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Objective: An important part of Zoroastrian religious narratives deals with Iranian myths. Myths that have always occupied a fundamental and influential part of the human mind. In fact, understanding and knowing the myths is understanding and knowing the foundations of human civilization and culture. Psychological analysis is one of the most up-to-date methods of understanding myths. Since myths are the secret and oldest collection of human life experiences, the process and result of this analysis will be the correct understanding of the human psyche and thought, and ultimately the correction of human individual and social life. Using Jung's psychological theory, the current research explores the archetype of the early human being and analyzes and investigates the myth of creation in Iranian mythology with the focus on "Keyumars". The research method is qualitative and the analysis approach is analytical mythology. In reconstruction the myth of human creation, this article relies on the Zoroastrian religious texts and ancient and Middle Iranian sources. In this research, we will show that according to the myth of Keyumars, the belief of the first humans will be established, because they believed that Keyumars is a manifestation of the process of turning a perfect human into an earthly human and the descent of God from his form into a representative and, in fact, into a humangod being. The story of Keyumars is a wonderful story of the mystery of rebirth, which will manifest after expansion of the personality and metamorphosis of the soul. Therefore, every rebirth means a return to the origin and the re-creation of cosmic birth, and the story of Keyumars is a narration of the mystery of re-creation that follows the metamorphosis and transformation of the soul. An important part of Zoroastrian religious narratives deals with Iranian myths. In fact, understanding and knowing the myths is understanding and knowing the foundations of human civilization and culture. Psychological analysis is one of the most up-to-date methods of understanding myths. Since myths are the secret and oldest collection of human life experiences, the process and result of this analysis will be the correct understanding of the human psyche and thought, and ultimately the correction of human individual and social life. Using Jung's psychological theory, the current research explores the archetype of the early human being and analyzes and investigates the myth of creation in Iranian mythology with the focus on "Keyumars". The research method is qualitative and the analysis approach is analytical mythology. In reconstruction the myth of human creation, this article relies on the Zoroastrian religious texts and ancient and Middle Iranian sources. In this research, we will show that according to the myth of Keyumars, the belief of the first humans will be established, because they believed that Keyumars is a manifestation of the process of turning a perfect human into an earthly human and the descent of God from his form into a representative and, in fact, into a human-god being. The story of the first human in Zoroastrian religion in not only a narration of the beginning of life, but also expresses the goal and purpose of creation. Keyumars is an example to express all the human giants of God and superheroes, because according to the texts, he is better than everything and everyone and should be seen in the future in human society. Results: The story of creation forms an important part of mythology. In this regard, the story of the creation of human being and the myth of the first human are very important; Therefore, if we consider myths as the theoretical or believable aspect of religion and consider religion as a model and plan for all actions and daily affairs for the people of ancient times, the value of these things will be the repetition and imitation of the initial action; An act that God or a warrior did at the beginning of time. (Eliade 1954: 22). It seems that the early human has been trying to adhere to a numinous model for every behavior and action in order to give meaning to his action. In Jung's expression, myths are meant to reveal the semi-conscious psyche, and involuntary statements about unconscious psychic events, and in a sense, they are everything. (Jung 1981: 154). Jung sees a vital meaning for myths that they do not only represent the psychic life of primitive tribes, but are the life itself. This life, when it loses its mythic heritage, immediately falls apart, just like a man who has lost his soul. Therefore, the mythology of the tribes is considered the religion of their times, and its absence always and everywhere, even among civilized people, is a moral disaster. Some of these myths and types can be found in the creation narrative, especially the creation of the first human in the Zoroastrian religion. In order to achieve the world that Ahura Mazda has planned and established for him, he has set these patterns as his guide and acts according to them. For this reason, knowing and understanding the first human being is very important in Zoroastrian religion. It should also be noted that Keyumars is the commander of Ahura Mazda's army in the battle with the Devil (Ahriman). (Faranbagh Dādagi 1378sh: 40-50). Conclusions: In analyzing the mythological concepts, whenever we want to extract a precise definition or brief information from them, we will face some problems; Because the image is clear and transparent only when it is examined in its proper context and cannot be misinterpreted, but as soon as someone tries to abstract the "true essence" of the image, everything becomes vague and unclear. In order to understand the role of that myth, we must let the existence of all its complications remain as a member, and not try, like scientists, to examine and scrutinize it, or,like historians, to explain the reasons for its destruction from an archeological point of view. The story of Keyumars is the narration of the archetype of the first human based on Zoroastrian religious texts. This myth, like other myths, can be exemplified as models in cases of human transformation and regeneration. The story of Keyumars is a concrete narration of the secret of rebirth that emerges following the expansion of the personality and he transformation of the soul. That is, every rebirth means a return to the origin and the re-creation of the cosmic birth, and the story of Keyumars is a story of the secret of re-creation, which occurs after the metamorphosis and transformation of the soul. In this article, we sought to find out what narratives Zoroastrianism has told about Keyumars and whether these narratives can be adapted based on Jung's archetype theory. What are the stages of Keyumars's personality development in accordance with Jung's theory? In the process of the article, all the narratives taken from the Avesta and Pahlavi scriptures about the story of Keyumars were reread, and the conclusion was reached that Keyumars, according to Jung, is the unconscious self or soul, and according to the narrative of religious texts, Ahura Mazda in the dream he created for him, separated him from the world of sensations and took it to the depths of himself and created a rebirth for him. A rebirth that after waking up, he realized itself without a shadow. The first human being, or Keyumars, is not only the story of the beginning of life, but also tells the end and purpose of creation. Keyumars is an example to express all gigantic and superhero humans, because according to the texts, he is better than everything and everyone and should be seen in the future in human society. Two things necessitated the death or killing of Keyumars : the first is according to the original sin and the phenomenon of psychological inflation that was done in most myths and the collective psyche spend a period in the invasion of the shadow (devil) so that the conditions and requirements for the descent of farrah in the life of the next chosen human will be created again. The other, according to the texts, was required by life and the continuation of creation and birth and the emergence of humanity. He had to be sacrificed in order for life to continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintenance goals have a fundamental albeit understudied role in human motivation. From health to relationships, to personal possessions and the environment, the things people value require regular care. When maintaining a friendship, for instance, one may need to catch‐up regularly, share life updates and offer support, and occasionally make time to meet and spend time together. Distinct from the more commonly studied approach and avoidance goals, maintenance goals focus on sustaining current states over time, a process that has recently begun to attract increasing scholarly attention. This paper explores the construct of maintenance goals; It provides a comprehensive review of key findings and offers a novel perspective on the potential role of maintenance in individual and collective behavior, centering on topics such as well‐being, leadership, and group perceptions across different cultural contexts. By integrating theory with empirical evidence, this review underscores the necessity of incorporating maintenance goals into a broader psychological framework and recognizes their potential to inform interventions aimed at fostering resilience and stability in an ever‐changing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Buca Faculty of Education Journal / Buca Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Buca Faculty of Education Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research aims to bridge the gap between prospective multi/ plurilingual education and overarching personality psychology by examining how language constructs and basic personality traits are interrelated in pre-service teachers who are fundamental to language education. The first part of the study identifies items within the International Personality Item Pool that are indicative of language constructs, revealing intricate language-related expressions of personality involving listening, learning, speaking, reading and writing. The second part investigates the links between these language constructs and the Big Five personality traits based on a sample of 124 female pre-service primary school teachers aged 19 to 27. The results show significant multivariate relationships, indicating that individuals high in conscientiousness, openness and extraversion, and low in neuroticism, tend to exhibit preferences for listening, learning, speaking and reading. The findings suggest that there are personality-embedded nuanced language-related expressions of trait structures reflecting psychological needs for language competence, relatedness and autonomy in (co-)creation. The research underscores the importance of considering both language constructs and internationally validated personality traits in teachers and their students. It suggests that some teachers and students may naturally align with language-trait structures conducive to quality language teaching and, prospectively, to multi/plurilingual proficiency. Additionally, educational interventions can potentially influence the development of these identified conducive structures over time, offering insights into the stable psychological foundations for language development and consequent pluricultural competence.

An auditor's ability to manage conflict in the monitoring process plays a key role in determining the quality of an audit. Auditors who are not willing to communicate disagreement with monitored parties risk compromising professional standards of integrity, resulting in monitoring failures. Organizations and society increasingly recognize the need to improve monitoring quality, however little research has focused on identifying individuals who can be relied upon to disclose others' financial infractions. In the present contribution, we examine whether two personality traits under the HEXACO framework--honesty-humility and agreeableness-- predict decisions to flag misreporting by monitored parties. Although both honesty-humility and agreeableness are socially desirable characteristics associated with cooperative behavior, we suggest these traits will differentially predict decisions to disclose others' misreporting. Across a simulated audit experiment (N = 260) and field survey (N = 201) of certified public accountants (CPAs), we find that auditors with higher levels of honesty-humility are most likely to value professional integrity in the monitoring process and to report others' financial infractions. The same cannot be said for auditors with higher levels of agreeableness. Our results provide the first empirical investigation of the HEXACO framework in the audit setting and imply that screening for honesty-humility is likely to have a positive impact on monitoring quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CEPS Journal is the property of University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: We aim to identify the major ideas and trends in the study of morality within personality psychology over the past 100 years. Method: Our historical review is organized into three sections, examining moral dimensions in personality from the standpoints of the person as (1) a social actor (moral traits), (2) a motivated agent (the mental infrastructure of morality), and (3) an autobiographical author (moral life stories). Results: Within the field of personality psychology, a great deal of research into morality has been hiding for decades in plain view. Accordingly, we trace the history of research on socialization and instrumental competence, altruism, moral traits and virtues, the dimensions of morality inherent in the authoritarian personality, personal values, moral reasoning, moral intuitions, and the life stories constructed by people who have distinguished themselves for moral excellence, as evidenced in extraordinary bravery, compassion, or generativity. Conclusions: In a multitude of ways, human beings express and experience individual differences in their moral engagement of the world, all of which fall within the purview of personality psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has leveraged peer assessment as a grading system tool where learners are involved in learning and evaluation. However, there is limited knowledge regarding individual differences, such as personality, in peer assessment tasks. We analyze how personality factors affect the peer assessment dynamics of a semester-long remote learning course. Specifically, we investigate how psychological constructs shape how people perceive user-generated content, interact with it, and assess their peers. Our results show that personality traits can predict how effective the peer assessment process will be and the scores and feedback that students provide to their peers. In conclusion, we contribute design guidelines based on personality constructs as valuable factors to include in the design pipeline of peer assessment systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical background: This article is based, regarding the theoretical foundations, on selected issues of behavioral economy and economic psychology, which question the classical assumptions of the homo oeconomicus concept and the standard approach to studying the consumers’ attitudes and behaviors. Purpose of the article: The system of individual and socially shared consumer values undergoes evolutionary changes in the modern, turbulent socio-economic reality. The thesis has been put forward that in the post-pandemic realities, because of the re-evaluation of given values, psychological factors play an increasingly important role in shaping pro-social consumer attitudes, and the consumer’s personality largely determines favorable attitudes towards socially responsible marketing initiatives. The article is conceptual in nature. It provides a theoretical background for the authors’ planned empirical research. The main objective of this paper is to define the new research areas for socially responsible marketing, in which personality psychology could play a significant role in identifying consumers’ pro-social attitudes. Research methods: Given the need for an interdisciplinary approach to studying consumers’ pro-social attitudes, a review was conducted of the literature on the subject concerning the behavioral economy and economic psychology, with a special emphasis on the issue of personality. Main findings: The literature studies and observation of the socio-economic reality aimed at identifying new direction of empirical research in socially responsible marketing. Four main research areas were proposed to which the appropriate marketing types were assigned: post-COVID reality (social marketing and cause-related marketing); healthcare (social marketing); the reality of war (social marketing and cause-related marketing; ecology – green marketing). The empirical studies based on personality psychology in the areas indicated above could refer to the concept of goal-oriented behavior psychology and the Five Factor Model.

Psychological analysis of character is one of the sub-branches of psychological criticism, in which the fictional character is analyzed like the character in the real world, and the behavior patterns of the characters are explained by analyzing the content of the story. In the theory of mutual behavior analysis, Eric Berne divides human states and personalities into three behavioral patterns: parent (imitated and introjected beliefs), child (excited behavior and uncensored instincts), and adult (processor and rationalist) and states that the above three personality dimensions exist in all humans; however, one dimension is more dominant and the evolved human must be able to use all three dimensions in their place because this leads to mutual understanding and improvement of relations between people. In this research, referring to the interdisciplinary nature of psychological criticism of literary works, two novels, namely, A Fraction of the Whole work of Steve Tolts and Dead Poets Society by N. H. Kleinbaum have been compared and analyzed using Eric Burn's interactional behavior analysis theory in a descriptive-analytical way. The results of the research show that the main characters in the mentioned novels change freely and at their own will by using the power of choice and give logical answers to new stimuli. In addition, although the main characters of the two selected novels were created in two different languages and two different cultural environments, and with a difference in the time span of about 10 years, in two different countries, they follow a similar pattern from the perspective of mutual behavior analysis, in such a way that the framework, structure, base and main message of both novels are based on the formation of mature thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the structure and dynamics of current research in personality psychology, with a particular focus on open access (OA) practices. A set of 57296 research articles in personality psychology indexed in the Scopus database were analyzed based on their online accessibility: closed (39523), green OA (8770), gold OA (4506), bronze OA (2704), and hybrid gold OA (1793). Although the proportion of OA articles in the overall sample was relatively modest (31%), there has been a consistent upward trend since 2012. Notably, the most significant increase was observed in the proportion of gold OA articles, whereas the number of deposited articles (green OA), not otherwise freely available online, experienced a decline. The knowledge domain of non-OA articles in personality psychology can be broadly delineated into five clusters: (Big Five) personality traits, personality disorders, emotion regulation, Dark Triad/Tetrad, and psychometrics. The emergence of COVID-19 as a "hot" research topic resulted with significant differences in the knowledge domain of non-OA and OA articles. Coauthorship network analysis revealed that authors from Western countries act as the central hub in personality research, though this centrality diminishes when only gold OA articles were taken into account. Gold OA articles performed the worst on most impact and outreach metrics except one, significantly surpassed by green OA articles. As a takeaway, it may be said that although you may need a significant amount of money to do the research, you don't need it to make your research open and make an impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical background: This article is based, regarding the theoretical foundations, on selected issues of behavioral economy and economic psychology, which question the classical assumptions of the homo- oeconomicus concept and the standard approach to studying the consumers’ attitudes and behaviors. Purpose of the article: The system of individual and socially shared consumer values undergoes evolutionary changes in the modern, turbulent socio-economic reality. The thesis has been put forward that in the post-pandemic realities, because of the re-evaluation of given values, psychological factors play an increasingly important role in shaping pro-social consumer attitudes, and the consumer’s personality largely determines favorable attitudes towards socially responsible marketing initiatives. The article is conceptual in nature. It provides a theoretical background for the authors’ planned empirical research. The main objective of this paper is to define the new research areas for socially responsible marketing, in which personality psychology could play a significant role in identifying consumers’ pro-social attitudes. Research methods: Given the need for an interdisciplinary approach to studying consumers’ pro-social attitudes, a review was conducted of the literature on the subject concerning the behavioral economy and economic psychology, with a special emphasis on the issue of personality. Main findings: The literature studies and observation of the socio-economic reality aimed at identifying new direction of empirical research in socially responsible marketing. Four main research areas were proposed to which the appropriate marketing types were assigned: post-COVID reality (social marketing and cause-related marketing); healthcare (social marketing); the reality of war (social marketing and cause-related marketing; ecology – green marketing). The empirical studies based on personality psychology in the areas indicated above could refer to the concept of goal-oriented behavior psychology and the Five Factor Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality is not the most popular subfield of psychology. But, in one way or another, personality psychologists have played an outsized role in the ongoing credibility revolution in psychology. Not only have individual personality psychologists taken on visible roles in the movement, but our fields practices and norms have now become models for other fields to emulate (or, for those who share Baumeisters (2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.02.003) skeptical view of the consequences of increasing rigor, a model for what to avoid). In this article we discuss some unique features of our field that may have placed us in an ideal position to be leaders in this movement. We do so from a subjective perspective, describing our impressions and opinions about possible explanations for personality psychologys disproportionate role in the credibility revolution. We also discuss some ways in which personality psychology remains less-than-optimal, and how we can address these flaws.

The relevance of this study is due to the fact that at present there is an urgent need for close cooperation between educators and parents, which was caused by the temporary transition of children to distance learning and the introduction of information technology in the education process. Without the participation of parents, it is impossible for an educator to achieve all the goals set by the Ministry of Education of Ukraine during the educational practice, thus the purpose of the study included finding and solving problems in the interaction between the teaching staff and a child's family. The thought-experiment method appeared to be the leading research method, owing to which it was possible to achieve the objectives set for this article. The article identifies and describes the problem of interaction between educators, parents and caregivers of pupils. The characteristics of the main forms of interaction between the teaching staff, parents and caregivers of pupils are given, as well as the possible tasks of educators that they need to implement in the educational process when interacting with a child's family are listed. In the course of the study, it was described how proper cooperation should develop between educators, parents and caregivers of children in secondary educational institutions. Possible causes of cooperation problems between teachers and family members were found, and potential ways to eliminate them were provided. The practical relevance of this study lies in the application of the listed above methods for solving interaction problems between the school and the family by educators of any specialties and educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of the paper is to conduct research on the personality traits in esport players and athletes, in addition to confirming differences in personality between the two examined groups. The research has been conducted on 67 (N=67) examinees, 30 of whom are semi-professional or professional esports players who participate in state-level and regional-level competitions. The remaining 37 examinees are the highest-ranked athletes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. T-test, a type of inferential statistic, has been used to determine statistical differences in disposition between the arithmetic means of the two groups, using the BFI-44 (a=0.78) measuring instrument. It has been anticipated that esports players would be ranked lower on Extraversion (E), Agreeableness (A), and Conscientiousness (C), but higher on the Neuroticism (N) and Openness (O) dimensions compared to athletes. The research indicates that four of the five hypotheses have been confirmed - on the scale of Extraversion (E) with significance levels of p=.000 (p

Although designers aim at offering the best possible user experience, products are designed for a general audience with a common pool of characteristics. Since intrinsic psychological characteristics model the human interaction, ignoring that each individual has different experiences may lead to a failed product. From these constructs, personality has shown strong results by shaping how users process and act on the world, and how individuals perceive and accept technology. In this work, we focus on conscientiousness, a personality trait that models one's organization, persistence, and motivation for goal-oriented behavior. In particular, we study ( N = 40 ) whether conscientiousness affects the design preferences for graphical elements in a user interface. Additionally, we assess ( N = 60 ) if designing graphical user interfaces based on the design preferences of individuals with different conscientiousness scores affects perceived usability and ease-of-use. Results show that designing interfaces for conscientiousness-based personality profiles influences user preference but has no significant effect on perceived usability and ease-of-use. Our findings support the incorporation of conscientiousness in the design process to develop graphic user interfaces that focus on goal-oriented behavior for the correct audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality Systems Interactions (PSI) theory explains differences in personality based on the properties of four cognitive systems—object recognition (OR), intuitive behaviour (IB), intention memory (IM) and extension memory (EM). Each system is associated with characteristic modes of perception and behaviour, so personality is determined by which systems are primarily active. According to PSI theory, the activities of the cognitive systems are regulated by positive and negative affect (reward and punishment). Thus, differences in personality ultimately emerge from four parameters—the sensitivities of up- or downregulating positive and negative affect. The complex interactions of affect and cognitive systems have been represented in a mathematical model based on a system of differential equations. In this study, the environment of a person represented by the mathematical model is modelled by a time series of perturbations with positive and negative affect that are generated by a stochastic process. Comparing the average activities of the cognitive systems for different parameter sets exposed to the same time series of affect perturbations, we observe that different dominant cognitive systems emerge. This demonstrates that different sensitivities for positive and negative affect lead to different modes of cognition and, thus, to different personality types such as agreeable, conscientious, self-determined or independent. Varying the relative frequencies of negative and positive affect perturbations reveals that the average activities of all cognitive systems respond linearly. This observation enables us to predict that conscientious and independent personalities benefit from increased exposure to positive affect, whereas agreeable and self-determined personalities achieve a better balance of their cognitive systems by increased negative affect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efforts to link the individual differences in personality to the individual differences in sleep-wake behavior have a long history. One of the topics of such research might be to determine the strength of association between these two domains of individual variation. This requires the implementation of several inventories designed for integrative multidimensional assessments of a set of broad personality traits and a set of sleep-wake behavioral traits. Four independent samples were collected (in total, 759 individuals) for estimating general overlap between the domains of individual variation in personality psychology and chronobiology. Canonical correlation analyses provided the estimates of general overlap of six broad personality traits assessed with the 172-word RCIP (Rugby Cake Inventory of Personality) with six distinct sleep-wake adaptabilities assessed with the 72-item SWPAQ (Sleep-Wake Pattern Assessment Questionnaire) and the SWAT (Sleep-Wake Adaptability Test) in two, the 60- and 168-item, versions. It was demonstrated that general overlap between individual variation in two domains was significant and replicable albeit rather weak (6%–8%). Moreover, regression analyses of specific overlaps of each of six scales for assessing sleep-wake adaptability with a set of six scales for personality assessment suggested that a score on any of adaptability scales seemed to be a significant predictor of, at least, one of six scores on personality trait scales. Studies in other tongues are desired for the replication of the results indicating the statistically significant general and specific overlaps between personality traits and sleep-wake adaptabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the dismantling of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, survivors of this totalitarian regime wrote down their stories about suffering and injustice. Their memoirs and autobiographical works have become representative of post-communist life writing, promoting debates on trauma, memory, and resistance strategies. However, life writing scholars have not explored the textual strategies employed by writers to construct their egoresilient Self, namely, their capacity to adjust to challenging circumstances. To instantiate the case, Romanian memoirs and transcribed interviews have been selected for the corpus given the highly repressive nature of the Romanian communist regime. The project pursues the following two research objectives: (a) to examine the textual strategies employed by narrators in their construction of ego-resiliency and (b) to analyse the historical specificities of Romanian communism while expanding knowledge on this totalitarian regime. To this end, the research combines Narrative Inquiry with Personality Psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The time perspective of the individual acts as an indicator of the psychological health of cadets and is considered from the standpoint of optimizing health-saving technologies in military education. The dynamics of the time perspective of the personality of cadets of the University of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation at different stages of training is analyzed. Materials and methods. As methods of collecting empirical data, the method “Semantic time differential” by L.I. Wasserman et al., the method “Time Perspective Questionnaire” (ZTPI) by F. Zimbardo were used. The method of statistical comparative analysis using the Student’s T-test was used for quantitative data analysis. In total, 198 cadets of 1-5 courses of the Novosibirsk Military Institute named after General of the Army I.K. Yakovlev of the National Guard troops took part in the study. Results. The study shows a significant difference in the indicators of the time perspective of cadets of a military university with normative values, and in some indicators the cadets significantly exceed the normative values, and in some they do not correspond. It is also shown that there are statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the time perspective between cadets at different stages of training, which indicates the dynamics of the indicators of the time perspective. Conclusion. It is concluded that there are problems with the cadets’ time perspective, which consist in insufficient awareness of the present, insufficient activity in experiencing time and low perceptibility of time at the initial stages of training. It is assumed that the compensatory mechanisms that ensure the preservation of psychological health are increased emotionality in the perception of time.

\n Peer review serves to evaluate the scientific validity and quality of research by other researchers within the same field. Psychology, like many other disciplines, uses peer review to determine whether researchers’ work is published, where it is published, and in what form. However, the peer review system is imperfect, often perpetuating harm, exclusion, and inequities. We believe these problems hinder psychology from becoming a truly representative and valid science. In this paper, we uncover the historical roots of the peer review system in psychology and describe how these roots persist today. Then, using personality psychology as an exemplar, we leverage a social justice lens to: (1) document key contemporary problems in the peer review system; (2) identify global challenges in peer review; and (3) provide recommendations and guiding questions that might help the field become more equitable, diverse, just, and inclusive. To do so, we draw upon three sources of information: our personal experiences, qualitative and quantitative data from 104 self-identifying personality psychologists, and the prior literature. Ultimately, the goal of this work is to give voice to those who have been harmed in peer review, and to inform how we might reimagine peer review in personality psychology and beyond.Peer review is a common part of science and refers to the process in which researchers within the same field evaluate others’ work before it is published. Psychology uses peer review processes to determine whether researchers’ work is published, where it is published, and in what form. However, the peer review system is imperfect and can unfairly exclude or be harmful to some researchers. We believe these problems hinder psychology from becoming a truly diverse, equitable, representative, and valid science. In this paper, we discuss the history of the peer review system, document key problems in the peer review system, and provide solutions that may help minimize the problems and help psychology become more equitable, diverse, and inclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative literature is a flourishing platform for recognizing, evaluating and measuring the thinking and art of the people of different lands who have immortalized their thoughts, feelings and tastes in the form of poetry and stories in the realm of history. A better understanding of these thoughts and emotions will undoubtedly be possible by studying and comparing the tastes and arts of the people of other lands and comparing them. Weiss and Ramin, composed by Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani (poet of the fifth century AH) and the story of Tristan and Isot (by Joseph Badie, French writer of the twentieth century), are among the love and interesting stories. Some of the heroes in these two stories, one belonging to the Parthians and the other to the Celts, have a common moral and psychological spirit. The present article has tried to analyze the heroes of these two stories from the perspective of personality psychology in an analytical-comparative way. The study showed that although there are similarities in the morals and moral characteristics of some of the heroes of these two stories; But the existing differences originate from the spirits, customs, culture of the Parthian and Celtic peoples.

A small body of prior research that utilises a unidimensional conceptualisation of psychological entitlement suggests that individuals with a more internal locus of control and higher levels of self-efficacy tend to have lower levels of entitlement. However, prior research has not explored how locus of control and self-efficacy interact to predict entitlement using a multidimensional conceptualisation of entitlement. In the current quantitative research study, the researchers sought to explore the interaction between locus of control and general self-efficacy in predicting the multiple dimensions of psychological entitlement. A nationwide sample of 316 adult participants from the United States completed an anonymous survey measuring locus of control, self-efficacy, and entitlement. A hierarchical multiple regression indicated that general self-efficacy and locus of control significantly predict active and revenge entitlement, but there were no significant interactions between the predictor variables. Individuals with higher general self-efficacy demonstrated lower levels of active entitlement and higher levels of revenge entitlement. Individuals with a more external locus of control demonstrated lower levels of both active and revenge entitlement. No significant relationships were found for the traditional maladaptive conceptualisation of entitlement or passive entitlement.

People make meaning through life narrative. The central thesis of my book-length psychological biography of Donald Trump is that the 45th president of the United States defied this general meaning-making tendency and epitomized instead the episodic man. Like no other president in modern history, Trump seems to be nearly devoid of a narrative identity, which is an internalized and evolving story of the self that reconstructs the personal past and imagines the future in order to provide life with temporal continuity and meaning. Instead, Trump has always lived in the emotionally vivid moment (episode), fighting to win each moment, moment by discrete moment. Seeing him through the lens of the episodic man helps to explain many puzzling features of Donald Trump’s personality, from his charismatic effect on millions of Americans to his penchant for lying and malice. Importantly, the analysis of Trump’s episodic nature informs the scientific study of narrative identity and meaning making more generally, suggesting that people vary not only with respect to the kinds of stories they create for their lives but also with respect to the extent to which they construe life in narrative terms. Therefore, the analysis of Trump illustrates the potentially reciprocal relationship between the idiographic case and the nomothetic effort to develop and evaluate more general scientific hypotheses.