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3. Unraveling the occasional occurrence of berry astringency in table grape cv. Scarlet Royal: a physiological and transcriptomic analysis.

Author

Ismail, Ahmed, Pervaiz, Tariq, Comstock, Stacey, Bodaghi, Sohrab, Rezk, Alaaeldin, Vidalakis, Georgios, El-Sharkawy, Islam, Obenland, David, and El-Kereamy, Ashraf

Subjects
berry quality, gene expression, grapevine nutrients, polyphenols, table grapes, tannins
Abstract

Scarlet Royal, a mid-season ripening table grape, is one of the popular red grape varieties in California. However, its berries develop an undesirable astringent taste under certain conditions. Among the various factors contributing to the degradation of berry attributes, the levels and compositions of polyphenols play a fundamental role in defining berry quality and sensory characteristics. To comprehend the underlying mechanism of astringency development, Scarlet Royal berries with non-astringent attributes at the V7 vineyard were compared to astringent ones at the V9 vineyard. Biochemical analysis revealed that the divergence in berry astringency stemmed from alterations in its polyphenol composition, particularly tannins, during the late ripening stage at the V9 vineyard. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling of berries positively associated nineteen flavonoid/proanthocyanidins (PAs) structural genes with the accumulation of PAs in V9 berries. The identification of these genes holds significance for table grape genetic improvement programs. At a practical level, the correlation between the taste panel and tannin content revealed a threshold level of tannins causing an astringent taste at approximately 400 mg/L. Additionally, berry astringency at the V9 vineyard was linked to a lower number of clusters and yield during the two study seasons, 2016 and 2017. Furthermore, petiole nutrient analysis at bloom showed differences in nutrient levels between the two vineyards, including higher levels of nitrogen and potassium in V9 vines compared to V7. Its worth noting that V9 berries at harvest displayed a lower level of total soluble solids and higher titratable acidity compared to V7 berries. In conclusion, our results indicate that the accumulation of tannins in berries during the ripening process results in a reduction in their red color intensity but significantly increases the astringency taste, thereby degrading the berry quality attributes. This study also highlights the association of high nitrogen nutrient levels and a lower crop load with berry astringency in table grapes, paving the way for further research in this area.

Published
2023

14. Characterization and Identification of PpEIN3 during the Modulation of Fruit Ripening Process by Ectopic Expressions in Tomato

Author

Zhang Yanping, Huang Yuqing, Wang Chen, Mu Qian, Jiu Songtao, Zhu Xudong, Zheng Ting, Zhang Kekun, Jia Haifeng, Pervaiz Tariq, and Fang Jinggui

Subjects
Plant culture, SB1-1110, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Core Ideas First study of PpEIN3 by transgenic experiments to verify its function in the maturity process PpEIN3 is a positive regulator of ethylene signal transduction pathway to promote fruits ripening Ethylene is one of the most important phytohormone in plants and plays a critical role during growth, development, maturity, and aging. The framework of the ethylene signaling pathway is well reported. Nevertheless, studies on Ethylene Insensitive 3 (EIN3), the downstream regulator of the ethylene signaling pathway, need to be investigated, especially in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. In this study, we cloned PpEIN3 from peach and characterized it in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Our results depicted that the open‐reading frame of PpEIN3 was 1875 bp, encoding a protein with 624 amino acid residues that contained a conserved EIN3 domain, a highly conserved N‐terminal region, and seven DNA‐binding sites. PpEIN3 showed very close association with homologous EIN genes from apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). All investigated EIN proteins shared similar domains and structures. The PpEIN3 promoter possessed several motifs related to hormones that affect fruit development and ripening. Spatial–temporal expression analysis revealed that PpEIN3 was expressed at high levels in the late stage of fruit development vs. the early stage. In transgenic tomato, PpEIIN3 showed overexpression and the key ethylene biosynthesis genes SlACO1, SlACS1, and SlSAMS1 were upregulated and promoted early maturation in fruit. By contrast, PpEIIN3 silencing delayed ripening and reduced SlEIN3 expression in tomato. The results confirmed that PpEIN3 is a positive regulator of the ethylene signal transduction pathway, which promoted fruit ripening. Our findings provide valuable insight to the roles in ethylene signal components in the modulation of peach fruit ripening.

Published
2019
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33. Transcriptomic and Anatomic Profiling Reveal Etiolation Promotes Adventitious Rooting by Exogenous Application of 1-Naphthalene Acetic Acid in Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Author

Munir, Muhammad Zeeshan, primary, Ud Din, Saleem, additional, Imran, Muhammad, additional, Zhang, Zijie, additional, Pervaiz, Tariq, additional, Han, Chao, additional, Un Nisa, Zaib, additional, Bakhsh, Ali, additional, Atif Muneer, Muhammad, additional, Sun, Yuhan, additional, and Li, Yun, additional

Published
2021
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34. MADS-box transcription factors MADS11 and DAL1 interact to mediate the vegetative-to-reproductive transition in pine

Author

Ma, Jing-Jing, primary, Chen, Xi, additional, Song, Yi-Tong, additional, Zhang, Gui-Fang, additional, Zhou, Xian-Qing, additional, Que, Shu-Peng, additional, Mao, Fei, additional, Pervaiz, Tariq, additional, Lin, Jin-Xing, additional, Li, Yue, additional, Li, Wei, additional, Wu, Harry X., additional, and Niu, Shi-Hui, additional

Published
2021
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37. Comprehensive RNA-seq analysis revealed gene network associated with leaf morphogenesis in Vitis vinifera.

Author

Pervaiz, Tariq, Haider, Muhammad Salman, Jia, Haifeng, Zheng, Ting, Faheem, Muhammad, and Jinggui, Fang

Subjects
GENE regulatory networks, MORPHOGENESIS, VITIS vinifera, RNA sequencing, ATP-binding cassette transporters, GENETIC regulation
Abstract

Leaf morphogenesis in Vitis vinifera is closely associated with the biosynthesis of various metabolites, starch, and growth-related molecules. In the present study, Illumina RNA deep sequencing-based on transcriptome analysis was deployed to understand leaf morphogenesis in Vitis vinifera. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed the transcripts involved in the biosynthesis of major metabolites leading to leaf growth. The highest number of DEGs were down-regulated at young leave-vs-mature leaves stages (3,501) followed by large leaves-vs-mature leaves (2,364); however, the minimum number of up-regulated transcripts were recorded at young leaves-vs-immature leaves (195). The gene regulation in the starch biosynthetic pathway, young leaves-vs-mature leaves showed the highest number of transcripts (24 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated). For ABC Transporters, 224 transcripts were expressed, among which the maximum number of transcripts (59) were recorded in large leaves-vs-mature leaves. Amino and nucleotide sugar metabolism showed 112 transcripts (22 up-regulated and 90 down-regulated), in which immature leaves-vs-mature leaves expressed 30 DEGs. In addition, Flavonoid pathway showed the highest number of transcripts i.e. 903 were expressed among the studied pathways. The findings of this study will also help to a better understanding of the underlying process during grape leaf morphogenesis and to unravel the mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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39. Abscisic acid and sucrose regulate tomato and strawberry fruit ripening through the abscisic acid‐stress‐ripening transcription factor

Author

Cheng Zhang, Zhongjie Liu, Songtao Jiu, Liwen Cui, Jinggui Fang, Chen Wang, Baoju Wang, Pervaiz Tariq, and Haifeng Jia

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Sucrose, genetic structures, strawberry fruit, Plant Science, Cyclopentanes, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Fragaria, transcription factor ASR, abscisic acid, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Solanum lycopersicum, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene expression, Oxylipins, Transcription factor, Abscisic acid, Research Articles, Plant Proteins, Indoleacetic Acids, Jasmonic acid, fungi, food and beverages, Ripening, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biochemistry, Fruit, Climacteric, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology, Research Article, tomato fruit, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Although great progress has been made towards understanding the role of abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose in fruit ripening, the mechanisms underlying the ABA and sucrose signalling pathways remain elusive. In this study, transcription factor ABA-stress-ripening (ASR), which is involved in the transduction of ABA and sucrose signalling pathways, was isolated and analysed in the nonclimacteric fruit, strawberry and the climacteric fruit, tomato. We have identified four ASR isoforms in tomato and one in strawberry. All ASR sequences contained the ABA stress- and ripening-induced proteins and water-deficit stress-induced proteins (ABA/WDS) domain and all ASR transcripts showed increased expression during fruit development. The expression of the ASR gene was influenced not only by sucrose and ABA, but also by jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and these four factors were correlated with each other during fruit development. ASR bound the hexose transporter (HT) promoter, which contained a sugar box that activated downstream gene expression. Overexpression of the ASR gene promoted fruit softening and ripening, whereas RNA interference delayed fruit ripening, as well as affected fruit physiological changes. Change in ASR gene expression influenced the expression of several ripening-related genes such as CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, UFGT, PG, PL, EXP1/2, XET16, Cel1/2 and PME. Taken together, this study may provide new evidence on the important role of ASR in cross-signalling between ABA and sucrose to regulate tomato and strawberry fruit ripening. The findings of this study also provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying fruit development.

Published
2016

43. Overexpression of Polyphenol Oxidase Gene in Strawberry Fruit Delays the Fungus Infection Process

Author

Mizhen Zhao, Haifeng Jia, Tianbao Yang, Baoju Wang, Fanggui Zhao, Pervaiz Tariq, Pengcheng Zhao, Qinglian Wang, and Jinggui Fang

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Achene, biology, food and beverages, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Polyphenol oxidase, 03 medical and health sciences, Horticulture, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Polyphenol, Botany, Gene expression, Chitinase, biology.protein, Molecular Biology, Abscisic acid, Gene, Powdery mildew, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Polyphenols are secondary metabolites widely present in plants which benefit to human health. In the present study we analyzed the changes of polyphenol contents during strawberry fruit development as well as changes of polyphenol oxidase (PPO). The results depicted that the polyphenol content showed a decreasing trend with the fruit development. The pH value impacts the PPO activity, and in strawberry fruit the optimal pH for the PPO activity was 4.5. Meanwhile, PPO activity kept decreasing with the development of the fruit flesh and achenes. The damaged fruit enhanced the PPO activity. We found four PPO genes encoding the PPO in the strawberry that had different expression levels in tissues. The overexpression of the FaPPO1 genes improved the PPO activity in strawberry fruit and delays the fungus infection process. The FaPPO1 gene expression changes had affected the pathogen-related gene expression, such as PAL, SOD, POD, BG, and Chitinase genes. The fruit damage induced the FaPPO1 gene expression, and the abscisic acid and methyl jasmonic were also involved in the regulation of FaPPO1 gene expression. The FaPPO1 and FaPPO2 gene expressions were regulated both by abiotic stresses of low temperature, NaCl, and H2O2 and biotic stresses of powdery mildew and gray mold. Understanding the regulation mechanism of PPO will be helpful and provide meaningful ideas in future for strawberry breeders.

Published
2015

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