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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the cultural and social context of Honest to God. It focuses on the media controversy about the book, and broader 1960s debates about permissiveness and secularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The tendency to be permissive in face of a discriminatory situation is called collusion. The present study aimed to define and characterize collusion, and identify the variables connected to it, considering the perspective of different identity groups. Participants were 31 individuals divided in seven focus groups. The analysis indicated four categories connected to collusion: a) Close Relations: valuable interactions through which individuals learn behavioral patterns that lead to permissiveness; b) Group Identity: social identities, and intergroup relations patterns; c) Situation: characteristics of the situation in which discrimination is observed; and d) Cost-Effective Balance: perception the individuals have regarding the impact of their actions on the context and the cost attached to it.

This study was designed to investigate the impact of Adlerian parent trainings on parenting style and perceived competence in order to assess whether Positive Discipline parent-training courses promote the authoritative parenting style and increase parents' sense of competence. The central constructs were assessed through online surveys that included the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the Parent Sense of Competence (PSOC). Results indicated that parents experienced significant increases in authoritative parenting and sense of competence from pretest to posttest, as well as a reduced authoritarian and permissive parenting style. The study provides empirical support for the theoretical link between the Adlerian parenting model and the authoritative parenting model through the addition of validated measures of parenting style and competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept 'parenting styles' has been widely examined to understand the etiology of narcissism for decades. This study aimed to systematically review the empirical research literature regarding the association between perceived parenting styles and narcissism. In this study, Ebscohost, Wiley Online Library, Taylor&Francis, Springer Link, PubMed, PsycNet, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were searched using identified keywords. An extensive database search resulted in 75 identified publications. Of these, 60 were scrutinized, and in the end, ten studies were included in the review for data synthesis. To reach a common conceptualization on the parenting styles, the results were evaluated based on Baumrind's typology. As a result of this systematic review, we can conclude that there is a relationship between narcissism and parenting styles. In particular, perceived permissive parenting was positively correlated with narcissism. However, the relationship between narcissism and other parenting styles is more complex. Therefore, more high-quality empirical studies are needed to investigate the relationship between parenting and narcissism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: A novel coronavirus that causes a worldwide pandemic poses a significant threat to patients. The virus can induce not only a cytokine storm and thrombosis but also various extra-respiratory diseases such as liver dysfunction, strong headaches, loss of smell and even psychiatric disorders. However, information on whether SARS-CoV-2 can infect liver or brain tissues is still contradictory. Here, we show that the coronavirus efficiently infects liver cancer cells but does not replicate in non-tumor hepatocyte-like cells. SARS-CoV-2 was also found to infect some glioblastoma cells, which is the most common type of brain tumor. In conclusion, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect tumor tissues. Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged at the end of 2019 and rapidly caused a pandemic that led to the death of >6 million people due to hypercoagulation and cytokine storm. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 triggers a wide array of pathologies, including liver dysfunction and neurological disorders. It remains unclear if these events are due to direct infection of the respective tissues or result from systemic inflammation. Here, we explored the possible infection of hepatic and CNS cell lines by SARS-CoV-2. We show that even moderate expression levels of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are sufficient for productive infection. SARS-CoV-2 infects hepatoma Huh7.5 and HepG2 cells but not non-transformed liver progenitor or hepatocyte/cholangiocyte-like HepaRG cells. However, exposure to the virus causes partial dedifferentiation of HepaRG cells. SARS-CoV-2 can also establish efficient replication in some low-passage, high-grade glioblastoma cell lines. In contrast, embryonal primary astrocytes or neuroblastoma cells did not support replication of the virus. Glioblastoma cell permissiveness is associated with defects in interferon production. Overall, these results suggest that liver dysfunction during COVID-19 is not due to infection of these tissues by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, tumors may potentially serve as reservoirs for the virus during infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on permissivism, the value of rationality, and a convergence-theoretic epistemology. Topics include the debate between impermissivists and permissivists regarding whether there can be multiple rational responses to the same evidence; and the response to the value problem by introducing a convergence-theoretic approach to rationality and arguing that it is compatible with permissive.

The tendency to be permissive in face of a discriminatory situation is called collusion. The present study aimed to define and characterize collusion, and identify the variables connected to it, considering the perspective of different identity groups. Participants were 31 individuals divided in seven focus groups. The analysis indicated four categories connected to collusion: a) Close Relations: valuable interactions through which individuals learn behavioral patterns that lead to permissiveness; b) Group Identity: social identities, and intergroup relations patterns; c) Situation: characteristics of the situation in which discrimination is observed; and d) Cost-Effective Balance: perception the individuals have regarding the impact of their actions on the context and the cost attached to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation examined whether academic entitlement (AE) and academic dishonesty (AD) increased significantly over the course of the first semester of university coursework. AE and AD were measured at three time points over students’ first semester in university and examined for change. While both increased, only AE’s increase was statistically significant over the semester. Additionally, sense of sense (intrinsic motivation and locus of control) and parenting experienced in the family of origin (permissive and authoritarian) were investigated as predictors of initial and final levels of AE and AD using structural equation modeling. Rise in AE was related to authoritarian parenting. End-of-semester AD was predicted by both authoritarian and permissive parenting, with evidence for partial mediation of the link with permissive parenting via sense of sense and entry-level AD. Permissive parenting was unexpectantly related to a more internal locus of control and higher intrinsic motivation, which were negatively linked to academic dishonesty. Directions for further research and recommendations for dealing with students’ AE and AD are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Natural hosts infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have a different bile acid (BA) composition than non-natural hosts uninfected. Our cumulative reports clarified that amid humoral milieu components, BA renders HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells. However, it is unknown if BA has a permissive effect in HCV against the same target cells. Objective: We aimed to establish an in vitro replication platform with BA-directed HCV entry and permissiveness in both human and murine cell lines. Results: Low doses of different BAs, such as trihydroxy BA, taurocholic acid (tCA) and dihydroxy BA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA), augmented HCV genome stability and surface antigenicity in vitro. By contrast, high-dosed BA improved the entry of wild type HCV into human and rodent hepatoma or non-hepatic cell lines. In line, we found that the in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCA coupled with 1 × 106 IU/mL HCV) was optimal for HCV penetration into target cells. Human (HepG2, Huh7) and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected with HCV using this method, as evidenced by the presence of HCV RNA in culture supernatant. Further, cellular entry assay revealed that HCV could infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species or organ/tissue, consequently reproducing viral progeny as confirmed by HCV RNA. Lastly, irrespective of tCA, HCV progenies from immortalized HepG2 or Hepa1c1c7 cells successfully infected their mother cells as shown in reinfection assay. Conclusion: This study reveals that a high dose of BA, specifically tCA, can directly regulate lipid bilayer status in vitro, allowing HCV entry into immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes in humans and mice. This is the first report on HCV permissiveness into human or rodent hepatocytes and non-hepatocytes via non-genetic humoral milieu modulation alone, establishing the platform for a robust HCV replication system in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epistemic uniqueness is the view that there is at most one rational doxastic response to a given batch of evidence E, while epistemic permissiveness is the denial of epistemic uniqueness. As several authors have noted, one of the attractions of epistemic permissiveness is that it allows us to believe that more than one doxastic response may be rationally faultless, and so permits us to respect the epistemic credentials of all parties to a dispute. I argue that permissiveness is unable to deliver on this claimed benefit in many philosophical disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I hope to show that each of 1, 2, and 3 are plausible, yet we can derive 4: It is epistemically permissible to believe that our preferred views in multi-proposition disputes are true, or at least more likely true than not. If it is epistemically permissible to believe that our preferred views in multi-proposition disputes are true, or at least more likely true than not, then it is epistemically permissible for us to believe that we are über epistemic superiors to our disagreeing colleagues in multi-proposition disputes. It is not epistemically permissible to believe that we are über epistemic superiors to our disagreeing colleagues in multi-proposition disputes. At least one of 1, 2, or 3, is false. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers how pornographers negotiated the 'permissive moment' in Britain in the 1970s. It examines, as a case study, the publication Sexpertise: Shaved Pubes Special to discuss how editors grappled with changing definitions of obscenity and sexual liberation through the content of their magazines. Sexpertise's focus on the fetishisation of female pubic hair removal was a way for the magazine's editors to locate themselves at the forefront of sexual radicalism and innovation at a time when pubic hair was seen as becoming increasingly respectable. I argue that the magazine's embrace of pubic hairlessness was not only a way for it to appear cutting edge but also reveals anxieties about the changing sexual landscape in Britain and the effects of this on the pornography market. Attempts to sustain a sense of relevance manifested in Sexpertise's engagement with the historical 'roots' of hairlessness and the erotic. This article concludes by examining more broadly the function of nostalgia within pornographic texts and considers how historians might utilise pornographic discourses as texts and archives which recycle ideas about the sexual past in order to make sense of the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a social media campaign aimed at reducing mothers' permissiveness for indoor tanning (IT) by their teenage daughters, a secondary analysis of campaign engagement effects on IT outcomes was performed. Mothers (n = 869) with daughters aged 14–17 were recruited in 34 states that did not ban IT by minors under age 18 for a randomized trial with follow-up at 12 months (end of intervention) and 18 months (6 months after intervention) post-randomization. Daughters' (n = 469) baseline and follow-up responses were analyzed too. Mothers received a Facebook feed on adolescent health topics that included posts about preventing IT (intervention) or prescription drug misuse (control). Engagement was measured by extracting reactions (e.g., like, sad, etc.) and comments posted by mothers to the campaign posts. Overall, 76.4% of posts received a reaction and/or comment. Mothers who engaged with IT posts were less permissive of daughters' IT immediately at the conclusion of the campaign (permit IT: −0.39, p <.05; facilitate IT: −0.29, p <.05) and 6 months after intervention (permit IT: −0.32, p <.05; facilitate IT: −0.31, p <.05) than mothers who did not engage with posts. Engagement with posts was essential to the success of a social media campaign for preventing IT by minors by reducing mothers' permissiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies / Sodobna Pedagogika is the property of Association of Slovenian Educationalists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged at the end of 2019 and rapidly caused a pandemic that led to the death of >6 million people due to hypercoagulation and cytokine storm. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 triggers a wide array of pathologies, including liver dysfunction and neurological disorders. It remains unclear if these events are due to direct infection of the respective tissues or result from systemic inflammation. Here, we explored the possible infection of hepatic and CNS cell lines by SARS-CoV-2. We show that even moderate expression levels of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are sufficient for productive infection. SARS-CoV-2 infects hepatoma Huh7.5 and HepG2 cells but not non-transformed liver progenitor or hepatocyte/cholangiocyte-like HepaRG cells. However, exposure to the virus causes partial dedifferentiation of HepaRG cells. SARS-CoV-2 can also establish efficient replication in some low-passage, high-grade glioblastoma cell lines. In contrast, embryonal primary astrocytes or neuroblastoma cells did not support replication of the virus. Glioblastoma cell permissiveness is associated with defects in interferon production. Overall, these results suggest that liver dysfunction during COVID-19 is not due to infection of these tissues by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, tumors may potentially serve as reservoirs for the virus during infection.

The concept of the "cult of the child" highlights a radical change in child representation. Having been neglected and even disrespected for centuries, children are now valued, and their interests are placed above all others. This change in views of children, reflected in changes in laws, institutions and practices, has also spread to two pillars of our democratic societies, the family and the school, with a number of consequences for parents, teachers and children. The purpose of this article is to (1) describe the changes in thinking that have led to the cult of the child, (2) examine their consequences for children and parents, (3) examine their consequences for students and teachers, and (4) reflect on how to preserve the benefits of these changes while limiting the negative consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effect of socioeconomic status on adolescent substance abuse may be mediated by family socialization practices. However, traditional mediation analysis using a product or difference method is susceptible to bias when assumptions are not addressed. We aimed to use a potential outcomes framework to assess assumptions of exposure-mediator interaction and of no confounding of the results.Method: We revisited a traditional mediation analysis with a multiple mediator causal mediation approach using data from 17,761 Norwegian young people (13-18 years), 51% female. Data were collected through a print questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was operationalized as parental education and employment status (employed or receiving welfare); drinking behavior as the frequency of alcohol consumption and frequency of intoxication in the past year; and socialization practices as general parenting measures, alcohol-related parental permissiveness, and parent drinking behavior.Results: There was no consistent evidence of exposure-mediator interaction. Formal sensitivity analysis of mediator-outcome confounding was not possible in the multiple mediator model, and this analysis supported the hypothesis that socioeconomic status effects on adolescent substance abuse are fully mediated by family socialization practices, with apparently stronger effects in younger age groups observed in plots.Conclusion: We found that the effect of socioeconomic status on adolescent substance abuse was fully mediated by family socialization practices. While our analysis provides more rigorous support for causal inferences than past work, we could not completely rule out the possibility of unmeasured confounding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I explore options for a plenitudinarian solution to the Paradox of Flexible Origin Essentialism, taking as my unlikely starting point the views of Sarah-Jane Leslie, who holds that if plenitudinarianism is true, then there is in fact no paradox to be solved, only the illusion of one. The first three sections are expository: Sect. 1 on plenitudinarianism, Sect. 2 on the paradox, and Sect. 3 on Leslie's views about how plenitudinarianism bears on the paradox. In Sect. 4, I reject the contention that there is no paradox and critically explore three options for a plenitudinarian solution. In Sect. 5, I argue that the plenitudinarian ought to endorse a fourth option. In Sect. 6, I consider an objection. I endorse neither plenitudinarianism nor its denial; the main aim of the paper is to argue that for one who does endorse plenitudinarianism, the best solution to the Paradox of Flexible Origin Essentialism is clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with persistent inflammation, which contributes to disease progression. Platelet-T cell aggregates play a critical role in maintaining inflammation. However, the phenotypic characteristics and clinical significance of platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates remain unclear in different HIV-infected populations. In this study, we quantified and characterized platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates in the peripheral blood of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals (TNs), immunological responders to antiretroviral therapy (IRs), immunological non-responders to antiretroviral therapy (INRs), and healthy controls (HCs). Flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy showed increased platelet-CD4 + T cell aggregate formation in TNs compared to HCs during HIV-1 infection. However, the frequencies of platelet-CD4 + T cell aggregates decreased in IRs compared to TNs, but not in INRs, which have shown severe immunological dysfunction. Platelet-CD4 + T cell aggregate frequencies were positively correlated with HIV-1 viral load but negatively correlated with CD4 + T cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios. Furthermore, we observed a higher expression of CD45RO, HIV co-receptors, HIV activation/exhaustion markers in platelet-CD4 + T cell aggregates, which was associated with HIV-1 permissiveness. High levels of caspase-1 and caspase-3, and low levels of Bcl-2 in platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates imply the potential role in CD4+ T cell loss during HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, platelet-CD4 + T cell aggregates contained more HIV-1 gag viral protein and HIV-1 DNA than their platelet-free CD4 + T cell counterparts. The platelet-CD4 + T cell aggregate levels were positively correlated with plasma sCD163 and sCD14 levels. Our findings demonstrate that platelet-CD4 + T cell aggregate formation has typical characteristics of HIV-1 permissiveness and is related to immune activation during HIV-1 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the term and concept of licentia in the Latin Republican corpus, focusing on Cicero's political theory. Its first part is a philological analysis of the term. It concludes that in the first century BCE licentia had three core meanings: permission, permission to do wrong, and permissiveness. The second part is a study of the concept licentia in Cicero's rhetoric and political theory. It shows Cicero's awareness of the effect of permissions unduly given and permissiveness on the force of social standards at Rome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Internet addiction has become a major problem worldwide, especially for adolescents. Adolescents are considered vulnerable and at risk of internet addiction due to the immature self-control, easy access, and flexible schedule. Parenting style has a significant influence on the incidence of internet addiction in adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between paternal and maternal parenting style toward internet addiction level of adolescents at one of junior high Schools in Surabaya, Indonesia. Method: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 114 adolescents (44 boys and 70 girls) aged ranging from 12 to 15 in a junior high school in Surabaya, Indonesia, were recruited by stratified random sampling method in November 2019. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) were used to measure internet addiction level, and maternal and paternal parenting style of adolescents. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 to adjust the relationship between paternal and maternal parenting style toward internet addiction level of adolescents. Results: a total of 77.2% of adolescents were internet addicts and the majority experienced 'mild' internet addiction level (52.60%). Furthermore, the Pearson correlation results indicated that paternal permissive and authoritarian parenting styles were positively correlated with internet addiction level of adolescents. The multiple regression analysis results indicated that paternal permissive parenting style significantly predicted adolescents' internet addiction level. Conclusion: This study highlighted the significant role of paternal permissive and authoritarian parenting styles among adolescents' internet addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol consumption is considered a growing public health problem, contributing significantly to the global burden of disease. Objective: To analyze the relationship of social permissiveness, spirituality, and the intake of alcoholic beverages in adolescents. A descriptive correlational study was carried out in 213 adolescents of a public institution of basic education in Ciudad del Carmen Campeche. For the collection of information, the Social Permittance scale and the Spirituality Scale were used, the capture and analysis was performed in the SPSS V 21 statistical program through descriptive and inferential statistics. As a result, we have that adolescents consider that their friends think it is wrong to get drunk (80.8%) and get high (79.3%), but also 62% said they have a family member who drinks until they get drunk. Regarding spirituality, 79.3% consider that if they have faith in a power greater than the same, 70.5% believe that there is a spiritual force that can help them with their problems and 54% consider that meditating or praying helps them a lot. A positive and significant relationship of social permissiveness and alcohol consumption (rs = .194, p = .007) and a negative relationship of spirituality and alcoholic beverage intake (rs = -. 190, p =. 009). These findings highlight the influence of certain variables that should be considered for the design and implementation of nursing interventions and reduce the biological, psychological, and social damage in the short, medium, and long term.

Chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with persistent inflammation, which contributes to disease progression. Platelet-T cell aggregates play a critical role in maintaining inflammation. However, the phenotypic characteristics and clinical significance of platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates remain unclear in different HIV-infected populations. In this study, we quantified and characterized platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates in the peripheral blood of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals (TNs), immunological responders to antiretroviral therapy (IRs), immunological non-responders to antiretroviral therapy (INRs), and healthy controls (HCs). Flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy showed increased platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate formation in TNs compared to HCs during HIV-1 infection. However, the frequencies of platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates decreased in IRs compared to TNs, but not in INRs, which have shown severe immunological dysfunction. Platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate frequencies were positively correlated with HIV-1 viral load but negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios. Furthermore, we observed a higher expression of CD45RO, HIV co-receptors, HIV activation/exhaustion markers in platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates, which was associated with HIV-1 permissiveness. High levels of caspase-1 and caspase-3, and low levels of Bcl-2 in platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates imply the potential role in CD4+ T cell loss during HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates contained more HIV-1 gag viral protein and HIV-1 DNA than their platelet-free CD4+ T cell counterparts. The platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate levels were positively correlated with plasma sCD163 and sCD14 levels. Our findings demonstrate that platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate formation has typical characteristics of HIV-1 permissiveness and is related to immune activation during HIV-1 infection.

This research was conducted to find the correlation between permissive, authoritative, authoritarian parenting styles with smartphone addiction. This study involved 225 students of one private university in Jakarta from various faculties (67 male and 158 female) selected based on a non-probability sampling method - convenience sampling. The measuring instruments used in this study were the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) developed by Kwon et al. (2013) and the Parenting Style scale developed by Baumrind (1971), and the personal information form used to collect sample personal data. The quantitative analysis of the research was carried out using the Pearson product-moment test, Spearman correlation’s test, descriptive test, t-test, and ANOVA test of difference. This study's results were there is a significant correlation of 0.320 between permissive parenting style and smartphone addiction, also there is a significant correlation of 0.300 between authoritarian parenting and smartphone addiction. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between authoritative parenting and smartphone addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cell line NISES-AnPe-428 (AnPe), derived from the Chinese oak silkworm Antheraea pernyi, was characterized for its permissiveness and productivity for six different nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) species. These NPVs included homologous Antheraea pernyi NPV (AnpeNPV) and heterologous Autographa californica multiple NPV (AcMNPV), Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV), Hyphantria cunea MNPV (HycuMNPV), Spodoptera exigua MNPV (SeMNPV), and Lymantria dispar MNPV (LdMNPV), representing viruses that had been isolated from insect species belonging to five different families (Saturniidae, Noctuidae, Bombycidae, Arctiidae, and Lymantriidae). We found that AnPe cells supported productive replication of AnpeNPV, AcMNPV, BmNPV, HycuMNPV, and SeMNPV to varying degrees. Upon infection with SeMNPV, a subset of AnPe cell population in the culture underwent apoptosis, while remaining cells produced limited amounts of progeny virions and polyhedra. AnPe cells were refractory to LdMNPV infection and failed to support replication of viral DNA, indicating that viral replication was restricted at or prior to the step of viral DNA replication. These results indicated that AnPe cells have the potential to provide excellent systems for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular permissiveness for NPV replication and host-range determination of NPVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze male relationships in ancient Rome through the study of the works of three important Latin poets, Catulo, Martial and Juvenal. After pointing out the useless nature of the legislation in this regard, we verify that the masculine relations of the Romans, although mostly through slaves, tended to be frequent in Rome, and proof of this is the monopoly of homoerotism in the representative poetry of period. Instead, moral censorship remained constant, but not to the point of allowing effective legal reproof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Utopophobia Estlund offers a prominent version of a conditional account of feasibility. I think the account is too permissive. I defend an alternative incentives account of feasibility (of action). The incentives account preserves the spirit of the conditional account but qualifies fewer actions as feasible. Simplified, the account holds that an action is feasible if there is an incentive such that, given the incentive, the agent is likely to perform the action successfully. If we accept that ought implies feasible, then we should reject some normative requirements on agents that Estlund would accept in light of his more permissive conditional account. But we can still recognise normative requirements on individual and collective agents that, if complied with, would result in a world that is radically better than our own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Seminare Learned Investigations / Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe is the property of Francis de Sales Scientific Society / Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Red wines constitute a major production in Bordeaux vineyards but to ensure the quality of these wines, winemakers should limit the development of the spoilage yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Therefore, the growth of five representative strains of B. bruxellensis in 53 sulphite-free Bordeaux red wines was examined and differences between them were found regarding the ability to support the yeast growth. Thanks to a notation method and unsupervised classification analysis, we classified the wines according to their "permissiveness". The key factors modulating the permissiveness score were the wine ethanol content, the yeast strain and the wine itself (domain, vintage or batch). The pH had little effect. The wine composition analysis (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) analysis of 43 compounds) did not enable to find the molecules responsible for the wine permissiveness. • Bordeaux wines display heterogeneous tolerance towards B. bruxellensis. • A scoring of wine permissiveness is proposed and evaluated. • The effect of five wine-related factors on the permissiveness is examined. • Alcohol has a more direct impact than pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginger Schultheis offers a novel and interesting argument against epistemic permissivism. While we think that her argument is ultimately uncompelling, we think its faults are instructive. We explore the relationship between epistemic permissivism, Margin-for-Error principles, and an epistemological version of Dominance reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the “cult of the child” highlights a radical change in child representation. Having been neglected and even disrespected for centuries, children are now valued, and their interests are placed above all others. This change in views of children, reflected in changes in laws, institutions and practices, has also spread to two pillars of our democratic societies, the family and the school, with a number of consequences for parents, teachers and children. The purpose of this article is to (1) describe the changes in thinking that have led to the cult of the child, (2) examine their consequences for children and parents, (3) examine their consequences for students and teachers, and (4) reflect on how to preserve the benefits of these changes while limiting the negative consequences.

This article develops the concepts of regulatory legal strategy, a resource‐based view of government agencies, and regulatory entrepreneurship. These ideas are explored through a case study of the limited (if any) access that legal cannabis‐related businesses have to the banking system due to the clash between federal law and laws in those states that have legalized some uses of cannabis. This article argues that regulators' entrepreneurial regulatory legal strategies can have a material impact on regulated entities and give them a competitive advantage. To demonstrate, this article claims that regulators' adoption of permissive regulatory legal strategies has facilitated access of some cannabis‐related businesses to the banking system. Conversely, if regulators adopted obstructive regulatory strategies, this would act as a constraint on such access in the future, even if Congress resolves the federalism issue largely responsible for the current limitations these businesses face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A considerable literature has grown up around the claim of Uniqueness, according to which evidence rationally determines belief. It is opposed to Permissivism, according to which evidence underdetermines belief. This paper highlights an overlooked third possibility, according to which there is no rational doxastic attitude. I call this 'Nihilism'. I argue that adherents of the other two positions ought to reject it but that it might, nevertheless, obtain at least sometimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is epistemic inconsistency a mere symptom of having violated other requirements of rationality—notably, reasons-responsiveness requirements? Or is inconsistency irrational on its own? This question has important implications for the debate on the normativity of epistemic rationality. In this paper, I defend a new account of the explanatory role of the requirement of epistemic consistency. Roughly, I will argue that, in cases where an epistemically rational agent is permitted to believe P and also permitted to disbelieve P (relative to a body of epistemic reasons), the consistency requirement plays a distinct explanatory role. I will also argue that such a type of permissiveness is a live possibility when it comes to rational epistemic standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective: We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result: We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol consumption is considered a growing public health problem, contributing significantly to the global burden of disease. Objective: To analyze the relationship of social permissiveness, spirituality, and the intake of alcoholic beverages in adolescents. A descriptive correlational study was carried out in 213 adolescents of a public institution of basic education in Ciudad del Carmen Campeche. For the collection of information, the Social Permittance scale and the Spirituality Scale were used, the capture and analysis was performed in the SPSS V 21 statistical program through descriptive and inferential statistics. As a result, we have that adolescents consider that their friends think it is wrong to get drunk (80.8%) and get high (79.3%), but also 62% said they have a family member who drinks until they get drunk. Regarding spirituality, 79.3% consider that if they have faith in a power greater than the same, 70.5% believe that there is a spiritual force that can help them with their problems and 54% consider that meditating or praying helps them a lot. A positive and significant relationship of social permissiveness and alcohol consumption (rs = .194, p = .007) and a negative relationship of spirituality and alcoholic beverage intake (rs = -. 190, p =. 009). These findings highlight the influence of certain variables that should be considered for the design and implementation of nursing interventions and reduce the biological, psychological, and social damage in the short, medium, and long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple investigations sought to analyze the relationship between parenting styles and eating disorders without even conclusive results. In this line, this research sought to explore the incidence of perceived parental styles in the levels of body dissatisfaction of adolescents with Eating Disorders (eating disorders). A questionnaire of sociodemographic and personal data, the Inventory of Eating Disorders-3 (EDI-3), with linguistic and conceptual adaptation was administered to 25 adolescents, 80% women and 20% men between 12 and 21 years with a diagnosis of eating disorders. Rutsztein, Maglio, Laura, Armatta, Leonardelli, López, Moiseeff, Murawski, Redondo & Marola, 2006) and the Children's Report of Parental Behavior (CRPB, Schaefer, 1965). The results were expected to find that the parental style most frequently perceived by patients with eating disorders is the authoritarian. Taking into account the three dimensions that the scale evaluates, it can be thought that the result throws a style closer to the permissive than to the authoritarian since the score of the scale indicates that there is greater Acceptance and Extreme Autonomy than Pathological Control, understanding the permissive style It is characterized by little control and they have little maturity requirement, but they generate a high level of communication and affection. What predominates is letting go and acceptance of behavior. Among the findings, the association of a permissive parental style with eating disorders and the possible difficulties that this may cause when providing the therapeutic approach is postulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Amnesty for Constructed Reality, 1978, is the synthesis of the action taken by Haus-Rucker-Co. Laurids Ortner recovered the ideas of New Objectivity to defend the entire existing urban landscape: “The debate about our built environment has become primarily a problem of aesthetic judgment. They are criteria for visual perception which concern us much more than the actual physical risk factors. What is usually seen as our environment is characterized by adjectives that, according to their level of sophistication, ranging from emotionally charged words like ugly, sad and chaotic the so-called objective terms as inaccessible and monotonous.” Haus-Rucker-Co Manifesto continues a key line of thought in both artistic and architectural practice during the middle decades of the 20th century: “a profoundly liberating attitude that allowed finding value in places and objects usually judged as ugly by architects.” These words by Scott Brown justify movements often considered opposites. From “industrial” early Modern to “commercial” postmodern, the invocation of objectivity and suppression of judgment have served as major theoretical arguments. If, during the 1920s the principles of the Neue Sachlichkeit served as the basis for a reaction against German Expressionism, the recovery by Alison and Peter Smithson in England in the fifties would be used by Venturi and Scott Brown as a starting point for his theories of non-prosecution. As critics denounced (Lootsma, Koetter, Frampton ...) the problem of this “permissive” attitude –if we use the term introduced by Scott Brown as a principle– lies in the danger of falling into resignation. This uncritical attitude, wrapped in values of respect, eliminates the socio-political consciousness of the architect and risks falling into the immediacy of understanding the amnestied object directly as a model.

I argue that 'classical liberalism' does not sanction any easy permissiveness about suicide and active euthanasia. I will use liberal arguments to argue that the distinction between active and passive euthanasia is real and that assisted suicide is, at the very least, deeply troubling when viewed from an authentic liberal perspective. The usual argument for active euthanasia is a utilitarian, not a liberal argument, as recent calls to eliminate the conscientious objection rights of doctors who refuse participation in such procedures plainly demonstrate. The paper focuses on arguments in the public sphere (such as those articulated by James Rachels). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food parenting practices (FPPs) have an important role in shaping children’s dietary behaviors. This study aimed to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations over a two-year follow-up between FPP and dietary intake and compliance with current recommendations in 6- to 11-year-old European children. A total of 2967 parent-child dyads from the Feel4Diabetes study, a randomized controlled trial of a school and community-based intervention, (50.4% girls and 93.5% mothers) were included. FPPs assessed were: (1) home food availability; (2) parental role modeling of fruit intake; (3) permissiveness; (4) using food as a reward. Children’s dietary intake was assessed through a parent-reported food frequency questionnaire. In regression analyses, the strongest cross-sectional associations were observed between home availability of 100% fruit juice and corresponding intake (β = 0.492 in girls and β = 0.506 in boys, p < 0.001), and between parental role modeling of fruit intake and children’s fruit intake (β = 0.431 in girls and β = 0.448 in boys, p < 0.001). In multilevel logistic regression models, results indicated that improvements in positive FPPs over time were mainly associated with higher odds of compliance with healthy food recommendations, whereas a decrease in negative FPP over time was associated with higher odds of complying with energy-dense/nutrient-poor food recommendations. Improving FPPs could be an effective way to improve children’s dietary intake.

Abstract Background Two lineages of Zika virus (ZIKV) have been classified according to the phylogenetic analysis: African and Asian lineages. It is unclear whether differences exist between the two strains in host cell permissiveness, this information is important for understanding viral pathogenesis and designing anti-viral strategies. Methods In the present study, we comparatively studied the permissive spectrum of human cells for both the African (MR766) and Asian strains (PRVABC59) using an RNA in situ hybridization (RISH) to visualize RNA replication, an immunofluorescence technology, and a western blot assay to determine viral protein production, and a real-time RT-PCR to examine viral RNA multiplication level. The experiments were undertaken in the condition of cell culture. Results We identified several human cell lines, including fibroblast, epithelial cells, brain cells, stem cells, and blood cells that are susceptible for the infection of both Asian and African strains. We did not find any differences between the MR766 and the PRVABC59 in the permissiveness, infection rate, and replication modes. Inconsistent to a previous report (Hamel et al. JVI 89:8880–8896, 2015), using RISH or real-time RT-PCR, we found that human foreskin fibroblast cells were not permissive for ZIKV infection. Instead, human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) were fully permissive for ZIKV infection. Surprisingly, a direct interaction of ZIKV RNA with envelop (E) protein (a structure protein) was demonstrated by an RNA chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Three binding sites were identified in the ZIKV RNA genome for the interaction with the E protein. Conclusion Our results imply that the E protein may be important for viral RNA replication, and provide not only the information of ZIKV permissiveness that guides the usage of human cells for the ZIKV studies, but also the insight into the viral RNA-E protein interaction that may be targeted for intervention by designing small molecule drugs.