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The blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 is native to the western coasts of the Atlantic Ocean and is currently considered an invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we examined the stomach contents of C. sapidus to determine the frequency of occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and microfibers (MFs) in the Balearic Islands archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea. A total of 120 individuals were collected from six locations between 2017 and 2020. Overall, 65.8% of the individuals had MPs and/or MFs particles with an average of 1.4 ± 1.6 particles ind. -1 of which an average of 1.0 ± 1.3 items ind. -1 were MFs and an average of 0.4 ± 0.8 items ind. -1 were MPs. In terms of type, fragments were the dominant type of MPs and the most common size of items ranged from between 0.5 and 1 mm (40%) followed by 1-5 mm (31%). The most prevalent polymers were low-density polyethylene (39%) and high-density polyethylene (26%). In terms of links to human activities, MP ingestion was positively correlated with an increase in drain pipes, whereas MF ingestion was positively correlated with an increase in sewage pipelines, providing evidence of potential sources and the bioavailability of these particles in various environments. This study confirms the widespread presence of MP and MF particles, even in areas that are currently managed under different protection statuses, in the stomach contents of invasive blue crab species throughout coastal communities., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Introduction: ACTH-independent Cushing's Syndrome (AICS) accounts for 15-20% of cases of Cushing's syndrome, with <1% due to abnormal receptors. Our aim is to study the presence of abnormal receptors in subjects diagnosed with AICS with nodular adrenal hyperplasia in a 14-year period (2002-2016), as well as its clinical-biological and evolutive characteristics., Material and Methods: A multicentre descriptive study of a 15-case series of AICS with nodular adrenal hyperplasia (study period: 2002-2016). In these cases, abnormal receptor screening was performed by means of stimulation tests, with a plasma cortisol increase of ≥ 25% from baseline being considered pathologic., Results: Of the 15 cases, 13 were female, with a mean age at diagnosis of 56.8 years. In 12 of the 15 cases studied, positivity was detected with stimulation tests, and, of them, 25% were positive for the meal test, 58.3% for posture walking test, 33.3% for desmopressin; 25% for terlipressin; 33.3% for GnRH; 25% for LH and 50% for metoclopramide. Regarding treatment, bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in 16.7% and unilateral adrenalectomy in 41.7%. The rest continue under observation with periodic follow-up (41.7%)., Conclusions: In most of the cases studied with AICS and nodular adrenal hyperplasia (80%), an abnormal cortisol response is detected due to the presence of abnormal receptors. The test with the highest percentage of positivity was the postural walking test (58.3%)., (Copyright © 2019 SEEN y SED. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Endolymphatic sac tumours are uncommon. They have been classified as adenocarcinomas with a low degree of malignancy and no metastases have yet been documented. We report on a female patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease and Ménière's syndrome suffering from an endolymphatic sac tumour. Diagnosis and early treatment are essential to preserve hearing, so long-term monitoring is recommended when this clinical combination is encountered., (Copyright 2008 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

The ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure is a technique designed to allow partial foetal delivery via caesarean section with establishment of a safe foetal airway by either intubation, bronchoscopy, or tracheostomy while foetal oxygenation is maintained through utero-placental circulation. The most common indication for the EXIT procedure is the presence of foetal airway obstruction, which is usually caused by a prenatal diagnosed neck mass. We report three cases of head and neck tumours with airway obstruction treated by means of EXIT and with different solutions in the management of the airway. With the involvement of Paediatric Otolaryngologists in EXIT, new indications and select variations from the standard EXIT protocol should be considered.

Objective: Our study emphasizes the relationship between the temporal bone structures and the mastoid portion of the facial nerve., Material and Methods: Thirty-two temporal bones taken from adult cadavers of both sexes subjected to tympanoplastic procedure were used to make reference measures of the mastoid portion of the facial nerve. Appropriate instruments were used for measurement and statistic analysis was subsequently performed., Results: The digastric ridge presented a positive correlation with the stylomastoid foramen in comparison with the sigmoid sinus (P=.03). There was a correlation between the position of the short apophysis of the incus and the position of the facial nerve (P=.001). The distance from the sigmoid sinus to the mastoid portion of the facial nerve presents a positive linear relationship throughout its length (P< .001). The tympanic membrane presented a positional correlation with the distal portion of the facial nerve (P< .008)., Conclusions: The mastoid portion of the facial nerve is proportional to reference structures in the temporal bone and this may help us to define measures prior to surgical otologic procedures.

The AA. present a rarely encountered case combining a left recurrent palsy due to an sclerosis and hyperostosis of the first costoesternal joint, which improved after an antiinflammatory treatment.

One hundred and ten adult patients suffering from peripheral vertigo were treated in a multifactorial double-blind randomized clinical trial with dotarizine (50 mg b.i.d.) or cinnarizine (75 mg b.i.d.). There was a 60 days clinical follow-up. Results showed that dotarizine was significantly active against the vertigo attacks and its associated symptoms (mainly neurovegetative). The global superiority of dotarizine was confirmed by statistically significant differences between treatments in the improvement of the severity of vertigo, hearing loss in audiometries, global relief of symptoms, disability produced by crises and global assessment by the investigators themselves. No clinically significant unwanted effects were seen in either group on blood pressure, heart rate or analytical parameters. No serious adverse effects to dotarizine were reported. This study confirms the value of dotarizine in the treatment of peripheral vertigo.

A cohort epidemiologic study of second primary tumours appeared in patients diagnosed of laryngeal neoplasms, between years 1988 and 1990, and a follow-up term of 5 years, is presented. An statistical analysis of several data to define a possible high risk group for developing primary tumours was performed for all patients.

The AA. present a retrospective study of all instances diagnosed as mucoceles in the last 15 years (1978-1993) at General University Hospital, Valle de Hebrón. Age of occurrence and sex, foregoing pathologic history, clinical picture, diagnostic tests, treatment and subsequent course of the condition are duly considered and appraised. Our attempt has been to stablish a diagnostic clinical pattern of these conditions, which generally are uncovered through its complications.

The AA. present a study microbiologic and auditive as well about chronic, suppurative otitis media non cholesteatomatous, before and after topical treatment. They contemplate 178 samples of chronic discharging ears which were treated with gentamycin 0.3 %, instillation 5 drops every 8 hours, during 10 days. Twelve days later were newly assessed both the otorrhea and the cochleovestibular picture. Germs most frequently detected: Gram-negative 61.6 %, Gram-positive 19.8 %, associated flora 6.4 % and mycosis 2.2 %, among other. Clinic healing accounted for 97.29 % and not significative differences scored pre--and post-treatment.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the result of partial resection of the soft palate (SPR) as a treatment of the obstructive apnea syndrome during sleep (OASS)., Methods: Fifty-seven patients diagnosed of OASS treated with SPR were studied. The clinical and polysomnographic results prior to surgery and after 6 months were compared., Results: Prior to SPR the 57 patients had a mean index of apnea plus hypopnea per hour of 57 (IAH) and following surgery the same was of 19.2 (p < 0.0001). IAH improved more than 50% in 42 patients (74%), 30 of whom were cured (IAH < or = 10). Daily hypersomnia and snoring disappeared in 58% of the patients and decreased in intensity in most of the remaining cases. The secondary effects observed following SPR were: rhinolalia, nasal fluid reflux, and oropharyngeal disturbances, being present in 32 patients (56%) and permanent, although slight, in only 13 (23%)., Conclusions: Soft palate resection is a good surgical procedure for therapy of obstructive apnea during sleep, with only slight secondary effects.

20 displaced intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Results were evaluated according to a standardized protocol. With an average follow-up of 5 (2-8) years, results were excellent or good in 15 cases and fair or poor in 5 cases. An accurate radiographic study and CT scanning are essential for understanding these fractures. We feel that restoring calcaneal shape as anatomic as possible, getting an appropriate reduction of the posterior joint surface by a surgical procedure with early mobilization, and delayed weight bearing would be a good option in treatment of these fractures.

This prospective protocol for vestibular exploration offers the results gained through 296 patients complaining from vestibular disorders. The aim of the AA. is to check the validity of the test proposed (in the midst of the battery of electronystagmographic explorations), consisting in the thermal bilateral and simultaneous stimulation of the labyrinths. They consider this trial very useful because of its sensibility, quickness and tolerance.

From October 1987 till November 1989 the AA. have studied 40 cases with Sensorineural sudden hypoacusis. The control term varied between 3 months and 2 years. The whole group followed an scheduled prospective protocol with the aim of find out the more significative factors regarding the etiology and prognostic of the process. On the other hand, minimize the cost of explorations, spare nuisances to the patients and select the most reliable methods were the purposes of the AA.

After a bibliographical perusal of the subject, the AA. deals with the main epidemic factors of allergic rhinitis such as frequency, age, sex, race, geographical differences, climatic and seasonal influences, social and economic status, date of birth, duration, links with asthma bronchial and other allergies, etc. The contribution of the AA. is the personal comparative investigation done, during a 3 years period in rural and urban populations of the province of Barcelona.

The AA. consider the X-ray findings verified in 3 groups of subjects: with Hayfiber, with perennial rhinitis and the last one being a control group. The whole figure comprise as well urban or rural inhabitants. The conclusion drawn out is that more 50 per cent of allergic sufferers show radiologic evidences, especially the urban people, probably on account of the cities pollution.