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Abstract The critical aspects of biosafety, biosecurity, and biocontainment have been in the spotlight in recent years. There have also been increased international efforts to improve awareness of modern practices and concerns with regard to the safe pursuit of life sciences research, and to optimize current oversight frameworks, thereby resulting in decreased risk of terrorist/malevolent acquisition of deadly pathogens or accidental release of a biological agent, and increased safety of laboratory workers. Our purpose is to highlight how the World Health Organization’s (WHO) revised International Health Regulations (IHR[2005]), the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), and the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1540 overlap in their requirements with regard to biosafety and biosecurity in order to improve the understanding of practitioners and policymakers and maximize the use of national resources employed to comply with internationally-mandated requirements. The broad range of goals of these international instruments, which are linked by the common thread of biosafety and biosecurity, highlight their significance as essential pillars of international health security and cross-cutting elements of biological nonproliferation. The current efforts of the Republic of Georgia to enhance biosafety and biosecurity in accordance with these international instruments are summarized.

The potential acquisition and use of chemical, biological, and radiological/nuclear (CBRN) materials and weapons of mass destruction by terrorists and other non-state actors pose a significant threat to international peace and security and to militaries worldwide. NATO's Strategic Concept emphasized that "the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and their means of delivery, threatens incalculable consequences for global stability and prosperity. During the next decade, proliferation will be most acute in some of the most volatile regions". Military forces actively prepare to defeat an adversary threatening to use WMDs and mitigate the consequences of a CBRN WMD attack. Also, the military has a significant role to play in implementing the United Nations Security Council resolution 1540 (2004) in order to prevent and dissuade the proliferation of WMDs, related materials and associated expertise and technology by non-State actors. The military forces of many countries are executing interdiction operations designed to stop the proliferation of WMDs, delivery systems, associated and dual-use technologies, materials, and expertise from transiting between States of concern and between State and non-State actors, whether in a lead role or in support of civilian authorities. This article provides a primer on the United Nations Security Council resolution 1540 (2004) from the military perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Connecticut court case State v. Boyd, which dealt with search and seizure laws under state constitutional law. Topics include the admissibility of evidence obtained in an outside jurisdiction, the circumvention of Connecticut Constitution, and motions to suppress evidence.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue concerning the discovery of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by Kary Mullis which had triggered an unprecedented race for more specific, rapid and highly sensitive diagnosis methods in clinical laboratory.

Introduction: Managing biological risks requires an organizational culture that holistically ensures the biosafety, biosecurity, and biocontainment of infectious disease agents and toxins, in addition to conducting science in a responsible manner, complying with relevant laws, regulations, guidelines, and policies, as well as emphasizing norms, values, and beliefs of the entire life sciences profession., Methods: Drawing upon the Federal Experts Security Advisory Panel's (FESAP's) 2014 recommendation to "strengthen a culture that emphasizes biosafety, laboratory biosecurity, and responsible conduct in the life sciences," we undertook a comprehensive literature review of the culture of biosafety, biosecurity, and responsible conduct in the life sciences, including metrics by which to evaluate interventions at the organizational level., Results: We identified 4031 unique citations published from January 2001 to January 2017 by searching the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Global Health databases. In addition, a subset of 326 articles was reviewed in full., Discussion: We found that while there were discussions in the literature about specific elements of culture (management systems, leadership and/or personnel behavior, beliefs and attitudes, or principles for guiding decisions and behaviors), there was a general lack of integration of these concepts, as well as limited information about specific indicators or metrics and the effectiveness of training or similar interventions., Conclusion: We concluded that life scientists seeking to foster a culture of biosafety and biosecurity should learn from the substantial literature in analogous areas such as nuclear safety and security culture, high-reliability organizations, and the responsible conduct of research, among others., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© ABSA International 2018.)