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2. Adaptive evaluation of mHealth and conventional adherence support interventions to optimize outcomes with new treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV in South Africa (ADAP-TIV): study protocol for an adaptive randomized controlled trial

Author

Ross, Jesse, Perumal, Rubeshan, Wolf, Allison, Zulu, Mbali, Guzman, Kevin, Seepamore, Boitumelo, Reis, Karl, Nyilana, Hlengiwe, Hlathi, Senzo, Narasimmulu, Radhamoney, Cheung, Ying Kuen K., Amico, K. Rivet, Friedland, Gerald, Daftary, Amrita, Zelnick, Jennifer R., Naidoo, Kogieleum, and O’Donnell, Max R.

Published
2023
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9. A cohort study of post-COVID-19 condition across the Beta, Delta, and Omicron waves in South Africa: 6-month follow-up of hospitalized and nonhospitalized participants

Author

Jassat, Waasila, Mudara, Caroline, Vika, Caroline, Welch, Richard, Arendse, Tracy, Dryden, Murray, Blumberg, Lucille, Mayet, Natalie, Tempia, Stefano, Parker, Arifa, Nel, Jeremy, Perumal, Rubeshan, Groome, Michelle J., Conradie, Francesca, Ndjeka, Norbert, Sigfrid, Louise, Merson, Laura, and Cohen, Cheryl

Published
2023
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11. Brief Report: Differentiated Service Delivery Framework for People With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection

Author

Reis, Karl, primary, Wolf, Allison, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Seepamore, Boitumelo, additional, Guzman, Kevin, additional, Ross, Jesse, additional, Cheung, Ying Kuen K., additional, Amico, K. Rivet, additional, Brust, James C. M., additional, Padayatchi, Nesri, additional, Friedland, Gerald, additional, Naidoo, Kogieleum, additional, Daftary, Amrita, additional, Zelnick, Jennifer, additional, and O'Donnell, Max, additional

Published
2024
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13. The intersecting pandemics of tuberculosis and COVID-19: population-level and patient-level impact, clinical presentation, and corrective interventions

Author

Dheda, Keertan, Perumal, Tahlia, Moultrie, Harry, Perumal, Rubeshan, Esmail, Aliasgar, Scott, Alex J, Udwadia, Zarir, Chang, Kwok Chiu, Peter, Jonathan, Pooran, Anil, von Delft, Arne, von Delft, Dalene, Martinson, Neil, Loveday, Marian, Charalambous, Salome, Kachingwe, Elizabeth, Jassat, Waasila, Cohen, Cheryl, Tempia, Stefano, Fennelly, Kevin, and Pai, Madhukar

Published
2022
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15. Baseline and treatment-emergent bedaquiline resistance in drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Perumal, Rubeshan, primary, Bionghi, Neda, additional, Nimmo, Camus, additional, Letsoalo, Marothi, additional, Cummings, Matthew J., additional, Hopson, Madeleine, additional, Wolf, Allison, additional, Jubaer, Shamim Al, additional, Padayatchi, Nesri, additional, Naidoo, Kogieleum, additional, Larsen, Michelle H., additional, and O'Donnell, Max, additional

Published
2023
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20. Rapid Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis–Opportunities and Challenges.

Author

Naidoo, Kogieleum, Perumal, Rubeshan, Ngema, Senamile L., Shunmugam, Letitia, and Somboro, Anou M.

Subjects
MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, RESOURCE-limited settings, DIAGNOSIS, MULTIDRUG-resistant tuberculosis, DRUG resistance
Abstract

Global tuberculosis (TB) eradication is undermined by increasing prevalence of emerging resistance to available drugs, fuelling ongoing demand for more complex diagnostic and treatment strategies. Early detection of TB drug resistance coupled with therapeutic decision making guided by rapid characterisation of pre-treatment and treatment emergent resistance remains the most effective strategy for averting Drug-Resistant TB (DR-TB) transmission, reducing DR-TB associated mortality, and improving patient outcomes. Solid- and liquid-based mycobacterial culture methods remain the gold standard for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) detection and drug susceptibility testing (DST). Unfortunately, delays to result return, and associated technical challenges from requirements for specialised resource and capacity, have limited DST use and availability in many high TB burden resource-limited countries. There is increasing availability of a variety of rapid nucleic acid-based diagnostic assays with adequate sensitivity and specificity to detect gene mutations associated with resistance to one or more drugs. While a few of these assays produce comprehensive calls for resistance to several first- and second-line drugs, there is still no endorsed genotypic drug susceptibility test assay for bedaquiline, pretomanid, and delamanid. The global implementation of regimens comprising these novel drugs in the absence of rapid phenotypic drug resistance profiling has generated a new set of diagnostic challenges and heralded a return to culture-based phenotypic DST. In this review, we describe the available tools for rapid diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis and discuss the associated opportunities and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Drug-Resistant TB, HIV and COVID-19 Co-Infection: Case Reviews from Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa.

Author

Hassan-Moosa, Razia, Motsomi, Kegaugetswe Wilhemina, Narasimmulu, Radhamoney, Sivro, Aida, Naidu, Kevindra K, Kharsany, Ayesha BM, Samsunder, Natasha, Perumal, Rubeshan, and Naidoo, Kogieleum

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, SARS disease, COVID-19, CORONAVIRUSES, HIV
Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) potentially exacerbates drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). We describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of three patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), DR-TB and COVID-19.Case One: A virologically suppressed 31-year-old man on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB treatment presented with mild COVID-19 and was hospitalised for 10 days of clinical monitoring, despite being clinically stable with normal baseline inflammatory markers. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus polymerase chain reaction (SARS-CoV-2 PCR) positivity persisted at Day 28.Case Two: A virologically suppressed 37-year-old woman on ART and MDR-TB treatment presented with moderate COVID-19. Baseline inflammatory markers were raised, and dexamethasone and azithromycin were initiated with good clinical improvement. SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity persisted at Day 28.Case Three: A viraemic 24-year-old woman on second-line ART and MDR-TB treatment, presented with mild COVID-19 disease, normal oxygenation and normal inflammatory markers, and remained clinically stable with negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR at Days 14 and 28.Conclusion: Screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection is advised for DR-TB patients with new or worsening respiratory symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Intra-Host Evolution Among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients Failing Treatment

Author

Perumal,Rubeshan, Khan,Azraa, Naidoo,Kogieleum, Ngema,Senamile L, Nandlal,Louansha, Padayatchi,Nesri, Dookie,Navisha, Perumal,Rubeshan, Khan,Azraa, Naidoo,Kogieleum, Ngema,Senamile L, Nandlal,Louansha, Padayatchi,Nesri, and Dookie,Navisha

Abstract

Rubeshan Perumal,1,2 Azraa Khan,1 Kogieleum Naidoo,1,2 Senamile L Ngema,1 Louansha Nandlal,1,2 Nesri Padayatchi,1,2 Navisha Dookie1,2 1Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; 2South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) – CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South AfricaCorrespondence: Rubeshan Perumal, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa, Tel +27 31 260 4555, Fax +27 31 260 4566, Email Rubeshan.perumal@caprisa.orgBackground: Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) intra-host evolution of drug resistance is important for successful drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment and control strategies. This study aimed to characterise the acquisition of genetic mutations and low-frequency variants associated with treatment-emergent Mtb drug resistance in longitudinally profiled clinical isolates from patients who experienced DR-TB treatment failure.Patients and Methods: We performed deep Whole Genome Sequencing on 23 clinical isolates obtained longitudinally across nine timepoints from five patients who experienced DR-TB treatment failure enrolled in the CAPRISA 020 InDEX study. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were established on the BACTEC™ MGIT 960™ instrument on 15/23 longitudinal clinical isolates for eight anti-TB drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, clofazimine, bedaquiline).Results: In total, 22 resistance associated mutations/variants were detected. We observed four treatment-emergent mutations in two out of the five patients. Emerging resistance to the fluoroquinolones was associated with 16- and 64-fold elevated levofloxacin (2– 8 mg/L) and moxifloxacin (1– 2 mg/L) MICs, respectively, resulting from the D94G/N and

Published
2023

26. Metformin Increases Cell Viability and Regulates Pro-Inflammatory Response to Mtb

Author

Naicker,Nikita, Rodel,Hylton, Perumal,Rubeshan, Ganga,Yashica, Bernstein,Mallory, Benede,Ntombi, Abdool Karim,Salim, Padayacthi,Nesri, Sigal,Alex, Naidoo,Kogieleum, Naicker,Nikita, Rodel,Hylton, Perumal,Rubeshan, Ganga,Yashica, Bernstein,Mallory, Benede,Ntombi, Abdool Karim,Salim, Padayacthi,Nesri, Sigal,Alex, and Naidoo,Kogieleum

Abstract

Nikita Naicker,1 Hylton Rodel,2 Rubeshan Perumal,1 Yashica Ganga,2 Mallory Bernstein,2 Ntombi Benede,2 Salim Abdool Karim,1,3 Nesri Padayacthi,1,3 Alex Sigal,2,4,5 Kogieleum Naidoo1,3 1Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa; 2Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; 3MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; 4School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; 5Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, GermanyCorrespondence: Nikita Naicker, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, 2nd Floor, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4041, South Africa, Tel +27843011636, Email nikita.naicker@caprisa.orgIntroduction: Current TB treatment regimens are pathogen-directed and can be severely compromised by the development of drug resistance. Metformin has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy for TB, however relatively little is known about how metformin modulates the cellular interaction between Mtb and macrophages. We aimed to characterize how metformin modulates Mtb growth within macrophages.Methods: We utilized live cell tracking through time-lapse microscopy to better understand the biological effect of metformin in response to Mtb infection. Furthermore, the potent first-line anti-TB drug, isoniazid, was used as a comparator and as a companion drug.Results: Metformin caused a 14.2-fold decrease in Mtb growth compared to the untreated control. Metformin combined with isoniazid controlled Mtb growth is slightly better than isoniazid alone. Metformin demonstrated the ability to regulate the cytokine and chemokine response over a 72 hour period, better than isoniazid only.Conclusion: We provide novel evidence that metformin controls mycobacterial growth by increasing host cell viability, and a direct and independent pro-inflammatory response to Mtb. Unders

Published
2023

29. A cohort study of Post COVID-19 Condition across the Beta, Delta and Omicron waves in South Africa: 6-month follow up of hospitalised and non-hospitalised participants

Author

Jassat, Waasila, primary, Mudara, Caroline, additional, Vika, Caroline, additional, Welch, Richard, additional, Arendse, Tracy, additional, Dryden, Murray, additional, Blumberg, Lucille, additional, Mayet, Natalie, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Parker, Arifa, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Groome, Michelle J., additional, Conradie, Francesca, additional, Ndjeka, Norbert, additional, Sigfrid, Louise, additional, Merson, Laura, additional, and Cohen, Cheryl, additional

Published
2022
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30. INSTIs for the management of HIV-associated TB (INSIGHT study): a phase 2b study to evaluate the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of a combination of bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis on a rifampicin-based treatment regimen: a phase 2b open-label randomised controlled trial

Author

Naidoo, Anushka, primary, Dooley, Kelly E, additional, Naidoo, Kogieleum, additional, Padayatchi, Nesri, additional, Yende-Zuma, Nonhlanhla, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Dorse, Gillian, additional, Boodhram, Resha, additional, and Osuala, Emmanuella Chinonso, additional

Published
2022
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31. Are We Capable of Unveiling the Missed Epidemic of Isoniazid-resistant Tuberculosis?

Author

Perumal, Rubeshan and Naidoo, Kogieleum

Subjects
NUCLEIC acid amplification techniques, WHOLE genome sequencing, CONVENIENCE sampling (Statistics), ROUTINE diagnostic tests, TUBERCULOUS meningitis
Abstract

The article discusses the issue of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis (Hr-TB), which is a serious but often overlooked public health threat. Despite the recognition of the high prevalence of Hr-TB and its negative impact on treatment outcomes, there has been little effort to implement tools for rapid detection of isoniazid resistance or evaluate alternative treatment regimens. The article highlights the limitations of current diagnostic technologies in detecting Hr-TB and calls for greater investment in rapid culture-independent phenotypic assays and next-generation molecular DST assays. The consequences of a missed Hr-TB epidemic could be significant, including the potential for the evolution of multidrug-resistant TB. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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34. Metformin Increases Cell Viability and Regulates Pro-Inflammatory Response to Mtb.

Author

Naicker, Nikita, Rodel, Hylton, Perumal, Rubeshan, Ganga, Yashica, Bernstein, Mallory, Benede, Ntombi, Karim, Salim Abdool, Padayacthi, Nesri, Sigal, Alex, and Naidoo, Kogieleum

Subjects
METFORMIN, DRUG resistance, CHEMOKINE receptors, ISONIAZID, CELL survival
Abstract

Introduction: Current TB treatment regimens are pathogen-directed and can be severely compromised by the development of drug resistance. Metformin has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy for TB, however relatively little is known about how metformin modulates the cellular interaction between Mtb and macrophages. We aimed to characterize how metformin modulates Mtb growth within macrophages. Methods: We utilized live cell tracking through time-lapse microscopy to better understand the biological effect of metformin in response to Mtb infection. Furthermore, the potent first-line anti-TB drug, isoniazid, was used as a comparator and as a companion drug. Results: Metformin caused a 14.2-fold decrease in Mtb growth compared to the untreated control. Metformin combined with isoniazid controlled Mtb growth is slightly better than isoniazid alone. Metformin demonstrated the ability to regulate the cytokine and chemokine response over a 72 hour period, better than isoniazid only. Conclusion: We provide novel evidence that metformin controls mycobacterial growth by increasing host cell viability, and a direct and independent pro-inflammatory response to Mtb. Understanding the impact of metformin on Mtb growth within macrophages will advance our current knowledge on metformin as an adjunctive therapy, providing a new host-directed approach to TB treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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36. An All-Oral 6-Month Regimen for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (the NExT Study)

Author

Esmail, Aliasgar, primary, Oelofse, Suzette, additional, Lombard, Carl, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Mbuthini, Linda, additional, Goolam Mahomed, Akhter, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, Black, John, additional, Oluboyo, Patrick, additional, Gwentshu, Nelile, additional, Ngam, Eric, additional, Ackerman, Tertius, additional, Marais, Linde, additional, Mottay, Lynelle, additional, Meier, Stuart, additional, Pooran, Anil, additional, Tomasicchio, Michele, additional, Te Riele, Julian, additional, Derendinger, Brigitta, additional, Ndjeka, Norbert, additional, Maartens, Gary, additional, Warren, Robin, additional, Martinson, Neil, additional, and Dheda, Keertan, additional

Published
2022
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37. Rapid Molecular Assays for the Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis [Corrigendum]

Author

Nandlal,Louansha, Perumal,Rubeshan, Naidoo,Kogieleum, Nandlal,Louansha, Perumal,Rubeshan, and Naidoo,Kogieleum

Abstract

Nandlal L, Perumal R, Naidoo K. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:4971–4984. Table 2 Performance of WHO-Endorsed Molecular Diagnostics for Drug-Resistant TB Diagnosis and Drug-Susceptibility Testing The authors have advised that there is an error in Table 2 on pages 4975 and 4976. The text “$1240” in the Cost Per Test column for the TRUENAT MTB-RIF Dx (Molbio) 2020 row should read “$12.40”. This error was introduced by the Editorial staff during the publication process. The correct Table 2 is shown below.

Published
2022

38. Rapid Molecular Assays for the Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Author

Nandlal,Louansha, Perumal,Rubeshan, Naidoo,Kogieleum, Nandlal,Louansha, Perumal,Rubeshan, and Naidoo,Kogieleum

Abstract

Louansha Nandlal,* Rubeshan Perumal,* Kogieleum Naidoo* Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)-CAPRISA-TB-HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rubeshan Perumal, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)-CAPRISA-TB-HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa, Email Rubeshan.Perumal@caprisa.orgAbstract: The recognition that drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a major threat to global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts has catalysed the development of new and urgently needed TB diagnostics. The full beneficial impact of the subsequent flood of new TB diagnostic tests into the market can only be realised if these diagnostic tests are readily accessible to TB programs and contribute to improved patient outcomes. Although phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing remains the gold standard, an improved understanding of the relationship between mutations and different levels of drug resistance coupled with the advantages of molecular diagnostics could result in rapid molecular diagnostic tests replacing phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing. Successful diagnostics need to diagnose all forms of drug-resistant TB prevalent in each geographic region. Given the finite number and often limited availability of effective drugs for DR-TB, the diagnostic test must be able to detect all clinically important types of resistance to available anti-TB drugs. However, less comprehensive resistance profiling may be sufficient in settings where extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) and pre-XDR are absent. Rapid molecular diagnostic tests for DR-TB detection suitable

Published
2022

39. Post COVID-19 Condition in South Africa: 3-month follow-up after hospitalisation with SARS-CoV-2

Author

Dryden, Murray, primary, Mudara, Caroline, additional, Vika, Caroline, additional, Blumberg, Lucille, additional, Mayet, Natalie, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Parker, Arifa, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Groome, Michelle J., additional, Conradie, Francesca, additional, Ndjeka, Norbert, additional, Sigfrid, Louise, additional, Merson, Laura, additional, and Jassat, Waasila, additional

Published
2022
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41. Post COVID-19 Condition in South Africa: 3-Month Follow-Up after Hospitalisation with SARS-CoV-2

Author

Dryden, Murray Thomas Goble, primary, Mudara, Caroline, additional, Vika, Caroline, additional, Blumberg, Lucille, additional, Mayet, Natalie, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Parker, Arifa, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Groome, Michelle, additional, Conradie, Francesca, additional, Ndjeka, Norbert, additional, Sigfrid, Louise, additional, Merson, Laura, additional, and Jassat, Waasila, additional

Published
2022
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42. The relationship between clinical trial participation and inhaler technique errors in asthma and COPD patients

Author

Perumal, Rubeshan and Van Zyl-Smit, Richard

Subjects
Pulmonology
Abstract

Background Incorrect inhaler use is associated with poorer health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and higher healthcare utilisation in patients with asthma and COPD. Method We performed an observational study of pressurized metered-dose inhaler technique in patients with asthma or COPD. Patients were assessed using a six-point inhaler checklist to identify common critical inhaler technique errors. An inadequate inhaler technique was defined as the presence of one or more critical errors. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the odds of an inadequate inhaler technique. Results During the 14-month study period, 357 patients were enrolled. At least one critical error was executed by 66.7% of participants, and 24.9% made four or more critical errors. The most common errors were: failure to exhale completely prior to pMDI activation and inhalation (49.6%), failure to perform a slow, deep inhalation following device activation (48.7%), and failure to perform a breathhold at the end of inspiration (47.3%). The risk of a critical error was higher in COPD patients (aOR 2.25, 95%CI 1.13 – 4.47). Prior training reduced error risk specifically when trained by a doctor (aOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.1 – 0.57) or a pharmacist (aOR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01 – 0.26) compared to those with no training. Previous clinical trial participation significantly reduced error risk and rate:< 3 trials (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 – 0.66) and ≥3 trials (aOR 0.17, 95% CI 0.07 – 0.42). The rate of critical errors was not significantly associated with age, sex, or prior pMDI experience. Conclusion This study found a high rate of critical inhaler technique errors in a mixed population of asthma and COPD patients; however, prior training and in particular, multiple previous clinical trial participation significantly reduced the risk of errors.

Published
2021

43. A position statement and practical guide to the use of particulate filtering facepiece (N95, FFP2, or equivalent) respirators for South African health care workers exposed to respiratory pathogens including M. tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2

Author

Lalloo, Umesh, Feldman, Charles, Nyamande, Kennedy, Wong, Michelle, Karat, Aaron, Dawood, Halima, Esmail, Aliasgar, Lalla, Usha, Koegelenberg, Coenraad, Zar, Heather, Hausler, Harry, Venter, Francois, Richards, Guy, Charalambous, Salome, von Delft, Arne, van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari, Dheda, Keertan, Ntusi, Ntobeko, Perumal, Rubeshan, Duse, Adriano, Nel, Jeremy, Churchyard, Gavin, Adams, Shahieda, Allwood, Brian, van Zyl Smit, Richard, Moultrie, Harry, Martinson, Neil, Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus, Lasersohn, Lance, Mer, Mervyn, and Prieser, Wolfgang

Subjects
bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Diseases|Virus Diseases, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Diseases, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Diseases|Bacterial Infections and Mycoses, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Public Health|Epidemiology, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Public Health, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Public Health|Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Public Health|Health Services Research
Abstract

Executive summaryInitial recommendations for protecting health care workers (HCWs) against COVID-19 were based on an early and incomplete understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission; namely, that it occurred mainly via large respiratory droplets (>10 µm) that were inhaled into the nasopharynx, directly inoculated onto mucous membranes, deposited on the skin and transferred by direct contact, or transferred indirectly by infected fomites. There is now substantial evidence to show that transmission by aerosol (particles

Published
2021

44. A position statement and practical guide to the use of particulate filtering facepiece (N95, FFP2, or equivalent) respirators for South African health care workers exposed to respiratory pathogens including M. tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2

Author

Dheda, Keertan, primary, Charalambous, Salome, additional, Karat, Aaron S, additional, von Delft, Arne, additional, Lalloo, Umesh G, additional, van Zyl Smit, Richard, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Allwood, Brian W, additional, Esmail, Aliasgar, additional, Wong, Michelle L, additional, Duse, Adriano, additional, Richards, Guy, additional, Feldman, Charles, additional, Mer, Mervyn, additional, Nyamande, Kennedy, additional, Lalla, Usha, additional, Koegelenberg, Coenraad FN, additional, Venter, Francois, additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, Adams, Shahieda, additional, Ntusi, Ntobeko A. B., additional, Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus S, additional, van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari, additional, Martinson, Neil A, additional, Moultrie, Harry, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Hausler, Harry, additional, Prieser, Wolfgang, additional, Lasersohn, Lance, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, and Churchyard, Gavin J, additional

Published
2021
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45. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials

Author

Voysey, Merryn, primary, Costa Clemens, Sue Ann, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Weckx, Lily Y, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Baillie, Vicky L, additional, Barnabas, Shaun L, additional, Bhorat, Qasim E, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Briner, Carmen, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Cutland, Clare L, additional, Darton, Thomas C, additional, Dheda, Keertan, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Duncan, Christopher J A, additional, Emary, Katherine R W, additional, Ewer, Katie J, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Fairlie, Lee, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Galiza, Eva, additional, Goodman, Anna L, additional, Green, Catherine M, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Hill, Helen C, additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Izu, Alane, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Joe, Carina C D, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Koen, Anthonet, additional, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J, additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G, additional, Marshall, Richard P, additional, Mendes, Ana V A, additional, Milan, Eveline P, additional, Minassian, Angela M, additional, McGregor, Alastair, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, Padayachee, Sherman D, additional, Phillips, Daniel J, additional, Pittella, Ana, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, Ritchie, Adam J, additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Sprinz, Eduardo, additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Török, M Estée, additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L, additional, White, Thomas, additional, Williams, Christopher J, additional, Douglas, Alexander D, additional, Hill, Adrian V S, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Aban, Marites, additional, Abeyskera, Kushala W.M., additional, Aboagye, Jeremy, additional, Adam, Matthew, additional, Adams, Kirsty, additional, Adamson, James P., additional, Adewatan, Gbadebo, additional, Adlou, Syed, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Akhalwaya, Saajida, additional, Alcock, Andrew, additional, Ali, Aabidah, additional, Allen, Elizabeth R., additional, Allen, Lauren, additional, Alvernaz, Felipe B., additional, Amorim, Fabio Santos, additional, Andrade, Claudia Sala, additional, Andritsou, Foteini, additional, Anslow, Rachel, additional, Arbe-Barnes, Edward H., additional, Ariaans, Mark P., additional, Arns, Beatriz, additional, Arruda, Laiana, additional, Assad, Luiza, additional, Azi, Paula De Almeida, additional, Azi, Lorena De Almeida, additional, Babbage, Gavin, additional, Bailey, Catherine, additional, Baker, Kenneth F., additional, Baker, Megan, additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Baker, Philip, additional, Baleanu, Ioana, additional, Bandeira, Danieli, additional, Bara, Anna, additional, Barbosa, Marcella A.S., additional, Barker, Debbie, additional, Barlow, Gavin D., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Barr, Andrew S., additional, Barrett, Jordan R., additional, Barrett, Jessica, additional, Barrett, Kelly, additional, Bates, Louise, additional, Batten, Alexander, additional, Beadon, Kirsten, additional, Beales, Emily, additional, Beckley, Rebecca, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Bell, Jonathan, additional, Bellamy, Duncan, additional, Belton, Sue, additional, Berg, Adam, additional, Bermejo, Laura, additional, Berrie, Eleanor, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Berzenyi, Daniella, additional, Beveridge, Amy, additional, Bewley, Kevin R., additional, Bharaj, Inderjeet, additional, Bhikha, Sutika, additional, Bhorat, Asad E., additional, Bhorat, Zaheda E., additional, Bijker, Else Margreet, additional, Birch, Sarah, additional, Birch, Gurpreet, additional, Birchall, Kathryn, additional, Bird, Adam, additional, Bird, Olivia, additional, Bisnauthsing, Karen, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Blackwell, Luke, additional, Blacow, Rachel, additional, Bletchly, Heather, additional, Blundell, Caitlin L., additional, Blundell, Susannah R., additional, Bodalia, Pritesh, additional, Bolam, Emma, additional, Boland, Elena, additional, Bormans, Daan, additional, Borthwick, Nicola, additional, Bowring, Francesca, additional, Boyd, Amy, additional, Bradley, Penny, additional, Brenner, Tanja, additional, Bridges-Webb, Alice, additional, Brown, Phillip, additional, Brown, Claire, additional, Brown-O'Sullivan, Charlie, additional, Bruce, Scott, additional, Brunt, Emily, additional, Budd, William, additional, Bulbulia, Yusuf A., additional, Bull, Melanie, additional, Burbage, Jamie, additional, Burn, Aileen, additional, Buttigieg, Karen R., additional, Byard, Nicholas, additional, Cabrera Puig, Ingrid, additional, Calvert, Anna, additional, Camara, Susana, additional, Cao, Michelangelo, additional, Cappuccini, Federica, additional, Cardona, Rita, additional, Cardoso, João R., additional, Carr, Melanie, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Carson-Stevens, Andrew, additional, Carvalho, Yasmin de M., additional, Casey, Helen R., additional, Cashen, Paul, additional, Castro, Thais R.Y., additional, Castro, Lucia Carratala, additional, Cathie, Katrina, additional, Cavey, Ana, additional, Cerbino-Neto, José, additional, Cezar, Luiz Fernando F., additional, Chadwick, Jim, additional, Chanice, Chanice, additional, Chapman, David, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Cheliotis, Katerina S., additional, Chelysheva, Irina, additional, Chester, Oliver, additional, Chiplin, Emily, additional, Chita, Sunder, additional, Cho, Jee-Sun, additional, Cifuentes, Liliana, additional, Clark, Elizabeth, additional, Clark, Matthew, additional, Colin-Jones, Rachel, additional, Collins, Sarah L.K., additional, Colton, Hayley, additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Connarty, Sean, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Cooper, Cushla, additional, Cooper, Rachel, additional, Cornelissen, Lynne, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Cosgrove, Catherine A., additional, Costa, Fernanda Barroso, additional, Cox, Tony, additional, Crocker, Wendy E.M., additional, Crosbie, Sarah, additional, Cullen, Dan, additional, Cunha, Debora R.M.F., additional, Cunningham, Christina J., additional, Cuthbertson, Fiona C., additional, da Costa, Daniel Marinho, additional, Da Guarda, Suzete N. Farias, additional, da Silva, Larissa P., additional, da Silva Moraes, Antonio Carlos, additional, Damratoski, Brad E., additional, Danos, Zsofia, additional, Dantas, Maria T.D.C., additional, Datoo, Mehreen S., additional, Datta, Chandrabali, additional, Davids, Malika, additional, Davies, Sarah L., additional, Davies, Kelly, additional, Davies, Hannah, additional, Davies, Sophie, additional, Davies, Judith, additional, Davis, Elizabeth J., additional, Davis, John, additional, de Carvalho, José A.M., additional, De Jager, Jeanne, additional, de Jesus Jnr, Sergio, additional, De Oliveira Kalid, Lis Moreno, additional, Dearlove, David, additional, Demissie, Tesfaye, additional, Desai, Amisha, additional, Di Marco, Stefania, additional, Di Maso, Claudio, additional, Dinesh, Tanya, additional, Docksey, Claire, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Donnellan, Francesca R., additional, Dos Santos, Tannyth Gomes, additional, Dos Santos, Thainá G., additional, Dos Santos, Erika Pachecho, additional, Douglas, Naomi, additional, Downing, Charlotte, additional, Drake, Jonathan, additional, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, additional, Drury, Ruth, additional, Du Plessis, Joan, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Duncan, Andrew, additional, Easom, Nicholas J.W., additional, Edwards, Mandy, additional, Edwards, Nick J., additional, Edwards, Frances, additional, El Muhanna, Omar M., additional, Elias, Sean C., additional, Ellison-Handley, Branwen, additional, Elmore, Michael J., additional, English, Marcus Rex, additional, Esmail, Alisgair, additional, Essack, Yakub Moosa, additional, Farooq, Mutjaba, additional, Fedosyuk, Sofiya, additional, Felle, Sally, additional, Ferguson, Susie, additional, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, additional, Field, Samantha, additional, Fisher, Richard, additional, Fletcher, James, additional, Fofie, Hazel, additional, Fok, Henry, additional, Ford, Karen J., additional, Fothergill, Ross, additional, Fowler, Jamie, additional, Fraiman, Pedro H.A., additional, Francis, Emma, additional, Franco, Marilia M., additional, Frater, John, additional, Freire, Marilúcia S.M., additional, Fry, Samantha H., additional, Fudge, Sabrina, additional, Furlan Filho, Renato, additional, Furze, Julie, additional, Fuskova, Michelle, additional, Galian-Rubio, Pablo, additional, Garlant, Harriet, additional, Gavrila, Madita, additional, Gibbons, Karyna A., additional, Gilbride, Ciaran, additional, Gill, Hardeep, additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Gokani, Karishma, additional, Gonçalves, Maria Luisa Freire, additional, Gonzalez, Isabela G.S., additional, Goodall, Jack, additional, Goodwin, Jayne, additional, Goondiwala, Amina, additional, Gordon-Quayle, Katherine, additional, Gorini, Giacomo, additional, Goyanna, Alvaro, additional, Grab, Janet, additional, Gracie, Lara, additional, Green, Justin, additional, Greenwood, Nicola, additional, Greffrath, Johann, additional, Groenewald, Marisa M., additional, Gunawardene, Anishka, additional, Gupta, Gaurav, additional, Hackett, Mark, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Hamaluba, Mainga, additional, Hamilton, Elizabeth, additional, Hamlyn, Joseph, additional, Hammersley, Daniel, additional, Hanrath, Aidan T., additional, Hanumunthadu, Brama, additional, Harris, Stephanie A., additional, Harris, Clair, additional, Harrison, Thomas D., additional, Harrison, Daisy, additional, Harris-Wright, Tara A., additional, Hart, Thomas C., additional, Hartnell, Birgit, additional, Haughney, John, additional, Hawkins, Sophia, additional, Hayano, Laís Y.M., additional, Head, Ian, additional, Heath, Paul T., additional, Henry, John Aaron, additional, Hermosin Herrera, Macarena, additional, Hettle, David B., additional, Higa, Cristhiane, additional, Hill, Jennifer, additional, Hodges, Gina, additional, Hodgson, Susanne, additional, Horne, Elizea, additional, Hou, Mimi M., additional, Houlihan, Catherine F., additional, Howe, Elizabeth, additional, Howell, Nicola, additional, Humphreys, Jonathan, additional, Humphries, Holly E., additional, Hurley, Katrina, additional, Huson, Claire, additional, Hyams, Catherine, additional, Hyder-Wright, Angela, additional, Ikram, Sabina, additional, Ishwarbhai, Alka, additional, Iveson, Poppy, additional, Iyer, Vidyashankara, additional, Jackson, Frederic, additional, Jackson, Susan, additional, Jaumdally, Shameem, additional, Jeffers, Helen, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Jones, Carina, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, Jones, Kathryn, additional, Jones, Elizabeth, additional, Jorge, Marianna Rocha, additional, Joshi, Amar, additional, Júnior, Eduardo A.M.S., additional, Kailath, Reshma, additional, Kana, Faeeza, additional, Kar, Arnab, additional, Karampatsas, Konstantinos, additional, Kasanyinga, Mwila, additional, Kay, Linda, additional, Keen, Jade, additional, Kellett Wright, Johanna, additional, Kelly, Elizabeth J., additional, Kelly, Debbie, additional, Kelly, Dearbhla M., additional, Kelly, Sarah, additional, Kerr, David, additional, Khan, Liaquat, additional, Khozoee, Baktash, additional, Khurana, Ankush, additional, Kidd, Sarah, additional, Killen, Annabel, additional, Kinch, Jasmin, additional, Kinch, Patrick, additional, King, Lloyd D.W., additional, King, Thomas B., additional, Kingham, Lucy, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Kluczna, Diana M., additional, Knapper, Francesca, additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Knott, Daniel, additional, Koleva, Stanislava, additional, Lages, Pedro M., additional, Lang, Matilda, additional, Lang, Gail, additional, Larkworthy, Colin W., additional, Larwood, Jessica P.J., additional, Law, Rebecca, additional, Lawrie, Alison M., additional, Lazarus, Erica M., additional, Leach, Amanda, additional, Lees, Emily A., additional, Lelliott, Alice, additional, Lemm, Nana-Marie, additional, Lessa, Alvaro Edson Ramos, additional, Leung, Stephanie, additional, Li, Yuanyuan, additional, Lias, Amelia M., additional, Liatsikos, Konstantinos, additional, Linder, Aline, additional, Lipworth, Samuel, additional, Liu, Shuchang, additional, Liu, Xinxue, additional, Lloyd, Adam, additional, Lloyd, Stephanie, additional, Loew, Lisa, additional, Lopez Ramon, Raquel, additional, Lora, Leandro Bonecker, additional, Luz, Kleber Giovanni, additional, MacDonald, Jonathan C., additional, MacGregor, Gordon, additional, Madhavan, Meera, additional, Mainwaring, David O., additional, Makambwa, Edson, additional, Makinson, Rebecca, additional, Malahleha, Mookho, additional, Malamatsho, Ross, additional, Mallett, Garry, additional, Manning, Nicola, additional, Mansatta, Kushal, additional, Maoko, Takalani, additional, Marinou, Spyridoula, additional, Marlow, Emma, additional, Marques, Gabriela N., additional, Marriott, Paula, additional, Marshall, Richard P., additional, Marshall, Julia L., additional, Masenya, Masebole, additional, Masilela, Mduduzi, additional, Masters, Shauna K., additional, Mathew, Moncy, additional, Matlebjane, Hosea, additional, Matshidiso, Kedidimetse, additional, Mazur, Olga, additional, Mazzella, Andrea, additional, McCaughan, Hugh, additional, McEwan, Joanne, additional, McGlashan, Joanna, additional, McInroy, Lorna, additional, McRobert, Nicky, additional, McSwiggan, Steve, additional, Megson, Clare, additional, Mehdipour, Savviz, additional, Meijs, Wilma, additional, Mendonça, Renata N.Õ., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Mesquita, Ana Carolina F., additional, Miralhes, Patricia, additional, Mirtorabi, Neginsadat, additional, Mitton, Celia, additional, Mnyakeni, Sibusiso, additional, Moghaddas, Fiona, additional, Molapo, Kgaogelo, additional, Moloi, Mapule, additional, Moore, Maria, additional, Moran, Marni, additional, Morey, Ella, additional, Morgans, Róisín, additional, Morris, Susan J., additional, Morris, Sheila, additional, Morrison, Hazel, additional, Morselli, Franca, additional, Morshead, Gertraud, additional, Morter, Richard, additional, Mottay, Lynelle, additional, Moultrie, Andrew, additional, Moyo, Nathifa, additional, Mpelembue, Mushiya, additional, Msomi, Sibekezelo, additional, Mugodi, Yvonne, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Ekta, additional, Muller, Jilly, additional, Munro, Alasdair, additional, Murphy, Sarah, additional, Mweu, Philomena, additional, Myerscough, Christopher, additional, Naik, Gurudutt, additional, Naker, Kush, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Ndlovu, Bongani, additional, Nikolaou, Elissavet, additional, Njenga, Cecilia, additional, Noal, Helena C., additional, Noé, Andrés, additional, Novaes, Gabrielle, additional, Nugent, Fay L., additional, Nunes, Géssika Lanzillo A., additional, O'Brien, Katie, additional, O'Connor, Daniel, additional, Oelofse, Suzette, additional, Oguti, Blanche, additional, Olchawski, Victoria, additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Oliveira, Marianne G., additional, Oliveira, Catarina, additional, Oliveira, Isabelle Silva Queiroz, additional, Oommen-Jose, Aylin, additional, Oosthuizen, Angela, additional, O'Reilly, Paula, additional, O'Reilly, Peter J., additional, Osborne, Piper, additional, Owen, David R.J., additional, Owen, Lydia, additional, Owens, Daniel, additional, Owino, Nelly, additional, Pacurar, Mihaela, additional, Paiva, Brenda V.B., additional, Palhares, Edna M.F., additional, Palmer, Susan, additional, Parracho, Helena M. R.T., additional, Parsons, Karen, additional, Patel, Dipak, additional, Patel, Bhumika, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Patrick-Smith, Maia, additional, Payne, Ruth O., additional, Peng, Yanchun, additional, Penn, Elizabeth J., additional, Pennington, Anna, additional, Peralta Alvarez, Marco Polo, additional, Pereira Stuchi, Bruno Pereira, additional, Perez, Ana Luiza, additional, Perinpanathan, Tanaraj, additional, Perring, James, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Petkar, Sahir Yusuf, additional, Philip, Tricia, additional, Phillips, Jennifer, additional, Phohu, Mary Kgomotso, additional, Pickup, Lorinda, additional, Pieterse, Sonja, additional, Pinheiro, Jessica Morgana, additional, Piper, Jo, additional, Pipini, Dimitra, additional, Plank, Mary, additional, Plant, Sinéad, additional, Pollard, Samuel, additional, Pooley, Jennifer, additional, Pooran, Anil, additional, Poulton, Ian, additional, Powers, Claire, additional, Presa, Fernando B., additional, Price, David A., additional, Price, Vivien, additional, Primeira, Marcelo R., additional, Proud, Pamela C., additional, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, additional, Pueschel, Sophie, additional, Pulido, David, additional, Quaid, Sheena, additional, Rabara, Ria, additional, Radia, Kajal, additional, Rajapaska, Durga, additional, Rajeswaran, Thurkka, additional, Ramos, Leonardo, additional, Ramos, Alberto San Francisco, additional, Ramos Lopez, Fernando, additional, Rampling, Tommy, additional, Rand, Jade, additional, Ratcliffe, Helen, additional, Rawlinson, Tom, additional, Rea, David, additional, Rees, Byron, additional, Resuello-Dauti, Mila, additional, Reyes Pabon, Emilia, additional, Rhead, Sarah, additional, Riaz, Tawassal, additional, Ricamara, Marivic, additional, Richards, Alexander, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Ritchie, Neil, additional, Ritchie, Adam J., additional, Robbins, Alexander J., additional, Roberts, Hannah, additional, Robinson, Ryan E., additional, Roche, Sophie, additional, Rollier, Christine, additional, Rose, Louisa, additional, Ross Russell, Amy L., additional, Rossouw, Lindie, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, Rudiansyah, Indra, additional, Ryalls, Kim, additional, Sabine, Charlotte, additional, Saich, Stephen, additional, Sale, Jessica C., additional, Salman, Ahmed M., additional, Salvador, Natalia, additional, Salvador, Stephannie, additional, Sampaio, Milla Dias, additional, Samson, Annette D., additional, Sanchez-Gonzalez, Amada, additional, Sanders, Helen, additional, Sanders, Katherine, additional, Santos, Erika, additional, Santos Guerra, Mayara F.S., additional, Satti, Iman, additional, Saunders, Jack E., additional, Saunders, Caroline, additional, Sayed, Aakifah Bibi Arif, additional, Schim van der Loeff, Ina, additional, Schmid, Annina B., additional, Schofield, Ella, additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Seddiqi, Samiullah, additional, Segireddy, Rameswara R., additional, Senger, Roberta, additional, Serrano, Sonia, additional, Shaik, Imam, additional, Sharpe, Hannah R., additional, Sharrocks, Katherine, additional, Shaw, Robert, additional, Shea, Adam, additional, Sheehan, Emma, additional, Shepherd, Amy, additional, Shiham, Farah, additional, Silk, Sarah E., additional, Silva-Reyes, Laura, additional, Silveira, Lidiana B. T.D., additional, Silveira, Mariana B.V., additional, Singh, Nisha, additional, Sinha, Jaisi, additional, Skelly, Donal T., additional, Smith, Daniel C., additional, Smith, Nick, additional, Smith, Holly E., additional, Smith, David J., additional, Smith, Catherine C., additional, Soares, Airanuédida S., additional, Solórzano, Carla, additional, Sorio, Guilherme L., additional, Sorley, Kim, additional, Sosa-Rodriguez, Tiffany, additional, Souza, Cinthia M.C.D.L., additional, Souza, Bruno S.D.F., additional, Souza, Alessandra R., additional, Souza Lopez, Thamyres, additional, Sowole, Luciana, additional, Spencer, Alexandra J., additional, Spoors, Louise, additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Stamford, Imogen, additional, Stein, Ricardo, additional, Stockdale, Lisa, additional, Stockwell, Lisa V., additional, Strickland, Louise H., additional, Stuart, Arabella, additional, Sturdy, Ann, additional, Sutton, Natalina, additional, Szigeti, Anna, additional, Tahiri-Alaoui, Abdessamad, additional, Tanner, Rachel, additional, Taoushanis, Carol, additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Tarrant, Richard, additional, Taylor, Keja, additional, Taylor, Ursula, additional, Taylor, Iona Jennifer, additional, Taylor, Justin, additional, te Water Naude, Rebecca, additional, Templeton, Kate, additional, Themistocleous, Yrene, additional, Themistocleous, Andreas, additional, Thomas, Merin, additional, Thomas, Kelly, additional, Thomas, Tonia M., additional, Thombrayil, Asha, additional, Thompson, Julia, additional, Thompson, Fawziyah, additional, Thompson, Ameeka, additional, Thompson, Amber, additional, Thompson, Kevin, additional, Thornton-Jones, Viv, additional, Thotusi, Larissa H.S., additional, Tighe, Patrick J., additional, Tinoco, Lygia Accioly, additional, Tiongson, Gerlynn Ferreras, additional, Tladinyane, Bonolo, additional, Tomasicchio, Michele, additional, Tomic, Adriana, additional, Tonks, Susan, additional, Towner, James, additional, Tran, Nguyen, additional, Tree, Julia A., additional, Trillana, Gerry, additional, Trinham, Charlotte, additional, Trivett, Rose, additional, Truby, Adam, additional, Tsheko, Betty Lebogang, additional, Tubb, Philippa, additional, Turabi, Aadil, additional, Turner, Richard, additional, Turner, Cheryl, additional, Turner, Nicola, additional, Tyagi, Bhavya, additional, Ulaszewska, Marta, additional, Underwood, Benjamin R., additional, van Eck, Samual, additional, Varughese, Rachel, additional, Verbart, Dennis, additional, Verheul, Marije K., additional, Vichos, Iason, additional, Vieira, Taiane A., additional, Walker, Gemma, additional, Walker, Laura, additional, Wand, Matthew E., additional, Wardell, Theresa, additional, Warimwe, George M., additional, Warren, Sarah C., additional, Watkins, Bridget, additional, Watson, Marion E.E., additional, Watson, Ekaterina, additional, Webb, Stewart, additional, Webster, Angela, additional, Welch, Jessica, additional, Wellbelove, Zoe, additional, Wells, Jeanette H., additional, West, Alison J., additional, White, Beth, additional, White, Caroline, additional, White, Rachel, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Williams, Rachel L., additional, Willingham, Silvia, additional, Winslow, Rebecca, additional, Woods, Danielle, additional, Woodyer, Mark, additional, Worth, Andrew T., additional, Wright, Danny, additional, Wroblewska, Marzena, additional, Yao, Andy, additional, Yim, Yee Ting Nicole, additional, Zambrano, Marina Bauer, additional, Zimmer, Rafael Leal, additional, Zizi, Dalila, additional, and Zuidewind, Peter, additional

Published
2021
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46. The Relationship Between Clinical Trial Participation and Inhaler Technique Errors in Asthma and COPD Patients

Author

Perumal,Rubeshan, Leite,Marcia, and van Zyl-Smit,Richard Nellis

Subjects
International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Abstract

Rubeshan Perumal,1 Marcia Leite,2 Richard Nellis van Zyl-Smit1,2 1Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; 2UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South AfricaCorrespondence: Rubeshan Perumal Email rubeshanperumal@gmail.comBackground: Incorrect inhaler use is associated with poorer health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and higher healthcare utilisation in patients with asthma and COPD.Methods: We performed an observational study of pressurized metered-dose inhaler technique in patients with asthma or COPD. Patients were assessed using a six-point inhaler checklist to identify common critical inhaler technique errors. An inadequate inhaler technique was defined as the presence of one or more critical errors. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the odds of an inadequate inhaler technique.Results: During the 14-month study period, 357 patients were enrolled. At least one critical error was executed by 66.7% of participants, and 24.9% made four or more critical errors. The most common errors were failure to exhale completely prior to pMDI activation and inhalation (49.6%), failure to perform a slow, deep inhalation following device activation (48.7%), and failure to perform a breath-hold at the end of inspiration (47.3%). The risk of a critical error was higher in COPD patients (aOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.13– 4.47). Prior training reduced error risk specifically when trained by a doctor (aOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.1– 0.57) or a pharmacist (aOR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01– 0.26) compared to those with no training. Previous clinical trial participation significantly reduced error risk and rate: < 3 trials (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19– 0.66) and ≥ 3 trials (aOR 0.17, 95% CI 0.07– 0.42). The rate of critical errors was not significantly associated with age, sex, or prior pMDI experience.Conclusion: This study found a high rate of critical inhaler technique errors in a mixed population of asthma and COPD patients; however, prior training and, in particular, multiple previous clinical trial participation significantly reduced the risk of errors.Keywords: inhaler, pressurised metered-dose inhaler, clinical trials, asthma, COPD

Published
2020

47. An All-Oral 6-Month Regimen for Multi-Drug Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Multi-Centre, Phase 3, Open Label, Randomised Controlled Trial (NeXT Study)

Author

Dheda, Keertan, primary, Esmail, Aliasgar, additional, Oelofse, Suzette, additional, Lombard, Carl, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Mbuthini, Linda, additional, Goolam Mahomed, Akhter, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, Black, John, additional, Olobuyo, Patrick, additional, Gwentshu, Nelile, additional, Ngam, Eric, additional, Ackerman, Tertius, additional, Marais, Linde, additional, Mottay, Lynelle, additional, Meier, Stuart, additional, Pooran, Anil, additional, Tomasicchio, Michele, additional, Te Riele, Julian, additional, Derendinger, Brigitta, additional, Ndjeka, Norbert, additional, Maartens, Gary, additional, Warren, Robin, additional, and Martinson, Neil A., additional

Published
2021
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48. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Author

Voysey, Merryn, primary, Clemens, Sue Ann Costa, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Weckx, Lily Y, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Baillie, Vicky L, additional, Barnabas, Shaun L, additional, Bhorat, Qasim E, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Briner, Carmen, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Colin-Jones, Rachel, additional, Cutland, Clare L, additional, Darton, Thomas C, additional, Dheda, Keertan, additional, Duncan, Christopher J A, additional, Emary, Katherine R W, additional, Ewer, Katie J, additional, Fairlie, Lee, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Goodman, Anna L, additional, Green, Catherine M, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Heath, Paul T, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Hill, Helen, additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Hodgson, Susanne H C, additional, Izu, Alane, additional, Jackson, Susan, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Joe, Carina C D, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Koen, Anthonet, additional, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Lawrie, Alison M, additional, Lelliott, Alice, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J, additional, Mallory, Raburn, additional, Mendes, Ana V A, additional, Milan, Eveline P, additional, Minassian, Angela M, additional, McGregor, Alastair, additional, Morrison, Hazel, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, O’Reilly, Peter J, additional, Padayachee, Sherman D, additional, Pittella, Ana, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, Rhead, Sarah, additional, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V, additional, Singh, Nisha, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Sprinz, Eduardo, additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K, additional, Tarrant, Richard, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Török, M Estée, additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L, additional, Watson, Marion E E, additional, Williams, Christopher J, additional, Douglas, Alexander D, additional, Hill, Adrian V S, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Aban, Marites, additional, Abayomi, Fatola, additional, Abeyskera, Kushala, additional, Aboagye, Jeremy, additional, Adam, Matthew, additional, Adams, Kirsty, additional, Adamson, James, additional, Adelaja, Yemi A., additional, Adewetan, Gbadebo, additional, Adlou, Syed, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Akhalwaya, Saajida, additional, Alcock, Andrew, additional, Ali, Aabidah, additional, Allen, Elizabeth R., additional, Allen, Lauren, additional, Almeida, Thamires C. D. S. C, additional, Alves, Mariana P.S., additional, Amorim, Fabio, additional, Andritsou, Foteini, additional, Anslow, Rachel, additional, Appleby, Matthew, additional, Arbe-Barnes, Edward H., additional, Ariaans, Mark P., additional, Arns, Beatriz, additional, Arruda, Laiana, additional, Azi, Paula, additional, Azi, Lorena, additional, Babbage, Gavin, additional, Bailey, Catherine, additional, Baker, Kenneth F., additional, Baker, Megan, additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Baker, Philip, additional, Baldwin, Lisa, additional, Baleanu, Ioana, additional, Bandeira, Danieli, additional, Bara, Anna, additional, Barbosa, Marcella A.S., additional, Barker, Debbie, additional, Barlow, Gavin D., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Barr, Andrew S., additional, Barrett, Jordan R., additional, Barrett, Jessica, additional, Bates, Louise, additional, Batten, Alexander, additional, Beadon, Kirsten, additional, Beales, Emily, additional, Beckley, Rebecca, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Bell, Jonathan, additional, Bellamy, Duncan, additional, Bellei, Nancy, additional, Belton, Sue, additional, Berg, Adam, additional, Bermejo, Laura, additional, Berrie, Eleanor, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Berzenyi, Daniella, additional, Beveridge, Amy, additional, Bewley, Kevin R., additional, Bexhell, Helen, additional, Bhikha, Sutika, additional, Bhorat, Asad E., additional, Bhorat, Zaheda E., additional, Bijker, Else, additional, Birch, Geeta, additional, Birch, Sarah, additional, Bird, Adam, additional, Bird, Olivia, additional, Bisnauthsing, Karen, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Blackstone, Katherine, additional, Blackwell, Luke, additional, Bletchly, Heather, additional, Blundell, Caitlin L., additional, Blundell, Susannah R., additional, Bodalia, Pritesh, additional, Boettger, Bruno C., additional, Bolam, Emma, additional, Boland, Elena, additional, Bormans, Daan, additional, Borthwick, Nicola, additional, Bowring, Francesca, additional, Boyd, Amy, additional, Bradley, Penny, additional, Brenner, Tanja, additional, Brown, Phillip, additional, Brown, Claire, additional, Brown-O'Sullivan, Charlie, additional, Bruce, Scott, additional, Brunt, Emily, additional, Buchan, Ruaridh, additional, Budd, William, additional, Bulbulia, Yusuf A., additional, Bull, Melanie, additional, Burbage, Jamie, additional, Burhan, Hassan, additional, Burn, Aileen, additional, Buttigieg, Karen R., additional, Byard, Nicholas, additional, Cabera Puig, Ingrid, additional, Calderon, Gloria, additional, Calvert, Anna, additional, Camara, Susana, additional, Cao, Michelangelo, additional, Cappuccini, Federica, additional, Cardoso, João R., additional, Carr, Melanie, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Carson-Stevens, Andrew, additional, Carvalho, Yasmin de M., additional, Carvalho, José A.M., additional, Casey, Helen R., additional, Cashen, Paul, additional, Castro, Thais, additional, Castro, Lucia Carratala, additional, Cathie, Katrina, additional, Cavey, Ana, additional, Cerbino-Neto, José, additional, Chadwick, Jim, additional, Chapman, David, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Chelysheva, Irina, additional, Chester, Oliver, additional, Chita, Sunder, additional, Cho, Jee-Sun, additional, Cifuentes, Liliana, additional, Clark, Elizabeth, additional, Clark, Matthew, additional, Clarke, Andrea, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A., additional, Collins, Sarah L.K., additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Connarty, Sean, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Cooper, Cushla, additional, Cooper, Rachel, additional, Cornelissen, Lynne, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Cosgrove, Catherine, additional, Cox, Tony, additional, Crocker, Wendy E.M., additional, Crosbie, Sarah, additional, Cullen, Lorraine, additional, Cullen, Dan, additional, Cunha, Debora R.M.F., additional, Cunningham, Christina, additional, Cuthbertson, Fiona C., additional, Da Guarda, Suzete N. Farias, additional, da Silva, Larissa P., additional, Damratoski, Brad E., additional, Danos, Zsofia, additional, Dantas, Maria T.D.C., additional, Darroch, Paula, additional, Datoo, Mehreen S., additional, Datta, Chandrabali, additional, Davids, Malika, additional, Davies, Sarah L., additional, Davies, Hannah, additional, Davis, Elizabeth, additional, Davis, Judith, additional, Davis, John, additional, De Nobrega, Maristela M.D., additional, De Oliveira Kalid, Lis Moreno, additional, Dearlove, David, additional, Demissie, Tesfaye, additional, Desai, Amisha, additional, Di Marco, Stefania, additional, Di Maso, Claudio, additional, Dinelli, Maria I.S., additional, Dinesh, Tanya, additional, Docksey, Claire, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Donnellan, Francesca R., additional, Dos Santos, Tannyth, additional, dos Santos, Thainá G., additional, Dos Santos, Erika Pachecho, additional, Douglas, Naomi, additional, Downing, Charlotte, additional, Drake, Jonathan, additional, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, additional, Driver, Kimberley, additional, Drury, Ruth, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Durham, Benjamin S., additional, Dutra, Lidiana, additional, Easom, Nicholas J.W., additional, van Eck, Samual, additional, Edwards, Mandy, additional, Edwards, Nick J., additional, El Muhanna, Omar M., additional, Elias, Sean C., additional, Elmore, Mike, additional, English, Marcus, additional, Esmail, Alisgair, additional, Essack, Yakub Moosa, additional, Farmer, Eoghan, additional, Farooq, Mutjaba, additional, Farrar, Madi, additional, Farrugia, Leonard, additional, Faulkner, Beverley, additional, Fedosyuk, Sofiya, additional, Felle, Sally, additional, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, additional, Field, Samantha, additional, Fisher, Richard, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Fletcher, James, additional, Fofie, Hazel, additional, Fok, Henry, additional, Ford, Karen J., additional, Fowler, Jamie, additional, Fraiman, Pedro H.A., additional, Francis, Emma, additional, Franco, Marilia M., additional, Frater, John, additional, Freire, Marilúcia S.M., additional, Fry, Samantha H., additional, Fudge, Sabrina, additional, Furze, Julie, additional, Fuskova, Michelle, additional, Galian-Rubio, Pablo, additional, Galiza, Eva, additional, Garlant, Harriet, additional, Gavrila, Madita, additional, Geddes, Ailsa, additional, Gibbons, Karyna A., additional, Gilbride, Ciaran, additional, Gill, Hardeep, additional, Glynn, Sharon, additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Gokani, Karishma, additional, Goldoni, Ursula Carvalho, additional, Goncalves, Maria, additional, Gonzalez, Isabela G.S., additional, Goodwin, Jayne, additional, Goondiwala, Amina, additional, Gordon-Quayle, Katherine, additional, Gorini, Giacomo, additional, Grab, Janet, additional, Gracie, Lara, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Greenwood, Nicola, additional, Greffrath, Johann, additional, Groenewald, Marisa M., additional, Grossi, Leonardo, additional, Gupta, Gaurav, additional, Hackett, Mark, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Hamaluba, Mainga, additional, Hamilton, Elizabeth, additional, Hamlyn, Joseph, additional, Hammersley, Daniel, additional, Hanrath, Aidan T., additional, Hanumunthadu, Brama, additional, Harris, Stephanie A., additional, Harris, Clair, additional, Harris, Tara, additional, Harrison, Thomas D., additional, Harrison, Daisy, additional, Hart, Thomas C., additional, Hartnell, Birgit, additional, Hassan, Shadin, additional, Haughney, John, additional, Hawkins, Sophia, additional, Hay, Jodie, additional, Head, Ian, additional, Henry, John, additional, Hermosin Herrera, Macarena, additional, Hettle, David B., additional, Hill, Jennifer, additional, Hodges, Gina, additional, Horne, Elizea, additional, Hou, Mimi M., additional, Houlihan, Catherine, additional, Howe, Elizabeth, additional, Howell, Nicola, additional, Humphreys, Jonathan, additional, Humphries, Holly E., additional, Hurley, Katrina, additional, Huson, Claire, additional, Hyder-Wright, Angela, additional, Hyams, Catherine, additional, Ikram, Sabina, additional, Ishwarbhai, Alka, additional, Ivan, Monica, additional, Iveson, Poppy, additional, Iyer, Vidyashankara, additional, Jackson, Frederic, additional, De Jager, Jeanne, additional, Jaumdally, Shameem, additional, Jeffers, Helen, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Jones, Bryony, additional, Jones, Kathryn, additional, Jones, Elizabeth, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, Jorge, Marianna Rocha, additional, Jose, Aylin, additional, Joshi, Amar, additional, Júnior, Eduardo A.M.S., additional, Kadziola, Joanne, additional, Kailath, Reshma, additional, Kana, Faeeza, additional, Karampatsas, Konstantinos, additional, Kasanyinga, Mwila, additional, Keen, Jade, additional, Kelly, Elizabeth J., additional, Kelly, Dearbhla M., additional, Kelly, Debbie, additional, Kelly, Sarah, additional, Kerr, David, additional, Kfouri, Renato de Ávila, additional, Khan, Liaquat, additional, Khozoee, Baktash, additional, Kidd, Sarah, additional, Killen, Annabel, additional, Kinch, Jasmin, additional, Kinch, Patrick, additional, King, Lloyd D.W., additional, King, Thomas B., additional, Kingham, Lucy, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Knapper, Francesca, additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Knott, Daniel, additional, Koleva, Stanislava, additional, Lang, Matilda, additional, Lang, Gail, additional, Larkworthy, Colin W., additional, Larwood, Jessica P.J., additional, Law, Rebecca, additional, Lazarus, Erica M., additional, Leach, Amanda, additional, Lees, Emily A., additional, Lemm, Nana-Marie, additional, Lessa, Alvaro, additional, Leung, Stephanie, additional, Li, Yuanyuan, additional, Lias, Amelia M., additional, Liatsikos, Kostas, additional, Linder, Aline, additional, Lipworth, Samuel, additional, Liu, Shuchang, additional, Liu, Xinxue, additional, Lloyd, Adam, additional, Lloyd, Stephanie, additional, Loew, Lisa, additional, Lopez Ramon, Raquel, additional, Lora, Leandro, additional, Lowthorpe, Vicki, additional, Luz, Kleber, additional, MacDonald, Jonathan C., additional, MacGregor, Gordon, additional, Madhavan, Meera, additional, Mainwaring, David O., additional, Makambwa, Edson, additional, Makinson, Rebecca, additional, Malahleha, Mookho, additional, Malamatsho, Ross, additional, Mallett, Garry, additional, Mansatta, Kushal, additional, Maoko, Takalani, additional, Mapetla, Katlego, additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G., additional, Marinou, Spyridoula, additional, Marlow, Emma, additional, Marques, Gabriela N., additional, Marriott, Paula, additional, Marshall, Richard P., additional, Marshall, Julia L., additional, Martins, Flávia J., additional, Masenya, Masebole, additional, Masilela, Mduduzi, additional, Masters, Shauna K., additional, Mathew, Moncy, additional, Matlebjane, Hosea, additional, Matshidiso, Kedidimetse, additional, Mazur, Olga, additional, Mazzella, Andrea, additional, McCaughan, Hugh, additional, McEwan, Joanne, additional, McGlashan, Joanna, additional, McInroy, Lorna, additional, McIntyre, Zoe, additional, McLenaghan, Daniela, additional, McRobert, Nicky, additional, McSwiggan, Steve, additional, Megson, Clare, additional, Mehdipour, Savviz, additional, Meijs, Wilma, additional, Mendonça, Renata N.Á., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Mirtorabi, Neginsadat, additional, Mitton, Celia, additional, Mnyakeni, Sibusiso, additional, Moghaddas, Fiona, additional, Molapo, Kgaogelo, additional, Moloi, Mapule, additional, Moore, Maria, additional, Moraes-Pinto, M. Isabel, additional, Moran, Marni, additional, Morey, Ella, additional, Morgans, Róisín, additional, Morris, Susan, additional, Morris, Sheila, additional, Morris, Helen C., additional, Morselli, Franca, additional, Morshead, Gertraud, additional, Morter, Richard, additional, Mottal, Lynelle, additional, Moultrie, Andrew, additional, Moya, Nathifa, additional, Mpelembue, Mushiya, additional, Msomi, Sibekezelo, additional, Mugodi, Yvonne, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Ekta, additional, Muller, Jilly, additional, Munro, Alasdair, additional, Munro, Claire, additional, Murphy, Sarah, additional, Mweu, Philomena, additional, Myasaki, Celia Hatsuko, additional, Naik, Gurudutt, additional, Naker, Kush, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Nazir, Abida, additional, Ndlovu, Bongani, additional, Neffa, Fabio, additional, Njenga, Cecilia, additional, Noal, Helena, additional, Noé, Andrés, additional, Novaes, Gabrielle, additional, Nugent, Fay L., additional, Nunes, Géssika, additional, O'Brien, Katie, additional, O'Connor, Daniel, additional, Odam, Miranda, additional, Oelofse, Suzette, additional, Oguti, Blanche, additional, Olchawski, Victoria, additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Oliveira, Marianne G., additional, Oliveira, Catarina, additional, Oosthuizen, Angela, additional, O'Reilly, Paula, additional, Osborne, Piper, additional, Owen, David R.J., additional, Owen, Lydia, additional, Owens, Daniel, additional, Owino, Nelly, additional, Pacurar, Mihaela, additional, Paiva, Brenda V.B., additional, Palhares, Edna M.F., additional, Palmer, Susan, additional, Parkinson, Sivapriyai, additional, Parracho, Helena M.R.T., additional, Parsons, Karen, additional, Patel, Dipak, additional, Patel, Bhumika, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Patel, Kelly, additional, Patrick-Smith, Maia, additional, Payne, Ruth O., additional, Peng, Yanchun, additional, Penn, Elizabeth J., additional, Pennington, Anna, additional, Peralta Alvarez, Marco Polo, additional, Perring, James, additional, Perry, Nicola, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Petkar, Sahir, additional, Philip, Tricia, additional, Phillips, Daniel J., additional, Phillips, Jennifer, additional, Phohu, Mary Kgomotso, additional, Pickup, Lorinda, additional, Pieterse, Sonja, additional, Piper, Jo, additional, Pipini, Dimitra, additional, Plank, Mary, additional, Du Plessis, Joan, additional, Pollard, Samuel, additional, Pooley, Jennifer, additional, Pooran, Anil, additional, Poulton, Ian, additional, Powers, Claire, additional, Presa, Fernando B., additional, Price, David A., additional, Price, Vivien, additional, Primeira, Marcelo, additional, Proud, Pamela C., additional, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, additional, Pueschel, Sophie, additional, Pulido, David, additional, Quaid, Sheena, additional, Rabara, Ria, additional, Radford, Alexandra, additional, Radia, Kajal, additional, Rajapaska, Durga, additional, Rajeswaran, Thurkka, additional, Ramos, Alberto San Francisco, additional, Ramos Lopez, Fernando, additional, Rampling, Tommy, additional, Rand, Jade, additional, Ratcliffe, Helen, additional, Rawlinson, Tom, additional, Rea, David, additional, Rees, Byron, additional, Reiné, Jesús, additional, Resuello-Dauti, Mila, additional, Reyes Pabon, Emilia, additional, Ribiero, Carla M., additional, Ricamara, Marivic, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Ritchie, Neil, additional, Ritchie, Adam J., additional, Robbins, Alexander J., additional, Roberts, Hannah, additional, Robinson, Ryan E., additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Rocchetti, Talita T., additional, Rocha, Beatriz Pinho, additional, Roche, Sophie, additional, Rollier, Christine, additional, Rose, Louisa, additional, Ross Russell, Amy L., additional, Rossouw, Lindie, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, Rudiansyah, Indra, additional, Ruiz, Sarah, additional, Saich, Stephen, additional, Sala, Claudia, additional, Sale, Jessica, additional, Salman, Ahmed M., additional, Salvador, Natalia, additional, Salvador, Stephannie, additional, Sampaio, Milla, additional, Samson, Annette D., additional, Sanchez-Gonzalez, Amada, additional, Sanders, Helen, additional, Sanders, Katherine, additional, Santos, Erika, additional, Santos Guerra, Mayara F.S., additional, Satti, Iman, additional, Saunders, Jack E., additional, Saunders, Caroline, additional, Sayed, Aakifah, additional, Schim van der Loeff, Ina, additional, Schmid, Annina B., additional, Schofield, Ella, additional, Screaton, Gavin, additional, Seddiqi, Samiullah, additional, Segireddy, Rameswara R., additional, Senger, Roberta, additional, Serrano, Sonia, additional, Shah, Rajiv, additional, Shaik, Imam, additional, Sharpe, Hannah E., additional, Sharrocks, Katherine, additional, Shaw, Robert, additional, Shea, Adam, additional, Shepherd, Amy, additional, Shepherd, James G., additional, Shiham, Farah, additional, Sidhom, Emad, additional, Silk, Sarah E., additional, da Silva Moraes, Antonio Carlos, additional, Silva-Junior, Gilberto, additional, Silva-Reyes, Laura, additional, Silveira, Anderson D., additional, Silveira, Mariana B.V., additional, Sinha, Jaisi, additional, Skelly, Donal T., additional, Smith, Daniel C., additional, Smith, Nick, additional, Smith, Holly E., additional, Smith, David J., additional, Smith, Catherine C., additional, Soares, Airanuédida, additional, Soares, Tiago, additional, Solórzano, Carla, additional, Sorio, Guilherme L., additional, Sorley, Kim, additional, Sosa-Rodriguez, Tiffany, additional, Souza, Cinthia M.C.D.L., additional, Souza, Bruno S.D.F., additional, Souza, Alessandra R., additional, Spencer, Alexandra J., additional, Spina, Fernanda, additional, Spoors, Louise, additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Stamford, Imogen, additional, Starinskij, Igor, additional, Stein, Ricardo, additional, Steven, Jill, additional, Stockdale, Lisa, additional, Stockwell, Lisa V., additional, Strickland, Louise H., additional, Stuart, Arabella C., additional, Sturdy, Ann, additional, Sutton, Natalina, additional, Szigeti, Anna, additional, Tahiri-Alaoui, Abdessamad, additional, Tanner, Rachel, additional, Taoushanis, Carol, additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Taylor, Keja, additional, Taylor, Ursula, additional, Taylor, Iona Jennifer, additional, Taylor, Justin, additional, te Water Naude, Rebecca, additional, Themistocleous, Yrene, additional, Themistocleous, Andreas, additional, Thomas, Merin, additional, Thomas, Kelly, additional, Thomas, Tonia M., additional, Thombrayil, Asha, additional, Thompson, Fawziyah, additional, Thompson, Amber, additional, Thompson, Kevin, additional, Thompson, Ameeka, additional, Thomson, Julia, additional, Thornton-Jones, Viv, additional, Tighe, Patrick J., additional, Tinoco, Lygia Accioly, additional, Tiongson, Gerlynn, additional, Tladinyane, Bonolo, additional, Tomasicchio, Michele, additional, Tomic, Adriana, additional, Tonks, Susan, additional, Towner, James, additional, Tran, Nguyen, additional, Tree, Julia, additional, Trillana, Gerry, additional, Trinham, Charlotte, additional, Trivett, Rose, additional, Truby, Adam, additional, Tsheko, Betty Lebogang, additional, Turabi, Aadil, additional, Turner, Richard, additional, Turner, Cheryl, additional, Ulaszewska, Marta, additional, Underwood, Benjamin R., additional, Varughese, Rachel, additional, Verbart, Dennis, additional, Verheul, Marije, additional, Vichos, Iason, additional, Vieira, Taiane, additional, Waddington, Claire S., additional, Walker, Laura, additional, Wallis, Erica, additional, Wand, Matthew, additional, Warbick, Deborah, additional, Wardell, Theresa, additional, Warimwe, George, additional, Warren, Sarah C., additional, Watkins, Bridget, additional, Watson, Ekaterina, additional, Webb, Stewart, additional, Webb-Bridges, Alice, additional, Webster, Angela, additional, Welch, Jessica, additional, Wells, Jeanette, additional, West, Alison, additional, White, Caroline, additional, White, Rachel, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Williams, Rachel L., additional, Winslow, Rebecca, additional, Woodyer, Mark, additional, Worth, Andrew T., additional, Wright, Danny, additional, Wroblewska, Marzena, additional, Yao, Andy, additional, Zimmer, Rafael, additional, Zizi, Dalila, additional, and Zuidewind, Peter, additional

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2021
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