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7. List of Contributors

Author

Ahmad, A., primary, Ankrah, R., additional, Aziz, M.A., additional, Aziz, M.H., additional, Aziz, S.W., additional, Bassi, G., additional, Burke, M., additional, Chambers, A.F., additional, Chandradas, S., additional, Chanvorachote, P., additional, Chin, J.L., additional, Chitale, D., additional, Chunhacha, P., additional, Debiec, K., additional, El-Tanani, M., additional, El-Tanani, S., additional, Foster, P.J., additional, Frenette, C.T., additional, Garancini, M., additional, Garcia-Diez, I., additional, Gonzalez, M., additional, Iwata, S., additional, Krampera, M., additional, Krueger, T., additional, Li, D.-Q., additional, Loadman, P.M., additional, Lonardo, E., additional, Martinelli, P., additional, Miler, S.F., additional, Morgan, R., additional, Muller, J.M., additional, Murrell, D.H., additional, Nathanson, S.D., additional, Nicholson, C., additional, Nwabo Kamdje, A.H., additional, Pattterson, L., additional, Perentes, J.Y., additional, Perera, F., additional, Pinotti, E., additional, Plock, J.A., additional, Romano, F., additional, Rosso, K., additional, Rudland, P.S., additional, Seke Etet, P.F., additional, Shao, Z.-M., additional, Shiozawa, Y., additional, Siddiqui, K.M., additional, Skillin, C.B., additional, Takam Kamga, P., additional, Thomas, C.Y., additional, Toll, A., additional, Tran, K.-C., additional, Tsuji, W., additional, Uggeri, F., additional, Vecchio, L., additional, Vela, I., additional, Williams, E.D., additional, Wydmanski, J., additional, and Zubair, H., additional

Published
2017
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8. Brain Metastasis

Author

Murrell, D.H., primary, Perera, F., additional, Chambers, A.F., additional, and Foster, P.J., additional

Published
2017
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9. Molecular Epidemiology of Environmental Carcinogenesis

Author

Perera, F. P., Schlag, P. M., editor, Senn, H.-J., editor, Diehl, V., editor, Parkin, D. M., editor, Rajewsky, M. F., editor, Rubens, R., editor, Wannenmacher, M., editor, Schwab, Manfred, editor, Rabes, Hartmut M., editor, Munk, Klaus, editor, and Hofschneider, Hans Peter, editor

Published
1998
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14. Guidelines for Modeling and Reporting Health Effects of Climate Change Mitigation Actions

Author

Hess, JJ, Ranadive, N, Boyer, C, Aleksandrowicz, L, Anenberg, SC, Aunan, K, Belesova, K, Bell, ML, Bickersteth, S, Bowen, K, Burden, M, Campbell-Lendrum, D, Carlton, E, Cisse, G, Cohen, F, Dai, H, Dangour, AD, Dasgupta, P, Frumkin, H, Gong, P, Gould, RJ, Haines, A, Hales, S, Hamilton, I, Hasegawa, T, Hashizume, M, Honda, Y, Horton, DE, Karambelas, A, Kim, H, Kim, SE, Kinney, PL, Kone, I, Knowlton, K, Lelieveld, J, Limaye, VS, Liu, Q, Madaniyazi, L, Martinez, ME, Mauzerall, DL, Milner, J, Neville, T, Nieuwenhuijsen, M, Pachauri, S, Perera, F, Pineo, H, Remais, JV, Saari, RK, Sampedro, J, Scheelbeek, P, Schwartz, J, Shindell, D, Shyamsundar, P, Taylor, TJ, Tonne, C, Van Vuuren, D, Wang, C, Watts, N, West, JJ, Wilkinson, P, Wood, SA, Woodcock, J, Woodward, A, Xie, Y, Zhang, Y, Ebi, KL, Hess, JJ, Ranadive, N, Boyer, C, Aleksandrowicz, L, Anenberg, SC, Aunan, K, Belesova, K, Bell, ML, Bickersteth, S, Bowen, K, Burden, M, Campbell-Lendrum, D, Carlton, E, Cisse, G, Cohen, F, Dai, H, Dangour, AD, Dasgupta, P, Frumkin, H, Gong, P, Gould, RJ, Haines, A, Hales, S, Hamilton, I, Hasegawa, T, Hashizume, M, Honda, Y, Horton, DE, Karambelas, A, Kim, H, Kim, SE, Kinney, PL, Kone, I, Knowlton, K, Lelieveld, J, Limaye, VS, Liu, Q, Madaniyazi, L, Martinez, ME, Mauzerall, DL, Milner, J, Neville, T, Nieuwenhuijsen, M, Pachauri, S, Perera, F, Pineo, H, Remais, JV, Saari, RK, Sampedro, J, Scheelbeek, P, Schwartz, J, Shindell, D, Shyamsundar, P, Taylor, TJ, Tonne, C, Van Vuuren, D, Wang, C, Watts, N, West, JJ, Wilkinson, P, Wood, SA, Woodcock, J, Woodward, A, Xie, Y, Zhang, Y, and Ebi, KL

Abstract

Modeling suggests that climate change mitigation actions can have substantial human health benefits that accrue quickly and locally. Documenting the benefits can help drive more ambitious and health-protective climate change mitigation actions; however, documenting the adverse health effects can help to avoid them. Estimating the health effects of mitigation (HEM) actions can help policy makers prioritize investments based not only on mitigation potential but also on expected health benefits. To date, however, the wide range of incompatible approaches taken to developing and reporting HEM estimates has limited their comparability and usefulness to policymakers.

Published
2020

15. Guidelines for modeling and reporting health effects of climate change mitigation actions

Author

Hess, J. J., Ranadive, N., Boyer, C., Aleksandrowicz, L., Anenberg, S. C., Aunan, K., Belesova, K., Bell, M. L., Bickersteth, S., Bowen, K., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Burden, M., Carlton, E., Cissé, G., Cohen, F., Dai, H., Dangour, A. D., Dasgupta, P., Frumkin, H., Gong, P., Gould, R. J., Haines, A., Hales, S., Hamilton, I., Hasegawa, T., Hashizume, M., Honda, Y., Horton, D. E., Karambelas, A., Kim, H., Kim, S. E., Kinney, P. L., Knowlton, K., Kone, I., Lelieveld, J., Limaye, V. S., Madaniyazi, L., Liu, Q., Mauzerall, D. L., Martínez, M. E., Milner, J., Neville, T., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Pachauri, S., Perera, F., Pineo, H., Remais, J. V., Saari, R. K., Scheelbeek, P., Sampedro, J., Schwartz, J., Shindell, D., Shyamsundar, P., Taylor, T. J., Tonne, C., Van Vuuren, D., Wang, D., Watts, N., West, J. J., Wilkinson, P., Woodcock, J, Wood, S. A., Woodward, A., Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., Ebi, K. L., Hess, J. J., Ranadive, N., Boyer, C., Aleksandrowicz, L., Anenberg, S. C., Aunan, K., Belesova, K., Bell, M. L., Bickersteth, S., Bowen, K., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Burden, M., Carlton, E., Cissé, G., Cohen, F., Dai, H., Dangour, A. D., Dasgupta, P., Frumkin, H., Gong, P., Gould, R. J., Haines, A., Hales, S., Hamilton, I., Hasegawa, T., Hashizume, M., Honda, Y., Horton, D. E., Karambelas, A., Kim, H., Kim, S. E., Kinney, P. L., Knowlton, K., Kone, I., Lelieveld, J., Limaye, V. S., Madaniyazi, L., Liu, Q., Mauzerall, D. L., Martínez, M. E., Milner, J., Neville, T., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Pachauri, S., Perera, F., Pineo, H., Remais, J. V., Saari, R. K., Scheelbeek, P., Sampedro, J., Schwartz, J., Shindell, D., Shyamsundar, P., Taylor, T. J., Tonne, C., Van Vuuren, D., Wang, D., Watts, N., West, J. J., Wilkinson, P., Woodcock, J, Wood, S. A., Woodward, A., Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., and Ebi, K. L.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Modeling suggests that climate change mitigation actions can have substantial human health benefits that accrue quickly and locally. Documenting the benefits can help drive more ambitious and health-protective climate change mitigation actions; however, documenting the adverse health effects can help to avoid them. Estimating the health effects of mitigation (HEM) actions can help policy makers prioritize investments based not only on mitigation potential but also on expected health benefits. To date, however, the wide range of incompatible approaches taken to developing and reporting HEM estimates has limited their comparability and usefulness to policymakers. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this effort was to generate guidance for modeling studies on scoping, estimating, and reporting population health effects from climate change mitigation actions. METHODS: An expert panel of HEM researchers was recruited to participate in developing guidance for conducting HEM studies. The primary literature and a synthesis of HEM studies were provided to the panel. Panel members then participated in a modified Delphi exercise to identify areas of consensus regarding HEM estimation. Finally, the panel met to review and discuss consensus findings, resolve remaining differences, and generate guidance regarding conducting HEM studies. RESULTS: The panel generated a checklist of recommendations regarding stakeholder engagement: HEM modeling, including model structure, scope and scale, demographics, time horizons, counterfactuals, health response functions, and metrics; parameterization and reporting; approaches to uncertainty and sensitivity analysis; accounting for policy uptake; and discounting. DISCUSSION: This checklist provides guidance for conducting and reporting HEM estimates to make them more comparable and useful for policymakers. Harmonization of HEM estimates has the potential to lead to advances in and improved synthesis of policy-relevant research that can info

Published
2020

16. Guidelines for Modeling and Reporting Health Effects of Climate Change Mitigation Actions

Author

Hess, J.J., Ranadive, N., Boyer, C., Aleksandrowicz, L., Anenberg, S.C., Aunan, K., Belesova, K., Bell, M.L., Bickersteth, S., Bowen, K., Burden, M., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Carlton, E., Cissé, G., Cohen, F., Dai, H., Dangour, A.D., Dasgupta, P., Frumkin, H., Gong, P., Gould, R.J., Haines, A., Hales, S., Hamilton, I., Hasegawa, T., Hashizume, M., Honda, Y., Horton, D.E., Karambelas, A., Kim, H., Kim, S.E., Kinney, P.L., Kone, I., Knowlton, K., Lelieveld, J., Limaye, V.S., Liu, Q., Madaniyazi, L., Martinez, M.E., Mauzerall, D.L., Milner, J., Neville, T., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Pachauri, S., Perera, F., Pineo, H., Remais, J.V., Saari, R.K., Sampedro, J., Scheelbeek, P., Schwartz, J., Shindell, D., Shyamsundar, P., Taylor, T.J., Tonne, C., Van Vuuren, D., Wang, C., Watts, N., West, J.J., Wilkinson, P., Wood, S.A., Woodcock, J., Woodward, A., Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., Ebi, K.L., Hess, J.J., Ranadive, N., Boyer, C., Aleksandrowicz, L., Anenberg, S.C., Aunan, K., Belesova, K., Bell, M.L., Bickersteth, S., Bowen, K., Burden, M., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Carlton, E., Cissé, G., Cohen, F., Dai, H., Dangour, A.D., Dasgupta, P., Frumkin, H., Gong, P., Gould, R.J., Haines, A., Hales, S., Hamilton, I., Hasegawa, T., Hashizume, M., Honda, Y., Horton, D.E., Karambelas, A., Kim, H., Kim, S.E., Kinney, P.L., Kone, I., Knowlton, K., Lelieveld, J., Limaye, V.S., Liu, Q., Madaniyazi, L., Martinez, M.E., Mauzerall, D.L., Milner, J., Neville, T., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Pachauri, S., Perera, F., Pineo, H., Remais, J.V., Saari, R.K., Sampedro, J., Scheelbeek, P., Schwartz, J., Shindell, D., Shyamsundar, P., Taylor, T.J., Tonne, C., Van Vuuren, D., Wang, C., Watts, N., West, J.J., Wilkinson, P., Wood, S.A., Woodcock, J., Woodward, A., Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., and Ebi, K.L.

Abstract

Background: Modeling suggests that climate change mitigation actions can have substantial human health benefits that accrue quickly and locally. Documenting the benefits can help drive more ambitious and health-protective climate change mitigation actions; however, documenting the adverse health effects can help to avoid them. Estimating the health effects of mitigation (HEM) actions can help policy makers prioritize investments based not only on mitigation potential but also on expected health benefits. To date, however, the wide range of incompatible approaches taken to developing and reporting HEM estimates has limited their comparability and usefulness to policymakers. Objective: The objective of this effort was to generate guidance for modeling studies on scoping, estimating, and reporting population health effects from climate change mitigation actions. Methods: An expert panel of HEM researchers was recruited to participate in developing guidance for conducting HEM studies. The primary literature and a synthesis of HEM studies were provided to the panel. Panel members then participated in a modified Delphi exercise to identify areas of consensus regarding HEM estimation. Finally, the panel met to review and discuss consensus findings, resolve remaining differences, and generate guidance regarding conducting HEM studies. Results: The panel generated a checklist of recommendations regarding stakeholder engagement: HEM modeling, including model structure, scope and scale, demographics, time horizons, counterfactuals, health response functions, and metrics; parameterization and reporting; approaches to uncertainty and sensitivity analysis; accounting for policy uptake; and discounting. Discussion: This checklist provides guidance for conducting and reporting HEM estimates to make them more comparable and useful for policymakers. Harmonization of HEM estimates has the potential to lead to advances in and improved synthesis of policy-relevant research that can info

Published
2020

35. Abstract GS4-03: RAPID: A randomized trial of accelerated partial breast irradiation using 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT)

Author

Whelan, T, primary, Julian, J, additional, Levine, M, additional, Berrang, T, additional, Kim, D-H, additional, Gu, CS, additional, Germain, I, additional, Nichol, A, additional, Akra, M, additional, Lavertu, S, additional, Germain, F, additional, Fyles, A, additional, Trotter, T, additional, Perera, F, additional, Balkwill, S, additional, Chafe, S, additional, McGowan, T, additional, Muanza, T, additional, Beckham, W, additional, Chua, B, additional, and Olivotto, I, additional

Published
2019
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41. Future perspectives on molecular epidemiology

Author

Smith, M. T., Hainaut, P., Perera, F., Schulte, P. A., Boffetta, P., Chanock, S. J., Rothman, N., Rothman N, Hainaut P, Schulte P, Smith M, Boffetta P, Perera F, Smith, M.T., Hainaut, P., Perera, F., Schulte, P.A., Boffetta, P., Chanock, S.J., and Rothman, N.

Subjects
Future perspective, molecular epidemiology
Abstract

Molecular epidemiology is poised to make ever-greater contributions to understanding the genetic and environmental causes of human disease. Both agnostic and hypothesis-driven approaches to both categories of risk factors could lead to leaps in our understanding. Investment in new methods and approaches will be needed, however. Strong links between population scientists, bench scientists, bioinformaticians and engineers must also be fo rged if progress is to be made.

Published
2011

42. Bulky DNA Adducts in White Blood Cells: A Pooled Analysis of 3,600 Subjects

Author

Ricceri, F., Godschalk, R.W., Peluso, M., Phillips, D.H., Agudo, A, Georgiadis, P., Loft, S., Tjonneland, A., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Palli, D., Perera, F., Vermeulen, R., Taioli, E., Sram, R.J., Munnia, A., Rosa, F., Allione, A., Matullo, G., Vineis, P., Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, and Dep IRAS

Subjects
Male, Epidemiology, DNA damage, white blood cells, Air pollution, Physiology, Biology, Article, Adduct, DNA Adducts, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, DNA adduct, Leukocytes, Humans, Gene, Carcinogen, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, DNA adducts, Seasonality, 3. Good health, White (mutation), Oncology, chemistry, pooled analysis, healthy subjects, 13. Climate action, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Seasons, Body mass index, DNA
Abstract

Background: Bulky DNA adducts are markers of exposure to genotoxic aromatic compounds, which reflect the ability of an individual to metabolically activate carcinogens and to repair DNA damage. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a major class of carcinogens that are capable of forming such adducts. Factors that have been reported to be related to DNA adduct levels include smoking, diet, body mass index (BMI), genetic polymorphisms, the season of collection of biologic material, and air pollutants. Methods: We pooled 11 studies (3,600 subjects) in which bulky DNA adducts were measured in human white blood cells with similar 32P-postlabeling techniques and for which a similar set of variables was available, including individual data on age, gender, ethnicity, batch, smoking habits, BMI, and season of blood collection, and a limited set of gene variants. Results: Lowest DNA adduct levels (P = 0.006) were observed in the spring (median = 0.50 adducts per 108 nucleotides), followed by summer (0.64), autumn (0.70), and winter (0.85). The same pattern emerged in multivariate analysis but only among never smokers (P = 0.02). Adduct levels were significantly lower (P = 0.001) in northern Europe (the Netherlands and Denmark; mean = 0.60, median = 0.40) than in southern Europe (Italy, Spain, France, and Greece; mean = 0.79, median = 0.60). Conclusions: In this large pooled analysis, we have found only weak associations between bulky DNA adducts and exposure variables. Seasonality (with higher adducts levels in winter) and air pollution may partly explain some of the interarea differences (north vs. south Europe), but most inter-area and interindividual variations in adduct levels still remain unexplained. Impact: Our study describes the largest pooled analysis of bulky DNA adducts so far, showing that interindividual variation is still largely unexplained, though seasonality seems to play a role. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(12); 3174–81. ©2010 AACR.

Published
2010
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43. Molecular epidemiology: linking molecular scale insights to population impacts

Author

Schulte, P. A., Rothman, N., Hainaut, P., Smith, M. T., Boffetta, P., Perera, F. P., Rothman N, Hainaut P, Schulte P, Smith M, Boffetta P, Perera F, Schulte, P.A., Rothman, N., Hainaut, P., Smith, M.T., Boffetta, P., and Perera, F.P.

Subjects
Molecular epidemiology, molecular scale insight, population impacts
Abstract

In a broad sense, molecular epidemiology is the axis that unites insights at the molecular level and understanding of disease at the population level. It is also a partnership between epidemiologists and laboratory scientists in which investigations are conducted using the principles of both disciplines. A key trait of molecular epidemiology is to evaluate and establish the relationship between a biomarker and important exogenous and endogenous exposures, susceptibility, or disease, providing understanding that can be used in future research and public health and clinical practice. When potential solutions or interventions are identified, molecular epidemiology is also useful in developing and conducting clinical and intervention trials. It can then contribute to the translation of biomedical research into practical public health and clinical applications by addressing the medical and population implications of molecular phenomena in terms of reducing risk of disease. This chapter summarizes the contributions and research endeavours of molecular epidemiology and how they link with public health initiatives and clinical practice.

Published
2011

44. DNA adducts and cancer risk in prospective studies: a pooled analysis and a meta-analysis

Author

Veglia F, Loft S, Matullo G, Peluso M, Munnia A, Perera F, Phillips DH, Tang D, Autrup H, Raaschou Nielsen O, Tjønneland A, PANICO, SALVATORE, Vineis P, Genair EPIC Investigators, Veglia, F, Loft, S, Matullo, G, Peluso, M, Munnia, A, Perera, F, Phillips, Dh, Tang, D, Autrup, H, Raaschou Nielsen, O, Tjønneland, A, Panico, Salvatore, Vineis, P, and Genair EPIC, Investigators

Subjects
Oncology, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Lung Neoplasms, DNA Repair, Cohort Studies, DNA Adducts, Internal medicine, Neoplasms, Odds Ratio, Medicine, Humans, cancer, Longitudinal Studies, Risk factor, Lung cancer, Prospective cohort study, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Smoking, Case-control study, Age Factors, Cancer, DNA adducts, pooled meta-analysis, prospective study, General Medicine, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Europe, Meta-analysis, Case-Control Studies, Female, business, DNA Damage
Abstract

Bulky DNA adducts are biomarkers of exposure to aromatic compounds and of the ability of the individual to metabolically activate carcinogens and to repair DNA damage. Their ability to predict cancer onset is uncertain. We have performed a pooled analysis of three prospective studies on cancer risk in which bulky DNA adducts have been measured in blood samples collected from healthy subjects (N = 1947; average follow-up 51-137 months). In addition, we have performed a meta-analysis by identifying all articles on the same subject published up to the end of 2006, including case-control studies. In the pooled analysis, a weakly statistically significant increase in the risk of lung cancer was apparent (14% per unit standard deviation change in adduct levels, 95% confidence interval 1-28%; using the weighted mean difference method, 0.15 SD, units higher adducts in cases than in controls). The association was evident only in current smokers and was absent in former smokers. Also the meta-analysis, which included both lung and bladder cancers, showed a statistically significant association in current smokers, whereas the results in never smokers were equivocal; in former smokers, no association was detected. The results of our pooled and meta-analyses suggest that bulky DNA adducts are associated with lung cancer arising in current smokers after a follow-up of several years. European Union (FOOD-CT-2005-513943) (WP4-8) to Environmental Cancer Risk, nutrition and individual susceptibility Network of Excellence (EC CONTRACT Food-CT-2005-513943).

Published
2008

45. IARC monographs: 40 years of evaluating carcinogenic hazards to humans

Author

Pearce, N., Blair, A., Vineis, P., Ahrens, W., Andersen, A., Anto, J., Armstrong, B., Baccarelli, A., Beland, F., Berrington, A., Bertazzi, P., Birnbaum, L., Brownson, R., Bucher, J., Cantor, K., Cardis, E., Cherrie, J., Christiani, D., Cocco, P., Coggon, D., Comba, P., Demers, P., Dement, J., Douwes, J., Eisen, E., Engel, L., Fenske, R., Fleming, L., Fletcher, T., Fontham, E., Forastiere, F., Frentzel-Beyme, R., Fritschi, Lin, Gerin, M., Goldberg, M., Grandjean, P., Grimsrud, T., Gustavsson, P., Haines, A., Hartge, P., Hansen, J., Hauptmann, M., Heederik, D., Hemminki, K., Hemon, D., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hoppin, J., Huff, J., Jarvholm, B., Kang, D., Karagas, M., Kjaerheim, K., Kjuus, H., Kogevinas, M., Kriebel, D., Kristensen, P., Kromhout, H., Laden, F., Lebailly, P., Lemasters, G., Lubin, J., Lynch, C., Lynge, E., Mannetje, A., McMichael, A., McLaughlin, J., Marrett, L., Martuzzi, M., Merchant, J., Merler, E., Merletti, F., Miller, A., Mirer, F., Monson, R., Nordby, K., Olshan, A., Parent, M., Perera, F., Perry, M., Pesatori, A., Pirastu, R., Porta, M., Pukkala, E., Rice, C., Richardson, D., Ritter, L., Ritz, B., Ronckers, C., Rushton, L., Rusiecki, J., Rusyn, I., Samet, J., Sandler, D., de Sanjose, S., Schernhammer, E., Costantini, A., Seixas, N., Shy, C., Siemiatycki, J., Silverman, D., Simonato, L., Smith, A., Smith, M., Spinelli, J., Spitz, M., Stallones, L., Stayner, L., Steenland, K., Stenzel, M., Stewart, B., Stewart, P., Symanski, E., Terracini, B., Tolbert, P., Vainio, H., Vena, J., Vermeulen, R., Victora, C., Ward, E., Weinberg, C., Weisenburger, D., Wesseling, C., Weiderpass, E., Zahm, S., Pearce, N., Blair, A., Vineis, P., Ahrens, W., Andersen, A., Anto, J., Armstrong, B., Baccarelli, A., Beland, F., Berrington, A., Bertazzi, P., Birnbaum, L., Brownson, R., Bucher, J., Cantor, K., Cardis, E., Cherrie, J., Christiani, D., Cocco, P., Coggon, D., Comba, P., Demers, P., Dement, J., Douwes, J., Eisen, E., Engel, L., Fenske, R., Fleming, L., Fletcher, T., Fontham, E., Forastiere, F., Frentzel-Beyme, R., Fritschi, Lin, Gerin, M., Goldberg, M., Grandjean, P., Grimsrud, T., Gustavsson, P., Haines, A., Hartge, P., Hansen, J., Hauptmann, M., Heederik, D., Hemminki, K., Hemon, D., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hoppin, J., Huff, J., Jarvholm, B., Kang, D., Karagas, M., Kjaerheim, K., Kjuus, H., Kogevinas, M., Kriebel, D., Kristensen, P., Kromhout, H., Laden, F., Lebailly, P., Lemasters, G., Lubin, J., Lynch, C., Lynge, E., Mannetje, A., McMichael, A., McLaughlin, J., Marrett, L., Martuzzi, M., Merchant, J., Merler, E., Merletti, F., Miller, A., Mirer, F., Monson, R., Nordby, K., Olshan, A., Parent, M., Perera, F., Perry, M., Pesatori, A., Pirastu, R., Porta, M., Pukkala, E., Rice, C., Richardson, D., Ritter, L., Ritz, B., Ronckers, C., Rushton, L., Rusiecki, J., Rusyn, I., Samet, J., Sandler, D., de Sanjose, S., Schernhammer, E., Costantini, A., Seixas, N., Shy, C., Siemiatycki, J., Silverman, D., Simonato, L., Smith, A., Smith, M., Spinelli, J., Spitz, M., Stallones, L., Stayner, L., Steenland, K., Stenzel, M., Stewart, B., Stewart, P., Symanski, E., Terracini, B., Tolbert, P., Vainio, H., Vena, J., Vermeulen, R., Victora, C., Ward, E., Weinberg, C., Weisenburger, D., Wesseling, C., Weiderpass, E., and Zahm, S.

Abstract

Background: Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans. oBjectives: The authors of this Commentary are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We examined criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. Here, we present the results of that examination, review the history of IARC evaluations, and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed. discussion: We concluded that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various disciplines and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed. conclusions: The IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public’s health.

Published
2015

46. The U.S. EPA Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children: a research agenda

Author

Carroquino, M. J., Galson, S. K., Licht, J., Amler, R. W., Perera, F. P., Larry Claxton, and Landrigan, P. J.

Subjects
Research Article
Abstract

On 15-16 September 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children. The conference was convened to examine rising trends in reported incidence of childhood cancer and the association of these trends with environmental exposures. This paper summarizes recommendations for future research offered by participants. These recommendations included more collaborative research integrating epidemiology, molecular biology, toxicology, and risk assessment; the development of better protocols for toxicologic testing including carcinogenicity using young animals; and research focused on specific periods of development during which susceptibility to environmental agents may be enhanced. Also recommended was enhanced use and development of molecular biomarkers for identification of susceptible populations, and documentation of exposures and effects in epidemiologic and toxicologic studies. Although toxicologic testing is considered essential to determine the effects of potential carcinogens on biological organisms, participants emphasized the need to link these findings with epidemiologic and exposure assessment research.

Published
1998

48. Efficacy Outcomes from RTOG 0822: A Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant IMRT with Capecitabine (c) and Oxaliplatin (o) in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Author

Hong, T.S., primary, Moughan, J., additional, Garofalo, M., additional, Bendell, J., additional, Berger, A.C., additional, Oldenburg, N.B., additional, Anne, P.A., additional, Perera, F., additional, Lee, R.J., additional, Jabbour, S.K., additional, Nowlan, A., additional, DeNittis, A.S., additional, and Crane, C.H., additional

Published
2014
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