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Nationalmuseum i offentlighetens ljus. Framvaxten av tillfalliga utstallningar 1866-1966, Eva-Lena Bergstrom. diss., Umea, Umea universitet. Institutionen for kultur och medier, 2016. 420 sid. ISBN 9789176018644.

In 1817, crown prince Charles John (XIV) of Sweden commissioned a group of monumental marble sculptures from the artist Niklas Bystrom, depicting the three kings: Charles X (Fig. 1), Charles XI (Fi...

Increasingly, wildlife managers and land managers are challenged to maintain the viability of large mammal populations. Although the moose (Alces alces) is an ecologically, economically, and culturally important ungulate species found throughout most of Sweden, little is known about its ecology throughout the southern part of the country. We collected baseline ecological data on spatial and habitat use patterns in urbanized southwestern Sweden by fitting 22 adult moose (13 F, nine M) with global positioning system (GPS) radio collars. Home range size of cows did not differ among seasons (P > 0.10); however, bulls had larger home ranges during fall than all other seasons (P < 0.010). Mean home range size of males during fall and spring was larger than females during any season (P < 0.010). We used a Euclidean distance-based approach to analyze multi-scale habitat selection by moose. Moose of both sexes and during all seasons selected boreal forest and mires when establishing a home range (P < 0.10). Moose had seasonal differences in habitat selection within their home range (P 0.001), and generally selected clear-cuts and early successional forests, mature coniferous forests, and glades, but avoided agricultural areas and open water. Habitat and space use characteristics of moose in our urbanizing study area were similar to characteristics reported for moose in forest-dominated landscapes of Fennoscandia.

Radio-tracking was used to study the habitat utilization of hunting Goshawks Accipiter gentilis in central Swedish boreal forest. Data were collected during September-June, in 1977–1981. There was no major difference between autumn, winter or spring in any aspect of habitat preference, despite seasonal differences in prey composition. Despite the strong reversed sexual size-dimorphism, no habitat segregation between the sexes was found. It is argued that this is due to the lack of prey segregation between the sexes. Goshawks showed a strong preference for mature forest, which was chosen twice as often as would be expected from its prevalence in the environment, whereas the younger successional stages of the forest were under-used. Goshawks preferred large habitat patches, and showed no major preference with respect to tree species composition of the forest. Kills made by radio-tagged Goshawks showed the same habitat- and patch-size distribution as did Goshawk locations in general. It is argued that the profitability of different hunting habitats, and thus habitat preferences, is not only determined by prey density in the habitats, but also by other habitat features influencing the Goshawk's ability to hunt there. Winter home-ranges averaged 5700 ha, considerably larger than Goshawk ranges recorded in areas with richer prey supply.

Ungulate-vehicle accidents accounted for approximately 60% of the total police reported traffic accidents in Sweden during the 1990s. While exclusion fences are effective at reducing such collisions, they create a new threat to wildlife by limiting individual movements and access to resources. To promote movements across fenced highways, wildlife crossing structures have been constructed in many countries. We used infrared remote cameras, track count surveys, and GPS telemetry to monitor the use of a highway overpass by moose (Alces alces) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in southwestern Sweden. Moose and roe deer used the overpass mostly during nocturnal hours (84 and 76%, respectively). Overpass use declined with increased traffic volume on the highway, indicating that highway traffic affected the frequency in which ungulates used the overpass. We calculated that 5–7 individual moose used the overpass annually which is enough to maintain gene flow between otherwise disjunct subpopulations.

Effects of highway fencing and wildlife crossings on moose (Alces alces) movements and space use in soutwestern Sweden

Enhance Secondary and Post-secondary Conservation Learning With International Guest Lectures

The National Portrait gallery of Sweden was created during the 1820s. Its location in a sixteenth century royal palace outside of Stockholm makes it an interesting example of curatorial practices and experiments from a period before the scientification and specialization of museums in the 1850s and onwards. The portrait gallery built on the traditional royal picture galleries, but with the addition of commoners who were considered ‘merited citizens’ worthy to be included in a context of nationalistic pride. The narrative of the gallery was told not only by the portraits, but was also making use of the historical palace interiors and of guide book text that tried to create a mood in the visitor with the help of romanticized anecdotes, poetry, and quotes from plays, novels, and operas. The article focuses upon the curatiorial practices, the relation to other contemporary museums, and other possible sources of inspiration. Att skapa en fosterländsk historia. Adolf Ludvig Stjerneld som kulturarvsproducent, museigrundare, samlare och historieförfalskare

We studied Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) copulation behavior in two geographically separated subpopulations with different breeding densities. In the low density area, the nearest neighbor distance between nests was 7 km, and in the high density area 1.4 km. The frequency of successful copulations was significantly higher in the high density area, 0.65 hr−1 as compared to 0.30 hr−1. Extra-pair copulations were recorded only in the high density area, and extra-pair visits by intruding Ospreys also were more frequent there. There was no relation between copulations and delivery of food or nest material. Our results support the idea that copulation behavior is related to breeding density, but whether or not this is a result of sperm competition or some other social factor remains undetermined.

‘Kungliga samfundet för utgivande av handskrifter rörande Skandinaviens historia’ [Royal society for the publication of manuscripts on Scandinavian history], a society dedicated to the editing and printing of historical source documents, was founded in Stockholm in 1815. Earlier research has focused upon the editorial praxis of the society’s publication, Handlingar rörande Skandinaviens historia. Here I focus more upon the monumental and museological aspects of the society’s work. Viewed as types of national monument, source editions from the romantic era can tell us something about how history was produced and popularised during this period. The source documents printed in Handlingar served as educational tools intended to help the reader better understand history, specifically in this case the history of Sweden. But such editions also functioned – like a museum or a monument – as triggers for emotions, memory, and historicity, and like those other institutions, romantic-period source editions played a significant role in the construction and negotiation of national memory and heritage.

▪ Recent studies indicate that fatty acids are formed in significant concentrations during the composting of organic household residuals. Their presence may be one major reason for depressed germination and seedling development that often result following application of compost. Experimental results in Sweden indicate that at least five to six months should elapse before low levels of fatty acids for cropping are reached in the composts. Further research on fatty acid formation is recommended.

Goshawks were studied in their boreal forest breeding habitat in central Sweden from 1977 to 1982. Nests were regularly spaced, with a nearest neighbour distance of 6.3 km. corresponding to a density of about 3 pairs 100 km−2. Of initiated breedings. 68% were successful. There was no difference in breeding performance between years. Average brood size was 2.7. Sex ratio among first captures of adults was even, but males were recaptured more often than females. Nearly all juveniles left the area in winter. Among radio-tagged adults 20% of the males, and 50% of the females moved out of the area. When moving, both adults and juveniles moved into agricultural areas, the juveniles generally covering longer distances. From autumn to spring, body condition of females improved, whereas that of the males deteriorated. It is argued that the males' stronger tendency to stay in winter is due to the advantage of possessing a territory in early spring. Females, on the other hand, can move to areas with as good food conditions as possible.

We tested the hypothesis that synchronous fluctuations in small game species in boreal Fennoscandia are caused by varying predation pressure. The main prey of predators are the cyclically superabundant voles. Small game species (alternative prey) are rare compared to voles. The following 4 predictions were checked: (1) Predators should shift their diet from main prey to alternative prey as main prey decline. - This was confirmed using data on red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) diet.; (2) The mortality rate of alternative prey should be inversely correlated to the abundance of main prey. - This was true for mountain hare (Lepus timidus L.) mortality rates and the rate of nest predation on black grouse (Tetrao tetrix L.).; (3) The total consumption of prey by all the predators should at least equal the critical losses in alternative prey during a decline year. - A tentative estimate of predator consumption amounted to 10 times the losses in grouse and hare.; and (4) The absence of synchrony between the species in the boreonemoral region should be associated with a more diverse diet of predators. - This was the case for red fox diets throughout Sweden. Although all 4 predictions were confirmed, we could not necessarily exclude other hypotheses involving changes in quality or quantity of plant food.

Predation by goshawks was studied in a central Swedish boreal forest area. Data were collected in winter (January–February) 1977-81 by tracking radio-tagged goshawks, and in the breeding season (April–July) by collecting prey remains at the nest. In the breeding season birds dominated the prey, amounting to 86% of prey number and 91% of prey biomass. Wood pigeon Columba palumbus, black grouse Tetrao tetrix, hooded crow Corvus corone cornix and jay Garrulus glandarius accounted for more than 50% of the prey animals, whereas capercaillie Tetrao urogallus and black grouse accounted for more than 50% of prey biomass. There was no functional response to black grouse density fluctuations. Every year goshawks killed significantly more females than males of both capercaillie and black grouse, due to high vulnerability of the grouse hens while laying and incubating. It was estimated that during spring and early summer goshawk predation removed 25% of the female, and 14% of the male black grouse population. In winter squirrel was the dominating prey, both in terms of number (79%) and weight (56%). The proportion of squirrel in the diet was equally high both in winters of low and high squirrel density. The high proportion of squirrel in the winterdiet, as compared to the breeding season, is believed to be due to squirrels having to accept an increased predation risk in winter, in order to feed efficiently enough.

We examined population fluctuations of the voles Microtus agrestis L. and Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb. by biannual trapping; black grouse Tetrao tetrix L., mountain hare Lepus timidus L., and red fox Vulpes vulpes L. by using bag records from all over Sweden, questionnaires from south-central Sweden, and population indices from Grims6 Wildlife Research Area in south-central Sweden. Synchronous population fluctuations between voles as a group and the other species conformed to a 3-4 year periodic pattern in both autumn and spring populations only in northern and central Sweden (the boreal forest region). Spring populations of boreal forest grouse, hare, and probably also fox, lagged one year behind the voles. The northerly areas also formed geographical units of co-fluctuation within each game species. Using our own data as well as reviewing previous studies in Fennoscandia, we conclude that synchronized 3-4 year population fluctuations of voles and medium-sized herbivores are confined to the central and northern part of Fennoscandia, although voles may exhibit short-term population fluctuations further south. The synchronizing link between the herbivores could be (1) food plant quality and/or quantity and/or (2) predation. We could not reject either of these two plausible mechanisms as a cause of interspecifically synchronous fluctuations.

Synchronized fluctuations in vole and grouse populations in boreal Fennoscandia have been explained as the result of shifting predation pressure: the alternative prey hypothesis. We tested this hypothesis by supplying additional food to predators in only one of two 615 ha areas during the crash in vole density in 1985. As predicted from the hypothesis the proportion of young grouse in autumn was higher in the experimental area than in the control area. Moreover, the proportion decreased in the control area in comparison with the year before, but did not do so in the experimental area. Thus, with respect to synchronized short-term population fluctuations of voles and grouse, we find the hypothesis that predators take only a doomed surplus less probable. However, we cannot discard the hypothesis that grouse decline during years of strong vole decline for example because a poor quality or low quantity of food makes them more vulnerable to predators. Hence, predation is a necessary but perhaps not a sufficient factor in mediating short-term fluctuations from voles to grouse in boreal Fennoscandia.

Lindstrom, E. and Widen, P. 1985. Differences in pre- dation pressure in relation to habitat fragmentation: an experiment. -Oikos 45: 273- 277. In the holarctic zone many medium-sized herbivores exhibit cyclic fluctuations, which generally disappear towards the south. In Fennoscandia, cycles in abundance of te- traonid birds are found within the boreal zone but not south of it. The hypothesis that disappearance of cycles towards the south is due to increased predation pressure, pre- dicts a gradient in predation pressure in Sweden across the border between the boreal zone and the boreo-nemoral zone. This was tested using dummy nests to measure predation pressure. As predicted, we found higher predation rate south of the border and lower predation rate north of it. The rate of predation on experimental dummy nests was correlated with the abundance of corvid birds, which in turn was positively related to the proportion of agricultural land, human density and to the degree of fragmentation of forests. H. Andre'n, P. Angelstam, E. Lindstrom and P. Wide'n, Grimso Wildlife Research Sta- tion, S-770 31 Riddarhyttan, and Dept of Zoology, Univ. of Uppsala, Box 561, S-751

Le renversement du dimorphisme sexuel chez certains rapaces (Falconiformes) serait lie au comportement territorial

sult of the controlled matings. We were (and said so in our discussion) aware of the possibility that the first male may have had an advantage in siring more offspring than subsequent ones. We therefore decided to continue the study to get a reasonable sample of double mated females. We present here additional data which are given in an extended version of the original table (Tab. 1). The result further confirms that brood diversity is caused by multiple matings within seasons (Tab. 1). With respect to biased broods, the tendency for first male advantage is strenghtened. Note that first male advantage is not correlated with the number of heterozygous offspring since first male genotype was randomly chosen. However, female adders frequently mate with more than two males (mean number of matings/female = 3.8, n = 12, Madsen unpubl.) and an analysis based on a two-male system may be an oversimplification of the real situation. We see no reason to change our previous view that female adders produce multiple broods due to multiple matings within seasons, that first male advantage is not a necessary prerequisite for explaining male combat, and that sperm storage may occur.