Search

Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is a complex problem that complicates the barley selection and breeding process. The knowledge of the relationship between cereal phenology and climatic data is important for understanding GEI and the physiological pathways responsible for the interaction effect. The grain yield of twenty winter barley genotypes in six environments was observed. Factors influencing the variability were analyzed using a linear mixed model. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was applied to determine the most relevant environmental variables in certain stages of development that explained GEI effects. Biplot with environmental variables explained 43.7% of the GEI. The barley was generally the most sensitive to the environmental conditions (relative humidity, maximum temperature and its variation, sun hours, and precipitation) during the anthesis and filling stage (May) which caused GEI. Temperature variables did not show significance only in the vegetative phase. Different genotypes responded differently to environmental factors. Genotypes NS-525, NS-589, and J-103 were highlighted as widely adaptable, and Zajeˇcar was a suitable and reliable location for yield testing. The GEI information presented in this paper can be useful in traditional plant breeding and future breeding programs through molecular research of crop developmental genes and examination of physiological processes in two-row barley.

Two-year research was carried out in 2014 and 2015 on the territory of the municipality of Leskovac, on alluvium land type. In the experiment, 6 maize hybrids of different vegetation lengths 400-600 were sown (ZP 434, NS 4023, ZP 555, NS 5051, ZP 666, NS 6030). The hybrid NS 6030 (10.248 t ha-1) had the highest average yield in 2014, while the hybrid FAO group 400 NS 4023 (9.467 t ha-1) had the lowest. The highest average yield in the year 2015, unfavorable for corn production, was achieved by the hybrid FAO group 400 ZP 434 (6.938 t ha-1) and the smallest yield by hybrid FAO group 600 NS 6030 (4.980 t ha-1). In 2015, being that the average temperatures were warmer than in 2014, and it had fewer amounts and worse distribution of precipitation, late sowing had a very bad effect on all hybrids, especially on FAO 600 hybrids.

Bread wheat is one of the most represented field crops whose level and stability of yield is very important for the food security in Republic Serbia. In the paper was investigated stability of yield expression of 15 winter bread wheat genotypes in different agroecological conditions of Serbia, using the Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and GGE-biplot method of analysis. Aim of investigation was to determine which of applied analysis is superior in identification of the most desirable genotypes for cultivation in given environments. Analysis of variance showed that genotype and genotype-environment (G×E) interaction represent highly significant sources of variability in expression of grain yield. AMMI and GGE analyses were point out similar results and an indisputable conclusion is that multienvironment trials, besides routine usage of analysis of variance, must be analized with one of this two models, which combine analysis of variance and PCA analysis. AMMI analysis is simpler for interpretation and closer to the concept of view of the agronomical trial, while GGE analysis is more complex and gives more precise interpretation of “which-won-where“, i.e. for defining of narrowly adapted genotypes in given environments. Thus, G11 as the genotype with highest average yield is narrow adapted to the environment Sombor and can be recommended, as well as in the environment 2 (Kruševac), while genotypes with modest requests (G2) rather can be recommended for cultivation in the environment 1 (Kragujevac), which is characterized by less fertile soil and a smaller amount and uneven distribution of precipitation., Hlebna pšenica je jedna od najzastupljenijih ratarskih vrsta, čiji je nivo i stabilnost prinosa veoma važan za prehrambenu sigurnost Republike Srbije. U radu je ispitivana stabilnost ekspresije prinosa zrna 15 genotipova ozime hlebne pšenice u različitim agroekološkim uslovima Srbije, korišćenjem AMMI modela i GGE-biplot analize. Cilj je bio da se utvrdi koja od primenjenih analiza je superiornija u identifikaciji najpoželjnijih genotipova za gajenje u datim sredinama. Analiza varijanse je pokazala da genotip i interakcija genotip-sredina (G×E) predstavljaju veoma značajan izvor varijabilnosti pri ekspresiji prinosa zrna. AMMI i GGE analize su dale slične rezultate, pa je nesporan zaključak da je neophodno višelokacijske oglede, pored analizom varijanse koja se najćešće rutinski koristi, analizirati i jednim od ova dva modela, koji kombinuju analizu varijanse i PCA analizu. AMMI analiza je jednostavnija za interpretaciju i bliža je agronomskom konceptu poimanja ogleda, dok je GGE analiza kompleksnija i jasnija za interpretaciju gde ko pobeđuje, odnosno za definisanje usko prilagođenih genotipova datim sredinama. Tako G11, kao genotip sa najvećim prosečnim prinosom je usko prilagođen lokaciji Sombor, pa se prevashodno može preporučiti toj lokaciji ali i lokaciji 2 (Kruševac), dok se genotipovi skromnijih zahteva (G2) pre mogu preporučiti za gajenje u lokaciji 1 (Kragujevac), koja se odlikuje lošijim zemljištem i manjom količinom i lošijim rasporedom padavina.

U proizvodnji atestiranih količina semena strnih žita u Republici Srbiji primetno je da se koriste veće proizvodne površine u Vojvodini u tu svrhu, kao i dominantan položaj stranih sorti kod pšenice i ječma, dok je kod tritikalea i ovsa obrnut slučaj., Within production of certified seed of small grains in Republic of Serbia it is obvious usage of larger production areas in Vojvodina for this purpose, as well as dominant position of foreign cultivars of wheat and barley while in triticale and oats is vice-versa.

Poljski ogled sa sortama pšenice Takovčanka, Kruna i Aleksandra postavljen je na zemljištu tipa smonica tokom dve vegetacione sezone. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod tri kragujevačke sorte pšenice analizira prinos, masa 1000 zrna i hektolitarska masa. Najveće vrednosti ispitivanih osobina ustanovljene su u vegetacionoj 2019/20. godini. Najveći prinos zrna tokom dvogodišnjeg istraživanja ustanovljen je kod sorte Kruna. Sorta Takovčanka odlikovala se najvećom masom 1000 zrna. Najveće vrednosti hektolitarske mase ustanovljene su kod sorte Aleksandra, u obe ispitivane godine. Analizom varijanse ustanovljen je visoko značajan uticaj interakcije agroklimatskih uslova na prinos, masu 1000 zrna i hektolitarsku masu i značajan uticaj genotipa na hektolitarsku masu kod ispitivanih sorti ozime pšenice., The field experiment with the wheat varieties Takovčanka, Kruna and Aleksandra was set up on the smonitza-type soil during the two growing seasons. The aim of the research was to analyse the yield, weight of 1000 grains and hectolitre weight of three Kragujevac wheat varieties. The highest values of the observed properties were established in the 2019/20 vegetation year. Variety Kruna had the highest grain yield during the twoyear study. The Takovčanka variety was characterized by the highest weight of 1000 grains. The highest values of hectolitre weight were found in the Aleksandra variety in both study years. The analysis of variance established a highly significant influence of agro climatic conditions on the yield, weight of 1000 grains and the hectolitre weight and significant influence of genotype on the hectolitre weight of the tested varieties of winter wheat.

Poljski ogled sa sortama pšenice Takovčanka, Kruna i Aleksandrapostavljen je na zemljištu tipa smonica tokom dve vegetacione sezone.Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod tri kragujevačke sorte pšenice analiziraprinos, masa 1000 zrna i hektolitarska masa. Najveće vrednostiispitivanih osobina ustanovljene su u vegetacionoj 2019/20. godini.Najveći prinos zrna tokom dvogodišnjeg istraživanja ustanovljen je kodsorte Kruna. Sorta Takovčanka odlikovala se najvećom masom 1000zrna. Najveće vrednosti hektolitarske mase ustanovljene su kod sorteAleksandra, u obe ispitivane godine. Analizom varijanse ustanovljen jevisoko značajan uticaj interakcije agroklimatskih uslova na prinos, masu1000 zrna i hektolitarsku masu i značajan uticaj genotipa na hektolitarskumasu kod ispitivanih sorti ozime pšenice., The field experiment with the wheat varieties Takovčanka, Kruna andAleksandra was set up on the smonitza-type soil during the two growing seasons. The aim of the research was to analyse the yield, weight of 1000grains and hectolitre weight of three Kragujevac wheat varieties. Thehighest values of the observed properties were established in the 2019/20vegetation year. Variety Kruna had the highest grain yield during the twoyearstudy. The Takovčanka variety was characterized by the highestweight of 1000 grains. The highest values of hectolitre weight were foundin the Aleksandra variety in both study years. The analysis of varianceestablished a highly significant influence of agro climatic conditions on theyield, weight of 1000 grains and the hectolitre weight and significantinfluence of genotype on the hectolitre weight of the tested varieties ofwinter wheat.

This research was conducted with some spike traits of twenty winter six-row barley genotypes in six environments. The aim of this study was to determine the significance and take advantage useful genotype by environment interacton (GEI) by applying AMMI-1 model. High statistical significance GEI was determined. Wide adaptability genotypes were J-29, J-33, J-9 and J-21 for spike length (SL) as Grand and Ozren for grain number per spike (GNS). The winner genotypes in all environments were Ozren and Grand for SL as Ozren for GNS. All the examined environments can be considered as one megaenvironment, which indicates that unpredictable interactions dominate in this research.

Interakcija genotipa i spoljašnje sredine (GEI) je kompleksan problem koji komplikuje proces selekcije i oplemenjivanja ratarskih kultura te je stoga važno utvrditi njenu značajnost i iskoristiti njene pozitivne karakteristike. U radu je analiziran prinos zrna dvadeset genotipova ozimog dvoredog ječma u šest spoljašnjih sredina (dve vegetacione sezone na tri lokaliteta). Za analizu interakcije korišćen je linearni mešoviti model i model glavnih efekata i višestruke interakcije (AMMI) sa AMMI1 biplot prikazom. Utvrđena je visoka statistička značajnost interakcije dok je AMMI1 model objasnio 40.1% varijacije interakcije. Stabilnost genotipova određena je parametrima stabilnosti AMMI modela (AMMI1, AMMI2 i ASV) i utvrđena je značajna korelacija rangova genotipova između njih. Prinos nije pokazao značajnu korelaciju ni sa jednim parametrom. Na osnovu Genotip Selekcionog Indeksa (GSI), genotipovi J-82, J-103, NS-589 i J-176 su izdvojeni kao široko adaptabilni i superiorni u pogledu prinosa i stabilnosti što je potvrđeno i biplot prikazom. Genotipovi koji su na osnovu AMMI1 procenjenih vrednosti prinosa preporučeni za svaki od lokaliteta su najprinosniji NS-525, NS-593, J-176, NS-589, J-103 i J-82. Razlike u interakcijskom efektu između godina (Zemun Polje i Zaječar) kao i slab diskriminatorski efekat (Kragujevac) ne izdvajaju ni jedan lokalitet kao pogodnu test lokaciju. Winner pristupom, sve ispitivane sredine možemo smatrati kao jednu mega-sredinu što ukazuje da u ogledu dominiraju nepredvidive interakcije što specifične adaptacije čini manje značajnim. AMMI1 model je pouzdan i informativan u interpretaciji interakcije i ništa se značajno neće promeniti ako se druga interakcijska komponenta naknadno uključi. Izdvojene su neke inbred linije ječma što ovaj model čini pogodnim u selekciji perspektivnih genotipova., Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is a complex problem which complicates the selection and breeding process of field crops, and therefore it is important to determine the significance and take advantage of GEI. The paper analyzed the grain yield of twenty genotypes of winter two-row barley in six environments (two growing seasons in three localities). A linear mixed model and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model with AMMI1 biplot display were used for interaction analysis. High statistical significance GEI was determined and AMMI1 model was explain 47% of interaction. The stability of the genotypes was estimated by different AMMI stability parameters (AMMI1, AMMI2 and ASV) and a significant correlation was established between them. Grain yield and stability were not related. Genotypes J-82, J-103, NS-589 and J-176 were selected as superior and wide adaptability using Genotype Selection Index (GSI). They highlight as stable and high yielding which was agreement with results of biplot analysis. On based AMMI1 estimates of grain yield, the genotypes recommended in each of the localities were the most yielding NS-525, NS-593, J-176, NS-589, J-103and J-82. The difference in the interaction effect by year (Zemun Polje and Zaječar) and weak discriminating effect (Kragujevac) does not sepatare any suitable test location. By winner approach, all the examined environments can be considered as one mega-environment, which indicates that unpredictable interactions dominate in this research, due to which specific adaptations were not of high importance. AMMI1 model is reliable and informative in the interpretation of the GEI which indicates that essentially nothing happens when the second interaction axis is subsequently included. Some inbred lines of barley have stood out, which makes this model suitable for the selection of perspective genotypes.

Sprovedeno je dvogodišnje istraživanje sa pet genotipova tvrde pšenice sa ciljem da se sagleda njihov potencijal za prinos u različitim uslovima sredine. Ustanovljeno je da su jari genotipovi imali niže vrednosti komponenti prinosa zrna u odnosu na ozime. Suša prisutna u periodu cvetanja i nalivanja zrna je doprinela smanjenju vrednosti svih osobina, gde je najveće smanjenje zabeleženo kod mase zrna po klasu (31,8%). Takođe, faktor spoljašnje sredine je uticao i na korelacijske odnose, gde je utvrđeno da masa zrna po biljci ima pozitivne korelacije sa visinom biljke (0,74), brojem zrna po klasu (0,80) i masom zrna po klasu (0,88), dok je u neznačajnoj korelaciji sa dužinom klasa (0,35). Izdvojene su dve značajne PCA komponente koje objašnjavaju zajedno 88,5% varijacije. Jare sorte su izdvojene u posebne kvadrante biplota, dok su ozimi genotipovi pozicionirani u okviru vektora mase zrna po biljci, broja zrna po klasu i visine biljke, postigavši najveće vrednosti navedenih osobina., A two-year study was conducted with five durum wheat genotypes with the aim of assessing their yield potential in different environental conditions. It was found that the spring genotypes had lower values of grain yield components compared to the winter ones. The drought present during the flowering and grain filling contributed to a decrease in the value of all traits, where the largest decrease was recorded in the grain weight per spike (31.8%). Also, the factor of year influenced the pattern of correlation, where it was determined that the grain weight per plant had positive correlations with the plant height (0.74), the number of grains per spike (0.80) and the grains weight per spike (0.88), while it was insignificantly correlated with the spike lenght (0.35). Two significant PCA components were extracted, explaining together 88.5% of the variation. Spring varieties were stood out into separate quadrants of the biplot, while winter genotypes were positioned within the vector of grain weight per plant, number of grains per spike and plant height, achieving the highest values of the mentioned traits.

Centar za strna žita i razvoj sela Kragujevac predstavlja istraživačkorazvojnu ustanovu, čiji koreni datiraju od Poljoprivredne i hemijske ogledne stanice u Topčideru, prve naučne institucije formirane u Kraljevini Srbije. Tokom 75 godina samostalnog postojanja u Kragujevcu, u vidu Instituta, Zavoda ili Centra, brojni naučni radnici i ostali zaposleni dali su značajan doprinos razvoju poljoprivredne proizvodnje u Srbiji, u prvom redu strnih žita. Stvoreno je 95 sorti ozimih i jarih strnih žita i formirane su kolekcije genotipova svih vrsta strnih žita sa preko 4.000 uzoraka. Odbranjen je veliki broj magistarskih teza i doktorskih disertacija i objavljeno skoro 2000 radova. Očuvan je bibliotečki fond sa velikim brojem starih i vrednih knjiga iz oblasti poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Relizovan je veliki broj projekata u saradnji sa domaćim i inostranim institucijama., Centre for Small Grains and Rural Development in Kragujevac is a research and development institution, whose roots date back to the Agricultural and Chemical Experiment Station in Topčider, the first scientific institution formed in the Kingdom of Serbia. During the 75 years of independent existence in Kragujevac, in the form of an Institute or Center, numerous scientific workers and other employees made a significant contribution to the development of agricultural production in Serbia, primarily small grains. 95 varieties of winter and spring small grains were created and collections of genotypes of all types of small grains with over 4,000 samples were formed. A large number of master's theses and doctoral dissertations were created and almost 2000 papers were published. The library fund with a large number of old and valuable books in the field of agricultural production has been preserved. A large number of projects were realized in cooperation with domestic and foreign institutions.

U radu je prikazana uporedna efikasnost dva insekticida prirodnog porekla, Spinosada i Abamektina, koji nisu registrovani za uskladištenu zrnastu robu, ali su u širokoj upotrebi u organskoj proizvodnji. Efikasnost ovih insekticida ispitivana je na žitnom kukuljičaru Rhyzopertha dominica F., kao primarnoj štetočini koja može da infestira sve vrste uskladištenih strnih žita. Insekticidi Laser 240 SC i Abastate EC primenjeni su u količini 0,25, 0,5 i 1,0 g a.s. kg-1 žita (pšenica, raž, tritikale, ječam i ovas). Utvrđena je veća inicijalna efikasnost Spinosada, čijom primenom nije ustanovljen „efekat zrna“. Povećanjem doze primene i dužine ekspozicije povećava se efikasnost Abamektina i smanjuje razlika u efikasnosti između ispitivanih vrsta žita. Deset sedmica posle tretiranja Spinosadom i Abamektinom nije utvrđena pojava potomstva R. dominica. Iako imaju različite mehanizme delovanja, rezultati ukazuju na moguću upotrebu i Spinosada i Abamektina u zaštiti uskladištenog strnog žita., This paper analyzed the comparative effectiveness of two insecticides of natural origin, Spinosad and Abamectin, which are not registered for grain storage, but are widely used in organic production. The effectiveness of these insecticides was tested on the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica F. as a primary pest that can infest all types of small grains. The insecticides Laser 240 SC and Abastate EC were applied in the amount of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g a.s. kg-1 grain (wheat, rye, triticale, barley and oats). A greater initial efficiency of Spinosad was established, with the application of which no "grain effect" was recorded. Increasing the application dose and the length of exposure of R. dominica increases the effectiveness of Abamectin, and reduces the difference in the effectiveness to the tested types of grain. Ten weeks after exposure to Spinosad and Abamectin the research did not determine the presence of R. dominica offspring. Although they have different mechanisms of action, the results indicate the possible use of Spinosad and Abamectin in the protection of stored small grains.

Naučni skup “125 godina primenjene nauke u poljoprivredi Srbije” organizovan je sa željom da se širem auditorijumu ukaže na sve dobre stvari koje je domaća nauka dala na dar našem društvu do danas. Uticaji globalizacije, kako pozitivni tako i negativni, odavno su prisutni u svakodnevnom životu ali i nauci. Prihvatanje dobrih i odbacivanje loših strana ovog procesa treba da obezbedi dalji razvoj domaće nauke i održanje visokog nivoa ostvarenih rezultata naučno-istraživačkog rada. Pored toga, cilj održavanja skupa je upoznavanje šire naučne i stručne javnosti sa rezultatima najnovijih naučnih istraživanja iz oblasti primenjenih poljoprivrednih nauka, čiji je cilj proučavanje različitih faktora koji u velikoj meri određuju današnju poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. U Zborniku radova naučnog skupa “125 godina primenjene nauke u poljoprivredi Srbije” štampano je 20 radova, od kojih neki predstavljaju multidisciplinarna istraživanja iz oblasti biotehnologije. Osim sa naučnog, Zbornik će biti veoma vredna publikacija koja čitaoca upoznaje sa radom i istorijatom nekih od najvažnijih naučno-istraživačkih ustanova iz oblasti biotehnologije u Republici Srbiji. Zahvaljujemo se članovima Programskog i Organizacionog odbora naučnog skupa, svim ustanovama i kolegama koji su direktno učestvovali ili na bilo koji način pomogli organizaciju ovog skupa. Posebnu zahvalnost izražavamo Ministarstvu nauke, tehnološkog razvoja i inovacija Republike Srbije, koje je finansijski podržalo održavanje naučno skupa. Zahvaljujemo se Gradu Kragujevcu i Univerzitetu u Kragujevcu na podršci tokom organizacije skupa.

U ovom istraživanju je sprovedena karakterizacija perspektivnih genotipova ozime pšenice na osnovu deskriptora morfoloških osobina definisanih od strane Međunarodnog udruženja za zaštitu novih sorti biljaka (UPOV). Karakterizacija KG-linija pšenice je izvršena za 7 kvalitativnih osobina. Poljski ogledi su izvedeni u dvogodišnjem periodu (2013/2014. i 2014/2015.) na tri lokacije: Institut za krmno bilje u Kruševcu, Agroinstitut u Somboru, Centar za strna žita i razvoj sela u Kragujevcu. Ekspresija analiziranih svojstava ispitana je vizuelnim opažanjem i ocenjena odgovarajućim brojem prema UPOV deskriptoru za pšenicu. Većinu KG-genotipova odlikuje piramidalan klas bele boje sa prisutnim zupcima. Izuzetak čini genotip KG-162/7 koji ima paralelan klas, kao i genotip KG-191/5-13 sa vretenastim oblikom klasa. Takođe, za razliku od svih ostalih genotipova, genotip KG-60-3/3 karakteriše klas sa prisutnim osjem. Svojstvo donja plevica – širina ramena se kretala u rasponu od uskog, do veoma širokog, dok su svi genotipovi imali ravan oblik ramena donje plevice. Analizirani genotipovi pšenice pripadaju ozimom tipu., In this research, the characterization of promising winter wheat genotypes was carried out based on the descriptors of morphological traits defined by the International Association for the Protection of New Plant Varieties (UPOV). Characterization of KG-lines of wheat was carried out for 7 qualitative traits. Experimental trial was carried out in a two-year period (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) at three locations: Institute for Forage Crops in Kruševac, Agroinstitut in Sombor and Centre for Small Grains and Rural Development in Kragujevac. The expression of the analyzed properties was examined by visual observation and evaluated with a corresponding number according to the UPOV descriptor for wheat. Most KG-genotypes are characterized by a white pyramidal ear with scurs present. The exception is the genotype KG-162/7, which has a parallel spike, as well as the genotype KG-191/5-13, which has a spindle-shaped spike. Also, unlike all other genotypes, genotype KG-60-3/3 is characterized by a spike with a present awns. Lower glume characteristic – shoulder width ranged from narrow to very wide, while all genotypes had a flat lower glume shoulder shape. The analyzed wheat genotypes belong to the winter type.

Hiljadama godina, poljoprivredna proizvodnja predstavlja osnovu razvoja i napretka različitih civilizacija na Zemlji. Poslednjih decenija, rizik od pojave opšte gladi je daleko od poimanja realnosti savremenog čoveka. Kao društvo i deo savremenog čovečanstva, naviknuti smo na izobilje i dostupnost poljoprivrednih proizvoda kakvo do današnjih dana nije viđeno uprkos rekordnom povećanju broja stanovnika na našoj planeti. Dobrim delom, ovo je omogućeno trudom i radom naših starijih kolega oplemenjivača, selekcionera i agronoma i njihovih prethodnika, koji su predanim naučnoistraživačkim radom i deljenjem stečenih znanja i iskustava, uspešno realizovali brojna istraživanja i projektne aktivnosti u vezi sa gajenjem i oplemenjivanjem bilja. S druge strane, istraživači se danas susreću sa novim izazovima i problemima savremene poljoprivrede (genetička erozija, klimatske promene, neravnomerne i nedovoljne padavine, suša, pojačano sunčevo zračenje, dezertifikacija, promena namene poljoprivrednog zemljišta i dr.). U okviru Zbornika III Nacionalnog naučnog skupa sa međunarodnim učešćem „Biotehnologija i savremeni pristup u gajenju i oplemenjivanju bilja”, štampano je 29 radova, u kojima su prikazani rezultati istraživanja usmereni na selekciju, oplemenjivanje, agrotehniku i zaštitu ratarskog i povrtarskog bilja. Učesnicima skupa, članovima odbora, autorima radova, recenzentima i svima koji su doprineli realizaciji skupa srdačno se zahvaljujemo. Posebnu zahvalnost dugujemo Ministarstvu nauke, tehnološkog razvoja i inovacija koje je i ove godine prepoznalo i podržalo naš trud i učinjene napore, materijalno podržavši skup. Takođe, zahvaljujemo se i suorganizatorima skupa: Institutu za kukuruz Zemun polje - Beograd, Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad - institutu od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, Poljoprivrednom fakultetu Zemun-Beograd, Poljoprivrednom fakultetu Novi Sad i Univerzitetu „Bijeljina” u Bijeljini.

Considering that agricultural production needs to be adjusted to global climate changes, it is of particular importance to develop bread wheat germplasm with improved tolerance to abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify stable wheat genotypes with increased salinity stress tolerance. The experiment was conducted with 27 wheat genotypes, at two localities: Kumane (solonetz soil type) and Rimski Šančevi (chernozem soil type) during two growing seasons. A significant influence of genotype and environment, as well as G × E interaction, on the phenotypic expression of yield components was found. The factor of genotype had the largest effect on the variation in plant height (38.7%) and the smallest effect on the variation in the number of grains per spike (8.24%). The greatest influence of the environment (64.7%) and G × E interaction (17.44%) was found in the variation in the number of grains per spike. Salinity conditions contributed the most to the decrease in the number of grains per spike (30%), which is considered the best indicator of the impact of stress on the plant. The smallest decrease in the number of grains per spike was recorded in the genotypes Šumadija (16.0%) and Harmonija (18.8%). However, AMMI and PCA analyses showed that the genotype Harmonija is characterized by a higher value of the number of grains per spike and greater stability. The genotypes Renesansa, Jugoslavija, Bankut 1205, and Harmonija were characterized by the smallest reduction in plant height under salinity conditions, among which Jugoslavija and Renesansa exhibited high stability and lower trait values. The smallest reduction in spike length was found in the genotypes Jugoslavija and Šumadija, which exhibited the specific adaptability to salinity stress. In terms of salinity tolerance, the genotypes Šumadija, Harmonija, and Renesansa are considered valuable genetic resources in breeding programs.

Considering that agricultural production needs to be adjusted to global climate changes, it is of particular importance to develop bread wheat germplasm with improved tolerance to abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify stable wheat genotypes with increased salinity stress tolerance. The experiment was conducted with 27 wheat genotypes, at two localities: Kumane (solonetz soil type) and Rimski Šančevi (chernozem soil type) during two growing seasons. A significant influence of genotype and environment, as well as G × E interaction, on the phenotypic expression of yield components was found. The factor of genotype had the largest effect on the variation in plant height (38.7%) and the smallest effect on the variation in the number of grains per spike (8.24%). The greatest influence of the environment (64.7%) and G × E interaction (17.44%) was found in the variation in the number of grains per spike. Salinity conditions contributed the most to the decrease in the number of grains per spike (30%), which is considered the best indicator of the impact of stress on the plant. The smallest decrease in the number of grains per spike was recorded in the genotypes Šumadija (16.0%) and Harmonija (18.8%). However, AMMI and PCA analyses showed that the genotype Harmonija is characterized by a higher value of the number of grains per spike and greater stability. The genotypes Renesansa, Jugoslavija, Bankut 1205, and Harmonija were characterized by the smallest reduction in plant height under salinity conditions, among which Jugoslavija and Renesansa exhibited high stability and lower trait values. The smallest reduction in spike length was found in the genotypes Jugoslavija and Šumadija, which exhibited the specific adaptability to salinity stress. In terms of salinity tolerance, the genotypes Šumadija, Harmonija, and Renesansa are considered valuable genetic resources in breeding programs.

Srednje rana sorta ozimog heksaploidnog tritikalea, odličnog produktivnog bokorenja, prosečne visine oko 110 cm i vrlo dobre otpornosti prema poleganju. Ima veoma visoku otpornost prema niskim temperaturama i suši, odličnu otpornost prema pepelnici i lisnoj rđi i vrlo dobru otpornost prema stabljičnoj rđi. Tolerantna je prema napadu leme i drugih štetnih insekata. Ima srednje krupno i dobro naliveno zrno čija masa varira od 35-40 g/1000 zrna. Zrno ove sorte je srednje bogato proteinima koji variraju u granicama od 13,5 do 15%. Veoma je rodna sorta stabilnih prinosa, dok njeni maksimalni prinosi dostižu i do 11 t/ha. Ima dobru tolerantnost prema kiselim, peskovitim i zemljištima slabije plodnosti a može se uspešno gajiti i na većim nadmorskim visinama. Veoma je pogodna za ishranu stoke (za zrno ili zelenu masu) ali se njeno brašno može koristiti i za proizvodnju specijalnih vrsta hleba raženog tipa. Optimalne rezultate kod nas postiže u setvi do polovine oktobra, setvenom normom 550-600 klijavih zrna/m 2 , tj. od 220 do 250 kg/ha semena, na plodnim i srednje plodnim zemljištima uz ishranu koja je uobičajena za intenzivne sorte ozimog tritikalea (100-140 kg/ha azota predsetveno i u prihrani, uz adekvatne količine fosfora i kalijuma). Veoma je konkurentna u odnosu na korove i pogodna za organsku proizvodnju.

U radu je ispitano 20 genotipova ozimog dvoredog ječma u dvogodišnjem periodu (2008/09 i 2009/10) na tri lokaliteta (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje i Zaječar). Analiziran je prinos zrna i dve komponente prinosa: broj zrna po klasu i masa 1000 zrna. Primenom mešovitog modela utvrđena je visoka značajnost (p<0,01) efekta genotipa i interakcije genotipa i spoljašnje sredine, dok je efekat sredine statistički značajan (p<0,05). Interakcija je analizirana primenom AMMI-1 modela. Na osnovu biplota izdvojeni su široko adaptabilni genotipovi koji imaju stabilnost i iznad prosečne vrednosti ispitivane osobine. Širokom adaptabilnošću za prinos zrna isticao se genotip J-176, a za broj zrna po klasu genotip NS-595. Genotip NS-565 bio je superioran u masi 1000 zrna. Na osnovu razlike u interakcijskom efektu sredina i njihovoj stabilnosti izdvojeni su i lokaliteti pogodni za ispitivanje osobina. Ni jedan lokalitet nije se izdvojio kao pogodan za ispitivanje prinosa i broja zrna po klasu dok je Zaječar bio pogodan za ispitivanje mase 1000 zrna., In the paper, 20 genotypes of winter two-row barley were examined in a two-year period (2008/09 and 2009/10) at three localities (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje and Zajecar). Grain yield and the two yield components were analyzed: the number of grains per spike and the weight of 1000 grains. Using the mixed model, the high significance (p<0,01) of the genotype effect and the interaction between the genotype and the environment was determined, while the effect of the environment is statistically significant (p<0,05). The interaction was analyzed using the AMMI-1 model. On the basis of the biplot, wide adaptability genotypes with stable and high average values of the examined trait were separeted. Genotype J-176 had wide adaptability for grain yield and genotype NS- 595 stood out for the number of grains per spike. Genotype NS-565 was superior in weight of 1000 grains. On the basis of the difference in the interaction effect of the environments and their stable, suitable localities were also selected for testing the characteristics. Not a single location stood out as suitable for testing the grain yield and number of grains per spike, while Zaječar was suitable for testing the mass of 1000 grains.

In the two-year field experiment (2013/2014 and 2014/2015), the variability of yield and hectoliter grain mass of 14 winter wheat genotypes was examined. The research was conducted in three locations across the Republic of Serbia: Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac, Institute for forage crops in Kruševac and Agroinstitute in Sombor. Significant differences in grain yield were found between varieties, locations, years and their interactions, while the influence of the location did not show significant differences in hectoliter mass. Grain yield of studied wheat genotypes in 2013/2014 varied from 3.91 t ha-1 (KG-244/4) to 5.55 t ha-1 (KG-60-3/3), and in 2014/2015 from 5.67 t ha-1 (KG-162/7) to 7.08 t ha-1 (KG-27/6). The hectoliter mass also varied, and most often ranged from 72.1 kg hl-1 (KG-28/6) to 77.2 kg hl-1 (KG-191/5-13) in the first experimental year and from 76.7 kg hl-1 (KG-27/6) to 81.9 kg hl-1 (KG-191/5-13) in the second year. Unfavorable weather conditions which prevailed in the first experimental year, conditioned the formation of smaller and shriveled grains. As a result, the examined KG-wheat genotypes gave lower values in grain yield and hectoliter mass in 2013/2014 compared to 2014/2015. In this study, higher values of heritability in a broad sense were obtained for hectoliter mass (73.66%), and lower values for grain yield (25.82%). This indicates that direct breeding for grain yield is less efficient and it is necessary to have knowledge about the nature of the inheritance of important yield components in order to improve this complex trait.

Although utilization of commercial products based on diatomaceous earth, an insecticide of the natural origin, plays a very important role in the integral protection of stored grains, the effect of their application on the rheological quality of small grains is poorly exploited. Therefore, the aim of this research was to employ GlutoPeak and Mixolab rheological devices in order to compare the impact of three diatomaceous earths (DEs) (Protect-It and two inert dusts originated from Serbia) application on the rheological properties of wheat, triticale and rye flour dough. While moisture and protein content did not differ in treated and untreated grain samples, application of all three DEs in two triticale varieties led to an increase in the wet gluten content and Mixolab water absorption, as well as a decrease in the gluten strength, as indicated by gluten index and GlutoPeak maximum torque values. Treated rye samples have also exhibited a decrease in dough maximum consistency and stability and greater protein structure weakening in comparison to untreated sample. The mentioned changes in rheological behaviour were not noticed in wheat varieties treated with DEs. The major changes were recorded in rheological behaviour of triticale and rye starch component which showed a decrease in maximum peak torque and hot paste stability after grain treatment with DEs. In general, the influence of DEs on rheological properties of small grains was highly species and varietal dependent, where more pronounced differences between treated and untreated grains were noticed in stronger varieties.

Laboratory bioassays (temperature 26 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5% r. h.) were performed to evaluate the insecticidal effect of three different diatomaceous earths (DE) against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in wheat, triticale and rye. In order to achieve this, the amount of damaged kernels, amount of debris, wet gluten content, gluten index and rheological properties were assessed in infested samples, infested samples treated with DE Protect-It and two DEs originating from Serbia (S-1 and S-2) and were compared to control (uninfested) samples using Chopin Mixolab. The most susceptible to beetle infestation were rye sample and wheat variety Planeta. The lowest weight of damaged grain was found after applying DE Protect-It to all grain types. The amount of damaged kernels, the amount of debris and loss of mass were the highestin sample treated with DE S-2. While infestation resulted in increase in the amount of damaged kernels and debris and decrease in wet gluten content, and provoked weakening of gluten network structure as well as starch damage, an addition of DE, especially Protect-It, resulted in grain samples of similar technological quality to control (uninfested) sample. The susceptibility of different cereals used in breadmaking to infestation by R. dominica, as well as their response to the insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth largely varied. Both cereal type and quality, as measured by wet gluten content and gluten index, influenced grain response to infestation. Insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth, especially DE S-1and DE S-2, was the least effective in terms of triticale. These findings suggest that the application of DE in cereals storage management might largely be affected with grain type as well as grain composition and technological quality.

U radu je analizirana stabilnost prinosa 14 genotipova ozime hlebne pšenice. Eksperimentalni deo ogleda izveden je tokom 2013/2014. godine na tri lokaliteta (Kragujevac, Kruševac i Sombor). Analiza varijanse AMMI modelom za prinos zrna pokazala je da su svi izvori varijacije (genotip, spoljna sredina, njihova interakcija) značajno uticali na ekspresiju ove kompleksne osobine. U ukupnoj varijaciji ogleda, najveće učešće imala je interakcija genotip/sredina, a najmanje genotip. Izdvojeni su stabilni genotipovi pšenice, adaptirani na nepovoljne uslove spoljašnje sredine, koji mogu poslužiti kao roditelji za ukrštanja u budućim oplemenjivačkim programima., In these investigations, the yield stability of 14 winter bread wheat genotypes were analyzed. The experimental part of the trial was performed at three locations (Kragujevac, Kruševac and Sombor) during 2013/2014. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield showed that all sources of variation (genotype, environment, their interaction) had a significant effect on the expression of this complex trait. In the total variation of the experiment, the largest contribution had genotype/enviroment interaction, and genotype had the least. The most stable genotypes have been identified, which can be considered as a desirable genotypes, widely adapted to different agroecological conditions.

Stability of grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and sedimentation value were analyzed in 10 winter wheat cultivars (Perfekta, Toplica, KG-52/3, Merkur, Vizeljka, Talas, NS 40S, Zvezdana, Javorka and Pobeda), created in different breeding institutions in Serbia. The experiment was carried out during 2019/2020 in two localities: Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac and Institute for Forage Crops in Kruševac, Serbia. The analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in grain yield, between genotypes, investigated localities, as well as their interaction. The influence of the locality did not show statistical significance on the expression of 1000 kernel weight and sedimentation value. The highest average values were recorded by Perfekta for grain yield, Zvezdana for 1000 kernel weight and KG-52/3 for sedimentation value at both localities. The AMMI model was used for analysis of genotype × environment interaction. The most stabile cultivars were Vizeljka, NS 40S and Perfekta with values above the average for grain yield. Cultivars Talas, KG-52/3 and Javorka showed the highest stability for the 1000 kernel weight. Cultivar Javorka had the highest, while Talas and KG-52/3 had the lowest average values for this trait. Vizeljka and KG-52/3 were the most stable genotypes for sedimentation value, with KG-52/3 achieving the highest values of the observed trait at the level of the entire experiment. Both analyzed locations had high interaction value for all three analyzed traits.

The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a primary pest of stored wheat. Many authors studied its development on this cereal. The wheat is commonly stored together with other grain, especially barley, rye, oats and triticale. The objectives of this study are to assess the feeding preferences for the small grains (wheat, barley, rye, oat and triticale) and to evaluate their susceptibility/resistance to progeny production of R. dominica. The mean survival rate of R. dominica adults, progeny emergence and amounts of insect-damaged grains and dockage in various small grain species were determined. Also, influence of R. dominica feeding on chemical properties (moisture protein and ash contents in grains) was found out. The influence of the grain species on the development of R. dominica was significant. The highest mortality of parents and the lowest progeny counts in oats, while triticale is very suitable for development of R. dominica, much more then wheat, as a primary host. The biggest amount of damage kernals and dust were found in triticale. The contents of moisture, protein and ash in the grain has been changed due to feeding of R. dominica., Žitni kukuljičar (rizoperta) - Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) je primarna štetočina uskladištene pšenice. Njen razvoj na ovoj vrsti strnih žita proučavali su brojni autori. Pšenica se obično skladišti sa drugim strnim žitima, posebno ječmom, raži, ovsom i tritikaleom. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno u cilju ispitivanja preferencija u ishrani R. dominica u strnim žitima (pšenica, ječam, raž, ovas i tritikale) i ocene osetljvosti/otpornosti ovih žita na pojavu potomstva R. dominica. Utvrđen je prosečan broj preživelih jedinki R. dominica, pojava potomstva i broj zrna oštećenih insektima, kao i količina prašine u različitim vrstama strnih žita. Takođe, utvrđen je uticaj R. dominica na hemijske osobine strnih žita (sadržaj vlage, proteina i pepela u zrnu). Uticaj vrste žitarica na razvoj R. dominica bio je značajan. Najveća smrtnost roditelja i najmanja pojava potomstva utvrđena je kod ovsa, dok je tritikale veoma povoljan za razvoj R. dominica, mnogo više nego pšenica, kao primarni domaćin. Najveća količina oštećenih zrna i prašine nađeni su u tritikaleu. Ishrana R. dominica je dovela do promene sadržaja vlage, proteina i pepela u zrnu.

In the breeding program of bread wheat, in the last years, a substantial focus has been directed towards the creation of genotypes that, in addition to high yields, have a high grain quality. Also, an increased stability of quality in different environmental conditions is one of the main tasks of selection at the global level. The goal of this research is the investigation of stability expression regarding sedimentation volume and wet gluten content for 14 genotypes of winter bread wheat using AMMI model. Field experiment was conducted at three localities: Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac, Institute for Forage Crops in Krusevac and Agroinstitute in Sombor, Serbia. Analysis of the variance showed that all sources of variation (G, E, G × E) showed statistical significance, where the environmental effect represents statistically the most significant source of variability in expression on sedimentation volume (40.64%) and genotype in expression of wet gluten content (50.42%). It has been established that the most stable genotypes for sedimentation volume were KG-244/4 and KG-199/4, and for wet gluten content genotypes KG-307/4 and KG-52/3.

Poljski ogled sa sortama Rekord, Maksa i Grand postavljen je na zemljištu tipa vertisol tokom vegetacionih sezona 2006-2010 godine. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod tri sorte ozimog ječma gajenih na kiselom zemljištu analizira prinos zrna. Najveće vrednosti prinosa zrna ustanovljene su u vegetacionoj 2007/08 godini (5.788 t ha-1). Prosečan petogodišnji prinos zrna kod ispitivanih sorti kretao se od 4.654 t ha-1 do 5.207 t ha-1. Sorta Maksa imala je najveći prinos zrna. Na osnovu analize varijanse, može se zaključiti da postoje vrlo značajne razlike u prinosu zrna u odnosu na godinu ispitivanja., Field trial with barley varieties Rekord, Maksa and Grand was set on vertisoltype soil during the vegetation seasons 2006-2010. The aim of the research was to analyse the grain yield in three varieties of barley cultivated on acid soil. The highest values of grain yield were established in the vegetation year 2007/08 (5.788 t ha-1). The average of five-year grain yield of barley cultivars ranged from 4.654 t ha-1 to 5.207 t ha-1. The Maksa cultivar had the highest yield of grain. Based on the analysis of variance, it can be concluded that there are very significant differences in grain yield regard the year of investigation, while among the investigated barley cultivars the differences were very significant.

U radu je analizirano 10 genotipova ozime pšenice tokom dve vegetacione sezne (2012/2013, 2013/2014). Eksperimentalni deo ogleda izveden je na oglednom polju Centra za strna žita u Kragujevcu. Ispitivane su osobine tehnološkog kvaliteta pšenice: sedimentacija proteina i sadržaj vlažnog glutena. Rezultati dobijeni u ovim istraživanjima ukazuju da se period oplodnje i nalivanja zrna, u drugoj proučavanoj godini, odvijao pri nižoj temperaturi vazduha i ekstremno visokoj količina padavina, što je negativno uticalo na kvalite pšenice. U proseku, svi genotipovi pšenice su ostvarili niže vrednosti sedimentacije proteina i sadržaja vlažnog glutena u 2013/2014. u poređenju sa 2012/2013. godinom., In these studies, 10 winter wheat genotypes were analyzed during two growing seasons (2012/2013, 2013/2014). The experimental part of the trial was conducted on Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac. There were analyzed some of the most important technological qualities traits: sedimentation value and wet gluten content. According to our results, the period of heading and grain filling characterized by lower air temperatures and extremely high rainfall, which negatively affected the grain quality of wheat. On average, all genotypes achieved a lower protein sedimentation value and wet gluten content in 2013/2014. compared to 2012/2013 year.

The persistence and efficacy of diatomaceous earth from Serbia (DE S-1 and DE S-2) on Rhyzopertha dominica F. in stored wheat was examined. Commercial DE formulation, Protect- It, was used as a standard. Three months after treatment with DEs at rates of 1 mg kg-1, grains were infested with adults of R. dominica F. Insect mortality was determined after 7, 14 and 21 days. The results show that the efficacy of DEs increased with the duration of exposure. After the 21st day the higher mortality was detected in grains treated with Protect-It (99.5%), while there were no differences between DE S-1 and DE S-2 (96.5% and 95.5%, respectively). The progeny/progeny reduction then weak after exposure were 6/99.2% Protect-It, 54.8/93.1% DE S-1 and 193/75.84% DE S-2., Ispitivana je perzistentnost i efikasnost diatomejske zemlje poreklom iz Srbije (DZ S-1 i DZ S-2) u suzbijanju Rhyzopertha dominica F. Kao standard korišćen je preparat na bazi DZ Protect-It. Uskladištena pšenica tretirana je DZ u količini od 1000 ppm (1 g DZ kg-1 žita). Tri meseca nakon tretiranja pšenica je infestirana adultima R. dominica. Smrtnost izlaganih jedinki utvrđivana je posle 7, 14 i 21. dana izlaganja. Na procenat smrtnosti značajno je uticao period izlaganja. Najveću smrtnost posle 21.dana izlaganja prouzrokovao je Protect-It (99,5%). Nije ustanovljena razlika u efikasnosti DZ S-1(96,5%) i DZ S-2 (95,5%). Prosečan broj potomaka (±SG) / redukcija potomstva (%) deset nedelja posle izlaganja bio je 6/99.2% Protect-It, 54.8/93.1% DZ S-1 i 193/75.84% DZ S-2.

In these studies, 14 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp vulgare L.) genotypes were analyzed in three localities across the Republic of Serbia. Some morphological and the most important productive traits were analysed in order to determine the relationship between grain yield and these traits in the year with extreme wet conditions during period of intensive wheat development (April-June period). According to our results, period of stem extension, heading and grain filling characterized by lower air temperatures and extremely high rainfall at all three localities, had detrimental effects on the grain filling process. The genotypes KG-191/5-13 and KG-1/6 achieved above average values of the most desirable traits in all three localities, and can be singled out as desirable parents in breeding programs to create new and improved varieties of wheat. Based on the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, two groups of similar genotypes were distinguished. The highest degree of positive correlation was found between diameter of the first internode and diameter of top internode; number of spikelets per spike and number of fertile spikelets per spike; grain mass/spike and grain mass/plant; plant height and length of the top internode.

This research involved analyses of six genotypes of the winter bread wheat (Toplica, Takovčanka, Perfekta, Vizija, KG-56S, and Aleksandra) on the experimental field of Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac during two growing seasons (2011/2012 and 2012/2013). The most important parameters of bread-making quality were analysed (wet gluten content and rheological flour and dough properties). Grain samples were milled using a Brabender Quadrumat Junior laboratory mill. The gluten content was determined by the standard method and rheological flour and dough properties by Brabender Farinograph. Wet gluten content of analyzed wheat genotypes varied depending on the genotype and the year. The cultivar Aleksandra had the highest value of wet gluten content in both years of investigation (35.48% and 39.03%). The analyses of variance showed highly significant differences of wet gluten content between cultivars, investigated years as well as their interaction. The lowest water absorption in the first year of study was found in Takovčanka cultivar (59.2%), while in the second year in KG-56S (63.8%). The cultivar Vizija showed the highest water absorption in both years of studying (62.13% and 67.3%). According to the analysis of variance, highly significant differences for the water absorption were determined between genotypes, examined years and their interaction. Farinograph properties showed that flour of analyzed cultivars belonged to B1 and C1 quality groups in the first year, and B1 and B2 in the second year. The analysis of phenotypic variance indicated that the highest impact of variance for wet gluten content belonged to year, while for water absorption belonged to cultivar × year interaction.

Tests were carried out on stationary field trial, soil type vertisol in the process of degradation, characterized by low pH (pH<5.0). The dose of nitrogen was 80 kg/ha N, which was administered in combination with phosphorous and potassium fertilizer. The average grain yield and 1000 grain weight of all treatments in 2010/11 growing season was significantly greater than in 2009/10, mostly as the result of highly favourable weather conditions at major stages of plant development. The yield, thousand grain weight and test weight of barley significantly varied across years and treatments. Barley yield was the highest in the NP1K and NP2K (4.171 and 4.318 t/ha) treatments. Variance analysis showed statistically very significant differences for grain yield and test weight between the vegetation seasons and very significant differences for grain yield and 1000 grain weight between the effects of fertilization. Variance analysis showed significant differences for yield between the interaction of the vegetation seasons and variants of fertilization.

Diatomejska zemlja je supstanca prisutna u prirodi koja je sertifikovana kao organski insekticid, ekološki prihvatljiv i predstavlja dobru alternativu sintetisanim insekticidima. Efikasnost DZ zavisi od mnogobrojnih činilaca (vrste žita, osobine zrna, vrste insekata i stadijuma razvića insekata,od geografskog porekla same DZ, ali i od karakteristika DZ). Značajno je što DZ ispoljava dugu perzistentnost. Za ispitivanje efekata diatomejske zemlje korišćena su dva prašiva diatomejske zemlje obeležene kao S-1 i S-2, koje su poreklom iz Srbije. Dobijene su u postupku prerade rude diatomita (sa lokaliteta Kolubara) u Institutu za tehnologiju nuklearnih i drugih mineralnih sirovina iz Beograda gde je utvrđen i hemijski sastav i zastupljenost čestica prašiva. Kao standard za ova ispitivanja korišćen je preparat na bazi DZ Protect-It (Hedley Technologies Inc., Kanada). U cilju potvrđivanja perzistentnosti DZ korišćena je pšenica tretirana DZ tri meseca pre infestacije u količini od 1000 ppm (1 g DZ kg -1 žita). Smrtnost izlaganih jedinki utvrđivana je isejavanjem posle 7, 14 i 21. dana ekspozicije. Nakon utvrđivanja efikasnosti, svi insekti su isejavani i uzorci su vraćani u termostat u kome su kontrolisani uslovi, T 26±1 °C i RH 60±5%. Posle sedam nedelja, posude sa žitima su prosejavane kako bi se utvrdila pojava potomstva i procenat redukcije potomstva. Na procenat smrtnosti R. dominica primenom tri diatomejske zemlje (DZ) značajno je uticao period ekspozicije. Posle 7 dana ekspozicije ostvarena je smrtnost od 87.25% Protect-It, 62.0% DZ S-1i 53.25% DZ S-2. Efikasnost primenjenih DZ posle 14 dana bila je 98.5%, 92.0% i 89.0%, respektivno. Posle treće nedelje izlaganja smrtnost R. dominica je značajno veća (99.5%, 96.5% i 95.5%, respektivno). Prosečan broj potomaka ( x ±SG) / redukcija potomstva (%) kod R. dominica u pšenici deset nedelja posle tretiranja je 6/99.2% Protect-It, 54.8/93.1% DZ S-1 i 193/75.84% DZ S-2. Ostvarena smrtnost primenom diatomejske zemlje iz Srbije

The experiment was established at the experimental field of the Small Grains Research Centre in Kragujevac (Serbia) during the two growing seasons. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of genotype and the environment on the grain yield of winter wheat cultivars (Takovčanka, Kruna, Planeta and Vizija). The following characteristics were analysed: grain yield, 1000 grain weight and test weight. The average grain yield of all cultivars in the 2010/11 growing season was significantly greater than in the 2009/10 year, mostly as the result of highly favourable weather conditions at major stages of plant development. Takovčanka and Kruna gave significantly higher grain yields in all years compared to Planeta. Averaged across years, significantly higher values for 1.000 grain weight were found in Planeta and test weight was found in Takovčanka. Different responses of cultivars to variable agroenvironmental conditions in terms of grain yield and 1.000 grain weight and test weight require the use of a number of cultivars in the crop structure.

In the condition of low insecticide efficacy, Rhyzopertha dominica F. can affect particular changes in physical and chemical grain composition, since the whole pest life-cycle is spent feeding on kernel endosperm. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the insecticidal activity of Spinosad, an insecticide a.s. of natural origin, on R. dominica mortality, progeny emergence and some wheat chemical traits (moisture, protein and ash content). Wheat samples were treated with Spinosad in amounts of 0.25; 0.5 and 1.0 mg a.s. kg-1 of wheat grain. After 24 h, 25 adults of R. dominica of both sexes were released into each vessel. Insect mortality was determined by manually removing from the infested wheat after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Ten weeks after treatments, progeny emergence and progeny reduction were designated. Spinosad application in the lowest dosage, after seven days of exposure, affected mortality from 94.5% to 100%. Spinosad applied at 1 mg kg-1 caused a 100% mortality. The mortality of R. dominica adults after 14 days exposure period was 100% after the application of the three doses. Ten weeks after grains treatment, all the Spinosad dosages prevented infestation. Spinosad application in all examined dosages did not lead to grain damage. Damaged grain and dust in Spinosad treated samples were not recorded, which represent the ideal small grain protection. There was no determined impact of examined insecticide on particular chemical traits. All established changes were due to the activity of R. dominica. Spinosad has been identified as a promising alternative to stored-grain protectants.

Modern methods of protection of stored wheat grains from insect pests strive towards optimizing the use of different techniques and methods within integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. In this study, the potential of synthetic insecticide of the natural origin Abamectin on Rhyzopertha dominica F. in stored wheat was examined. The research was conducted in three rates/doses of the tested insecticide (0.25; 0.5 and 1.0 mg a.s. kg-1 of wheat) and the effects of its application, as well as the effects of infestation of R. dominica on certain physical and chemical traits of wheat grains were, also, examined. After 24 h of treated, 25 adults of R. dominica of both sexes were released into each vessel. Insect mortality was determined by manually removing from the infested wheat after 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure. Ten weeks after treatments, progeny emergence and progeny reduction were designated. Efficacy of Abamectin after 7 days of exposure in all applied dosages was low (< 56.5%). Abamectin efficacy was significantly increased after 14 days of exposure (ranged from 67.0%, 68.5% to 85.0%). Abamectin in all applied rates after 21days of treatment was highly active (100%). Ten weeks after grain treatment, all three dosages of examined insecticide were prevented progeny emergence. Amount of the damaged grains and dockage, as a nus-product of feeding of R. dominica larvae and adult, compared with untreated, infested sample was significantly smaller which represent positive aspect of Abamectin application. Application of Abamectin was contributed to the significant difference in moisture content, but did not change significantly protein and ash content, in comparison with control. Untreated grain samples, infested with R. dominica, in relation to the other tested samples, showed the biggest change in technological grain properties of examined species.

Poljski ogled sa sortama pšenice Takovčanka, Planeta, Kruna, Toplica i Vizija postavljen je na zemljištu tipa vertisol tokom vegetacionih sezona 2005/06-2011/12. godine. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod pet sorti pšenice gajenih na kiselom zemljištu analizira prinos zrna. Najveće vrednosti prinosa zrna ustanovljene su u godini sa umerenim temperaturama i velikom količinom padavina u vegetacionoj 2007/08. godini. Prosečan prinos zrna sorti pšenice kretao se od 3.743 t ha-1 do 6.275 t ha-1. Sorte Kruna, Planeta i Vizija imale su najveći prinos zrna. Na osnovu analize varijanse, moţe se zaključiti da postoje vrlo značajne razlike u prinosu zrna u odnosu na godinu ispitivanja, dok između ispitivanih sorti pšenice razlike nisu bile signifikantne., Field trial with wheat varieties Takovčanka, Planeta, Kruna, Toplica and Vizija was set on vertisol-type soil during the vegetation seasons 2005/06-2011/12. The aim of the research was to analyse the grain yield in five varieties of wheat cultivated on acid soil. The highest values of grain yield were established in the year with moderate temperatures and high precipitation in the vegetation year 2007/08. Average grain yield of wheat cultivars ranged from 3.743 t ha-1 to 6.275 t ha-1. The Kruna, Planeta and Vizija varieties had the highest yield of grain. Based on the analysis of variance, it can be concluded that there are very significant differences in grain yield regard the year of investigation, while among the investigated wheat cultivars the differences were not significant.