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1. Spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics in young leaves reveal cyclic hypoxia in plants

Author

Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, European Commission, Triozzi, Paolo M. [0000-0003-0192-3336], Brunello, Luca [0000-0002-0284-3541], Novi, Giacomo [0000-0003-4113-6345], Ferri, Gianmarco [0000-0002-4341-8920], Loreti, Elena [0000-0002-5255-4983], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Perata, Pierdomenico [0000-0001-9444-0610], Triozzi, Paolo M., Brunello, Luca, Novi, Giacomo, Ferri, Gianmarco, Cardarelli, Francesco, Loreti, Elena, Perales, Mariano, Perata, Pierdomenico, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, European Commission, Triozzi, Paolo M. [0000-0003-0192-3336], Brunello, Luca [0000-0002-0284-3541], Novi, Giacomo [0000-0003-4113-6345], Ferri, Gianmarco [0000-0002-4341-8920], Loreti, Elena [0000-0002-5255-4983], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Perata, Pierdomenico [0000-0001-9444-0610], Triozzi, Paolo M., Brunello, Luca, Novi, Giacomo, Ferri, Gianmarco, Cardarelli, Francesco, Loreti, Elena, Perales, Mariano, and Perata, Pierdomenico

Abstract

Oxygen is essential for plant growth and development. Hypoxia occurs in plants due to limited oxygen availability following adverse environmental conditions as well in hypoxic niches in otherwise normoxic environments. However, the existence and functional integration of spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics with plant development remains unknown. In animal systems dynamic fluctuations in oxygen availability are known as cyclic hypoxia. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclic fluctuations in internal oxygen levels occur in young emerging leaves of Arabidopsis plants. Cyclic hypoxia in plants is based on a mechanism requiring the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS type VII (ERFVII) that are central components of the oxygen-sensing machinery in plants. The ERFVII-dependent mechanism allows precise adjustment of leaf growth in response to carbon status and oxygen availability within plant cells. This study thus establishes a functional connection between internal spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics and developmental processes of plants.

Published
2024

2. Core clock genes adjust growth cessation time to day-night switches in poplar

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Universidades (España), Alique, Daniel [0000-0001-7869-9411], Redondo-López, Arturo [0000-0003-2037-5400], González Schain, Nahuel [0000-0003-2446-5825], Allona, Isabel [0000-0002-7012-2850], Wabnik, Krzysztof [0000-0001-7263-0560], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Alique, Daniel, Redondo-López, Arturo, González Schain, Nahuel, Allona, Isabel, Wabnik, Krzysztof, Perales, Mariano, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Universidades (España), Alique, Daniel [0000-0001-7869-9411], Redondo-López, Arturo [0000-0003-2037-5400], González Schain, Nahuel [0000-0003-2446-5825], Allona, Isabel [0000-0002-7012-2850], Wabnik, Krzysztof [0000-0001-7263-0560], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Alique, Daniel, Redondo-López, Arturo, González Schain, Nahuel, Allona, Isabel, Wabnik, Krzysztof, and Perales, Mariano

Abstract

Poplar trees use photoperiod as a precise seasonal indicator, synchronizing plant phenology with the environment. Daylength cue determines FLOWERING LOCUS T 2 (FT2) daily expression, crucial for shoot apex development and establishment of the annual growing period. However, limited evidence exists for the molecular factors controlling FT2 transcription and the conservation with the photoperiodic control of Arabidopsis flowering. We demonstrate that FT2 expression mediates growth cessation response quantitatively, and we provide a minimal data-driven model linking core clock genes to FT2 daily levels. GIGANTEA (GI) emerges as a critical inducer of the FT2 activation window, time-bound by TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION (TOC1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY2) repressions. CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function lines validate these roles, identifying TOC1 as a long-sought FT2 repressor. Additionally, model simulations predict that FT2 downregulation upon daylength shortening results from a progressive narrowing of this activation window, driven by the phase shift observed in the preceding clock genes. This circadian-mediated mechanism enables poplar to exploit FT2 levels as an accurate daylength-meter.

Published
2024

3. DNA hypomethylation of the host tree impairs interaction with mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungus

Author

Conseil Régional du Centre-Val de Loire, Department of Energy (US), Kohler, Annegret [0000-0002-9575-9567], Sow, Mamadou Dia [0000-0002-2815-4939], Delaunay, Alain [0000-0002-2519-5380], Fauchery, Laure [0000-0002-2571-0274], Barry, Kerrie W. [0000-0002-8999-6785], Keymanesh, Keykhosrow [0000-0001-6019-9443], Singan, Vasanth [0000-0002-9983-5707], Grigoriev, Igor [0000-0002-3136-8903], Fichot, Régis [0000-0001-5527-4103], Conde, Daniel [0000-0001-8362-4190], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Tost, Jörg [0000-0002-2683-0817], Martin, Francis M. [0000-0002-4737-3715], Allona, Isabel [0000-0002-7012-2850], Strauss, Steven H. [0000-0001-9670-3082], Veneault-Fourrey, Claire [0000-0001-9778-2659], Maury, Stéphane 0000-0003-0481-0847], Vigneaud, Julien, Kohler, Annegret, Sow, Mamadou Dia, Delaunay, Alain, Fauchery, Laure, Guinet, Frederic, Daviaud, Christian, Barry, Kerrie W., Keymanesh, Keykhosrow, Johnson, Jenifer, Singan, Vasanth, Grigoriev, Igor, Fichot, Régis, Conde, Daniel, Perales, Mariano, Tost, Jörg, Martin, Francis M., Allona, Isabel, Strauss, Steven H., Veneault-Fourrey, Claire, Maury, Stéphane, Conseil Régional du Centre-Val de Loire, Department of Energy (US), Kohler, Annegret [0000-0002-9575-9567], Sow, Mamadou Dia [0000-0002-2815-4939], Delaunay, Alain [0000-0002-2519-5380], Fauchery, Laure [0000-0002-2571-0274], Barry, Kerrie W. [0000-0002-8999-6785], Keymanesh, Keykhosrow [0000-0001-6019-9443], Singan, Vasanth [0000-0002-9983-5707], Grigoriev, Igor [0000-0002-3136-8903], Fichot, Régis [0000-0001-5527-4103], Conde, Daniel [0000-0001-8362-4190], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Tost, Jörg [0000-0002-2683-0817], Martin, Francis M. [0000-0002-4737-3715], Allona, Isabel [0000-0002-7012-2850], Strauss, Steven H. [0000-0001-9670-3082], Veneault-Fourrey, Claire [0000-0001-9778-2659], Maury, Stéphane 0000-0003-0481-0847], Vigneaud, Julien, Kohler, Annegret, Sow, Mamadou Dia, Delaunay, Alain, Fauchery, Laure, Guinet, Frederic, Daviaud, Christian, Barry, Kerrie W., Keymanesh, Keykhosrow, Johnson, Jenifer, Singan, Vasanth, Grigoriev, Igor, Fichot, Régis, Conde, Daniel, Perales, Mariano, Tost, Jörg, Martin, Francis M., Allona, Isabel, Strauss, Steven H., Veneault-Fourrey, Claire, and Maury, Stéphane

Abstract

Ectomycorrhizas are an intrinsic component of tree nutrition and responses to environmental variations. How epigenetic mechanisms might regulate these mutualistic interactions is unknown. By manipulating the level of expression of the chromatin remodeler DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) and two demethylases DEMETER-LIKE (DML) in Populus tremula × Populus alba lines, we examined how host DNA methylation modulates multiple parameters of the responses to root colonization with the mutualistic fungus Laccaria bicolor. We compared the ectomycorrhizas formed between transgenic and wild-type (WT) trees and analyzed their methylomes and transcriptomes. The poplar lines displaying lower mycorrhiza formation rate corresponded to hypomethylated overexpressing DML or RNAi-ddm1 lines. We found 86 genes and 288 transposable elements (TEs) differentially methylated between WT and hypomethylated lines (common to both OX-dml and RNAi-ddm1) and 120 genes/1441 TEs in the fungal genome suggesting a host-induced remodeling of the fungal methylome. Hypomethylated poplar lines displayed 205 differentially expressed genes (cis and trans effects) in common with 17 being differentially methylated (cis). Our findings suggest a central role of host and fungal DNA methylation in the ability to form ectomycorrhizas including not only poplar genes involved in root initiation, ethylene and jasmonate-mediated pathways, and immune response but also terpenoid metabolism.

Published
2023

4. JGI Plant Gene Atlas: an updateable transcriptome resource to improve functional gene descriptions across the plant kingdom

Author

Department of Energy (US), Center for Bioenergy Innovation (US), United Soybean Board, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, National Institutes of Health (US), Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (US), Sreedasyam, Avinash [0000-0001-7336-7012], Plott, Christopher [0000-0002-0109-5174], Lovell, John T. [0000-0002-8938-1166], Grimwood, Jane [0000-0002-8356-8325], Jenkins, Jerry [0000-0002-7943-3997], Barry, Kerrie W. [0000-0002-8999-6785], Carlson, Joseph [0000-0003-1423-9138], Shu, Shengqiang [0000-0002-4336-8994], Goodstein, David [0000-0001-6287-2697], Haas, Fabian B. [0000-0002-7711-5282], Hiss, Manuel [0000-0002-7876-783X], Perroud, Pierre François [0000-0001-7607-3618], Jawdy, Sara S. [0000-0002-8123-5439], Yang, Yongil [0000-0002-6925-5410], Hu, Rongbin [0000-0001-5921-6891], Kropat, Janette [0000-0001-8952-3286], Gallaher, Sean D. [0000-0002-9773-6051], Lipzen, Anna [0000-0003-2293-9329], Shakirov, Eugene V. [0000-0003-2689-7410], Weng, Xiaoyu [0000-0002-3831-7551], Torres-Jerez, Ivone [0000-0001-9264-4652], Weers, Brock [0009-0007-5865-7514], Pappas, Marilia R. [0000-0002-4680-0199], Muchlinski, Andrew [0000-0002-7139-6941], Jiang, Hui [0000-0003-4588-7074], López Sebastián, José Manuel [0000-0002-6203-8835], Carrell, Alyssa A. [0000-0003-1142-4709], Chen, Jin Gui [0000-0002-1752-4201], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Swaminathan, Kankshita [0000-0002-4936-509X], Allona, Isabel [0000-0002-7012-2850], Grattapaglia, Dario [0000-0002-0050-970X], Tholl, Dorothea [0000-0003-2636-6345], Vogel, John P. [0000-0003-1786-2689], Yang, Xiaohan [0000-0001-5207-4210], Brutnell, Thomas P. [0000-0002-3581-8211], Kellogg, Elizabeth A. [0000-0002-9664-3179], Baxter, Ivan [0000-0001-6680-1722], Udvardi, Michael [0000-0001-9850-0828], Tang, Yuhong [0000-0003-2967-778X], Mockler, Todd C. [0000-0002-0462-5775], Juenger, Thomas E. [0000-0001-9550-9288], Mullet, John [0000-0003-2502-2671], Rensing, Stefan A. [0000-0002-0225-873X], Tuskan, Gerald A. [0000-0003-0106-1289], Merchant, Sabeeha S. [0000-0002-2594-509X], Stacey, Gary [0000-0001-5914-2247], Schmutz, Jeremy [0000-0001-8062-9172], Sreedasyam, Avinash, Plott, Christopher, Hossain, Md Shakhawat, Lovell, John T., Grimwood, Jane, Jenkins, Jerry, Daum, Christopher, Barry, Kerrie W., Carlson, Joseph, Shu, Shengqiang, Phillips, Jeremy, Amirebrahimi, Mojgan, Zane, Matthew, Wang, Mei, Goodstein, David, Haas, Fabian B., Hiss, Manuel, Perroud, Pierre François, Jawdy, Sara S., Yang, Yongil, Hu, Rongbin, Johnson, Jenifer, Kropat, Janette, Gallaher, Sean D., Lipzen, Anna, Shakirov, Eugene V., Weng, Xiaoyu, Torres-Jerez, Ivone, Weers, Brock, Conde, Daniel, Pappas, Marilia R., Liu, Lifeng, Muchlinski, Andrew, Jiang, Hui, Shyu, Christine, Huang, Pu, López Sebastián, José Manuel, Laiben, Carol, Medlin, Alyssa, Carey, Sankalpi, Carrell, Alyssa A., Chen, Jin Gui, Perales, Mariano, Swaminathan, Kankshita, Allona, Isabel, Grattapaglia, Dario, Cooper, Elizabeth A., Tholl, Dorothea, Vogel, John P., Weston, David J., Yang, Xiaohan, Brutnell, Thomas P., Kellogg, Elizabeth A., Baxter, Ivan, Udvardi, Michael, Tang, Yuhong, Mockler, Todd C., Juenger, Thomas E., Mullet, John, Rensing, Stefan A., Tuskan, Gerald A., Merchant, Sabeeha S., Stacey, Gary, Schmutz, Jeremy, Department of Energy (US), Center for Bioenergy Innovation (US), United Soybean Board, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, National Institutes of Health (US), Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (US), Sreedasyam, Avinash [0000-0001-7336-7012], Plott, Christopher [0000-0002-0109-5174], Lovell, John T. [0000-0002-8938-1166], Grimwood, Jane [0000-0002-8356-8325], Jenkins, Jerry [0000-0002-7943-3997], Barry, Kerrie W. [0000-0002-8999-6785], Carlson, Joseph [0000-0003-1423-9138], Shu, Shengqiang [0000-0002-4336-8994], Goodstein, David [0000-0001-6287-2697], Haas, Fabian B. [0000-0002-7711-5282], Hiss, Manuel [0000-0002-7876-783X], Perroud, Pierre François [0000-0001-7607-3618], Jawdy, Sara S. [0000-0002-8123-5439], Yang, Yongil [0000-0002-6925-5410], Hu, Rongbin [0000-0001-5921-6891], Kropat, Janette [0000-0001-8952-3286], Gallaher, Sean D. [0000-0002-9773-6051], Lipzen, Anna [0000-0003-2293-9329], Shakirov, Eugene V. [0000-0003-2689-7410], Weng, Xiaoyu [0000-0002-3831-7551], Torres-Jerez, Ivone [0000-0001-9264-4652], Weers, Brock [0009-0007-5865-7514], Pappas, Marilia R. [0000-0002-4680-0199], Muchlinski, Andrew [0000-0002-7139-6941], Jiang, Hui [0000-0003-4588-7074], López Sebastián, José Manuel [0000-0002-6203-8835], Carrell, Alyssa A. [0000-0003-1142-4709], Chen, Jin Gui [0000-0002-1752-4201], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Swaminathan, Kankshita [0000-0002-4936-509X], Allona, Isabel [0000-0002-7012-2850], Grattapaglia, Dario [0000-0002-0050-970X], Tholl, Dorothea [0000-0003-2636-6345], Vogel, John P. [0000-0003-1786-2689], Yang, Xiaohan [0000-0001-5207-4210], Brutnell, Thomas P. [0000-0002-3581-8211], Kellogg, Elizabeth A. [0000-0002-9664-3179], Baxter, Ivan [0000-0001-6680-1722], Udvardi, Michael [0000-0001-9850-0828], Tang, Yuhong [0000-0003-2967-778X], Mockler, Todd C. [0000-0002-0462-5775], Juenger, Thomas E. [0000-0001-9550-9288], Mullet, John [0000-0003-2502-2671], Rensing, Stefan A. [0000-0002-0225-873X], Tuskan, Gerald A. [0000-0003-0106-1289], Merchant, Sabeeha S. [0000-0002-2594-509X], Stacey, Gary [0000-0001-5914-2247], Schmutz, Jeremy [0000-0001-8062-9172], Sreedasyam, Avinash, Plott, Christopher, Hossain, Md Shakhawat, Lovell, John T., Grimwood, Jane, Jenkins, Jerry, Daum, Christopher, Barry, Kerrie W., Carlson, Joseph, Shu, Shengqiang, Phillips, Jeremy, Amirebrahimi, Mojgan, Zane, Matthew, Wang, Mei, Goodstein, David, Haas, Fabian B., Hiss, Manuel, Perroud, Pierre François, Jawdy, Sara S., Yang, Yongil, Hu, Rongbin, Johnson, Jenifer, Kropat, Janette, Gallaher, Sean D., Lipzen, Anna, Shakirov, Eugene V., Weng, Xiaoyu, Torres-Jerez, Ivone, Weers, Brock, Conde, Daniel, Pappas, Marilia R., Liu, Lifeng, Muchlinski, Andrew, Jiang, Hui, Shyu, Christine, Huang, Pu, López Sebastián, José Manuel, Laiben, Carol, Medlin, Alyssa, Carey, Sankalpi, Carrell, Alyssa A., Chen, Jin Gui, Perales, Mariano, Swaminathan, Kankshita, Allona, Isabel, Grattapaglia, Dario, Cooper, Elizabeth A., Tholl, Dorothea, Vogel, John P., Weston, David J., Yang, Xiaohan, Brutnell, Thomas P., Kellogg, Elizabeth A., Baxter, Ivan, Udvardi, Michael, Tang, Yuhong, Mockler, Todd C., Juenger, Thomas E., Mullet, John, Rensing, Stefan A., Tuskan, Gerald A., Merchant, Sabeeha S., Stacey, Gary, and Schmutz, Jeremy

Abstract

Gene functional descriptions offer a crucial line of evidence for candidate genes underlying trait variation. Conversely, plant responses to environmental cues represent important resources to decipher gene function and subsequently provide molecular targets for plant improvement through gene editing. However, biological roles of large proportions of genes across the plant phylogeny are poorly annotated. Here we describe the Joint Genome Institute (JGI) Plant Gene Atlas, an updateable data resource consisting of transcript abundance assays spanning 18 diverse species. To integrate across these diverse genotypes, we analyzed expression profiles, built gene clusters that exhibited tissue/condition specific expression, and tested for transcriptional response to environmental queues. We discovered extensive phylogenetically constrained and condition-specific expression profiles for genes without any previously documented functional annotation. Such conserved expression patterns and tightly co-expressed gene clusters let us assign expression derived additional biological information to 64 495 genes with otherwise unknown functions. The ever-expanding Gene Atlas resource is available at JGI Plant Gene Atlas (https://plantgeneatlas.jgi.doe.gov) and Phytozome (https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/), providing bulk access to data and user-specified queries of gene sets. Combined, these web interfaces let users access differentially expressed genes, track orthologs across the Gene Atlas plants, graphically represent co-expressed genes, and visualize gene ontology and pathway enrichments.

Published
2023

5. The cold-induced factor CBF3 mediates root stem cell activity, regeneration, and developmental responses to cold

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Pucciariello, Ornella [0000-0002-5241-5385], Sanchez-Corrionero, Alvaro [0000-0001-5360-0294], Cabrera, Javier [0000-0002-9277-4876], del Barrio, Cristina [0000-0002-7829-2109], del Pozo, J. C. [0000-0002-4113-457X], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Wabnik, Krzysztof [0000-0001-7263-0560], Moreno-Risueño, Miguel Ángel [0000-0002-9794-1450], Pérez-García, Pablo, Pucciariello, Ornella, Sanchez-Corrionero, Alvaro, Cabrera, Javier, del Barrio, Cristina, del Pozo, J. C., Perales, Mariano, Wabnik, Krzysztof, Moreno-Risueño, Miguel Ángel, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Pucciariello, Ornella [0000-0002-5241-5385], Sanchez-Corrionero, Alvaro [0000-0001-5360-0294], Cabrera, Javier [0000-0002-9277-4876], del Barrio, Cristina [0000-0002-7829-2109], del Pozo, J. C. [0000-0002-4113-457X], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Wabnik, Krzysztof [0000-0001-7263-0560], Moreno-Risueño, Miguel Ángel [0000-0002-9794-1450], Pérez-García, Pablo, Pucciariello, Ornella, Sanchez-Corrionero, Alvaro, Cabrera, Javier, del Barrio, Cristina, del Pozo, J. C., Perales, Mariano, Wabnik, Krzysztof, and Moreno-Risueño, Miguel Ángel

Abstract

Plant growth and development involve the specification and regeneration of stem cell niches (SCNs). Although plants are exposed to disparate environmental conditions, how environmental cues affect developmental programs and stem cells is not well understood. Root stem cells are accommodated in meristems in SCNs around the quiescent center (QC), which maintains their activity. Using a combination of genetics and confocal microscopy to trace morphological defects and correlate them with changes in gene expression and protein levels, we show that the cold-induced transcription factor (TF) C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 3 (CBF3), which has previously been associated with cold acclimation, regulates root development, stem cell activity, and regeneration. CBF3 is integrated into the SHORT-ROOT (SHR) regulatory network, forming a feedback loop that maintains SHR expression. CBF3 is primarily expressed in the root endodermis, whereas the CBF3 protein is localized to other meristematic tissues, including root SCNs. Complementation of cbf3-1 using a wild-type CBF3 gene and a CBF3 fusion with reduced mobility show that CBF3 movement capacity is required for SCN patterning and regulates root growth. Notably, cold induces CBF3, affecting QC activity. Furthermore, exposure to moderate cold around 10°C-12°C promotes root regeneration and QC respecification in a CBF3-dependent manner during the recuperation period. By contrast, CBF3 does not appear to regulate stem cell survival, which has been associated with recuperation from more acute cold (∼4°C). We propose a role for CBF3 in mediating the molecular interrelationships among the cold response, stem cell activity, and development.

Published
2023

6. FLOWERING LOCUS T2 Promotes Shoot Apex Development and Restricts Internode Elongation via the 13-Hydroxylation Gibberellin Biosynthesis Pathway in Poplar

Author

Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Gómez-Soto, Daniela [0000-0003-0318-3079], Allona, Isabel [0000-0002-7012-2850], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Gómez-Soto, Daniela, Allona, Isabel, Perales, Mariano, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Gómez-Soto, Daniela [0000-0003-0318-3079], Allona, Isabel [0000-0002-7012-2850], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Gómez-Soto, Daniela, Allona, Isabel, and Perales, Mariano

Abstract

The adaptation and survival of boreal and temperate perennials relies on the precise demarcation of the growing season. Seasonal growth and development are defined by day length and temperature signals. Under long-day conditions in spring, poplar FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) systemically induces shoot growth. In contrast, FT2 downregulation induced by autumnal short days triggers growth cessation and bud set. However, the molecular role of FT2 in local and long-range signaling is not entirely understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 editing tool was used to generate FT2 loss of function lines of hybrid poplar. Results indicate that FT2 is essential to promote shoot apex development and restrict internode elongation under conditions of long days. The application of bioactive gibberellins (GAs) to apical buds in FT2 loss of function lines was able to rescue bud set. Expression analysis of GA sensing and metabolic genes and hormone quantification revealed that FT2 boosts the 13-hydroxylation branch of the GA biosynthesis pathway in the shoot apex. Paclobutrazol treatment of WT leaves led to limited internode growth in the stem elongation zone. In mature leaves, FT2 was found to control the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway by increasing GA2ox1 and reducing GA3ox2 expression, causing reduced GA1 levels. We here show that in poplar, the FT2 signal promotes shoot apex development and restricts internode elongation through the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway.

Published
2022

7. FLOWERING LOCUS T2 Promotes Shoot Apex Development and Restricts Internode Elongation via the 13-Hydroxylation Gibberellin Biosynthesis Pathway in Poplar

Author

Daniela Gómez-Soto, Isabel Allona, Mariano Perales, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Gómez-Soto, Daniela [0000-0003-0318-3079], Allona, Isabel [0000-0002-7012-2850], Perales, Mariano [0000-0002-7351-8439], Gómez-Soto, Daniela, Allona, Isabel, and Perales, Mariano

Subjects
Shoot apex development, GA 13-hydroxylation pathway, Plant culture, food and beverages, Plant Science, Flowering Locus T (FT), GA1, Gibberellin, Internode elongation, Dormancy-growth cycles, Poplar, SB1-1110
Abstract

12 Pàg., The adaptation and survival of boreal and temperate perennials relies on the precise demarcation of the growing season. Seasonal growth and development are defined by day length and temperature signals. Under long-day conditions in spring, poplar FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) systemically induces shoot growth. In contrast, FT2 downregulation induced by autumnal short days triggers growth cessation and bud set. However, the molecular role of FT2 in local and long-range signaling is not entirely understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 editing tool was used to generate FT2 loss of function lines of hybrid poplar. Results indicate that FT2 is essential to promote shoot apex development and restrict internode elongation under conditions of long days. The application of bioactive gibberellins (GAs) to apical buds in FT2 loss of function lines was able to rescue bud set. Expression analysis of GA sensing and metabolic genes and hormone quantification revealed that FT2 boosts the 13-hydroxylation branch of the GA biosynthesis pathway in the shoot apex. Paclobutrazol treatment of WT leaves led to limited internode growth in the stem elongation zone. In mature leaves, FT2 was found to control the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway by increasing GA2ox1 and reducing GA3ox2 expression, causing reduced GA1 levels. We here show that in poplar, the FT2 signal promotes shoot apex development and restricts internode elongation through the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway., The study was supported by grants PGC2018-093922- B-I00 awarded to IA and MP and SEV-2016-0672 (2017-2021) to the CBGP “Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D” from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain. DG-S has a FPI fellowship (PRE2019-089312) from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion de España

Published
2022

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