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The purpose of this paper is to compare the strategies of companies with data science practices and methodologies and the data specificities/variables that can influence the definition of a data science strategy in pharma companies. The current paper is an empirical study, and the research approach consists of verifying against a set of statistical tests the differences between companies with a data science strategy and companies without a data science strategy. We have designed a specific questionnaire and applied it to a sample of 280 pharma companies. The main findings are based on the analysis of these variables: overwhelming volume, managing unstructured data, data quality, availability of data, access rights to data, data ownership issues, cost of data, lack of pre-processing facilities, lack of technology, shortage of talent/skills, privacy concerns and regulatory risks, security, and difficulties of data portability regarding companies with a data science strategy and companies without a data science strategy. The paper offers an in-depth comparative analysis between companies with or without a data science strategy, and the key limitation is regarding the literature review as a consequence of the novelty of the theme; there is a lack of scientific studies regarding this specific aspect of data science. In terms of the practical business implications, an organization with a data science strategy will have better direction and management practices as the decision-making process is based on accurate and valuable data, but it needs data scientists skills to fulfil those goals. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

This study analyzes how corporate social responsibility (CSR) influences consumer behavior in the case of the Spanish agrifood sector. The originality of the study resides in the proposed model that explains that CSR influences perceptions of food safety and health, and quality, and that this perceived quality influences consumer behavior, that is, satisfaction and loyalty. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data from 295 personal interviews; satisfactory results were obtained for all the proposed relationships. Therefore, we suggest that, to achieve consumer loyalty, agrifood companies should orient their strategies toward creating sustainable relationships based on CSR actions. Other academic and management implications are proposed to complete the paper. [EconLit Citations: M14, M310, Q13].

espanolEl objetivo de esta investigacion es examinar la importancia del modelo de com- pensacion total en la empresa familiar como elemento esencial para la gestion de los recursos humanos, en linea con la gestion estrategica de la organizacion, para optimizar el compor - tamiento organizacional. Esto se basa en el uso util y eficiente de diferentes herramientas y metodos de compensacion, teniendo en cuenta tanto las diferencias y aspectos comunes de la empresa familiar con respecto a otro tipo de empresas, como su tamano. EnglishThe purpose of this research study is to examine the importance of the total compensation model in family business as an essential element for human resources management, in line with the organisation’s strategic management, in order to optimise organisational behaviour. This is based on the useful and efficient use of different compensation tools and methods, taking into consideration both the differences and common aspects of family businesses with regard to other type of companies, as well as their size.

The literature on the inclusion of students with disabilities in the university setting highlights the great importance of the faculty’s willingness to provide quality accommodations. However, curr...

This research analysed the transformation of hotel rooftops in the historic centre of Palma into new spaces for tourist consumption. Nowadays, tourists are looking for unique and special experiences, which has led tourist destinations to seek new attractions to offer. Rooftops are becoming privileged places and provide a differential experience, leading to an increase in the offer of tourist services on hotel rooftops. This study explored the change of use in hotel rooftops in historic city centres for the commercialization of tourism. In this sense, this research sheds light on the factors that influence the commodification of rooftops and the attributes that are most valued by users in Google Maps and TripAdvisor reviews of their experiences. Furthermore, the transformation of rooftops has not followed a single model of commodification, but different typologies were identified according to uses and access modalities. Finally, implications for the city’s tourism planning and management are presented.

In the last few years, there has been an emphasis on the importance of health literacy (HL) and health education (HE) as basic tools to empower individuals and the community. The increasing interest in HL and HE has been observed through the evolution of publications and the nature of the main trends in the last few years. Knowing how HL and HE have evolved in scientific publications can help us to identify trends and set work priorities in this scope. Based on this, a bibliometric analysis (from 2000 to 2021) was conducted in two phases: first, an analysis was performed on the publications included in the Web of Science (WOS); second, a more specific analysis was conducted on the Core Collection from WOS. The data were analyzed with two software programs, the and Bibliometrix package for RStudio, and VOSviewer to analyze number of publications, citations, authors, collaborations, keywords trends, keywords evolutions and clusters of related terms. A total of 1799 articles were found in the first phase, and 727 in the second. The results from both analyses showed that the publications increased unequally until 2020, and considerably decreased in 2021; however, in spite of this, the number of citations remained constant. Likewise, five word clusters related with HL and HE were identified. D. Nutbeam stood out as the most prolific author on the subject, the USA as the country with the most publications, and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health as having the most articles on the subject. This analysis may be a useful and helpful tool for future studies on the subject. This study has been co-financed under the RETSASO EFA 341/19 Project with FEDER funds. In addition, it has been subsidized by the DOTS University Chair (Chair for the Development of Healthy and Sustainable Organizations and Territoires), approved by agreement No. 193/2017 of the Governing Council of the University of Lleida on 19 July 2017.

Among the most recognized management training methodologies is experiential learning which helps managers to develop self-confidence and better understand organizational problems. Until now, there has not being examined how these procedures affect students of Business Management, with no empirical evidence to substantiate the results in this context. This work contributes to a better understanding of how to develop emotional competencies of Management students, based on a review of the literature on emotional competencies, experiential learning and Outdoor Training. The results of this study were obtained through an experimental design pre-test/post-test/re-test with data from 108 students. It was found that most of those who participated in the program of Outdoor Training significantly improved their emotional competencies, both the personal and the social ones.

The aim of this study was to determine whether a rowing training program could improve cardiac function in women (n = 28) with the mean age of 52.30 ± 3.78 years who survived breast cancer (stage 1: 4.55%, 2: 36.36%, 3: 54.54%, and 4: 4.55%) diagnosed 4.68 ± 3.00 years previously and underwent subsequent surgery (preservation: 56.52%, total mastectomy: 39.13%, and double mastectomy: 4.35%). Participants completed a 12-week training program consisting of three weekly sessions lasting 60–90 min with a progressive intensity increase according to the Börg scale. The assessments performed were blood pressure and pulse measurements both at rest and after performing the six-minute walk test to collect data on cardiac behavior and aerobic performance. The results showed statistically significant differences in cardiovascular system efficiency measured on the basis of heart rate both before (−12.63 ± 14.68 bpm) and after the six-minute walk test (−11.46 ± 28.39 bpm), increase in the distance achieved in the aerobic endurance test (51.56 ± 48.26 m) as well as decrease in diastolic (−13.6 ± 7.85 mm Hg) and systolic (−6.60 ± 9.10 mm Hg) blood pressure. These results suggest that rowing training programs could be a strategy to consider in this population for the benefits observed in heart rate, blood pressure and aerobic performance, which would lead to improved general health and quality of life.

Nowadays one of the main focuses of the Spanish University system is achieving the active learning paradigm in the context of its integration into the European Higher Education Area. This goal is being addressed by means of the application of novel teaching mechanisms. Among a wide variety of learning approaches, the present work focuses on peer review, understood as a collaborative learning technique where students assess other student’s work and provide their own feedback. In this way, peer review has the overarching goal of improving the student learning during this process. Peer review has been successfully applied and analyzed in the literature. Indeed, many authors also recommend improving the design and implementation of self and peer review, which has been our main goal. This paper presents an empirical study based on the application of peer review assessment in different higher education BSc and MSc courses. In this way, six courses from different studies at the University of Malaga in Spain are subject to the application of peer review strategies to promote student learning and develop cross-wise skills such as critical thinking, autonomy and responsibility. Based on these experiences, a deep analysis of the results is performed, showing that a proper application of the peer review methodology provides reliable reviews (with close scores to the ones from the teacher) as well as an improvement in the students’ performance.

This study aims to reflect the strong dynamism of the audiovisual world and film tourism. For this purpose, a comparative analysis is carried out between 2014 and 2020, the latter date being affected by the pandemic caused by Covid-19. This study is based on 888 surveys between the mentioned two years, distributed mainly among respondents from Europe and the United States. The results of the research indicate that there are no changes concerning the knowledge of the film tourism term, but differences are observed in the study period regarding the activities linked to this type of tourism, as well as to motivations and travel intentions driven by films or series. Lastly, changes in the popularity or knowledge of film destinations were observed during the study period. The findings of this research are particularly useful for destination managers.

New methodologies, contexts, and technologies are generating a lot of interest in the field of higher education, and this Special Issue intends to address the current research and trends in all dimensions of higher education. It will serve as a global focal point for the examination and reporting of a wide range of issues affecting higher education learning processes: innovations in learning, new pedagogical methods and new learning contexts. The Special Issue includes original research contributions, such as research papers, case studies and demonstrations with original scientific results, methodological aspects, concepts and educational technologies on the following topics: (a) Technological Developments in Higher Education: mobile technology, virtual environments, augmented reality, automation and robotics and other tools for universal learning, focusing on issues that are not addressed by existing research. (b) Digital Higher Education: mobile learning, eLearning, Game-based Learning, social media in education, new learning models and technologies and wearable technologies for education. (c) Case Studies in Higher Education: empirical studies in higher education regarding digital technologies, new methodologies, new evaluation techniques and tools, perceptions of learning processes efficiency and digital learning best practices. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The aim of this study was to determine whether a rowing training program leads to improvements in physical fitness and body composition in women who have survived breast cancer (53.70 &plusmn, 7.88 years). The participants (n = 30) completed a twelve-week training program consisting of three sessions per week, with each session lasting from sixty to ninety minutes. An anthropometric and general physical fitness assessment was performed before and after the program. The results showed statistically significant improvements in all the physical fitness tests performed: sit and reach (2.82 cm), back scratch, dominant (3.29 cm), back scratch, non-dominant (4.59 cm), counter movement jump (1.91 cm), hand grip, dominant (2.54 kgf), hand grip, non-dominant (2.53 kgf), chair stand (2.56 rep), and six-minute walk (51.56 m). In addition, a significant improvement was observed in the efficiency of the cardiovascular system measured by heart rate, in beats per minute (bpm), both before (&minus, 12.63 bpm) and after the six-minute walk test (&minus, 11.46 bpm). The evaluated body composition parameters also improved, specifically total lean mass (2.18 kg) and the percentage of total body fat (&minus, 2.63%). We can therefore conclude that rowing training programs can be a strategy to be considered for improving physical fitness in this population given the improvement obtained in both anthropometric and physical fitness variables, thus leading to better health and quality of life.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the e ect of the performance of a cause-related marketing action on consumer loyalty by a company. In addition, the study explores the moderating e ect of the publicizing medium. The proposed theoretical model was tested based on data gathered from a face-to-face questionnaire completed by 421 respondents living in a medium-sized city. The results validated the proposed model and showed that the functional and image fit between social actions and companies are key antecedents of perceived corporate ability (CA) and company credibility. It was shown that CA directly influences customer satisfaction, that credibility indirectly influences customer satisfaction through perceived corporate social responsibility, and that satisfaction directly and positively impacts customer loyalty. Moreover, the influence of functional and image fit in the model were shown to be moderated by the type of publicizing medium. Specifically, the e ect of functional fit on corporate ability is greater for traditional media (TM) than for social media (SM). On the other hand, the e ect of image fit on corporate ability is greater for SM than for TM. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PAIDI) de la Junta de Andalucía: Grupo SEJ-567 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of an aerobic training program with a strength training program on body composition and energy expenditure in overweight or obese (29.06 ± 3.49 kg/m2) young adults (21.96 ± 1.90 years). Subjects (N = 109) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group (CG), an aerobic training (AT) group and a strength training (ST) group. Training took place over twelve weeks comprising three sessions per week with each session lasting 60 to 90 minutes. Before and after the program, weight, height, body mass index, lean mass percentage and fat mass percentage were evaluated. In addition, The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to estimate energy expenditure. The results of both aerobic training and strength training produced statistically significant improvements in weight (AT-CG = −2.892 kg; ST-CG = −2.986 kg); BMI (AT-CG = −1.075 kg/m2; ST-CG = −1.118 kg/m2); total body fat (AT-CG = −1529.172 g; ST-CG = −763.815); and total body fat percentage (AT-CG = −1.421%; AT-ST = −0.855%). These two exercise prescription models were therefore useful in reducing overweight and obesity, which could have an impact on improving the health and quality of life of individuals with these characteristics.

The research objective is to analyse the destination image and corporate image of Spain among the Korean university population. We study the moderating effect of the motivation between two potentia...

El crecimiento del sector turistico es actualmente una evidencia y, sobre todo, el aumento de la demanda de los destinos turisticos de interior, como oferta principal y complementaria. Este estudio de investigacion pretende conocer el nivel de satisfaccion generado por aquellos turistas que pernoctan en el destino complementario y si tiene influencia sobre su nivel de fidelizacion y recomendacion del destino. Nuestro caso de estudio esta focalizado en Ronda (Espana). El analisis de los resultados nos permitira una mejor comprension y conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de los turistas en los destinos complementarios, con la intencion de proporcionar informacion a las entidades publico-privadas para la toma de decisiones y mejoras de la calidad del servicio.

The objective of this study is to analyze how the media used to communicate a socially responsible activity influences the perception of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). To do this, an empirical study was conducted with two samples of consumers who were shown an advertisement about a socially responsible activity inserted in either a newspaper or a social network. The data were collected using a personal survey conducted with 623 consumers in Spain and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show that the CSR perceived by the consumer changes depending on the medium used to communicate the socially responsible activity. If the socially responsible activity is communicated in a newspaper, the company-cause congruence influences CSR both directly and indirectly through corporate credibility. However, when communicated on a social network, the relationship is only indirect. In addition, the relationship between corporate credibility and CSR is more intense in the social network than in the newspaper. Moreover, there is corroboration of the influence of the company-cause congruence on perceived corporate ability in both the newspaper and the social network, with no significant difference noted between them.

This study set a model to predict the effect of corporate social responsibility and green image on visit intention in small and medium-size towns (SMST). At present, there is a keen social awareness towards environmental problems, and cities are required to reduce their ecological footprint and make more sustainable use of natural resources. Increasingly, tourists are considering &ldquo, green options&rdquo, in their decision making. The questionnaire responses, obtained from a sample of 221 tourism in Malaga town (Spain) were analyzed using a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to test the research hypothesis related to the positive influence of sustainability practices, green image, trust with the intention of revisiting related to the loyalty of the destination. This study shows that there is a positive relationship between sustainability practices and re-visit intention and between the green image and re-visit intention, both directly and indirectly, through trust. Also, the fact that this relationship is more significant if it is part of the green image than if it is part of sustainability actions. To practice, this study provides managerial implications to help executives adopt green actions, thanks to their positive effects on tourist loyalty and the different way of manifesting this loyalty.

Different studies have analysed how green marketing influences the sustainable image of tourist companies or have focused on the identification and engagement between these companies and their consumers. In any case, the question of how this process influences consumers&rsquo, behaviour in the hotel industry requires even more in-depth study, with the intention of explaining the changes that occur in the current consumer and how this affects the hotel industry. This study is useful to demonstrate that beyond the direct influence of green marketing on green word of mouth indicators there are other indirect influences which are represented by other mediating variables: green attitudinal loyalty and green trust. From the literature on green marketing and the conceptual approaches offered by the Hierarchy of Effects Model and the Associate Learning Principles, this study conducted an empirical approach using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire responses, obtained from a sample of 238 hotel users, were analysed using a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to test the research hypothesis related to the positive influence of green marketing on green trust, green attitudinal loyalty, and green word of mouth. This research provides theoretical and managerial implications to help executives adopt green marketing strategies, thanks to their positive effects on consumers&rsquo, recommendations, both direct and indirect, through loyalty and trust. It is concluded that green marketing actions have a greater effect on their indirect relationship with word of mouth than on their direct relationship and that loyalty is the aspect with the highest influence regarding trust.

This study researches both the perception of a destination and the importance of the previous visit in shaping that perception. First, the factors that influence the image (information sources and motivations) are analysed, moderated by the effect of the previous visit. Next, the gap between the projected image and the perceived image of Malaga, which is located in a tourist area specializing in “sun and beach” and trying to become a cultural destination, is studied. Data are obtained from 301 surveys administered through proportional and stratified sampling. A descriptive, inferential analysis and a structural equation model are proposed to analyse the causal relationships. The results confirm the influence of information sources and motivations on the image, as well as the importance of the previous visit. The conclusions suggest that there are significant difficulties in changing the Malaga image as a seaside destination for visitors, but not for the local community.

This research develops a model to predict the effect of advertising a socially responsible activity on perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its influence on consumer loyalty. It examines the relationships between company-cause congruence, corporate credibility, altruism attribution and perceived CSR, and CSR with consumer loyalty, and analyzes the moderating effect of the type of communication medium (i.e. traditional medium vs. social medium). This study is original because it fills the gap in the CSR communication literature in the evaluation of how the use of one or another type of medium to advertise a cause related marketing activity influences the effect of perceived CSR on consumer loyalty. An empirical study was conducted with two samples of consumers, each of which was exposed to the same advertisement, inserted in either a newspaper or posted on a social network. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results carry implications for CSR activities and communications management as they validate the proposed model that integrates the antecedents of perceived CSR and its influence on loyalty, and show that the traditional medium model has a better fit and its overall effect is greater than the social medium model. From a practical perspective, this study has several implications regarding the importance of communicating CSR activities.

Spain is a country that welcomes millions of tourists every year; among those travelers there are vegetarians and other individuals who opt for a vegetarian diet during their trips either due to health, religion or other reasons. The interest from the touristic businesses, especially the food and beverage sector, is constantly moving towards a healthier and more innovative cuisine. In numerous occasions, there is no clear vision of the preferences in certain segments of the market in which aspects such as the present one are considered essential. It is a sector that is currently developing, but that still has a long road ahead. Understanding the factors that shape the decision of a vegetarian tourist’s destination choice can help us appreciate the importance of this touristic sector with an infrastructure that is vastly (95 %) controlled by family-owned businesses (Fehr, 2016). The main objective of this research study is to understand the factors that determine the destination choice of the vegetarian tourist; to this end, we have provided a structured survey to 400 participants and obtained concrete conclusions of the problem to be analyzed.

This chapter tries to analyse the most relevant aspects of the target image and focuses on a specific case study to verify if the hypotheses that have been raised are true or not. Over the years there have been many studies that have assessed the target image and most agree that the target image is multidimensional in nature, so there are several factors to take into account when analysing it. Therefore, sources of information are essential when creating a target image. The fact of analysing the destination image can be fundamental for marketing and tourism location. Through the study of a concrete case the city of Malaga we verified that target image is formed by cognitive and affective components and that both are fundamental for its creation. At the same time, we saw that the destination image of the city of Malaga is more linked to “sun and sand” tourism than to cultural tourism, even if the latter is the image that the destination itself tries to or would like to display.

La implantación de prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) en las empresas es un tema relevante en los últimos años. Entre las cuestiones analizadas destaca la importancia de correlacionar la RSC con el comportamiento de los clientes por la influencia que puede tener en los beneficios de las empresas. Si bien diferentes investigaciones han estudiado esta relación previamente, son pocos los trabajos que han tratado la influencia de la RSC percibida en la actitud del consumidor en el sector de la distribución comercial minorista de España y menos aún en un contexto de crisis económica. En esta investigación se analiza la relación entre la RSC percibida y la actitud del consumidor de los tres grupos empresariales del sector minorista con mayor facturación en España: la empresa familiar Mercadona y las enseñas Carrefour y Eroski. Los resultados corroboran que las acciones de RSC influyen de manera directa y positiva en la actitud del consumidor, por lo que la investigación contribuye a consolidar el conocimiento de la relación entre estas dos variables y orienta a los gestores hacia la implantación de políticas de RSC para mejorar sus resultados.