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Objectives: Cri du chat syndrome is a genetic alteration associated with some oral pathologies. However, it has not been described previously any clinical relationship between the periodontal disease and the syndrome. The purpose of this comparative study was to compare periodontopathogenic flora in a group with Cri du chat syndrome and another without the síndrome, to assess a potential microbiological predisposition to suffer a periodontitis., Study Design: The study compared nineteen subjects with Cri du chat Syndrome with a control group of nineteen patients without it. All patients were clinically evaluated by periodontal probing, valuing the pocket depth, the clinical attachmente level and bleeding on probing. There were no significant differences between both groups. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola were detected by multiplex-PCR using 16S rDNA (microIDENT)., Results: When A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and T. denticola were compared, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (p>0.05). The value of T. forsythia was significantly higher for Cri du chat syndrome (31.6%) than for the control group (5.3%). The odds ratio for T. forsythia was 8.3., Conclusion: In the present study T. forsythia is associated with Cri du chat syndrome subjects and not with healthy subjects.

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a frequent iatrogenic problem following orthodontic treatment in endodontically-treated teeth, about which the literature reports substantial variability in post-orthodontic treatment EARR responses. The main focus of the present study is to clarify whether variants in the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene coding for the IL-1ra protein have a positive/negative influence on EARR of endodontically-treated teeth. Ninety-three orthodontic patients were genetically screened for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP:rs419598) in the IL1 cluster. The sample was classified into 2 groups: group 1 (affected-group) showed radiographic EARR of more than 2mm; group 2 (control-group), had no EARR or EARR ≤ to 2mm following orthodontic treatment on root-filled teeth. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain an adjusted estimate between the SNPs studied and EARR. Genotype distributions, allelic frequencies, adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. We found that subjects homozygous [1/1(TT)] for the IL1RN gene [OR:10.85; p=0.001;CI:95%] were at risk of EARR in root-filled teeth. Genetic variants in the antagonist axis balance of the IL1RN (rs419598) have a direct repercussion on the predisposition to post-orthodontic EARR in root-filled teeth. Variants in allele 1 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene(rs419598) are associated(p=0.001**) with an increased risk of suffering post-orthodontic EARR in root-filled teeth.

Sexual pathogens, cell types and morphologic alterations of urethral epithelial cells were investigated by means of the Papanicolaou smear in 110 heterosexual men. Seventy-five patients with urethritis were included: 17 (22.6%) with gonococcal urethritis (GU) and 58 (77.3%) with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). Thirty-five males without symptoms or signs of urethritis comprised the control group. An increase in epithelial cell dissociation was observed in patients with urethritis. Non-specific inflammatory changes were statistically more common in patients with urethritis than in controls, and more severe in GU (65%) than in NGU (15.5%). Nuclear atypia was a common finding (43.5%) in infections due to C. trachomatis. Mucus was associated with the presence of urethritis although no differences regarding etiology were found. No polimorphonuclear neutrophils were observed in the exudate of three patients (5%) with NGU. There was a statistically significant presence of lymphocytes in patients with urethritis, particularly in GU (45%), more frequent than in NGU (15.5%). Erythrocytes were also significantly more frequent in urethritis, with a greater proportion in GU (94%) than in NGU (64%). Plasma cells, eosinophils, and histiocytes were only observed in a few patients with urethritis. The Papanicolaou smear had a sensitivity of 47% and a specificity of 90% in Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

We studied prospectively the cases of diarrhoea that were produced during one year of follow-up in three groups of children (31 newborn, 62 of 1 year and 51 of 2 years) selected randomly from the Civil Register of Sevilla. The incidence of diarrhoea was 47 episodes for every 100 children per year, with a peak of higher incidence detected in July and August. Diarrhoea was more frequent in children of low socioeconomic level. The most common producers of diarrhoea were rotavirus (30%) and enteropathogenic E. coli (12%). The most frequent accompanying symptoms of diarrhoea were anorexia (68%), fever (35%), abdominal pain (32%) and vomiting (30%).