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In organic farming systems, choosing the right combination of variety, maturity group, planting date and specific inoculum could extend production time and maximize soybean yield. Most of the commercial soybean varieties developed in Serbia have been tested in conventional systems, but rarely in organic farming. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of locally developed soybean varieties for organic farming under the conditions of different sowing dates and rhizobial seed treatment. The trials were conducted on conventional and organic fields at the Zemun Polje site in 2023. Soybean varieties of maturity group 0 (Lela and Selena) and maturity group I (Laura and Jasminka) were investigated. Two sowing dates and a microbial preparation - „Biofor soya” - were used. At the second sowing date, inoculation contributed to a yield increase of 4.6 % in organic and 8 % in conventional cultivation compared to the control. At the first sowing date, inoculation only led to better yields in organic cultivation compared to the control, while in conventional cultivation the yield without inoculation was higher than the yield of the inoculated varieties. The average yield of all varieties across all treatments and sowing dates was 4.13 t/ha in conventional cultivation, while it was only 3.24 t/ha in organic cultivation. In organic farming, the average yield of all varieties across all treatments was 21.9 % higher at the second sowing date than at the first, while in conventional farming the seed yield at the second sowing date was only 1.46 % higher than at the first. The sowing date appears to be an important factor for the productivity of the variety and the efficiency of the inoculation treatment.

U prethodnom periodu sprovedena su istraživanja sa fokusom na primenu različitih vrsta mikrobioloških preparata u cilju njihovog mogućeg uticaja na morfološke, produktivne i kvalitativne osobine industrijskog bilja. Istraživanja su sprovedena u periodu od 2015. do 2023. godine, kako na otvorenom polju, tako i u laboratorijskim uslovima. U grupi industrijskog bilja ispitivane su uljane, proteinske, lekovite, aromatične i začinske biljke. U ovom radu je prikazan uticaj određenih biopreparata na tretman semena organske soje pre setve i u toku gajenja. Za tu namenu korišćene su mešavine mikrobioloških sojeva kao što su: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus simplex, Bacillus amiloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megatherium, Bradyrhizobium japonicum i Azotobacter chroococum, uz dodatak tečnih đubriva biljnog porekla obogaćenih K, Ca i Mg. Primena mikrobioloških sojeva i tečnih đubriva obogaćenih K, Ca i Mg pri gajenju organske soje značajno utiče na povećanje sadržaja proteina i biljnih ulja u soji, kao i na vrednosti morfoloških parametara i prinosa u usevu organski proizvedene soje. Mikrobiološki preparati imaju potencijal da doprinesu razvoju održivih poljoprivrednih sistema. Upotreba odabranih mikrobioloških kultura za tretman tokom inokulacije zemljišta i semena pri gajenju industrijskog bilja, ogleda se u poboljšanju nutritivnih i funkcionalnih svojstava biljaka koje su odličan izvor vrednih sastojaka hrane., In the previous period, research was carried out with a focus on the application of various types of microbiological preparations in order to influence their possible influence on the morphological, productive and qualitative properties of industrial plants. Research was conducted in the period from 2015 to 2023 both in the open field and in laboratory conditions. In the group of industrial plants, oil, protein, medicinal, aromatic and spice plants were investigated. This paper shows the influence of certain biopreparations on the treatment of organic soybean seeds before sowing and during cultivation. For that purpose, mixtures of microbiological strains (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus simplex, Bacillus amiloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megatherium, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azotobacter chroococum) were used, with the addition of liquid fertilizers of plant origin enriched with K, Ca and Mg. The use of microbiological strains in the cultivation of organic soybeans has a significant effect on increasing the content of proteins and vegetable oils in soybeans, as well as on the values of morphological parameters and yield in the crop of organically produced soybeans. Microbiological preparations have the potential to contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural systems. The use of selected microbiological cultures for treatment during the inoculation of soil and seeds in the cultivation of industrial plants is reflected in the improvement of the nutritional and functional properties of plants, which are an excellent source of valuable food ingredients.

Soybean is one of the most important oil and protein crops in the world. Soybean accounts for 30% of the world’s edible oil production. A major problem affecting soybean production is low seed viability. One treatment that promotes uniform and rapid seed germination and increases resistance to adverse environmental conditions is seed hydropriming. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of hydropriming treatment on seed morphological and physiological characteristics. Three soybean varieties: Lela, Selena and Laura were used for the experiment. After a period of immersion in water (T0-control, T1-2h, T2-4h, and T3-6h), the length, and weight of the roots, stems, and seed germination were measured in a laboratory setting. Compared to untreated seed, germination was not significantly altered by seed treatment. This characteristic was primarily variety dependent, with seed of the cultivar Laura having the highest germination rate (98%) when treated with T0 and T1. The morphological characteristics of the seedlings differed significantly after hydropriming. After T1 treatment, the variety Laura had the longest root with 15.822 cm. In the T1 treatment, the variety Lela had the longest stems (9.033 cm). Seed treatment did not significantly increase root and stem weight. The results of the study show that seed treatment increases the ability of seeds to withstand stressful conditions, especially during prolonged droughts.

Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje soybean collection is a small, local collection consisted of approximately 500 accessions from different regions of the world. Until now, there has been no systematic and precise evaluation of samples in the collection, as well as the assessment of genetic diversity. Genotype’s information is mainly limited to passport data, a description of several morphological traits and yield data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of phenotypic variation in collection on the sample of 90 accessions of different geographical origin. Morphological description was performed by screening of 16 traits according to the UPOV technical guideline for conducting of DUS tests in soybean. Diversity of morphological traits was estimated by Shannon diversity index. Morphological similarity of genotypes was estimated by the application of multivariate statistics models (analysis of homogeneity - HOMALS and cluster analysis). HOMALS analysis revealed the descriptors of high discriminatory power, with the greatest importance for genotype’s distinction: colour of the seed coat, intensity of pod colour, pubescence colour, and to a lesser extent the growth type. Genotypes were divided into six homogeneous and moderately separated groups with similar morphological profiles. Geographical component of morphological variability, as well as pedigree-based grouping could not be observed in pattern obtained by HOMALS. Cluster analysis showed a slightly different grouping model compared to the HOMALS analysis. All genotypes were grouped according to the colour of flower into two main clusters, and further into subgroups according to the type of growth and pubescence colour. Genotype’s positioning in subclusters did not correspond to their geographical origin. Consistency of clustering according to pedigree could be observed for individual pairs of genotypes or a small number of groups within subclusters. Despite the satisfactory level of morphological div

Oplemenjivački rad na soji u Institutu za kukuruz „Zemun Polje“ za cilj ima stvaranje sorti standardnog kvaliteta zrna visokog i stabilnog prinosa, tolerantnih na abiotičke i biotičke faktore spoljašnje sredine, te otpornih prema poleganju i pucanju mahuna. Kao rezultat ovog procesa, u toku 2023. godine priznata je sorta soje “Jasminka”. Kao početni materijal za dobijanje varijabilnosti segregirajuće populacije korišćeni su domaći genotipovi soje, a primenjen je pedigree metod selekcije. Sorta pripada grupi zrenja I, sa dužinom vegetacije od oko 125 dana, zavisno od temperaturne sume i obezbeđenosti vlagom u toku vegetacione sezone. Preporučeno vreme setve je polovina aprila, a optimalna gustina useva 450000 biljaka/ha. U sortnim ogledima Odseka za priznavanje sorti, Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije izvedenim u toku 2021. i 2022. godine na četiri lokaliteta, ostvarila je prosečan prinos od 2,71 t/ha. S obzirom da su obe godine ispitivanja bile nepovoljne za gajenje soje (suša u 2022.), sorta je ispoljila i dobru toleranciju na deficit vlage. Masa 1000 zrna iznosi oko 200 g. Sadržaj proteina u zrnu je visok i iznosi 43,3%, dok je sadržaj ulja na zadovoljavajućem nivou (19,7%). Sorta se odlikuje srednje visokim stablom (90- 110 cm) indeterminantnog tipa porasta, uspravnim habitusom, sivim maljama i ljubičastim cvetom. Mahuna je svetlo braon boje, a seme je žute semenjače i svetlo braon hiluma. Sorta se odlikuje dobrom otpornošću na poleganje, te je pogodna za gajenje u uslovima navodnjavanja., Soybean breeding program at the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje aims to create varieties of standard grain type, with high and stable yield and good tolerance to abiotic and biotic factors of the environment, resistant to lodging and shattering, with special emphasis on short and mid-season varieties. As a result of this program, a new soybean variety “Jasminka” was released in year 2023. Domestic, well adapted soybean genotypes were used as parental material for developing the variability of the segregating population, and the pedigree method of selection was applied. The variety belongs to maturity group I, with 125 days to maturity, depending on the sum of active temperatures and water supply during the season. The recommended sowing time is mid-April, and the optimal crop density is 450000 plants/ha. In variety trials of the Department for Recognition of Varieties, Directorate for Plant Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia conducted in 2021 and 2022 at four locations,” Jasminka” achieved an average yield of 2.71 t/ha. Despite the fact that both years of testing were unfavourable for soybean production (drought in 2022), the variety showed good tolerance to soil moisture deficit. A 1000-seed weight is around 200 g. The protein content in the grain is high and amounts to 43.3%, while the oil content is at a satisfactory level (19.7%). A new variety has medium-high stem (90-110 cm), indeterminate type of growth, erect habit, gray pubescence and a purple flower. Pods are a light brown, and the seed coat is yellow with a yellow hilum. The variety has good resistance to shattering and lodging, and is suitable for growing in irrigation system.

Quality protein maize (QPM) has high content of essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan that are deficient in standard maize. Naturally occurring opaque2 recessive mutation has been the most widely studied and used as a source for genetic improvement of the nutritional value of maize proteins. Marker assisted conversion of maize inbred lines to QPM adapted to temperate regions is being conducted at Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (MRIZP). The ultimate goal is selection of the opaque2 recessive genotypes (foreground selection) with the highest proportion of recurrent parentʹs genome (background selection) along with high lysine/tryptophan content without losing good agronomic performances of the original line. After two backcrossing and selection of heterozygous individual plants, opaque2-specific molecular markers phi057 and umc1066 successfully identified recessive homozygotes in BC2F2 generation. The next step was to confirm expression of the QPM trait through elevated kernel tryptophan content (TC). Laboratory analyses were used to quantify and select for acceptable tryptophan concentrations for QPM - above 0.075%. The results presented in this paper relate to identification of BC2F3 progenies with increased TC in the conversion of two MRIZP commercial inbred lines (RP1 and RP2). The average TC ranged from 0.070% in RP1 to 0.074% in RP2. Out of 60 progenies from these two lines, 27 had TC at or above the QPM treshold. A total of 12 progenies was chosen for the highest tryptophan content. These lines will serve as parental lines for developing QPM hybrids adapted to temperate regions.

This work aimed to evaluate changes in phytic phosphorus content as the response of three maize hybrids (ZP 457, ZP 5601, and ZP 606) to different pesticide treatments for European Corn Borer (ECB) attacks and, as well as the correlation between damage caused by ECB attack and Pphy content. In the experimental field, maize ears were sampled and dried at a moisture content of 14% for the determination of changes in phytic phosphorus content in the grain. The content of phytic phosphorus was determined using UV / VIS spectrophotometry. Observed results showed the highest content of phytic phosphorus for untreated control for all tested hybrids, compared to pesticide treatments. The content of Pphy in the tested maize kernel samples ranged from 2.12 to 3.40 mg g -1. A significant positive correlation between attacks of larvae and Pphy content could indicate activation of its antioxidative function as a response to damage caused by ECB attack., Cilj ovog rada je procena promene u sadržaju fitinskog fosfora kao odgovora tri hibrida kukuruza (ZP 457, ZP 5601 i ZP 606) na različite tretmane pesticidima protiv napada kukuruznog plamenca, kao i određivanje korelacije između oštećenja biljke izazvane napadom larvi i sadržaja fitinskog fosfora. U oglednom polju uzorkovani su klipovi kukuruza radi određivanja promene sadržaja fitinskog fosfora u zrnu UV/VIS spektrofotometrijom. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali najveći sadržaj fitinskog fosfora za netretiranu kontrolu kod svih ispitivanih hibrida u poređenju sa tretmanima pesticidima. Sadržaj fitinskog fosfora u ispitivanim uzorcima zrna kukuruza kretao se od 2,12 do 3,40 mg g-1. Uočena značajna pozitivna korelacija između napada larvi i sadržaja fitinskog P može ukazivati na aktivaciju njegove antioksidativne funkcije kao odgovor na oštećenja izazvana napadom kukuruznog plamenca.

Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) kao komercijalna vrsta gaji se širom sveta. Godišnja proizvodnja paprike dostigla je oko 3.9 miliona tona. Površine pod zasadima paprike u Srbiji procenjene su na 10.278 ha u 2021. godini, dok je ukupna proizvodnja iznosila 147.663 tone. U ovoj studiji vršeno je ispitivanje semena dva genotipa paprike dobijenih sa lokacija Kula i Smederevska Palanka. Ispitivanje je vršeno standardnim metodama za procenu klijavosti i zdravstvene ispravnosti semena. Kvalitet semena paprike procenjen je na osnovu parametara klijanja, vlage i zdravstvene ispravnosti semena za sezonu 2022 godine. Energija klijanja iznosila je 75% (Strižanka) i 85% (Župska rana) za lokalitet Smederevska Palanka, dok je za Kulu iznosila 65% (Strižanka) i 55% (Župska rana) (p<0.05). Ukupna klijavost iznosila je 88% (Strižanka) i 90% (Župska Rana) za lokalitet u Smederevska Palanka, dok je u Kuli iznosila 80% (Strižanka) i 70% (Župska Rana). Sadržaj vlage dostigao je 11.5% i 11% za Strižanku i Župsku ranu, respektivno (p>0.05) sa lokaliteta u Smederevskoj Palanci. U uzorcima dobijenih sa lokaliteta u Kuli sadržaj vlage je iznosio 12.5% za Strižanku i 9.5% za Župsku ranu (p<0.05). Zdravstvena ispravnost semena testirana je na Alternaria spp. i Fusarium spp. Procenat infekcije za Strižanku i Župsku Ranu iznosio je 1% (Smederevska Palanka) (p>0.05), dok je u Kuli iznosio 3% za Strižanku i 5% za Župsku Ranu (p<0.05). Dobijeni podaci za parametre kvaliteta ukazuju na značajnu razliku između lokaliteta Smederevska Palanka i Kula. Buduća istraživanja će biti vezana za analizu zemljista i ukupni prinos po parceli na lokacijama Smederevska Palanka i Kula., Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) as a commercial species is cultivated worldwide. The annual production of pepper has reached approximately 3.9 million tons. The area under pepper plants in Serbia were assessed at 10.278 ha in 2021, and overall production at 147.663 tons. Seed testing of two genotypes of pepper from two localities (Kula and Smederevska Palanka) was performed using standard methods for assessing seed quality and health, based on germination parameters, moisture and seed health obtained during 2022 season. Germination energy was 75% and 85% for Strizanka and Zupska Rana, in Smederevska Palanka, respectively. In Kula, germination energy was statistically significantly lower and accounted for 65% and 55% for Strizanka and Zupska Rana (p<0.05). Total germination for Strizanka and Zupska rana was 88% and 90% in Smederevska Palanka, while at Kula location it was 80% and 70%. The moisture content was 11.5% and 11% for Strizanka and Zupska Rana, respectively (p>0.05) in Smederevska Palanka. The moisture content in Kula was 12.5% and 9.5% for Strizanka and Zupska Rana, respectively. Seed health was tested on phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. For Strizanka and Zupska Rana amounted to 1% (Smederevska Palanka) (p>0.05).While in Kula amounted to 3% and 5%, respectively (p<0.05) and they were statistically significant (p<0.05). The obtained data of seed quality parameters indicated a statistically significant difference between Smederevska Palanka and Kula locations. Future research will be related to soil analysis and total yield per plot at two locations.

U ovom radu bavićemo se reprezentacijom traume Holokausta iz ženske perspektive u igranim filmovima „Ida” (2013) Pavela Pavlikovskog , „Feniks” (2014) Kristijana Pecolda, i u Netfliks mini-seriji „Neortodoksna” (2020) Marije Šrader. Pozicioniraćemo ih kao posttraumatske filmove koji funkcionišu kao prenosioci istorijske traume - koristićemo pojam post-traumatskog sećanja Džošue Hirša kao i pojam post-sećanja na koji je ukazala Marijana Hirš. Analiziraćemo narativne strategije reprezentacije traumatskih sećanja i locirati kako se elementima filmskog jezika kodiraju tišina i ćutanje kao manifestacija traume Holokausta. Svedočenje i svedočanstvo kao ključni pojmovi kojima su se bavili Šošana Felman i Dori Laub predstavljaju moguću artikulaciju traumatskog iskustva protagonistkinja, no neke od njih integrišu traumu u narativno iskustvo i putem pesme., Contemporary Holocaust film narratives have stepped away from stereotypical representations of women. Women are given a voice to narrate their traumatic experience from a feminine perspective, leaving the attribute of “the icons of victimization” behind. The representation of Holocaust trauma and the narrative strategies in films “Ida” by Pawel Pawlikowski (2013), “Phoenix” by Christian Petzold (2014), and the Netflix mini-series “Unorthodox” by Maria Shrader (2020), belong to the sphere of post-trauma cinema. Not only does the narrative structure become non-linear using flashbacks and testimonies, but the codes of cinematic language designate silence as rupture, breakage, and loss. Be it part of post-memory and transgenerational memory (Esti in “Unorthodox”), or the margins of trauma (Ida and her aunt Vanda in “Ida”), or the core of the very trauma of the Holocaust survivor (Neli in “Phoenix”) - female characters voice their trauma in the hope of healing. However, not all of them survive facing their trauma and communicating the traumatic experience. Some of them choose suicide (Vanda) or monastery solitude (Ida). Two of them (Esti and Neli), however, find closure in singing that breaks the silence.

In order to assess the silage potential of maize hybrids, the nutritional quality and the enzymatic in vitro digestibility of five local maize hybrids (ZP 707, ZP 7357, ZP 7072, ZP 7777, and ZP 6263) was tested in the laboratory of the Group for Food Technology and Biochemistry of the Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje". The hybrids were grown at a total of four locations, one in Srem (Autonomous Province of Vojvodina) and three in Central Serbia. The hybrid 7001 was used as a standard. The selection of hybrids for this research was made on the basis of the actuality of individual hybrids and the market orientation of the Maize Research Institute. The following properties were investigated: dry matter content, lignocellulose fiber content, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of the whole plant. According to the achieved results, it can be concluded that hybrids ZP 707, ZP 7357, followed by ZP 7777 proved to be the maize genotypes highly preferable for the production of silage. All tested hybrids achieved better results than the standard in most locations. Hybrid ZP 707 on average had the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility (61.43 ± 1.86%), as well as the lowest content of all lignocellulosic fibers (NDF-52.76%, ADF-24.40%, ADL-2.58, hemicellulose-28.36, and cellulose-21.82%), which all indicates its potential as a silage maize form suitable for cultivation in different agro-ecological conditions. In terms of digestibility and dry matter content, the ZP 707 hybrid can be singled out as the most stable, i.e. it is appropriate for growing both in lowland areas and at higher altitudes. ZP 6263 proved to be the most inferior hybrid at most locations, while based on in vitro digestibility and dry matter content, ZP 7072 hybrid varied the most. The digestibility of the whole plant was negatively affected by the higher content of primarily lignin (ADL), followed by ADF and cellulose fraction share. Although it is optimal to harvest silage maize in the waxy maturi

Kukuruz (Zea Mays L.) je najznačajnija ratarska kultura u Republici Srbiji, koja se gaji na oko milion hektara godišnje. Soja crnog zrna (Glycine max) se vekovima koristila u tradicionalnoj istočnjačkoj medicini za pripremu čajeva i fermetisanih proizvoda visokog antiokisdativnog kapaciteta. Semenjača crne soje ima visok sadržaj antocijanina: cijanidina, delfinidina i pelargonidina u obliku 3-O-glukozida. Antioksidativna svojstva ovih jedinjenja pozitivno utiču na regulisanje telesne mase i prevenciju dijabetesa, smanjuju rizik od obolevanja različitim bolestima kao što su ateroskleroza, rak, dijabetes, ishemija, i neurodegenerativni poremećaji. Proizvodi obogaćeni antocijanima iz semenjače crne soje mogu pozitivno uticati na zdravlje konzumenata, dok se iskorišćenjem sojine semenjače, sporednog proizvoda iz prerade soje, dodatno se valorizuje ova sirovina. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se optimizuje proces ekstrakcije antocijana iz semenjače crne soje kako bi se konzervisani proizvodi od kukuruza dodatno obogatili bioaktivnim jedinjenjima. U eksperimentima je primenjeno nekoliko postupaka ekstrakcije: topla ekstrakcija uz zagrevanje na magnetnoj mešalici, ekstrakcija sa ultrazvučnim tretmanom, kao i hladna ekstrakcija. U eksperimentima je za ekstrakciju korišćena sirćetna kiselina koncentracije 1,6% i 0,8% uz dodatak mlečne (1 ili 1,5%) i/ili limunske kiseline (0,5 ili 1%) kao stabilizatora. Ekstrakcija uz zagrevanje – „topla“ ekstrakcija vršena je na magnetnoj mešalici na temeperaturi od 50˚C u trajanju od 60 minuta. Ekstrakcija bez zagrevanja – „hladna“ ekstrakcija, vršena je u tresilici kako bi se izbegla termička razgradnja bioaktivnih jedinjenja, međutim ova metoda ekstrakcije se pokazala kao najmanje efikasna. Ekstrakcija u ultrazvučnom kupatilu je primenjivana kako bi se sojina semenjača što brže razgradila i dostupnost antocijanina povećala. Ekstrakcija sa zagrevanjem se pokazala kao najpogodnija za dobijanje višeg prinosa antocijana. Najviši prinos anto, Maize (Zea Mays L.) is the most important field crop in the Republic of Serbia, which is grown on about one million hectares per year. Black soybean (Glycine max) has been used for centuries in traditional Eastern medicine for the preparation of teas and fermented products with high antioxidant capacity. Black soybean seed coat has a high content of anthocyanins: cyanidin, delphinidin and pelargonidine in the form of 3-O-glucoside. The antioxidant properties of these compounds have a positive effect on weight regulation and prevention of diabetes, reduce the risk of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, ischemia, and neurodegenerative disorders. Products enriched with anthocyanins from black soybean seed coat can have a positive effect on the health of consumers, while the use of soybean seed coat, a by-product from soybean processing, additionally valorizes this raw material. The aim of this study was to optimize the process of anthocyanin extraction from black soybean seed in order to further enrich canned corn products with bioactive compounds. Several extraction procedures were applied in the experiments: warm extraction with heating on a magnetic stirrer, extraction with ultrasonic treatment, as well as cold extraction. In the experiments, 1.6% and 0.8% acetic acid were used for extraction with the addition of lactic (1 or 1.5%) and/or citric acid (0.5 or 1%) as stabilizers. Heated extraction - "warm" extraction was performed on a magnetic stirrer at a temperature of 50˚C for 60 minutes. Extraction without heating - "cold" extraction, was performed in a shaker to avoid thermal decomposition of bioactive compounds, but this method of extraction proved to be the least effective. Extraction in an ultrasonic bath was applied in order to decompose soybean seeds as quickly as possible and increase the availability of anthocyanins. Heated extraction has been shown to be most suitable for higher anthocyanin yields. The highest yield of anthocyanin

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most grown cereal crop in the world, after wheat and rice. Immature dehusked maize ears harvested before fertilization, within 2-4 days after white silk emergence are classified as baby corn. The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of baby corn cobs obtained from different maize hybrids for their enrichment with anthocyanins extracted from the black soybean seed coats. Three different maize hybrids, namely, a popcorn hybrid ZP 6119k, a sweet hybrid ZP 553su, a semi-flint with a short vegetation period (105 days) ZP 161, as well as black soybean genotype “Black Tokyo”, were used in this study. Plant material was grown in the experimental field of the Maize Research Institute at the location of Zemun Polje, Serbia in 2021. Maize was harvested after the emergence of silk from the ears (silking stage), while soybean plants were harvested in the stage of full maturity (R8). The baby maize cobs differed in length (9.5-20.0 cm) and girth (12-21 mm), the number of kernel rows (12-20), color, and length of the silk outside the husk (3-7 cm). Soybean seeds were manually dehulled and seed coat was ground in a laboratory mill prior to the extraction of anthocyanins. After dehusking and measuring, the baby corn cobs were washed and blanched for two minutes in boiling water, and then cooled. Subsequently, the baby corn cobs were immersed in a marinating brine enriched with anthocyanins extracted from the seed coat of black soybean, pasteurized, and kept in closed glass jars in a cool dry place for 30 days. After chemical and sensory analyzes, the product obtained from popcorn hybrid ZP 6119k was chosen as the most suitable for the preparation of the marinated baby corn product enriched with anthocyanins from black soybean

Soybean is one of the most economically important grain crops. As the source of plant protein and vegetable oil, it is widely used as food and industrial crop. Quality of soybean oil is determined by fatty acid (FA) composition. Biochemical variation of different varieties significantly facilitates genetic screening of kernel traits and grain quality attributes, thus leading to one of the most important breeding strategies - improvement of the grain composition. The main objective of this work was to evaluate whole kernel biochemical composition of eight soybean varieties and eight lines from different breeding programs. Phytochemical characterization was conducted for total protein and oil content, as well as for fatty acids content (e.g. palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid). According to Kjedahl method, total protein content ranged from 37.01% to 39.91%. The obtained results showed that the lowest and the highest values for oil content were 19.00% and 21.34%, respectively. Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) was used for FA quantification and determination. The most abundant FA was linoleic acid with a range from 47.45 to 55.7 g/100g, followed by oleic acid with detected rage from 22.59 to 29.07 g/100g of total FA content. Palmitic, linolenic and stearic FA showed a significantly lower level varied from 9.57 to 11.51 g/100g, 5.42 to 7.18 g/100g and 3.73 to 5.86 g/100g, respectively. This variability observed in kernel quality among soybean genotypes can provide valuable information for future breeding.

Multivariate analysis is a frequently used approach in breeding studies. Applied to multiple trait data, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) gives an opportunity to graphically display the relationships between important agronomic traits, evaluate the varieties on the basis of multiple traits, identify valuable breeding sources and recommend possible selection strategies. This study was conducted to evaluate agronomic performance of 31 early varieties (maturity group 0) from the soybean collection of the Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje" (Belgrade, Serbia). PCA analysis was applied to identify the best performing genotypes considering multiple traits (seed yield, major yield components and parameters of technological quality of grain), and to determine the level of trait interdependence. Genotypes were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications during two years (2011 and 2012) at two locations in Serbia (Zemun Polje and Pančevo). An analysis of variance (mixed model) exhibited significant effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype × environment (G × E) for most of the traits. According to PCA biplot, seed yield per plant was in positive correlation with number of seeds and pods per plant, indicating that those yield components could be effective selection criteria in breeding for seed yield. Comparison of early-maturing genotypes based on multiple traits revealed two varieties with above-average seed yield per plant and four varieties with high oil and above average protein content, which could be used as potential parents in breeding for important agronomic traits in future breeding programs.

Sweet maize cob (SMC) and black soya bean seed coat (BSC) were used to prepare a sweet spread. Chemical composition of the prepared spread and its rheological and sensory characteristics were investigated. The results were compared with those of commercial plum and raspberry jams and spreads. Spreads made from SMC and BSC had the highest content of proteins, total fibres, hemicellulose and cellulose. In relation to fruit jams, they are distinguished by the presence and content of p-coumaric, ferulic and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids, as well as of flavonoids such as catechin and quercetin. SMC spread with 3.2% of BSC had the highest content of total anthocyanins (666.75 mg CGE kg 1) (cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent). Cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3-Glu) was the most abundant anthocyanins in SMC/BSC containing spreads, while in raspberry jam, that was cyanidin-3-sophoroside (Cy-3-Sop). According to chemical, rheological and sensory properties, SMC/BSC containing spreads could be competitive with fruit jams and spreads.

Soybean, as a plant species, is native to regions with conditions favourable of humidity and temperatures for its growth and development. The expansion of the soybean growing area resulted in requirements of varieties with higher tolerance and more stable grain yield under drought conditions. In order to develop high yielding varieties, the method of full-sib (FS) selection was applied in this study, as one of many methods of recurrent selection. The basic principle of recurrent selection is a cyclic selection, with the aim to accumulate favourable alleles. Three most yielding F2:3 sister lines obtained from the crossing combination of varieties Kunitz and Kador, were used for two combinations. Progenies of two FS crossing combinations were tested in two locations during two years (2011 with more favourable and 2012 with less favourable precipitation distribution). The values of grain yield per plant, the most important components of yield and morphological traits decreased under less favourable conditions. The highest decrease was recorded in the number of pods and the number of grains per plant, whereas the lowest decrease was found for the 1000-grain weight. Regardless of the relatedness of the tested material, significant differences in response to drought were observed not only between two FS progenies, but also within progenies of each combination. Soybean grain yield is a complex trait strongly affected by environmental conditions. Under unfavourable conditions, the reductions in the following traits were observed in progenies of two sister combinations: grain yield per plant (26.5-36.0% and 25.6-42.7%), number of pods per plant (18.6-33.0% and 12.6-38.2%) and the number of grains per plant (18.1-30.2% and 14.3-37.6%). Three progenies of FS crossings with the lowest yield reduction were identified as suitable initial material for the development of varieties with higher tolerance to drought conditions., Soja, kao biljna vrsta, potiče iz regiona sa povoljnim uslovima vlage i temperature za njen rast i razviće. Sa širenjem areala gajenja soje, nastala je potreba za sortama sa većom tolerancijom i stabilnijim prinosima zrna u uslovima suše. U cilju stvaranja prinosnih sorti, za formiranje materijala u ovom radu, korišćena je metoda ukrštanja u punom srodstvu (FS) koja pripada metodama rekurentne selekcije. Osnovni princip ove grupe metoda su ukrštanja u ciklusima u cilju akumulacije poželjnih gena. Iz kombinacije ukrštanja sorti Kunitz i Kador, odabrane su tri najprinosnije F2:3 linije, za dve FS kombinacije ukrštanja. Potomstva dve FS kombinacije ukrštanja su na dve lokacije u toku dve godine (2011 sa povoljnijim i 2012 sa manje povoljnim rasporedom padavina). Vrednosti prinosa zrna po biljci, najvažnijih komponenti prinosa i morfoloških osobina su se smanjile u manje povoljnim uslovima. Najviše se smanjio broj mahuna i broj zrna po biljci a najmanje masa 1000 zrna. Bez obzira na srodnost testiranog materijala, uočene su značajne razlike reakcije na sušu, kako između dva FS potomstva, tako i unutar potomstava svake kombinacije. Prinos zrna soje je kompleksna osobina pod jakim uticajem uslova spoljne sredine. U nepovoljnim uslovima kod potomstava dve sestrinske kombinacije ukrštanja, došlo je do smanjenja prinosa zrna po biljci od 26.5-36,0% i 25,6-42.7%, broja mahuna po biljci od 18.6-33.0% i 12.6-38.2%, broja zrna po biljci od 18.1-30,2% i 14.3-37.6%. Identifikovana su tri potomstva iz FS ukrštanja sa najmanjim smanjenjem prinosa pogodna kao početni materijal za stvaranje linija i sorti sa većom tolerancijom prema uslovima suše.