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The article discusses a rare case of vaccine-derived rubella virus-associated granulomata in an adult patient post-allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant. The patient developed cutaneous lesions after receiving the MMR vaccine, leading to non-caseating granulomata. The study highlights the possibility of VDRV triggering granulomata in immunosuppressed patients and emphasizes the importance of understanding the risks of live virus vaccination in such populations. Further research is needed to explore treatment options and the implications of rubella vaccination in immunocompromised individuals. [Extracted from the article]

In single stranded (+)-sense RNA viruses, RNA structural elements (SEs) play essential roles in the infection process from replication to encapsidation. Using selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension sequencing (SHAPE-Seq) and covariation analysis, we explore the structural features of the third genome segment of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), RNA3 (2216 nt), both in vitro and in plant cell lysates. Comparing SHAPE-Seq and covariation analysis results revealed multiple SEs in the coat protein open reading frame and 3' untranslated region. Four of these SEs were mutated and serially passaged in Nicotiana tabacum plants to identify biologically selected changes to the original mutated sequences. After passaging, loop mutants showed partial reversion to their wild-type sequence and SEs that were structurally disrupted by mutations were restored to wild-type-like structures via synonymous mutations in planta. These results support the existence and selection of virus open reading frame SEs in the host organism and provide a framework for further studies on the role of RNA structure in viral infection. Additionally, this work demonstrates the applicability of high-throughput chemical probing in plant cell lysates and presents a new method for calculating SHAPE reactivities from overlapping reverse transcriptase priming sites.