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Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) mandates the administration of anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic agents to prevent intracoronary and post-procedural thrombosis upon introducing thrombogenic foreign bodies such as intracoronary wires, balloons, or stents, especially in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) given the hypercoagulable state associated with it. This is a case of a 54-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with left-sided weakness and dysarthria for an unknown duration. A CT scan of the head showed acute right middle cerebral artery distribution infarct. She subsequently underwent a successful thrombectomy. Four hours later, the patient became lethargic and nauseous. Electrocardiogram showed anterior wall ST elevation with new-onset anterior wall akinesia on transthoracic echocardiogram. Repeat CT of the head showed acute intracranial hemorrhagic conversion. She then developed cardiac arrest mandating emergent cardiac catheterization. Coronary angiogram revealed 100% occlusion in a mid left anterior descending artery (LAD) and 80% in a left circumflex artery (LCX) and chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA). After weighing risks and benefits, PCI was performed with rapid plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) to the 100% thrombotic lesion in the LAD with successful restoration of flow without administering anti-platelet or anti-thrombotic agents given the acute intracranial hemorrhage, She was then discharged to a rehab facility a few days later in stable condition. This case demonstrates successful percutaneous coronary intervention in the 100% occluded LAD in a life-threatening situation despite not using anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy due to active intracranial hemorrhage.

Carotid webs are abnormal luminal projections at the carotid bulb associated with blood flow stasis, artery dissection, and subsequent complications. Carotid webs are considered to be a rare variant of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Young individuals with symptomatic carotid webs are found to be associated with ischemic stroke. The incidence of the carotid web is low, and it is rarely reported. Only 150 cases of FMD have been reported so far. FMD is a non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic arteriopathy. The most common arterial beds involved are renal and extracranial carotids. Presentation varies depending on the location of the arterial bed involved and disease severity. Clinical presentations range from minor headaches to severe headaches, resistant hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, transient ischemic attack, and in some cases, stroke. Diagnosis can be made through non-invasive methods, such as computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, or duplex ultrasonography or invasive imaging methods like catheter-based angiography. Treatment of FMD varies with disease presentation and its location. Asymptomatic carotid or vertebral arteries FMD should be monitored clinically and prescribed aspirin 81 mg daily for primary stroke prevention. Endovascular and surgical therapy with stents or coils is reserved for patients with aneurysms. We present a rare and interesting case of a 54-year-old female who presented with acute ischemic stroke in the setting of right carotid artery web, right internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombus with dissection, and possible pseudoaneurysm.

Introduction: Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a relatively rare disease in which an obstruction of hepatic venous outfl ow causes intrahepatic venous congestion and portal hypertension. Surgical treatment is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has been applied to patients with BCS and it has shown a favorable outcome.

Background: Susceptibility to intracranial atherosclerosis is a unique feature of stroke in Asian patients. Intracranial percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty/stenting (IC-PTAS) is an important therapy for secondary prevention and rescue in such patients. Objective: The purpose of this study is to clarify features of Japanese patients with stroke receiving IC-PTAS for secondary prevention or for rescue recanalization. Methods: Medical records of 116 consecutive stroke patients treated with IC-PTAS at our hospital from April 2006 to May 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into secondary prevention (P) and rescue (R) groups based on the purpose of IC-PTAS. Backgrounds, procedures, andtechnical and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: In groups P (n=60, male=40) and R (n=56, male=35), the mean ages were 70 and 72 years, the median times from ischemic events to IC-PTAS were 21 and 0.5 days, the mean stenotic ratios were 84.6% and 97.9%, the number of cases with morphology suitable for IC-PTAS (modified Mori class A or B1) were 35 and 8, and the distributions of treated vessels (extradural ICA, intradural ICA, MCA, BA, VA, others) were 31, 6, 11, 5, 5, 2, and 4, 14, 24, 6, 5, 3, respectively. In groups P and R, stents were deployed in 26 (43%) and 23 (41%) cases, technical success was achieved in 60 (100%) and 48 (86%) cases, the mean residual stenotic ratios were 27.6% and 40.3%, and there were major complications in 4 (7%) and 6 (12%) cases, stroke within 30 days in 4 (7%) and 6 (12%) cases, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in 0 and 1 cases, respectively. Conclusion: Stroke patients receiving IC-PTAS for secondary prevention in Japan have a longer interval between the ischemic event and the procedure and a higher number of safer lesions, such as those with a lower stenotic ratio, suitable morphology, and an intradural site, compared to patients who receive this treatment for rescuerecanalization. This might result in favorable technical and clinical outcomes for patients receiving IC-PTAS in Japan.

Background: Until now, target-controlled infusion of remifentanil with midazolam in percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty for dysfunctional hemodialysis fistulas has not been described. Here, we investigate 2 effect-site concentrations of remifentanil with intermittent bolus midazolam for percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty under monitored anesthesia care. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial including patients who received a percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty between March 2019 and March 2021 was conducted. Group 1 and Group 2 were, respectively, administered an initial effect-site concentration of remifentanil of 1.0 and 2.0 ng/mL by a target-controlled infusion pump with Minto model. In both groups, maintenance of the effect-site concentration of remifentanil was adjusted upward and downward by 0.5 ng/mL with intermittent bolus midazolam to keep the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale between 2 and 4, mean arterial pressure and heart rate at baseline levels ± 30%, and patient comfort (remaining moveless). The primary outcome was to determine the appropriate effect-site concentration of remifentanil for the procedure in terms of patient comfort (remaining moveless), hemodynamic conditions, and adverse events. Secondary endpoints included the total dosage of anesthetics and total times of target-controlled infusion pump adjustments. Results: A total of 40 patients in Group 1 and 40 patients in Group 2 were eligible for analysis. Most parameters were insignificantly different between 2 groups, except Group 1 having higher peripheral oxygen saturation, while local anesthetic injection compared with Group 2. In addition, Group 1 patients had less apnea with desaturation (peripheral oxygen saturation < 90%; 0 vs 6, P = .034), less remifentanil consumption (189.65 ± 69.7 vs 243.8 ± 76.1 μg, P = .001), but more intraoperative movements affecting the procedure (14 vs 4; P = .016), total times of target-controlled infusion pump adjustment [2 (1-4) vs 1 (1–2), P

Objective: Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) is recommended as the first choice to treat stenosis of Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistulas (B-C AVFs). The ability to predict which B-C AVFs are at risk for recurrent stenosis post-PTA would allow closer monitoring of patients, and possibly result in surgical intervention rather than repeat PTA. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors of primary patency after PTA in B-C AVFs. Methods: Patients diagnosed with B-C AVF primary stenosis and treated by PTA between November 2013 and March 2018 were included in the study. Patient and stenotic lesion characteristics and PTA procedure factors were included in the analysis. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze the primary patency rate. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to identify factors predictive of decreased primary patency. Results: 74 patients (35 males, 39 females) with a mean age of 61.68 ± 11.44 years (range, 36–84 years) were included in the study. The mean B-C AVF age was 16.34 ± 12.93 months (range, 2–84 months), and the median primary patency time was 7.79 ± 0.48 months. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed stenosis location at the inflow artery [hazard ratio (HR)=3.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46–10.09] or anastomosis (HR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.09–3.32), dilation >2 times during PTA (HR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.22–4.34), and residual stenosis >30% (HR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.26–4.63) were significantly associated with decreased patency. Conclusion: In conclusion, the primary patency rate of PTA for B-C AVF dysfunction is reduced by dilation >2 times, residual stenosis >30%, and stenosis located at the inflow artery or anastomosis. These results may help in tailoring surveillance programs, multiple PTA, or a proximal re-anastomosis surgery in patients with AVF dysfunction. Advances in knowledge: A number of studies have been conducted to examine the predictors of primary patency after PTA, however, no definitive conclusions have been reached. Our study revealed that stenosis location at the inflow artery or anastomosis, dilation >2 times during PTA, and residual stenosis >30% were the predictors of primary patency after PTA, which may help in tailoring surveillance programs, multiple PTA, or a proximal re-anastomosis surgery in patients with arteriovenous fistulas dysfunction.

Aim. To assess the extent of the lower limb arterial calcification and to evaluate the long-term outcomes of percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTBA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), critical limb ischemia (CLI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods. 94 patients with CLI formed two groups (CKD-positive and CDK-negative). Quantitative assessment of tibial arterial calcification was performed with non-contrast CT. Outcomes of angioplasty were monitored during the 18?6 months of the follow-up period by means of duplex ultrasonography. Results. Long-term outcomes of PTBA were significantly worse in patients with CKD. Nevertheless, limb preservation and survival rates were relatively satisfactory in both groups (74% and 72%, respectively). Conclusion. PTBA in patients with DM, CLI and CKD presents a technical challenge. Despite that, in many cases the endovascular intervention allows avoiding high-level amputations and improves survival rates.

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) created for the purpose of hemodialysis are frequently lost due to various vascular lesions. Endovascular therapies with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty have become very valuable in treating AVF dysfunction due to vascular stenosis. Experience with these therapies is relatively limited. In this case report, we present a patient with a severely dysfunctional AVF. The vascular lesions affecting his AVF were numerous and severe. We show how the application of aggressive endovascular treatment succeeded in restoring use of his AVF. Throughout the discussion we share observations and personal experiences that may be useful for interventionalists and health care practitioners involved with the maintenance, use, and treatment of dialysis vascular accesses.

Background Autologous arteriovenous (A-V) fistulae are the recommended arteriovenous access for long-term dialysis in chronic renal failure patients. However, the rate of nonmaturity and failure is still significant. The present study aimed at salvaging fistulas using percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). Methods Thirty-two patients with nonmaturing or failing fistulas were included, to which they were subjected to PTA with preintervention and postintervention fistulograms to assess the success rate in restoring the fistulae's patency and function. Results Salvage rate was 26 of 32 fistulas (81.3%) in which the fistulas regain their usability for hemodialysis at least for 3 months of follow-up, 4 cases (12.5%) persist nonmature and 2 cases (6.3%) were not used for stenosis. Conclusions PTA is a safe and effective method for treating nonmature and failing native A-V fistulas.

A growing number of patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid artery are being treated endovascularly by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty and vascular stent placement (angioplasty and stenting). However, there is considerable controversy surrounding the use of this procedure. Like many controversial issues in medicine, there are both political and scientific aspects to consider. If all treatment modalities for atherosclerotic carotid stenosis fell within the scope of a single specialty, much of the current hue and cry would be absent. In this short essay, I will outline the scientific issues regarding the treatment of carotid stenosis and provide a rationale for the use of angioplasty and stenting in selected patients.

Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of coarctation of the aorta was performed on eleven patients, aged 5-35 years (mean 25 years). Three patients had had surgical resection of the coarctation previously. There were no complications. The balloons used had a diameter up to 20 mm and were inflated with pressures of 3-5 bar for 10-60 sec. In two of the preoperated patients dilatation did not succeed. It was successful in the remaining nine. In these patients the gradient was reduced from a mean of 58 +/- 17 to 18 +/- 11 mm Hg, the stenosis diameter being increased from 4.5 +/- 2.4 to 11.9 +/- 5.1 mm. In five of six patients, angiography three or twelve months postoperatively demonstrated persisting dilatation. It is concluded that this procedure can be successfully used in both juveniles and adults, not only in children.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is a prevalent atherosclerotic disorder characterized by limb pain on exertion, limb loss and a high mortality rate. Because of its chronic nature, it often has a negative impact on patients' quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to assess QOL among patients with PAOD that was treated by endovascular intervention using femoral and popliteal percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTBA). DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was local, prospective and longitudinal. It was carried at the Second Department of Internal Medicine of Charles University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. METHODS: Thirty PAOD patients (20 male and 10 female) were treated by endovascular intervention using femoral and popliteal PTBA. The Czech version of the international generic European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D) was applied. RESULTS: The statistical evaluation demonstrated that QOL presented highly significant statistical dependence on femoral and popliteal PTBA (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results showed that femoral and popliteal PTBA had a highly positive effect on the QOL of patients with PAOD. CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Doença arterial oclusiva periférica (DAOP) é uma desordem aterosclerótica prevalente, caracterizada por dor esforço do membro, perda do membro e alta taxa de mortalidade. Devido à sua natureza crônica, freqüentemente tem impacto negativo na qualidade de vida (QV) dos pacientes. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a QV entre pacientes com DAOP tratada por intervenção endovascular usando angioplastia com balão transluminal femoral e poplítea (ABT). TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Este estudo local, prospectivo e longitudinal foi realizado no Segundo Departamento de Medicina Interna do Charles University Hospital em Hradec Kralove, República Checa. MÉTODOS: 30 pacientes com DAOP (20 homens) foram tratados por intervenção endovascular usando ABT femoral e poplítea. A versão checa do Questionário Europeu de Qualidade de Vida (EQ-5D) foi aplicada. RESULTADOS: A avaliação estatística demonstrou que a QV apresentou dependência altamente significativa da ABT femoral e poplítea (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram que a ABT femoral e poplítea teve efeito altamente positivo na QV dos pacientes com DAOP.

Hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction is a common complication. Vascular access stenosis is the most common cause of this dysfunction. Early detection of stenotic lesions and treatment by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) might be beneficial. Early detection of stenotic lesions can be achieved by means of monitoring or surveillance. Well-trained dialysis staff can perform monitoring on regular basis. Surveillance needs additional tools and instrumentations and trained staff to perform it. A well-designed study to evaluate the benefit of surveillance on access thrombosis, longevity, and other morbidity and mortality parameters is very well needed.

Multiple comorbidities can mean that some patients with critical limb ischaemia are unsuitable for bypass surgery. Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) is currently the predominant nonsurgical intervention, but data from the ACHILLES trial indicate that sirolimus-eluting stent implantation (SES) is a suitable alternative therapeutic approach in these patients.

We evaluated the effectiveness of endovascular treatment with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA)/stenting of transplanted renal artery stenosis (TRAS).Between January 2005 and December 2010, 17 patients (4 women, 13 men; mean age 60.9 years) with TRAS underwent PTA/stenting. The parameters analysed were: technical success, pre- and post-treatment serum creatinine (SCr) and blood pressure (BP), average number of antihypertensive drugs administered before and after treatment and vessel patency on colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and once a year thereafter.Technical success was 100%. During a mean follow-up of 28.3±18.7 months, there was a statistically significant reduction in SCr and BP values. In 18 % of cases, moderate (60%) restenosis was observed on CDUS without renal failure and not requiring new treatment. There was a reduction in antihypertensive drugs from an average of 3.5±0.5 to 1.5±0.5.Consistent with the literature data, our experience shows that endovascular treatment with PTA/stenting is a safe and effective option for managing TRAS and can thus be considered the method of choice.

Background: An appropriate level of sedation and pharmacological assist are essential during percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). Ketamine provides good analgesia while preserving airway patency, ventilation, and cardiovascular stability with an opioid sparing effect suggesting that it would be ideal in combination with remifentanil and midazolam in spontaneously breathing patients. We evaluated the effect of a small dose of ketamine added to midazolam and remifentanil on analgesia/sedation for PTA procedures. Methods: Sixty-four patients receiving PTA were enrolled. The Control group received midazolam 1.0 mg i.v. and continuous infusion of remifentanil 0.05 μg/kg/min. The Ketamine group received, in addition, an intravenous bolus of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine. Patients’ haemodynamic data were monitored before remifentanil infusion, 5 min after remifentanil infusion, at 1, 3, 5, 30 min after incision, and at admission to the recovery room. Verbal numerical rating scales (VNRS) and sedation [OAA/S (Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation)] scores were also recorded. Results: The VNRS values at 1, 3, and 5 min after incision and OAA/S scores at 5 min after remifentanil infusion, and 1, 3, and 5 min after incision were lower in the Ketamine group than in the Control group. In the Control group, the VNRS value at 1 min after incision significantly increased and OAA/S values at 3, 5, and 30 min after incision significantly decreased compared to baseline values, while there were no significant changes in the ketamine group. Conclusions: A small dose of ketamine as an adjunct sedative to the combination of midazolam and remifentanil produced a better quality of sedation and analgesia than without ketamine and provided stable respiration without cardiopulmonary deterioration. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2011; 61: 308-314)

Results of cervical carotid stenting are reported. Twenty-nine lesions in 25 cases were treated by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty combined with stent placement. All the lesions were successfully dilated. There was one embolic complication during the operation that caused deterioration of preoperative symptoms. Stent deformation causing more than 30% luminal narrowing occurred in one case. Instent restenosis with more than 50% luminal narrowing was seen in bilateral lesions in one case. These were satisfactory results as an initial experience, but further improvement in this technique is considered essential especially to avoid embolic complications.

Stenotic aorto-arteriopathy is an uncommon vascular lesion characterized by segmental arterial stenoses. We reviewed the experience with several management algorithms to define the most effective management course. The clinical records of 14 pediatric patients with acquired SAA who presented over a 16-year period were reviewed. Most patients presented with a mid-thoracoabdominal coarctation and were diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis. Differentiating between Takayasu arteritis and fibromuscular dysplasia was difficult on clinical grounds or by angiography. Medical management of the end-organ disease and renovascular hypertension was only palliative. Selective percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of the stenotic renal arteries had only transient benefits; renal autotransplantation had slightly better success. Dilation of stenosed aortic segments with balloon-expandable endovascular stents and subsequent renal autotransplantation proved useful. Distinguishing SAA resulting from fibromuscular dysplasia caused by Takayasu arteritis in the chronic vaso-occlusive phase may be unnecessary for effective treatment. Therapy should focus on interventions to minimize the end-organ damage caused by the vaso-occlusive manifestations of the disorders. (J Pediatr 1998;132:1016-22)

Age 60.3 6 12.9 64.5 6 12.1 0.02 Male 63 (73%) 68 (61%) 0.07 sBP (mmHg) 126.2 6 27.9 137.6 6 36.9 0.03 HR (beat/min) 89.4 6 27.7 92.1 6 31.2 0.95 BNP (pg/ml) 815.2 6 761.3 652.5 6 645.7 0.14 LVEF (%) 42.9 6 18.7 43.8 6 17.8 0.73 Dd (mm) 59.3 6 12.8 57.0 6 9.4 0.19 Ds (mm) 46.9 6 15.2 44.6 6 11.9 0.38 LAD (mm) 51.9 6 8.1 48.5 6 9.3 0.003 eRVSP 42.3 6 14.7 32.8 6 12.1 !0.001 E/e’ 20.9 6 7.2 17.6 6 8.7 0.02 PASP (mmHg) 47.1 6 12.0 31.1 6 27.2 !0.001 mPAP (mmHg) 32.9 6 7.1 17.6 6 4.7 !0.001 PCWP (mmHg) 23.0 6 5.5 11.7 6 4.3 !0.001 TPPG (mmHg) 9.8 6 5.5 5.9 6 4.4 !0.001 CI (L/min/m2) 2.78 6 0.62 2.93 6 0.61 0.08

Abdominal aortic coarctation is rare in children. We report successful percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of an abdominal aortic coarctation in an infant who presented with heart failure.

Behcet's disease is a rare multisystemic disorder whose main pathological defectis vasculitis, and superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome without thrombosis is a very rare manifestation of the disease. These authors encountered a case of SVC syndrome without thrombosis caused by Behcet's disease. A 33-year-old man visited the hospital for aggravated dyspnea without any related medical and familial history. He had a threeday history of abrupt swelling of the face, neck, and right arm. He suffered from recurrent oral ulcer, and there were acneiform nodules on his face as well as redness and swelling at the site of the intravenous injection. On the multi-detected computed tomography (CT) chest angiograms (chest angio MDCT), the SVC narrowed without thrombosis. Venogram was carried out, and percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of the SVC stenotic site was performed. The following day, the swelling was found to have subsided. The details of the case are reported herein.

We reviewed 95 cases of vein graft and anastomotic lesions treated with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) and 30 cases treated surgically. The therapy was deemed a failure if the lesion recurred or if the graft closed. The 21-month patency rate of lesions treated surgically was 86%, which was significantly better than the 42% patency rate for all lesions treated with PTA (P0.01). An evaluation of the lesion and graft characteristics that could influence the patency of stenotic lesions treated with PTA included: lesion length, minimum graft diameter, lesion location, and lesion type. The 66% patency rate at 24 months for the 41 simple lesions (single, nonrecurrent,15 mm in length, and within graftsor = 3 mm minimal diameter) was significantly better than the 17% patency rate for the 50 complex lesions (multiple, recurrent,or = 15 mm in length, or within grafts3 mm in minimal diameter) (P0.01). In addition, the 21-month patency rate for the surgically treated group (86%) was not significantly better than that of the angioplasty-treated simple lesions (66%). When feasible, vein graft lesions are best treated with simple surgical interventions. PTA can be useful to maintain the patency of severely compromised grafts prior to surgical repair, to treat simple lesions difficult to reach surgically, and for patients with medical contraindications for an operation.

The current clinical application and technique of percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) are the culmination of work which began in 1964, when Dotter and Jenkins dilated vascular lesions using a rigid coaxial catheter system. Catheters were later modified into tapered tubes by Van Andel and Staple. A balloon catheter was introduced by Porstmann in 1973, and Gruntzig developed the double-lumen, non-elastomeric, polyvinyl balloon catheter in 1974. The Gruntzig device permitted catheter placement over a guidewire and controlled balloon inflation, and it formed the basis for modern PTA techniques.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients with infrapopliteal arterial disease, and to determine the influencing factor for prognosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 patients (60 limbs) with infrapopliteal arterial stenosis or occlusion underwent PTA. Atherosclerotic risk factors, clinical symptoms, TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) classification, and vascular wall calcification were evaluated before PTA. The number of patent infrapopliteal arteries was estimated, and the outcome was evaluated by symptom relief and limb salvage. Results: Technical success was achieved in 53/60 limbs (88.3%) and 81/93 arteries (87.1%), TASC classification (p = 0.038) and vascular calcification (p = 0.002) influenced on technical failure. During follow-up, 26 of 55 limbs (47%) achieved symptom relief and 42/55 limbs (76%) underwent limb salvage. Non-diabetic patients (9/12, 75%) were superior to diabetic patients (17/43, 40%) in terms of symptom relief (p = 0.024). TASC classification and vascular wall calcification influenced on symptom relief and limb salvage. The number of patent infrapopliteal arteries after PTA influenced symptom relief (p < 0.001) and limb amputation (p = 0.003). Conclusion: PTA in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia is worthwhile as a primary treatment. The influence factors should be considered before PTA, and PTA should be performed in as many involved arteries as possible.