state of barium pnictides favor the $s^{++}$-model.

Using intrinsic multiple Andreev reflections effect (IMARE) spectroscopy, we studied SnS contacts in the layered oxypnictide superconductors Sm$_{1-x}$Th$_x$OFeAs with various thorium doping and critical temperatures $T_C = 21-54$ K. We observe a scaling between both superconducting gaps and $T_C$. The determined BCS-ratio for the large gap $2\Delta_L/k_BT_C = 5.0-5.7$ and its eigen BCS-ratio (in a hypothetical case of zero interband coupling) $2\Delta_L/k_BT_C^L = 4.1-4.6$ both exceeding the weak-coupling limit 3.52, and for the small gap $2\Delta_S/k_BT_C = 1.2-1.6$ remain nearly constant within all the $T_C$ range studied. The temperature dependences $\Delta_{L,S}(T)$ agree well with a two-band BCS-like Moskalenko and Suhl model. We prove intraband coupling to be stronger than interband coupling, whereas and Coulomb repulsion constants $\mu^{\ast}$ are finite in Sm-based oxypnictides., Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures

We studied nearly optimally Ni-substituted BaFe$_{2-x}$Ni$_x$As$_2$ (BFNA) single crystals with $T_C \approx 18.5$\,K. In irreversible magnetization measurements, we determined the field dependence of the critical-current density and discuss the nature of observed strong bulk pinning. Using intrinsic multiple Andreev reflections effect (IMARE) spectroscopy, we directly determine two distinct superconducting gaps and resolve their moderate anisotropy in the momentum space. The BCS-ratio for the large gap $2\Delta_L/k_BT_C > 4.1$ evidences for a strong coupling in the $\Delta_L$-bands., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. To be published in Proceedings of Superstripes 2016 Conference

We report on measurements of isothermal irreversible magnetization loops (M(H)) of Ni-doped BaFe2-xNixAs2 single crystals with x=0.1 and x=0.14 in magnetic fields up to 14T. For both samples in field H//c-axis and H//ab-plane, critical current density calculated from M(H) curves exceeds 106 A/cm2 at low temperatures suggesting strong intrinsic pinning in our crystals. In a broad temperature range 2-17K in both field orientations nearly optimally doped single crystal displays second magnetization peak (fish-tail effect). For H//c-axis, curves of the normalized pinning force, as a function of reduced field, measured at different temperatures obey scaling relation with peak position 0.33 for BaFe1.86Ni0.14As2 crystal and 0.4 for BaFe1.9Ni0.1As2 sample indicating single normal point pinning mechanism. In striking contrast, in H//ab-plane orientation, the scaling of curves is absent., Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, 24 references