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A toll road is a road that the users are obligated to pay, which is held to improve efficient transportation services. Although toll roads have relatively more ideal conditions than highway roads, many traffic accidents still occur on the road. Toll road managers collect operational data on toll roads, including daily traffic, weather, and accident data. One of the solutions to increase the level of toll road safety is to design an accident prediction model through data mining. In this paper, the prediction model was made using attributes according to the framework consisting of day, type of road surface, weather conditions, road surface conditions, time of occurrence, driver sex, and type of vehicle. The prediction model was built to predict certain areas' probability and severity of accidents. The prediction model is built using the decision tree algorithm. The results show that the attributes used can predict the severity of accidents with 39.73% accuracy. The most vulnerable area is in section B on 9 to 10 km, with a total number of accidents of 13.17% of total accidents.

Train is a transportation that produces a high level of noise. Cabin crew as a person who work on the train will always be exposed to noise and have a greater chance to get work stress due to noise that will affect his work so that it can endanger passengers and the occurrence of train accidents. This study’s objective is to determine the impact of noise level toward work stress of cabin crew KA Kaligung Loco CC 201 DAOP IV Semarang. Noise level was measured using Noise Dosimeter and work stress was measured using DASS 21. The relationship between variables was analyzed using SPSS program with chi square method. Respondents were taken 30 cabin crew of KA Kaligung Loco CC 201 and as a comparison were taken 30 workers of Station Pocol as control variables. The result shown that there is a correlation between the increase in work stress level with noise (sig ,000). Based on noise sampling with case control methode for 3 days at KA Kaligung Loco CC 201 produces a noise value above the threshold 87 dBA during 4 hours 47 minutes that is 88 dBA, 93 dBA and 90 dBA. Station’s noise level as control is 74,78 dBA and this is result in under the threshold 85 dBA during 8 hours. While the average increase on cabin crew’s work stress reached 3,6 point. Whereas, Station Poncol’s workers have decrease work stress level until 3,3 point, From 30 cabin crew there were 26 respondents experienced an increase in work stress level, 3 respondents experienced a decrease in work stress level and 1 respondent had a constant stress level.

ABSTRA K Kegiatan daur ulang sampah di Kota Semarang dapat dilakukan dengan cukup baik berkat campur tangan dari sektor informal. Sayangnya, kegiatan pengelolaan sampah formal tidak mempertimbangkan nilai pemulihan sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aliran sampah plastik di sektor informal di Kota Semarang. Peneliti menggunakan wawancara mendalam untuk mengumpulkan data. Ada 46 agen daur ulang, termasuk lima (5) pemulung, 17 pengepul 20 perusahaan skala kecil, tiga (3) perusahaan skala besar, dan 1 perantara (pabrik penggilingan plastik) yang telah diwawancarai. Data dari Badan Lingkungan Hidup Kota Semarang digunakan sebagai data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sampah plastik yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing agen daur ulang diperkirakan 23,98 kg/ hari di tingkat pemulung, 54,74 kg/ hari di tingkat pengepul, 347,48 kg / hari di tingkat perusahaan skala kecil, 1.735,3 kg / hari di tingkat perusahaan skala besar, dan 2.160 kg / hari di tingkat perantara. Produsen bijih plastik daur ulang berlokasi di luar Kota Semarang, sedangkan bank sampah berbasis masyarakat adalah bagian dari pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat yang tidak mencari keuntungan. Oleh karena itu, tidak dibahas secara mendalam di penelitian ini. Kata kunci : sampah plastik, aliran sampah, agen daur ulang ABSTRA CT Waste recycling activities in Semarang City can be conducted quite well due to the interference of the informal sector. Unfortunately, the formal waste management activities do not consider the utilization of waste recovery value. This study aims to identify the flow of plastic waste in the informal sector in Semarang City. We used in-depth interviews to collect data. There are 46 recycling agents, including five (5) scavengers, 17 scrap dealers, 20 small scale enterprises, three (3) large scale enterprises, and 1 intermediate (plastic grinding mill) that has been interviewed. Data from The Environment Agency of Semarang City obtained as secondary data. The results showed that the amount of plastic waste generated by each recycling agent was estimated at 23.98 kg/day at the scavenger level, 54.74 kg/day at the scrap dealer level, 347.48 kg/day at the small scale enterprise level, 1,735.3 kg / day days at large scale enterprise level, and 2,160 kg/day at the level of plastic waste intermediates. Recycled plastic ore producers are located outside Semarang City, whereas the community-based waste bank is part of community based solid waste management that is not looking for profit. Hence, it is not discussed in depth in this study. Keywords : plastic waste, waste flow, recycling agent

Transportasi laut termasuk penyumbang emisi polutan udara baik dari aktivitas pelayaran di laut maupun aktivitas di pelabuhan.Inventarisasi emisi polutan udara sektor transportasi laut masih sangat jarang.Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkuantifikasi dan mengestimasi sebaran emisi dari sektor transportasi laut di pelabuhan.Inventarisasi menggunakan data operasional pelabuhan dan faktor emisi sekunder.Sebaran emisi polutan udara dari aktivitas pelabuhan diperkirakan dengan model AERMOD View. Hasil inventarisasi beban emisi dari aktivitas transportasi laut di pelabuhan didominasi oleh aktivitas pelayaran dalam pelabuhan yaitu pada saat approaching time disusul oleh aktivitas mesin bantu saat bongkar muat (berthing time). Aktivitas bongkar muat di darat hanya berkontribusi 1% dari aktivitas mesin bantu saat berthing time.Sebaran emisi polutan udara aktivitas bongkar muat cenderung mengarah ke Barat Laut-Tenggara, sementara sebaran emisi dari aktivitas pelayaran cenderung merata ke sebagian besar area Semarang kawasan tengah dan Utara.

A stringent environmental quality standard for zinc (Zn) has been enacted by regulators because of its toxicity to aquatic life. This study’s objective was to evaluate the variability of Zn concentrations and fluxes in the baseflow and stormflow and to estimate the contribution of Zn from point and non-point sources. By using high-resolution temporal sampling, the suspended solids (SS), iron (Fe), and Zn concentrations were measured in a small agricultural river catchment. Fe, as the natural non-point source, and Zn were evaluated using the end member mixing analysis (EMMA) to identify the source apportionment (point and non-point). The results indicate that in the baseflow, Zn mainly originated from point sources and was possibly discharged by manufacturing industries. By contrast, the non-point sources (diffuse sources) were responsible for extremely high SS, Fe, and Zn levels in the stormflow. In addition, Zn discharge during the stormflow was 93 times higher than that during the baseflow. According to the EMMA, approximately 74% of the Zn was from point sources. River management can be improved if Zn point sources are adequately treated. During a storm event, it is also important to control the particulate Zn released into the river.

The exploration and production process of oil and its supporting operations always generates waste as by-product. If they are uncontrolled, it might decrease the environmental quality. Thus, it is necessary to manage and treat the waste in order to meet the regulation standard of quality and quantity. PT XYZ is an energy company, particularly oil and gas production, which its production activity generate a large amount of waste as well as produced water. Thus, PT XYZ must have facilities or produced water handling plant which could minimize pollution caused by produced water. PT XYZ already has a system of produced water handling with recycling principle. After oil and water separation including water treating at Water Treating Plant (WTP), produced water will be used for steam injection. This is the part of enhanced oil recovery by steam flooding in Duri Field. Besides, produced water could be used as backwash water at WTP, that is Oil Removal Filter (ORF) and Water Softener, which is called brine water. If the produced water and brine water is over load the capacity of oil enhanced recovery injection, it might be disposed through injection to Disposal Well and there are certain condition that produced water should be discharged into canal. The objective f this study is to analyze the performance of a water treating plant in PT XYZ. Water Treating Plant is a facility for treating produced water. Basically, WTP is on good condition and each unit has high efficiency for separating oil and water (60-99%). Horizontal velocity at pit #A of API Separator was larger than the design criteria. In addition, Water Softeners have efficiency until 99% for the hardness.

Noise is considered as one of the main environmental impact of Adi Soemarmo International Airport (ASIA), the second largest airport in Central Java Province, Indonesia. In order to manage the noise of airport, airport noise mapping is necessary. However, a model that requires simple input but still reliable was not available in ASIA. Therefore, the objective of this study are to develop model using Matlab software, to verify its reliability by measuring actual noise exposure, and to analyze the area of noise levels‥ The model was developed based on interpolation or extrapolation of identified Noise-Power-Distance (NPD) data. In accordance with Indonesian Government Ordinance No.40/2012, the noise metric used is WECPNL (Weighted Equivalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level). Based on this model simulation, there are residence area in the region of noise level II (1.912 km2) and III (1.16 km2) and 18 school buildings in the area of noise levels I, II, and III. These land-uses are actually prohibited unless noise insulation is equipped. The model using Matlab in the case of Adi Soemarmo International Airport is valid based on comparison of the field measurement (6 sampling points). However, it is important to validate the model again once the case study (the airport) is changed.

Biofouling, due to the existence of bacteria in water, becomes one of the barriers in cellulose acetate (CA) membrane applications. Although chitosan has been incorporated into CA membranes, its antimicrobial activity has not been improved significantly yet. In this study, cellulose acetate-chitosan membranes were prepared by modification using ZnO and Al2O3 nanoparticles during phase separation method. The membranes were then characterized in term of water permeability, and surface morphology. The anti-bacteria property was examined by using gram-negative bacteria. Modification of cellulose acetate-chitosan membranes with ZnO and Al2O3 nanoparticles have not shown optimal results where no clear zones around the membrane are visible.

Waste of electronic and electrical equipment (e-waste) generated in Indonesia is expected to increase due to high growth of the Indonesian economy and fast development in technology. As Indonesia has not yet had specified criteria on e-waste, in this study, e-waste is defined as any obsolete or unwanted electronic and electrical equipment that is introduced into the recycling and disposal process. The objective of this study is to estimate the e-waste generated in Indonesian households using the method of material flow analysis. The amount of generated e-waste could be used for constructing an e-waste recycling management system in Indonesia. E-waste materials that need to be treated could be known. In this study, some types of equipment, such as television, washing machine, refrigerator, personal computer, and mobile phone, were chosen to be tracers. Using the modified material flow analysis model proposed by Steubing et al. (Waste Manage 30:473–482, 38), the potential e-waste that was generated from households was estimated. The total estimated accumulation of generated e-waste from households in 2015 and 2025 is about 285,000 and 622,000 tonnes, respectively. If a proper recycling system was in place, a new source for valuable materials recovery would be created, as well as protecting the environment and health.

Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. The total exported crude palm oil (CPO) and its derivatives in 2015 reached about 26.40 million tons or increase at 21% compared to the previous year (2014). However, the further expansion of the CPO production system could potentially have environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to analyze the energy balances and greenhouse gas emissions at mill P, PT X located in Sumatera Island. System analysis approaches was applied to this study and the assessment was focused on a CPO production system in PT XYZ located on the Sumatera Island. The system boundary was determined based on the field study. The data collection consisted of all the input and output energy which involving all input materials (including fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, water, etc.) and energy consumption (consumption of diesel, electricity, etc.) starting from plantation activities (at the oil palm plantation) to the conversion process (at the palm oil mill)....

Train is one of the most environmentally friendly mode of transportation. However, currently there are still some types of locomotive designed to be opened (such as CC201); hence, the generated noise can potentially affect the health of the workers, particularly cabin personnel (i.e. train driver and assistant of driver). The objective of this study are to analyze the noise levels exposed to cabin personnel and to estimate the excess risks of occupational noise-induced hearing loss in the locomotive. The cabin personnel were considered as exposed group while the office workers of the train station (Poncol Station) was the control group. The noise levels were measured continuously during the working hours using noise dosimeter. The audiometry test was also conducted to both case and control group. The data were analyzed using chi-square statistical test and NIOSH 1998 method of excess risk estimation. The measured noise exposure level in the locomotive-CC205 during the working hours (4-5 hours) ranged from 71.2 dBA until 123.4 dBA. However, the excess risks of the respondents were only 0.75% higher than the control group. This might be due to the short working period of the participants (no more than 10 years). The noise exposure to the case group workers were higher than time-weighted average noise level. Based on the chi-square statistical test, it is concluded that the noise levels affect the noise-induced hearing loss of the cabin personnel.

AchmadYani Airport in Semarang city, Indonesia, is an airport operated by PT AngkasaPura1 which can service 3.2 million passengers annually in 2013. Unfortunately, air transportation can cause numerous environmental damages with serious consequences on population health, such as noise. Noise control of an airport operation can be evaluated its effectiveness through noise contour. As a first step to evaluate the noise control, the objective of this study is to develop a noise contour around AchmadYani Airport by using INM (Integrated Noise Model) and to measure the area of each category based on the Government Ordinance No. 40/2012. In this research, the simulation was conducted on Saturday schedule when the lowest number of aircraft operations was scheduled (44 departures and 44 approaches). According to this study, the area category level I, II, and III using WECPNL (Weighted Equivalent Perceived Noise Level)are 6.774 km2; 2.701 km2; and 1.32 km2, respectively. There are a hospital and six schools located in the area categoryI. Further study is needed to identify possible noise control at AchmadYani Airport.

Pedestrian accidents caused by car in Indonesia is quite high. Pedestrian injuries during a collision between a car and a pedestrian can be fatal. In Indonesia, the old cars is still used because there are no regulations which restrict the using of a car based on the production year of vehicles. The old cars do not have some features to protect the pedestrians in the condition of a collision between a car and the pedestrian. The objectives of this study is to determine the effect which occur in the conditions of a collision between a car and a pedestrian by creating a direct collision simulation using a dummy as a form of artificial pedestrians and MPV car as a case study. Direct collision simulation process resulted in injury points on dummy. The injury rate was obtained by the area damaged from direct collision simulation process by calculating the surface area of injury on dummy. The design of the proposed pedestrian protection was to minimize of pedestrian injury suffered by using FAST. The outlining descriptions of the functions on the front part of the car were obtained by brainstorming. The additional function for pedestrian protection that previously did not exist at the front of the car was proposed in the form of Additional Frontal Protection System, e.g. with a height below the average human knee (496 cm) and a material which could absorb the impact was recommended. By applying the Frontal Protection System, the function of the front part of the car will increase so that the value of the car itself will increase consequently.

E-waste management involves the selection of e-waste location of dismantling and sorting facility (DSF). Unfortunately, Indonesia, at present, has no disposal sites. Site selection decision complexity involves a lot of criteria to filter the various alternative locations. As the initial step, the aims of this study is to select the optimal location of DSF in Indonesia using multi-criteria decision analysis. In this case, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was applied. Eight criteria were selected to choose the optimal location, e.g. local population (C1), population served (C2), percentage of monthly non-food expenditure (C3), distance from existing e-waste dismantling and sorting facility (C4), average house per unit (C5), unemployed population (C6), financial status of local population (C7), and distance from the nearest port (C8). Data of eight criteria then were ranked based on the objective function of each criterion, which were maximizing function (C1, C2, C3, C4, C6) and minimize function (C5, C7, C8). The results of those ranking then summed based on the weight resulted from AHP, and finally generated five main alternatives in selecting e-waste DSF. Based on this model, West Java was selected as the optimal location of e-waste DSF. West Java is one of the most populated provinces in Indonesia and located near the capital city of Indonesia.

Thekelan Village, Kopeng District has a special potency of ecotourism. Thekelan Village is located at an altitude of + 2000 masl with magnificent scenery and surrounded by protected forest areas. The social characteristics of the community are homogeneous, distinctive, and strong highland culture. Thekelan Village has annually received visits from universities and schools for both comparative study and live-in programs. However, the sustainability of the tourism needed to be evaluated since the community has not participated much in the tourism activity (just lodging and communication). Indicators were established to evaluate the sustainability of existing tourism in Thekelan Village. Moreover, a survey, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion have been conducted to the community to assess the readiness to develop sustainable ecotourism. The results showed that the existing tourism has failed to be sustainable. Nevertheless, the community are ready to implement a new program to improve the management of community participation in the rural tourism setting. Therefore, a sustainable ecotourism can be developed and bring more economic benefits to the local people.

Industri pengolahan buah umumnya memiliki kadar organik yang tinggi, Salah satunya adalah industri pengolahan nanas. PT Great Giant Pineapple, Lampung, (PT GGP) merupakan produsen nanas kaleng ekspor yang menghasilkan limbah yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Salah satu upaya pengelolaan lingkungan dan perbaikan berkelanjutan, PT GGP berupaya melaksanakan sistem produksi bersih. Produksi bersih merupakan suatu strategi pengelolaan lingkungan yang bersifat preventif dan terpadu yang perlu diterapkan secara terus menerus pada proses produksi dan daur hidup produk dengan tujuan megurangi resiko terhadap manusia dan lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kesetimbangan energi dan manfaat secara kuantitatif dalam penerapan sistem produksi bersih di sistem pengolahan limbah cair PT GGP. Kesetimbangan energi dianalisis dengan menggunakan indikator NER (Net Energy Ratio) dan NEP (Net Energy Production). Manfaat finansial dari penggunaan kembali sludge juga dievaluasi secara kuantitatif. Dalam produksi biogas jumlah energi input yang dibutuhkan sebesar 1,002 MJ/hari/m3 air limbah, menghasilkan jumlah energi output sebesar 108,587 MJ/hari/m3 air limbah. Sehingga Nilai NER = 108,37 dan NEP = 17,585 MJ/hari/m3 air limbah. Sementara itu, dengan pemanfaatan Sludge atas perusahaan memperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp 3.326.687.65/hari dan pemanfaatan sludge bawah memperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp 19.054.592 /hari pada tahun 2015.