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10. Effects of neuromuscular blockers on transpulmonary pressures in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

Author

Guervilly, Christophe, Bisbal, Magali, Forel, Jean Marie, Mechati, Malika, Lehingue, Samuel, Bourenne, Jeremy, and Perrin, Gilles

Subjects
Medical research -- Analysis, Medicine, Experimental -- Analysis, Respiratory distress syndrome -- Analysis, Sufentanil -- Analysis, Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Analysis, Cisatracurium -- Analysis, Health care industry
Abstract

Purpose To investigate whether neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) exert beneficial effects in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by reason of their action on respiratory mechanics, particularly transpulmonary pressures (P.sub.L). Methods A prospective randomised controlled study in patients with moderate to severe ARDS within 48 h of the onset of ARDS. All patients were monitored by means of an oesophageal catheter and followed up for 48 h. Moderate ARDS patients were randomised into two groups according to whether they were given a 48-h continuous infusion of cisatracurium besylate or not (control group). Severe ARDS patients did not undergo randomisation and all received cisatracurium besylate per protocol. The changes during the 48-h study period in oxygenation and in respiratory mechanics, including inspiratory and expiratory P.sub.L and driving pressure, were assessed and compared. Delta P.sub.L (âP.sub.L) was defined as inspiratory P.sub.L minus expiratory P.sub.L. Results Thirty patients were included, 24 with moderate ARDS and 6 with severe ARDS. NMBA infusion was associated with an improvement in oxygenation in both moderate and severe ARDS, accompanied by a decrease in both plateau pressure and total positive end-expiratory pressure. The mean inspiratory and expiratory P.sub.L were higher in the moderate ARDS group receiving NMBA than in the control group. In contrast, there was no change in either driving pressure or âP.sub.L related to NMBA administration. Conclusions NMBA could exert beneficial effects in patients with moderate ARDS, at least in part, by limiting expiratory efforts., Author(s): Christophe Guervilly [sup.1], Magali Bisbal [sup.2] [sup.3], Jean Marie Forel [sup.1], Malika Mechati [sup.3], Samuel Lehingue [sup.1], Jeremy Bourenne [sup.3], Gilles Perrin [sup.3], Romain Rambaud [sup.1], Melanie Adda [sup.1], [...]

Published
2017
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11. Proceedings of Réanimation 2017, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

Author

Kamilia, Chtara, Regaieg, Kais, Baccouch, Najeh, Chelly, Hedi, Bahloul, Mabrouk, Bouaziz, Mounir, Jendoubi, Ali, Abbes, Ahmed, Belhaouane, Houda, Nasri, Oussama, Jenzri, Layla, Ghedira, Salma, Houissa, Mohamed, Belkadi, Kamal, Harti, Youness, Nsiri, Afak, Khaleq, Khalid, Hamoudi, Driss, Harrar, Rachid, Thieffry, Camille, Wallet, Frédéric, Parmentier-Decrucq, Erika, Favory, Raphaël, Mathieu, Daniel, Poissy, Julien, Lafon, Thomas, Vignon, Philippe, Begot, Emmanuelle, Appert, Alexandra, Hadj, Mathilde, Claverie, Paul, Matt, Morgan, Barraud, Olivier, François, Bruno, Jamoussi, Amira, Jazia, Amira Ben, Marhbène, Takoua, Lakhdhar, Dhouha, Khelil, Jalila Ben, Besbes, Mohamed, Goutay, Julien, Blazejewski, Caroline, Joly-Durand, Isabelle, Pirlet, Isabelle, Weillaert, Marie Pierre, Beague, Sebastien, Aziz, Soufi, Hafiane, Reda, Hattabi, Khalid, Bouhouri, Mohamed Aziz, Hammoudi, Driss, Fadil, Abdelaziz, Harrar, Rachid Al, Zerouali, Khalid, Medhioub, Fatma Kaaniche, Allela, Rania, Algia, Najla Ben, Cherif, Samar, Slaoui, Mohamed Taoufik, Boubia, Souhail, Hafiani, Y., Khaoudi, A., Cherkab, R., Elallam, W., Elkettani, C., Barrou, L., Ridaii, M., Mehdi, Rihi El, Schimpf, Caroline, Mizrahi, Assaf, Pilmis, Benoît, Le Monnier, Alban, Tiercelet, Kelly, Cherin, Mélanie, Bruel, Cédric, Philippart, Francois, Bailly, Sébastien, Lucet, Jc, Lepape, Alain, L’hériteau, François, Aupée, Martine, Bervas, Caroline, Boussat, Sandrine, Berger-Carbonne, Anne, Machut, Anaïs, Savey, Anne, Timsit, Jean-François, Razazi, Keyvan, Rosman, Jérémy, de Prost, Nicolas, Carteaux, Guillaume, Jansen, Chloe, Decousser, Jean Winoc, Brun-Buisson, Christian, Dessap, Armand Mekontso, M’rad, Aymen, Ouali, Zouhour, Barghouth, Manel, Kouatchet, Achille, Mahieu, Rafael, Weiss, Emmanuel, Schnell, David, Zahar, Jean-Ralph, Artiguenave, Margaux, Sophie, Paktoris-Papine, Espinasse, Florence, Sayed, Faten El, Dinh, Aurélien, Charron, Cyril, Geri, Guillaume, Vieillard-Baron, Antoine, Repessé, Xavier, Kallel, Hatem, Mayence, Claire, Houcke, Stéphanie, Guegueniat, Pascal, Hommel, Didier, Dhifaoui, Kaouther, Hajjej, Zied, Fatnassi, Amira, Sellami, Walid, Labbene, Iheb, Ferjani, Mustapha, Dachraoui, Fahmi, Nakkaa, Sabrine, M’ghirbi, Abdelwaheb, Adhieb, Ali, Braiek, Dhouha Ben, Hraiech, Kmar, Ousji, Ali, Ouanes, Islem, Zaineb, Hammouda, Abdallah, Saousen Ben, Ouanes-Besbes, Lamia, Abroug, Fekri, Klein, Simon, Miquet, Mattéo, Thouret, Jean-Marc, Peigne, Vincent, Daban, Jean-Louis, Boutonnet, Mathieu, Lenoir, Bernard, Merhbene, Takoua, Derreumaux, Celine, Seguin, Thierry, Conil, Jean-Marie, Kelway, Charlotte, Blasco, Valery, Nafati, Cyril, Harti, Karim, Reydellet, Laurent, Albanese, Jacques, Aicha, Narjess Ben, Meddeb, Khaoula, Khedher, Ahmed, Ayachi, Jihene, Fraj, Nesrine, Sma, Nesrine, Chouchene, Imed, Boussarsar, Mohamed, Yedder, Soumaya Ben, Samoud, Walid, Radhouene, Bousselmi, Mariem, Bousselmi, Ammar, Asma, Cheikh, Asma Ben, Lakhal, Hend Ben, Khelfa, Messaouda, Hamdaoui, Yamina, Bouafia, Nabiha, Trampont, Timothée, Daix, Thomas, Legarçon, Vincent, Karam, Henri Hani, Pichon, Nicolas, Essafi, Fatma, Foudhaili, Nasreddine, Thabet, Hafedh, Blel, Youssef, Brahmi, Nozha, Ezzouine, Hanane, Kerrous, Mahmoud, Haoui, Saad El, Ahdil, Soufiane, Benslama, Abdellatif, Abidi, Khalid, Dendane, Tarek, Oussama, Ssouni, Belayachi, Jihane, Madani, Naoufal, Abouqal, Redouane, Zeggwagh, Amine Ali, Ghadhoune, Hatem, Chaari, Anis, Jihene, Guissouma, Allouche, Hend, Trabelsi, Insaf, Brahmi, Habib, Samet, Mohamed, Ghord, Hatem El, Habiba, Ben Sik Ali, Hajer, Nouira, Tilouch, Najla, Yaakoubi, Sondes, Jaoued, Oussama, Gharbi, Rim, Hassen, Mohamed Fekih, Elatrous, Souheil, Arcizet, Julien, Leroy, Bertrand, Abdulmalack, Caroline, Renzullo, Catherine, Hamet, Maël, Doise, Jean-Marc, Coutet, Jérôme, Cheikh, Chaigar Mohammed, Quechar, Zakaria, Joris, Magalie, Beauport, Dimitri Titeca, Kontar, Loay, Lebon, Delphine, Gruson, Bérengère, Slama, Michel, Marolleau, Jean-Pierre, Maizel, Julien, Gorham, Julie, Ameye, Lieveke, Berghmans, Thierry, Paesmans, Marianne, Sculier, Jean-Paul, Meert, Anne-Pascale, Guillot, Max, Ledoux, Marie-Pierre, Braun, Thierry, Maestraggi, Quentin, Michard, Baptiste, Castelain, Vincent, Herbrecht, Raoul, Schneider, Francis, Couffin, Severine, Lobo, David, Mongardon, Nicolas, Dhonneur, Gilles, Mounier, Roman, Le Borgne, Pierrick, Couraud, Sophie, Herbrecht, Jean-Etienne, Boivin, Alexandra, Lefebvre, François, Bilbault, Pascal, Zelmat, Setti-Aouicha, Batouche, Djamila-Djahida, Mazour, Fatima, Chaffi, Belkacem, Benatta, Nadia, Sik, Ali Habiba, Talik, I., Perrier, Maxime, Gouteix, Eliane, Koubi, Claude, Escavy, Annabelle, Guilbaut, Victoria, Fosse, Jean-Philippe, Jazia, Rahma Ben, Abdelghani, Ahmed, Cungi, Pierre-Julien, Bordes, Julien, Nguyen, Cédric, Pierrou, Candice, Cruc, Maximilien, Benois, Alain, Duprez, Frédéric, Bonus, Thierry, Cuvelier, Grégory, Ollieuz, Sandra, Machayekhi, Sharam, Paciorkowski, Frédéric, Reychler, Gregory, Coudroy, Remi, Thille, Arnaud W., Drouot, Xavier, Diaz, Véronique, Meurice, Jean-Claude, Robert, René, Turki, Olfa, Ben, Hmida Chokri, Assefi, Mona, Deransy, Romain, Brisson, Hélène, Monsel, Antoine, Conti, Filomena, Scatton, Olivier, Langeron, Olivier, Ghezala, Hassen Ben, Snouda, Salah, Ben, Chiekh Imen, Kaddour, Moez, Armel, Anwar, Youness, Lafrikh, Abdelhak, Bensaid, Youssef, Miloudi, Najib, Al Harrar, Mustapha, Amouzoun, Noufel, Mtioui, Mohamed, Zamd, Salma, El Khayat, Ghizlane, Medkouri, Mohamed, Benghanam, Benyounes, Ramdani, Montini, Florent, Moschietto, Sébastien, Gregoire, Emilien, Claisse, Guillaume, Guiot, Julien, Morimont, Philippe, Krzesinski, Jean-Marie, Mariat, Christophe, Lambermont, Bernard, Cavalier, Etienne, Delanaye, Pierre, Benbernou, Soumia, Ilies, Sofiane, Azza, Abdelkader, Bouyacoub, Khalida, Louail, Meriem, Mokhtari-Djebli, Houria, Arrestier, Romain, Daviaud, Fabrice, Francois, Xavier Laborne, Brocas, Elsa, Choukroun, Gérald, Peñuelas, Oscar, Lorente, José-Angel, Cardinal-Fernandez, Pablo, Rodriguez, José-Maria, Aramburu, José-Antonio, Esteban, Andres, Frutos-Vivar, Fernando, Bitker, Laurent, Costes, Nicolas, Le Bars, Didier, Lavenne, Franck, Devouassoux, Mojgan, Richard, Jean-Christophe, Mechati, Malika, Gainnier, Marc, Papazian, Laurent, Guervilly, Christophe, Garnero, Aude, Arnal, Jean Michel, Roze, Hadrien, Richard, Jean Christophe, Repusseau, Benjamin, Dewitte, Antoine, Joannes-Boyau, Olivier, Ouattara, Alexandre, Harbouze, Nadia, Amine, A. M., Olandzobo, A. G., Herbland, Alexandre, Richard, Marie, Girard, Nicolas, Lambron, Lucile, Lesieur, Olivier, Wainschtein, Sarah, Hubert, Sidonie, Hugues, Albane, Tran, Marc, Bouillard, Philippe, Loteanu, Vlad, Leloup, Maxime, Laurent, Alexandra, Lheureux, Florent, Prestifilippo, Alessia, Cruz, Martin Delgado Maria, Romain, Rigal, Antonelli, Massimo, Blanch, Torra Lluis, Bonnetain, Franck, Grazzia-Bocci, Maria, Mancebo, Jordi, Samain, Emmanuel, Paul, Hebert, Capellier, Gilles, Zavgorodniaia, Taissa, Soichot, Marion, Malissin, Isabelle, Voicu, Sebastian, Garçon, Pierre, Goury, Antoine, Kerdjana, Lamia, Deye, Nicolas, Bourgogne, Emmanuel, Megarbane, Bruno, Mejri, Olfa, Hmida, Marwa Ben, Tannous, Salma, Chevillard, Lucie, Labat, Laurence, Risede, Patricia, Fredj, Hana, Léger, Maxime, Brunet, Marion, Le Roux, Gaël, Boels, David, Lerolle, Nicolas, Farah, Souaad, Amiel-Niemann, Hélène, Kubis, Nathalie, Declèves, Xavier, Peyraux, Nicoals, Baud, Frederic, Serafini, Micaela, Alvarez, Jean-Claude, Heinzelman, Annette, Jozwiak, Mathieu, Millasseau, Sandrine, Teboul, Jean-Louis, Alphonsine, Jean-Emmanuel, Depret, François, Richard, Nathalie, Attal, Pierre, Richard, Christian, Monnet, Xavier, Chemla, Denis, Jerbi, Salma, Khedhiri, Wafa, Necib, Hatem, Scarfo, Paolo, Chevalier, Charles, Piagnerelli, Michael, Lafont, Alexandre, Galy, Antoine, Mancia, Claire, Zerhouni, Amel, Tabeliouna, Kheira, Gaja, Ali, Hamrouni, Bassem, Malouch, Abir, Fourati, Sami, Messaoud, Rihab, Zarrouki, Youssef, Ziadi, Amra, Rhezali, Manal, Zouizra, Zahira, Boumzebra, Drissi, Samkaoui, Mohamed Abdennasser, Brunet, Jennifer, Canoville, Bertrand, Verrier, Pierre, Ivascau, Calin, Seguin, Amélie, Valette, Xavier, Du Cheyron, Damien, Daubin, Cedric, Bougouin, Wulfran, Aissaoui, Nadia, Lamhaut, Lionel, Jost, Daniel, Maupain, Carole, Beganton, Frankie, Bouglé, Adrien, Dumas, Florence, Marijon, Eloi, Jouven, Xavier, Cariou, Alain, Poirson, Florent, Chaput, Ulriikka, Beeken, Thomas, Maxime, Leclerc, Haikel, Oueslati, Vodovar, Dominique, Chelly, Jonathan, Marteau, Philippe, Chocron, Richard, Juvin, Philippe, Loeb, Thomas, Adnet, Frederic, Lecarpentier, Eric, Riviere, Antoine, De Cagny, Bertand, Soupison, Thierry, Privat, Elodie, Escutnaire, Joséphine, Dumont, Cyrielle, Baert, Valentine, Vilhelm, Christian, Hubert, Hervé, Leteurtre, Stéphane, Fresco, Marion, Bubenheim, Michael, Beduneau, Gaetan, Carpentier, Dorothée, Grange, Steven, Artaud-Macari, Elise, Misset, Benoit, Tamion, Fabienne, Girault, Christophe, Dumas, Guillaume, Chevret, Sylvie, Lemiale, Virginie, Mokart, Djamel, Mayaux, Julien, Pène, Frédéric, Nyunga, Martine, Perez, Pierre, Moreau, Anne-Sophie, Bruneel, Fabrice, Vincent, François, Klouche, Kada, Reignier, Jean, Rabbat, Antoine, Azoulay, Elie, Frat, Jean-Pierre, Ragot, Stéphanie, Constantin, Jean-Michel, Prat, Gwenael, Mercat, Alain, Boulain, Thierry, Demoule, Alexandre, Devaquet, Jérôme, Nseir, Saad, Charpentier, Julien, Argaud, Laurent, Beuret, Pascal, Ricard, Jean-Damien, Teiten, Christelle, Marjanovic, Nicolas, Palamin, Nicola, L’Her, Erwan, Bailly, Arthur, Boisramé-Helms, Julie, Champigneulle, Benoit, Kamel, Toufik, Mercier, Emmanuelle, Le Thuaut, Aurélie, Lascarrou, Jean-Baptiste, Rolle, Amélie, De Jong, Audrey, Chanques, Gérald, Jaber, Samir, Hariri, Geoffroy, Baudel, Jean-Luc, Dubée, Vincent, Preda, Gabriel, Bourcier, Simon, Joffre, Jeremie, Bigé, Naïke, Ait-Oufella, Hafid, Maury, Eric, Mater, Houda, Merdji, Hamid, Grimaldi, David, Rousseau, Christophe, Mira, Jean-Paul, Chiche, Jean-Daniel, Sedghiani, Ines, Benabderrahim, A., Hamdi, Dhekra, Jendoubi, Asma, Cherif, Mohamed Ali, Hechmi, Youssef Zied El, Zouheir, Jerbi, Bagate, François, Bousselmi, Radhwen, Schortgen, Frédérique, Asfar, Pierre, Guérot, Emmanuel, Fabien, Grelon, Anguel, Nadia, Sigismond, Lasocki, Matthieu, Henry-Lagarrigue, Gonzalez, Frédéric, François, Legay, Guitton, Christophe, Schenck, Maleka, Jean-Marc, Doise, Dreyfuss, Didier, Radermacher, Peter, Frère, Antoine, Martin-Lefèvre, Laurent, Colin, Gwenhaël, Fiancette, Maud, Henry-Laguarrigue, Matthieu, Lacherade, Jean-Claude, Lebert, Christine, Vinatier, Isabelle, Yehia, Aihem, Joret, Aurélie, Menunier-Beillard, Nicolas, Benzekri-Lefevre, Dalila, Desachy, Arnaud, Bellec, Fréderic, Plantefève, Gaëtan, Quenot, Jean-Pierre, Meziani, Ferhat, Tavernier, Elsa, Ehrmann, Stephan, Chudeau, Nicolas, Raveau, Tommy, Moal, Valérie, Houillier, Pascal, Rouve, Emmanuelle, Lakhal, Karim, Gandonnière, Charlotte Salmon, Jouan, Youenn, Bodet-Contentin, Laetitia, Balmier, Adrien, Messika, Jonathan, De Montmollin, Etienne, Pouyet, Victorine, Sztrymf, Benjamin, Thiagarajah, Abirami, Roux, Damien, De Chambrun, Marc Pineton, Luyt, Charles-Edouard, Beloncle, François, Zapella, Nathalie, Ledochowsky, Stanislas, Terzi, Nicolas, Mazou, Jean-Marc, Sonneville, Romain, Paulus, Sylvie, Fedun, Yannick, Landais, Mickael, Raphalen, Jean-Herlé, Combes, Alain, Amoura, Zahir, Jacquemin, Aemilia, Guerrero, Felipe, Marcheix, Bertrand, Hernandez, Nicolas, Fourcade, Olivier, Georges, Bernard, Delmas, Clément, Makoudi, Sarah, Genton, Audrey, Bernard, Rémy, Lebreton, Guillaume, Amour, Julien, Mazet, Charlotte, Bounes, Fanny, Murat, Gurbuz, Cronier, Laure, Robin, Guillaume, Biendel, Caroline, Silva, Stein, Boubeche, Samia, Abriou, Caroline, Wurtz, Véronique, Scherrer, Vincent, Rey, Nathalie, Gastaldi, Gioia, Veber, Benoit, Doguet, Fabien, Gay, Arnaud, Dureuil, Bertrand, Besnier, Emmanuel, Rouget, Antoine, Gantois, Guillaume, Magalhaes, Eric, Wanono, Ruben, Smonig, Roland, Lermuzeaux, Mathilde, Lebut, Jordane, Olivier, Andremont, Dupuis, Claire, Radjou, Aguila, Mourvillier, Bruno, Neuville, Mathilde, D’ortho, Marie Pia, Bouadma, Lila, Rouvel-Tallec, Anny, Rudler, Marika, Weiss, Nicolas, Perlbarg, Vincent, Galanaud, Damien, Thabut, Dominique, Rachdi, Emna, Mhamdi, Ghada, Trifi, Ahlem, Abdelmalek, Rim, Abdellatif, Sami, Daly, Foued, Nasri, Rochdi, Tiouiri, Hanene, Lakhal, Salah Ben, Rousseau, Geoffroy, Asmolov, Romain, Grammatico-Guillon, Leslie, Auvet, Adrien, Laribi, Said, Garot, Denis, Dequin, Pierre François, Guillon, Antoine, Fergé, Jean-Louis, Abgrall, Gwénolé, Hinault, Ronan, Vally, Shazima, Roze, Benoit, Chaplain, Agathe, Chabartier, Cyrille, Savidan, Anne-Charlotte, Marie, Sabia, Cabie, Andre, Resiere, Dabor, Valentino, Ruddy, Mehdaoui, Hossein, Benarous, Lucas, Soda-Diop, Marième, Bouzana, Fouad, Perrin, Gilles, Bourenne, Jeremy, Eon, Béatrice, Lambert, Dominique, Trebuchon, Agnes, Poncelet, Géraldine, Le Bourgeois, Fleur, Michael, Levy, Camille, Guillot, Naudin, Jérôme, Deho, Anna, Dauger, Stéphane, Sauthier, Michaël, Bergeron-Gallant, Krystale, Emeriaud, Guillaume, Jouvet, Philippe, Tiebergien, Nicolas, Jacquet-Lagrèze, Matthias, Fellahi, Jean-Luc, Baudin, Florent, Essouri, Sandrine, Javouhey, Etienne, Guérin, Claude, Lampin, Marie, Mamouri, Ouardia, Devos, Patrick, Karaca-Altintas, Yasemin, Vinchon, Matthieu, Brossier, David, Eltaani, Redha, Teyssedre, Sonia, Sabine, Meyet, Bouchut, Jean-Christophe, Peguet, Olivier, Petitdemange, Lucie, Guilbert, Anne Sophie, Aoul, Nabil Tabet, Addou, Zakaria, Aouffen, Nabil, Anas, Benqqa, Kalouch, Samira, Yaqini, Khalid, Chlilek, Aziz, Abdou, Rchi, Gravellier, Perrine, Chantreuil, Julie, Travers, Nadine, Listrat, Antoine, Le Reun, Claire, Favrais, Geraldine, Coppere, Zoe, Blanot, Stéphane, Montmayeur, Juliette, Bronchard, Régis, Rolando, Stephane, Orliaguet, Gilles, Leger, Pierre-Louis, Rambaud, Jérôme, Thueux, Emilie, De Larrard, Alexandra, Berthelot, Véronique, Denot, Julien, Reymond, Marie, Amblard, Alain, Morin-Zorman, Sarah, Lengliné, Etienne, Pichereau, Claire, Mariotte, Eric, Emmanuel, Canet, Poujade, Julien, Trumpff, Guillaume, Janssen-Langenstein, Ralf, Harlay, Marie-Line, Zaid, Noorah, Ait-Ammar, Nawel, Bonnal, Christine, Merle, Jean-Claude, Botterel, Francoise, Levesque, Eric, Riad, Zakaria, Mezidi, Mehdi, Yonis, Hodane, Aublanc, Mylène, Perinel-Ragey, Sophie, Lissonde, Floriane, Louf-Durier, Aurore, Tapponnier, Romain, Louis, Bruno, Forel, Jean-Marie, Bisbal, Magali, Lehingue, Samuel, Rambaud, Romain, Adda, Mélanie, Hraiech, Sami, Marchi, Elisa, Roch, Antoine, Guerin, Vincent, Rozencwajg, Sacha, Schmidt, Matthieu, Hekimian, Guillaume, Bréchot, Nicolas, Trouillet, Jean Louis, Besset, Sébastien, Franchineau, Guillaume, Nieszkowska, Ania, Pascal, Leprince, Loiselle, Maud, Sarah, Chemam, Laurence, Dangers, Guillemette, Thomas, Jacquens, Alice, Kerever, Sebastien, Guidet, Bertrand, Aegerter, Philippe, Das, Vincent, Fartoukh, Muriel, Hayon, Jan, Desmard, Mathieu, Fulgencio, Jean-Pierre, Zuber, Benjamin, Soufi, A., Khaleq, K., Hamoudi, D., Garret, Charlotte, Peron, Matthieu, Coron, Emmanuel, Bretonnière, Cédric, Audureau, Etienne, Audrey, Winters, Christophe, Duvoux, Christian, Jacquelinet, Daniel, Azoulay, Cyrille, Feray, Aissaoui, Wissal, Rghioui, Kawtar, Haddad, Wafae, Barrou, Houcine, Carteaux-Taeib, Anna, Lupinacci, Renato, Manceau, Gilles, Jeune, Florence, Tresallet, Christophe, Habacha, Sahar, Fathallah, Ines, Zoubli, Aymen, Aloui, Rafaa, Kouraichi, Nadia, Jouet, Emilie, Badin, Julie, Fermier, Brice, Feller, Marc, Serie, Mathieu, Pillot, Jérôme, Marie, William, Gisbert-Mora, Chloé, Vinclair, Camille, Lesbordes, Pierre, Mathieu, Pascal, De Brabant, Fabienne, Muller, Emmanuel, Robaux, Marie-Aline, Giabicani, Mikhael, Marchalot, Antoine, Gelinotte, Stéphanie, Declercq, Pierre Louis, Eraldi, Jean-Pierre, Bougerol, François, Meunier-Beillard, Nicolas, Devilliers, Hervé, Rigaud, Jean-Philippe, Verrière, Camille, Ardisson, Fanny, Kentish-Barnes, Nancy, Jacq, Gwenaëlle, Chermak, Akli, Lautrette, Alexandre, Legrand, Matthieu, Soummer, Alexis, Thiery, Guillaume, Cottereau, Alice, Canet, Emmanuel, Caujolle, Marie, Allyn, Jérôme, Valance, Dorothée, Brulliard, Caroline, Martinet, Olivier, Jabot, Julien, Gallas, Thomas, Vandroux, David, Allou, Nicolas, Durand, Arthur, Nevière, Rémi, Delguste, Florian, Boulanger, Eric, Preau, Sebastien, Martin, Ruste, Cochet, Hélène, Ponthus, Jean Pierre, Amilien, Virginie, Tchir, Martial, Barsam, Elise, Ayoub, Mohsen, Georger, Jean Francois, Guillame, Izaute, Assaraf, Julie, Tripon, Simona, Mallet, Maxime, Barbara, Guilaume, Louis, Guillaume, Gaudry, Stéphane, Barbarot, Nicolas, Jamet, Angéline, Outin, Hervé, Gibot, Sébastien, Bollaert, Pierre-Edouard, Holleville, Mathilde, Legriel, Stéphane, Chateauneuf, Anne Laure, Cavelot, Sébastien, Moyer, Jean-Denis, Bedos, Jean Pierre, Merle, Philippe, Laine, Aurelie, Natalie, De Sa, Cornuault, Mathieu, Libot, Jérome, Asehnoune, Karim, Rozec, Bertrand, Dantal, Jacques, Videcoq, Michel, Degroote, Thècle, Jaillette, Emmanuelle, Zerimech, Farid, Malika, Balduyck, Llitjos, Jean-François, Amara, Marlène, Lacave, Guillaume, Pangon, Béatrice, Mavinga, José, Makunza, Joseph Nsiala, Mafuta, M. E., Yanga, Yves, Eric, Amisi, Ilunga, Jp, Kilembe, Ma, Alby-Laurent, Fanny, Toubiana, Julie, Mokline, Amel, Laajili, Achraf, Amri, Helmi, Rahmani, Imene, Mensi, Nidhal, Gharsallah, Lazheri, Tlaili, Sofiene, Gasri, Bahija, Hammouda, Rym, Messadi, Amen Allah, Allain, Pierre-Antoine, Gault, Nathallie, Paugam-Burtz, Catherine, Foucrier, Arnaud, Chatbri, Bassem, Bourbiaa, Yousra, Thabet, Lamia, Neuschwander, Arthur, Vincent, Looten, Beck, Jennifer, Vibol, Chhor, Amelie, Yavchitz, Resche-Rigon, Matthieu, Pirracchio, Jean MantzRomain, Bureau, Côme, Decavèle, Maxens, Campion, Sébastien, Ainsouya, Roukia, Niérat, Marie-Cécile, Prodanovic, Hélène, Raux, Mathieu, Similowski, Thomas, Dubé, Bruno-Pierre, Demiri, Suela, Dres, Martin, May, Faten, Quintard, Hervé, Kounis, Ilias, Saliba, Faouzi, André, Stephane, Boudon, Marc, Ichai, Philippe, Younes, Aline, Nakad, Lionel, Coilly, Audrey, Antonini, Teresa, Sobesky, Rodolphe, De Martin, Eleonora, Samuel, Didier, Hubert, Noemie, Nay, Mai-Anh, Auchabie, Johann, Giraudeau, Bruno, Jean, Reignier, Darmon, Michaël, Ruckly, Stephane, Garrouste-Orgeas, Maïté, Gratia, Elisabeth, Goldgran-Toledano, Dany, Jamali, Samir, Dumenil, Anne Sylvie, Schwebel, Carole, Brisard, Laurent, Bizouarn, Philippe, Lepoivre, Thierry, Nicolet, Johanna, Rigal, Jean Christophe, Roussel, Jean Christian, Cheurfa, Cherifa, Abily, Julien, Lescot, Thomas, Page, Isaline, Warnier, Stéphanie, Nys, Monique, Rousseau, Anne-Françoise, Damas, Pierre, Uhel, Fabrice, Lesouhaitier, Mathieu, Grégoire, Murielle, Gaudriot, Baptiste, Gacouin, Arnaud, Le Tulzo, Yves, Flecher, Erwan, Tarte, Karin, Tadié, Jean-Marc, Georges, Quentin, Soares, M., Jeon, Kyeongman, Oeyen, Sandra, Rhee, Chin Kook, Gruber, Pascale, Ostermann, Marlies, Hill, Quentin, Depuydt, Peter, Ferra, Christelle, Muller, Alice, Aurelie, Bourmaud, Niles, Christopher, Herbert, Fabien, Pied, Sylviane, Loridant, Séverine, François, Nadine, Bignon, Anne, Sendid, Boualem, Lemaitre, Caroline, Dupre, Celine, Zayene, Aymen, Portier, Lucie, De Freitas Caires, Nathalie, Lassalle, Philippe, Le Neindre, Aymeric, Selot, Pascal, Ferreiro, Daniel, Bonarek, Maria, Henriot, Stépahen, Rodriguez, Julie, Taddei, Mara, Di Bari, Mauro, Hickmann, Cheryl, Castanares-Zapatero, Diego, Deldicque, Louise, Van Den Bergh, Peter, Caty, Gilles, Roeseler, Jean, Francaux, Marc, Laterre, Pierre-François, Dupuis, Bastien, Machayeckhi, Sharam, Sarfati, Celine, Moore, Alex, Mendialdua, Paula, Rodet, Emilie, Pilorge, Catherine, Stephan, Francois, Rezaiguia-Delclaux, Saida, Dugernier, Jonathan, Hesse, Michel, Jumetz, Thibaud, Bialais, Emilie, Depoortere, Virginie, Michotte, Jean Bernard, Wittebole, Xavier, Jamar, François, REA‑RAISIN Studygroup, OUTCOMEREA study group, Sudden Death Expertise Center, for the HYPER2S Investigators and REVA research network, Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis (CRICS network), Cubrea network, and Brain Liver Pitié-Salpêtrière Study Group (BLIPS)

Published
2017
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22. Guest speakers lectures, oral presentations, clinical case presentations

Author

Casamitjana Ferrandiz, J. M., Barrey, Cédric, Skalli, Wafa, Matgé, Guy, Aydinli, Ufuk, Voršič, Matjaž, Balabaud, Laurent, Caux, I., Dova, C., Richard, B., Antonietti, P., Mazel, C., Perrin, Gilles, Charles, Yann Philippe, Steib, Jean-Paul, Fokter, Samo K., Loret, Jean-Edouard, Ashkenazi, Ely, Dostal, Martin, Kaech, Denis Laurent, Ferry, Tristan, Laurent, F., Lustig, S., Chidiac, C., Sano, Shigeo, Kanayama, Masahiro, Prud’homme, Marion, Barrios, Carlos, Rouch, Philippe, Recnik, Gregor, Eun, Sang Soo, Lee, Sang-Ho, Zeilstra, Dick, Aksakal, Murat, Akesen, Burak, Gangi, Afshin, Tsoumakidou, Georgia, Garnon, Julien, Enescu, Iulian, Bing, Fabrice, Bunc, Gorazd, Ravnik, Janez, Arrotegui, Iñaki, Escamez, Angel, Hernandez, Cesar, Werle, Stephan, Wiese, Dirk, Boehm, Heinrich, Calori, Giorgio Maria, Mazza, E., Colombo, M., Ripamonti, C., Mainard, Didier, Alfonso, Matías, Weber, Franz E., Hasegawa, Kazuhiro, Helder, Marco N., Hoogendoorn, R. J. W., Kroeze, R. J., Vergroesen, P. P. A., Paul, C. P. L., Detiger, S. E. L., Vanroyen, B. J., Smit, T. H., Ronai, Marton, Jakab, Gabor, Cazeneuve, Jean-François, Zaulan, Yaron, Alexandrovsky, Vitaly, Zilberstein, Boris, Puhov, Alex, Khazin, Fadi, Sulliman, Ali, Bernfeld, Benjemin, Bruskin, Alexander, Obeid, Ibrahim, Vital, Jean-Marc, Sailhan, Frédéric, Norotte, Gilles, Mainard-Simard, Laurence, Steffen, Jean-Sebastien, Gille, O., Mutlu, Müren, Kara, Kürşat, Yilmazlar, Aysun, and Kaelin, André J.

Published
2012
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27. Guest speakers lectures

Author

Kaech, Denis, Hasegawa, Kazuhiro, Vitzthum, Hans-Ekkehart, Poffyn, Bart, Sys, G., Parlevliet, T., Uyttendaele, D., Kitahara, K., Oribe, K., Guizzardi, Giancarlo, Petrini, P., Matgé, Guy, Sénégas, Jacques, Fuji, Takeshi, Hosono, N., Szpalski, Marek, Dubois, Gilles, De Germay, B., Salmon, B., Scholsem, M., Perrin, Gilles, Cristini, A., Schoenmayr, Robert, Mazel, C., Balabaud, L., Vilendecic, Milorad, Darko, L., Le Huec, J. C., Aunoble, S., Chalali, M., Bourghli, A., Mayer, Michaël, Szpalski, M., Kandziora, Frank, Mayer, M., Kim, I. -S., Mäurer, J. C., Melzer, M., Boriani, Stefano, Cappuccio, M., Bandiera, S., Gasbarrini, A., Heini, Paul, Gangi, Afshin, Buy, X., Tsoumakidou, G., and Melcher, Robert

Published
2010
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28. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome

Author

Papazian, Laurent, Forel, Jean-Marie, Gacouin, Arnaud, Penot-Ragon, Christine, Perrin, Gilles, Loundou, Anderson, Jaber, Samir, Arnal, Jean-Michel, Perez, Didier, Seghboyan, Jean-Marie, Constantin, Jean-Mitchel, Courant, Pierre, Lefrant, Jean-Yves, Guerin, Claude, Prat, Gwenael, Morange, Sophie, and Roch, Antoine

Subjects
Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Drug therapy, Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Patient outcomes, Artificial respiration -- Usage, Artificial respiration -- Health aspects, Neuromuscular blocking agents -- Usage, Neuromuscular blocking agents -- Health aspects
Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes in patients following the use of neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Results indicated that in the case of patients with severe ARDS the use of such blockers greatly increased survival as well as time off ventilator without increasing weakness of muscles.

Published
2010

29. Application of a second-gradient model of ductile fracture on a Dissimilar Metal Weld

Author

Yang Jun, Lacroix Rémi, Bergheau Jean-Michel, Leblond Jean-Baptiste, and Perrin Gilles

Subjects
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

A “micromorphic”, second-gradient model applicable to ductile porous materials has been proposed, as an improvement from the fundamental work of Gurson that take into account the physical mechanisms responsible for ductile damage. The model has been applied to the study of fracture of the decarburized layer of a Dissimilar Metal Weld. The model successfully reproduces the crack path experimentally observed in a notched tensile sample extracted from this weld, different from the one predicted by the first gradient model.

Published
2016
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31. Effect of Statin Therapy on Mortality in Patients With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Papazian, Laurent, Roch, Antoine, Charles, Pierre-Emmanuel, Penot-Ragon, Christine, Perrin, Gilles, Roulier, Philippe, Goutorbe, Philippe, Lefrant, Jean-Yves, Wiramus, Sandrine, Jung, Boris, Perbet, Sébastien, Hernu, Romain, Nau, André, Baldesi, Olivier, Allardet-Servent, Jerome, Baumstarck, Karine, Jouve, Elisabeth, Moussa, Myriam, Hraiech, Sami, Guervilly, Christophe, and Forel, Jean-Marie

Published
2013
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37. Norepinephrine or dopamine for the treatment of hyperdynamic septic shock?

Author

Martin, Claude, Papazian, Laurent, Perrin, Gilles, Saux, Pierre, and Gouin, Francois

Subjects
Noradrenaline -- Physiological aspects, Dopamine -- Physiological aspects, Septic shock -- Drug therapy, Health, Drug therapy, Physiological aspects
Abstract

Study objective: To compare the ability of dopamine and norepinephrine to reverse hemodynamic and metabolic abnormalities of human hyperdynamic septic shock. Design: Prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. Setting: An ICU in [...]

Published
1993

38. Safety of interventional rigid bronchoscopy using intravenous anesthesia and spontaneous assisted ventilation: a prospective study

Author

Perrin, Gilles, Colt, Henri G., Martin, Claude, Mak, Marie-Andree, Dumon, Jean-Francois, and Gouin, Francois

Subjects
Bronchoscopy -- Safety and security measures, Airway obstruction (Medicine) -- Care and treatment, Health, Care and treatment, Safety and security measures
Abstract

Study Objective: To investigate the safety of total intravenous anesthesia and spontaneous assisted ventilation during interventional rigid bronchoscopy (IRB). Design: Prospective, noncomparative study. Setting: A university hospital thoracic endoscopy and [...]

Published
1992

39. Performance evaluation of three vaporizing humidifiers and two heat and moisture exchangers in patients with minute ventilation >10 L/min

Author

Martin, Claude, Papazian, Laurent, Perrin, Gilles, Bantz, Philippe, and Gouin, Francois

Subjects
Artificial respiration -- Methods, Humidifiers -- Evaluation, Health, Evaluation, Methods
Abstract

Study Objective: To compare the thermal and humidification capacity of three heated hot water systems (HHWSs) and two heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) in ICU patients submitted to minute ventilation [...]

Published
1992

42. Heat and moisture exchangers and vaporizing humidifiers in the intensive care unit

Author

Martin, Claude, Perrin, Gilles, Gevaudan, Marie-Jose, Saux, Pierre, and Gouin, Francois

Subjects
Artificial respiration, Airway (Medicine) -- Injuries, Humidifiers -- Evaluation, Health, Evaluation, Complications and side effects, Injuries
Abstract

A prospective, randomized, controlled study was undertaken to compare the Pall Ultipor breathing circuit filter (PUBCF), a heat-and-moisture exchanger, and heated hot water systems (HHWSs) in ICU patients submitted to [...]

Published
1990

43. [Adult intramedullary gliomas]

Author

Campello, C., Parker, F., Slimani, S., Le Floch, A., Herbrecht, A., Aghakhani, N., Lacroix, C., Loiseau, H., Lejeune, J. P., Perrin, Gilles, Honnorat, J., Dufour, H., Chinot, O., Figarella, D., Bauchet, L., Duffau, H., Lonjon, M., Labauge, Pierre, Messerer, M., Daures, J. P., Fabbro, P., Ducot, B., Neuro-Oncologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service d'Anatomo-Cyto-Pathologie et de NeuroPathologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (ACPNP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Pasteur [Nice] (CHU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), and Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Gliomes intramédullaires, Radiotherapy, Intramedullary gliomas, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Évolution, Glioma, nervous system diseases, Chemotherapy, Humans, Surgery, Female, Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Chirurgie, neoplasms, Chimiothérapie, Outcome, Radiothérapie, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

International audience; Intramedullary gliomas are rare tumors accounting for less than 4% of all primary central nervous system tumors. The aims of this retrospective multicenter study were to assess their natural outcome as well as management. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We studied 332~patients from 1984~to 2011. Histopathological examination revealed 72% ependymomas (94% were low grade tumors), 24% astrocytomas (29% were high grade tumors), 2.4% mixed gliomas and 1.7% oligodendrogliomas. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 42.4~years for ependymomas, with male predominance, versus 39.6~years for astrocytomas. Pain was the most common initial presentation. In 20% of cases, astrocytomas were biopsied alone, but more than 80% of ependymomas had surgical resection. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were reserved for malignant tumors, especially if they were ependymomas. The 5-year survival rate was 76.8% for astrocytomas and 94.5% for ependymomas. Histology, functional status prior to surgery, and tumor grade are among the prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that surgical treatment of gliomas is well codified, at least for ependymomas, but adjuvant treatment continues to play a marginal role in the management even in astrocytomas, which are infiltrative tumors.

Published
2016

46. Effects of neuromuscular blockers on transpulmonary pressures in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

Author

Guervilly, Christophe, primary, Bisbal, Magali, additional, Forel, Jean Marie, additional, Mechati, Malika, additional, Lehingue, Samuel, additional, Bourenne, Jeremy, additional, Perrin, Gilles, additional, Rambaud, Romain, additional, Adda, Melanie, additional, Hraiech, Sami, additional, Marchi, Elisa, additional, Roch, Antoine, additional, Gainnier, Marc, additional, and Papazian, Laurent, additional

Published
2016
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47. Analytic stress-strain relationship for isotropic network model of rubber elasticity

Author

Perrin Gilles

Subjects
Physics, Theoretical physics, Superposition principle, Integrable system, Rubber elasticity, Mathematical analysis, Isotropy, General Physics and Astronomy, Padé approximant, Inverse, General Chemistry, Brillouin and Langevin functions, Network model
Abstract

James and Guth [3] have used the inverse Langevin function-based expression of tension in a polymer chain to build the so-called 3-chain model of uncompressible rubber elasticity. It is an analytical model, but it is not isotropic. If one considers an isotropic superposition of an infinite number of chains in all the directions, one obtains an isotropic model, but it is no more tractable analytically. Following Cohen [12], we propose to replace the inverse Langevin function by its Pade approximant, the two functions being very close. The isotropic model is then analytically integrable, and yields large strain strain-stress relationship.

Published
2000

48. Simulation numérique par éléments finis d'agrégats polycristallins soumis à des chargements thermomécaniques issus du soudage

Author

Zhang, Chunping, CHARLES, Yann, GASPERINI, Monique, BACROIX, Brigitte, Robin, Vincent, Perrin, Gilles, Association Française de Mécanique, and Service irevues, irevues

Subjects
thermoélastoviscoplasticité, polycristal, simulation éléments finis, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], [PHYS.MECA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]
Abstract

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; Le soudage multi-passes de tubes en acier inoxydable austénitique implique des chargements thermomécaniques cycliques complexes, susceptibles d’affecter le matériau au-delà de la zone affectée thermiquement, et dont les effets sur les hétérogénéités de contraintes et de déformations intra et intergranulaires sont encore mal compris. Afin d’analyser numériquement l’influence des textures cristallographique (orientations et désorientations cristallines) et morphologique (taille et forme des grains) sur ces hétérogénéités, des simulations par éléments finis sur des structures idéalisées ont été effectuées à l’aide du code de calcul Abaqus©. Des agrégats polycristallins 3D ont été générés par extrusion de géométries 2D, issues de pavages réguliers ou d’images de microstructures réelles déterminées par MEB-EBSD. Le comportement du monocristal a été supposé thermoélastoviscoplatique anisotrope. L’orientation de chaque grain a été définie soit à partir des mesures EBSD, soit générée aléatoirement. Les conditions de chargement ont été appliquées à partir d’un calcul de soudage réalisé par Areva avec le logiciel Sysweld. La prise en compte dans Abaqus de l’ensemble de ces hypothèses a nécessité le développement de procédures utilisateurs permettant aux deux logiciels de communiquer et de traiter ainsi l'aspect multi-échelle. Les paramètres de la loi de comportement ont été identifiés par méthode inverse à partir de données de la littérature sur le comportement du matériau en traction à différentes températures, de 300 à 1200 K. Des procédures spécifiques de post-traitement en python ont également été développées, notamment pour calculer les contraintes normales et tangentielles aux joints de grains. Les résultats montrent les évolutions de distributions de champs mécaniques pour différentes configurations, caractérisées par des désorientations aléatoires ou exacerbées, et pour différentes orientations des joints de grains par rapport aux axes du chargement imposé. Les résultats sont discutés par comparaison avec les simulations numériques réalisées pour un comportement mécanique isotrope sur un matériau homogène.

Published
2013

49. Modélisation de la phase de compaction du procédé CIC à l'échelle mésoscopique

Author

Zouaghi, Ala, Bellet, Michel, Bienvenu, Yves, Perrin, Gilles, Cédat, Denis, Bernacki, Marc, Association Française de Mécanique, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Matériaux (MAT), Centre Technique Areva, and AREVA NP - Centre Technique (FRANCE)

Subjects
CIC, fonction level-set, échelle mésoscopique, Compaction de poudre, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], technique de remaillage, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; La Compaction Isostatique à Chaud (CIC ou Hot Isostatic Pressing HIP en anglais) est un procédé de compaction de poudre qui consiste à soumettre une enveloppe remplie de poudre à un traitement thermique sous pression isostatique. Dans ce procédé, la déformation viscoplastique des particules est un mécanisme prépondérant. Cependant, la compréhension de l'impact global des conditions aux limites thermo-mécaniques et de la granulométrie de poudre sur la microstructure obtenue après ce mécanisme n'est pas simple. Une méthode éléments finis basée sur l'utilisation de level-sets couplée avec une technique de remaillage est proposée afin de modéliser la déformation viscoplastique des particules de poudre à l'échelle mésoscopique sur un Volume Elémentaire Représentatif (VER). La méthode consiste à générer, dans un maillage éléments finis, un empilement de particules sphériques représenté implicitement par des fonctions level-set. Afin d'éviter un coût de calcul important, une adaptation de maillage est également effectuée au niveau des interfaces des particules pour les décrire correctement et gérer la forte discontinuité des propriétés physiques entre les deux sous-domaines (particules et espace inter-particulaire). Les résultats de ce travail sont présentés et discutés.

Published
2011

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