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Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest Dr Stavert is a consultant for ConferMed, LLC, investigator for Science 37 Inc, and shareholder for Melatech, LLC.

Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest Dr Nelson received an unrelated grant from and served on an unrelated advisory board for Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr Cohen serves on a data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) for Advarra and has served as a consultant for Novartis. Dr Perkins is a member of the medical advisory board for Hims &Hers. Drs Hodelin, Pach, and Tomas Gracia have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Competing Interests: None disclosed.

Given the lack of formal dermatology education in medical schools, dermatology principles covered in board exam preparatory resources remain the only standardized concepts that all medical students across the USA universally learn. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the dermatology topics represented in UWorld and AMBOSS Step 1 and Step 2CK question banks. Our study found that 49% of the 655 questions on dermatology assessed the top 10 most prevalent skin diseases encountered in clinical practice with a variety of rare conditions also tested. Step 2CK question banks had a higher proportion of questions that assessed management of dermatological conditions. Furthermore, there was a large variability in the proportion of questions that included images of the condition. This study highlights the need and opportunity for standardization of dermatology teaching in medical school curricula to optimally prepare graduating physicians for future practice., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Association of Dermatologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Though melanocytic nevi are ubiquitous in the general population, they can also be key cutaneous manifestations of genetic syndromes. We describe genodermatoses associated with melanocytic nevi and discuss their clinical characteristics, cutaneous manifestations, underlying genetics, and, if applicable, guidelines for when genetic testing should be performed. We categorized these genodermatoses based on their association with congenital nevi, acquired nevi, or nevi whose first appearance is unknown. In many cases, the distinctive morphology or distribution of melanocytic nevi can be an important clue that an underlying genetic syndrome is present, allowing both the patient as well as family members to be screened for the more serious complications of their genetic disorder and receive education on potential preventative measures. As we continue to advance our understanding of how various genotypes give rise to the wide spectrum of phenotypes observed in these genodermatoses, we shall be able to better stratify risk and tailor our screening methods to clinically manage the heterogeneous manifestations of genodermatoses among these patients., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Ulcerated melanomas may have a unique biology and microenvironment. We test whether markers of immune infiltration correlate with clinical outcome in ulcerated compared to non-ulcerated primary melanoma tumors., Methods: Sixty-two stage II-III cutaneous melanomas, 32 ulcerated and 30 non-ulcerated, were analyzed for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for CD2, a marker previously shown to correlate with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in this patient population. IHC using antibody, VE1, to BRAF V600E was also performed on a subset of 41 tumors to assess the relationship of BRAF mutation to immune markers., Results: We found, using Cox regression models, that the presence of TILs was associated with improved OS (p = 0.034) and RFS (p = 0.002) in ulcerated melanoma tumors, but not in non-ulcerated melanoma (p = 0.632, 0.416). CD2 expression also was correlated with improved OS (p = 0.021) and RFS (p = 0.001) in ulcerated melanoma, but no relationship was seen in non-ulcerated melanoma (p = 0.427, 0.682). In this small population, BRAF status did not correlate with TILs or CD2+ count., Conclusion: Our data show that immune markers including TILs and CD2 count correlate more closely with survival in ulcerated melanomas than that in non-ulcerated melanomas. We propose that immune biomarkers may be particularly relevant to ulcerated, as compared to non-ulcerated, melanomas and that this merits study in larger populations.

Recognizing current trends and obstacles in melanoma clinical trial development is critical to future progress in this field. This article examines the melanoma research enterprise to identify changing trends and potential barriers to success. All trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov after September 2005 were evaluated for possible inclusion. A total of 777 interventional trials designed specifically for cutaneous melanoma patients were included. Geographic trial distribution as well as disease state and type of intervention were analyzed and compared among each group. ClinicalTrials.gov is an invaluable tool to study the research enterprise. Further studies are needed on prevention and early detection of melanoma in the curative setting, a critical role for dermatologists.

The literature on the relationship of panic disorder to alcoholism is reviewed. Four cases of panic disorder are presented, illustrating instances in which the diagnosis of panic disorder was delayed or obscured by alcoholism. Professionals in alcoholism treatment should therefore be better able to recognize panic disorder. Also, since tricyclic antidepressants are very effective in the treatment of panic disorder, the opposition in the alcoholism field to the use of any medication is criticized.