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Taking into account the importance of Lake Sevan and Lake Sevan basin-s rivers for Armenian economy, the main goals of our investigations were the documentation of water quality and the biodiversity of invertebrates developed in Lake Sevan basin-s rivers and selected tributaries. Moderately satisfied ecological condition for the biodiversity of Lake Sevan basin-s rivers has been established, and the changes in species- composition of zoobenthos in Lake Sevan were detected. A growing tendency of antibiotic resistance among E. coli isolates in water resources has been shown.

The Zung self-depression scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used both to study the depression and anxiety levels of Armenian Crohn’s disease patients, and to reveal the relation between emotional status and placebo effect of these patients. On the other hand, the blood cell analyses and gut bacteria investigations were used to assess the placebo effect on ESR, and haemoglobin-s and leukocyte-s levels as well as gut commensal E. coli quantities of these patients. Despite of registered high levels of depression and anxiety, the high placebo effect on psychoemotional status for investigated patients during the investigations was described. On the other hand, no positive effect of placebo on measurements of ESP and hemoglobin-s levels of Crohn’s disease patients was revealed. The importance of use of psychotherapies for optimal outcomes during treatments of Crohn’s disease is discussed., {"references":["Bardel, \"Factors associated with adherence to drug therapy: a\npopulation-based study\", Eur J Clin Pharmacol, vol. 63, no. 3, 2007, pp.\n307-314.","Beck and R. Steer, Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. San Antonio, TX:\nThe Psychological Corporation Harcourt Brace and Company, 1993.","Chamouard, Patrick; Zoe Richert, Nicolas Meyer, Gabriel Rahmi, René\nBaumann (2006 April). \"Diagnostic Value of C-Reactive Protein for\nPredicting Activity Level of Crohn's Disease\". Clinical Gastroenterology\nand Hepatology. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.02.003. PMID 16630759","Crohn, \"Regional Ileitis\", Ed. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1949, pp.\n15-64.","Drossman, F. Creed, K. Olden, J. Svedlund, B. Toner, and W.\nWhitehead, \"Psychosocial aspects of functional gastrointestinal\ndisorders\", Gut, vol. 45, 1999, pp. 1125-1130","Encyclopedia of clinical laboratorial tests. under red. of Ch. Titz,\n\"Labinform\", Moscow -1997 / Encyclopedia of clinical laboratory tests. Ed. H.Titsa. Ed. \"Labinform\", Moscow\n- 1997/,","Gerbert, \"Psychological aspects of Crohn's disease\", Journal of\nBehavioral Medicine, vol. 3, 1980, pp. 41-58","Holt JG, Krieg NR, Smeath PH, Staley JT and Williams ST. (ed.). 9th ed;\n1994","J. Kirsner, \"Historical origins of current IBD concepts\", World J\nGastroenterol., vol. 7, no.2, 2001, pp. 175-184\n[10] J. Mawdsley, and D. Rampton, \"Psychological stress in IBD: new\ninsights into pathogenic and therapeutic implications\" Gut., vol. 55, no.\n7, 2006, pp. 1053-1054\n[11] K. Meissner, H. Distel, U. Mitzdorf (2007, March 19), Evidence for\nplacebo effects on physical but not on biochemical outcome parameters:\na review of clinical trials, BMC Medicine 2007, 5:3doi:10.1186/1741-\n7015-5-3, Available: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/5/3\n[12] L. Kurina, M. Goldacre, D. Yeates, and L. Gill, \"Depression and anxiety\nin people with inflammatory bowel disease\", J Epidemiol Community\nHealth, vol. 55, 2001, pp. 716-720\n[13] Manvelyan A. M., Balayan M.A., Pepoyan A. Z. The role of gut\nmicroflora in the pathogenesis of Crohn-s disease, to be published, Biol.\nJ. of Armenia-2007, / Manvelyan AM, Balayan, MA, Pepoyan AZ role the intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. BZHA 2007 (in Russian), in press] /\n[14] Okorokov A.N. Diagnostics of the diseases of internal organs, Vol. 1,\nMoscow, 2003, p.255/ Hams AN diagnosis of diseases internal organs. Moscow 2003, Volume 1, p. 255/ \n[15] S. Brescianini, M. Stoll, T. Trinh, S. Schreiber, J. D. Rioux, M. J. Daly,\nIBD5 is associated with an extensive complicated Crohn-s disease\nfeature: implications from genotype-phenotype analysis, Gut\n2007;56:149-150; doi:10.1136/gut.2006.102723, Available:\nhttp://gut.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/56/1/149\n[16] Sands, R. Kozarek, J. Spainhour, C. Barish, S. Becker, L. Goldberg, S.\nKatz, R. Goldblum, R. Harrigan, D. Hilton, and Hanauer, \"Safety and\ntolerability of concurrent natalizumab treatment for patients with\nCrohn's disease not in remission while receiving infliximab\", Inflamm\nBowel Dis., vol. 13, no. 1, 2007, pp. 2-11.\n[17] T. Alander, K. Svardsudd, S. Johansson, and L. Agreus, \"Psychological\nillness is commonly associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders\nand is important to consider during patient consultation: a populationbased\nstudy\", BMC Med, vol. 13, 2005, pp. 3-8\n[18] U. Gophna, K. Sommerfeld, Sh. Gophna, W. Ford Doolittle, Sander J.\nO. Veldhuyzen van Zanten (2006 September 8),Differences between\nTissue-Associated Intestinal Microfloras of Patients with Crohn's\nDisease and Ulcerative Colitis, J Clin Microbiol. 2006 November; Vol.\n44(11): p. 4136-4141, Available:\nhttp://jcm.asm.org/cgi/content/full/44/11/4136\n[19] W. Zung, \"A Self-rating Depression Scale Scale\", Archives of General\nPsychiatry, vol. 12, 1965, pp. 63-70\n[20] http://www.ccfa.org/research/placebo"]}

The Zung self-depression scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to study the depression and anxiety levels of Armenian Crohn's disease patients, as well as to reveal the relation between emotional status and placebo effect of these patients. Despite of registered high levels of depression and anxiety, the high placebo rate during investigations was described. The importance of use of psychotherapies for optimal outcomes during treatments of Crohn's disease is obvious., {"references":["T. Alander, K. Svardsudd, S. Johansson, and L. Agreus, \"Psychological\nillness is commonly associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders\nand is important to consider during patient consultation: a populationbased\nstudy\", BMC Med, vol. 13, 2005, pp. 3-8.","Bardel, \"Factors associated with adherence to drug therapy: a\npopulation-based study\", Eur J Clin Pharmacol, vol. 63, no. 3, 2007, pp.\n307-314.","Beck and R. Steer, Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. San Antonio, TX:\nThe Psychological Corporation Harcourt Brace and Company, 1993.","Crohn, \"Regional Ileitis\", Ed. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1949, pp.\n15-64.","Drossman, F. Creed, K. Olden, J. Svedlund, B. Toner, and W.\nWhitehead, \"Psychosocial aspects of functional gastrointestinal\ndisorders\", Gut, vol. 45, 1999, pp. 1125-1130.","Gerbert, \"Psychological aspects of Crohn's disease\", Journal of\nBehavioral Medicine, vol. 3, 1980, pp. 41-58.","J. Kirsner, \"Historical origins of current IBD concepts\", World J\nGastroenterol., vol. 7, no.2, 2001, pp. 175-184.","L. Kurina, M. Goldacre, D. Yeates, and L. Gill, \"Depression and anxiety\nin people with inflammatory bowel disease\", J Epidemiol Community\nHealth, vol. 55, 2001, pp. 716-720.","J. Mawdsley, and D. Rampton, \"Psychological stress in IBD: new\ninsights into pathogenic and therapeutic implications\" Gut., vol. 55, no.\n7, 2006, pp. 1053-1054.\n[10] Sands, R. Kozarek, J. Spainhour, C. Barish, S. Becker, L. Goldberg, S.\nKatz, R. Goldblum, R. Harrigan, D. Hilton, and Hanauer, \"Safety and\ntolerability of concurrent natalizumab treatment for patients with\nCrohn's disease not in remission while receiving infliximab\", Inflamm\nBowel Dis., vol. 13, no. 1, 2007, pp. 2-11.\n[11] W. Zung, \"A Self-rating Depression Scale Scale\", Archives of General\nPsychiatry, vol. 12, 1965, pp. 63-70."]}