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1. Screening for colorectal cancer in Italy: 2011-2012 survey

Author

Zorzi, Manuel, Da Re, Filippo, Mantellini, Paola, Naldoni, Carlo, De Bianchi, Priscilla Sassoli, Senore, Carlo, Turrin, Anna, Visioli, Carmen Beatriz, Zappa, Marco, Crotta, S., Senore, C., Polizzi, S., Sartori, M., Alibrandi, M. P., Germinetti, F., Bestagini, P., Orione, L., Miroglio, T., Faragli, G., Cereda, D., Coppola, L., Zerbi, L., Gramegna, M., Tessandri, L., Imbrogno, P., Rocca, G., Pesenti, B., Schivardi, M., Crisetig, M., Grassi, E., Speziani, F., Gola, G., Gotti, S., Dal Soldà, M., Boldori, L., Moretti, G., Ilardo, A., Ieni, A, Belloni, A., Rossetti, E., Marazza, G., Anghinoni, E., Silvestri, A., Tidone, E., Frammartino, B., Leonardo, N., Deandrea, S., Ceresa, P., Beghi, G., Lucchini, R., Acerbi, L., Lo Buono, F., Cavalieri D'Oro, L., Magenes, G., Camana, L., Cioccarelli, A. M., Fanetti, A. C., Cecconami, L., Bardelli, R., Violini, M., Sambo, F., Domenighini, S., Pieracci, G., Pertile, R., Piffer, S., Fedato, C., Franzo, A., Fabro, J., Gobbato, M., Zanier, L., Bonelli, L., Orlando, M., Vaccari, D., Franxo, A., Scotto, M., Valle, I., Ferrari Bravo, M., Sticchi, C., Maddalo, F., Pensa, F., Naldoni, C., Sassoli De Bianchi, P., Landi, P., Borciani, E., Fornari, F., Gatti, G., Zurlini, C., Zatelli, M., Maradini, F., Paterlini, L., Campari, C., Sassatelli, R., Corradini, R., Goldoni, C., Pasquini, A., Manfredi, M., Baldazzi, P., Nannini, R., Caprara, L., Carpanelli, M. C., Zoli, G., Matarese, V., Triossi, O., Serafini, M., Vitali, B., Falcini, F., Colamartini, A., Giuliani, O., Vattiato, R., Palazzi, M., Imolesi, C., Pazzi, P., Canuti, D., Casale, C., Giovanardi, M., Monticelli, G., Nicolai, C., Vivani, P., Giorgi, D., Finucci, G., Rapanà, M., Epifani, C., Abdelghani, L., Allegrini, G., Maffei, C., Turillazzi, R., Mirri, F., Ceccatelli, P., Rosati, R., Piacentini, P., Visioli, C. B., Falini, P., Amico, P., Ciabattoni, C., Giaimo, M., Prandini, S., Vinti, G., Di Marco, A., Malaspina, M., Corvetti, R., Di Furia, L., Barca, A., Baiocchi, D., Quadrino, F., Di Giacomo, M., Lattanzio, F. M., Minna, M., Di Credico, A., Pizzuti, R., Sigillito, A., Montesi, M. P., Landro, T., Giorno, A., Santino, M., Magrì, G., Ferrara, G., and Masala, R.

Subjects
Flexible sigmoidoscopy, National survey, Faecal immunochemical test, Italy, Colorectal cancer, Screening, Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health
Published
2015

29. Screening for colorectal cancer in Italy: 2011-2012 survey

Author

Zorzi, M., Da Re, F., Mantellini, P., Naldoni, C., Bianchi, P. S., Senore, C., Turrin, A., Visioli, C. B., Zappa, M., Crotta, S., Polizzi, S., Sartori, M., Alibrandi, M. P., Germinetti, F., Bestagini, P., Orione, L., Miroglio, T., Faragli, G., Cereda, D., Coppola, L., Zerbi, L., Gramegna, M., Tessandri, L., Imbrogno, P., Rocca, G., Pesenti, B., Schivardi, M., Crisetig, M., Grassi, E., Speziani, F., Gola, G., Gotti, S., Dal Soldà, M., Boldori, L., Moretti, G., Ilardo, A., Belloni, A., Rossetti, E., Marazza, G., Anghinoni, E., Silvestri, A., Tidone, E., Frammartino, B., Leonardo, N., Deandrea, S., Ceresa, P., Beghi, G., Lucchini, R., Acerbi, L., Lo Buono, F., Cavalieri D Oro, L., Magenes, G., Camana, L., Cioccarelli, A. M., Fanetti, A. C., Cecconami, L., Bardelli, R., Violini, M., Sambo, F., Domenighini, S., Pieracci, G., Pertile, R., Piffer, S., Fedato, C., Franzo, A., Fabro, J., Gobbato, M., Zanier, L., Bonelli, L., Orlando, M., Vaccari, D., Franxo, A., Scotto, M., Valle, I., Ferrari Bravo, M., Sticchi, C., Maddalo, F., Pensa, F., Sassoli Bianchi, P., Landi, P., Borciani, E., Fornari, F., Gatti, G., Zurlini, C., Zatelli, M., Maradini, F., Paterlini, L., Cinzia Campari, Sassatelli, R., Corradini, R., Goldoni, C., Pasquini, A., Manfredi, M., Baldazzi, P., Nannini, R., Caprara, L., Carpanelli, M. C., Zoli, G., Matarese, V., Triossi, O., Serafini, M., Vitali, B., Falcini, F., Colamartini, A., Giuliani, O., Vattiato, R., Palazzi, M., Imolesi, C., Pazzi, P., Canuti, D., Casale, C., Giovanardi, M., Monticelli, G., Nicolai, C., Vivani, P., Giorgi, D., Finucci, G., Rapanà, M., Epifani, C., Abdelghani, L., Allegrini, G., Maffei, C., Turillazzi, R., Mirri, F., Ceccatelli, P., Rosati, R., Piacentini, P., Falini, P., Amico, P., Ciabattoni, C., Giaimo, M., Prandini, S., Vinti, G., Di Marco, A., Malaspina, M., Corvetti, R., Di Furia, L., Barca, A., Baiocchi, D., Quadrino, F., Di Giacomo, M., Lattanzio, F. M., Minna, M., Di Credico, A., Pizzuti, R., Sigillito, A., Montesi, M. P., Landro, T., Giorno, A., Santino, M., Magrì, G., Ferrara, G., and Masala, R.

30. Relationship between human mammaglobin mRNA expression in breast cancer tissue and clinico-pathologic features of the tumors

Author

Roncella, S., Ferro, P., Bacigalupo, B., Dessanti, P., Giannico, A., Gorji, N., Moroni, M., Tozzini, S., Pensa, F., Gianquinto, D., Fais, F., Paolo Pronzato, and Fedeli, F.

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast, Mammaglobin A, Breast Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Ki-67 Antigen, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Uteroglobin, Female, RNA, Messenger, Receptors, Progesterone, Aged
Abstract

Human mammaglobin (hMAM) has recently been recognized as a breast associated glycoprotein. Although the biological role of hMAM is unknown, it has been previously reported that hMAM gene expression is a marker of low biological and clinical aggressiveness of breast cancer (BC). In this study, 148 cases of BC tissues were investigated for hMAM mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In order to evaluate its prognostic value, hMAM was correlated with age of patients, type and size of tumor, nodal stage, histologic grade, c-erbB-2 over expression, Ki67 labelling index, estrogen receptor (ER) status and progesterone receptor (PGR) status. Fisher's exact test was used to examine the association between different parameters and hMAM. hMAM was expressed in 138/148 (93%) of BC tissues examined. Among the 10 hMAM negative cases, 8 were invasive ductal carcinomas (microscopically higher G3 grade) and 2 infiltrating lobular carcinomas. We found a significant association (p = 0.020) between absence of hMAM mRNA and G3 histologic grade but not with any other prognostic parameters studied. The present study indicates that lack of hMAM expression is restricted to the BC with G3 grading. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological basis and the clinical significance of our results.

31. Screening for colorectal cancer in Italy: 2011-2012 survey

Author

Zorzi, M., Da Re, F., Mantellini, P., Naldoni, C., Bianchi, P. S., Senore, C., Turrin, A., Visioli, C. B., Zappa, M., Crotta, S., Polizzi, S., Sartori, M., Alibrandi, M. P., Germinetti, F., Bestagini, P., Orione, L., Miroglio, T., Faragli, G., danilo Cereda, Coppola, L., Zerbi, L., Gramegna, M., Tessandri, L., Imbrogno, P., Rocca, G., Pesenti, B., Schivardi, M., Crisetig, M., Grassi, E., Speziani, F., Gola, G., Gotti, S., Dal Soldà, M., Boldori, L., Moretti, G., Ilardo, A., Belloni, A., Rossetti, E., Marazza, G., Anghinoni, E., Silvestri, A., Tidone, E., Frammartino, B., Leonardo, N., Deandrea, S., Ceresa, P., Beghi, G., Lucchini, R., Acerbi, L., Lo Buono, F., Cavalieri D Oro, L., Magenes, G., Camana, L., Cioccarelli, A. M., Fanetti, A. C., Cecconami, L., Bardelli, R., Violini, M., Sambo, F., Domenighini, S., Pieracci, G., Pertile, R., Piffer, S., Fedato, C., Franzo, A., Fabro, J., Gobbato, M., Zanier, L., Bonelli, L., Orlando, M., Vaccari, D., Franxo, A., Scotto, M., Valle, I., Ferrari Bravo, M., Sticchi, C., Maddalo, F., Pensa, F., Sassoli Bianchi, P., Landi, P., Borciani, E., Fornari, F., Gatti, G., Zurlini, C., Zatelli, M., Maradini, F., Paterlini, L., Campari, C., Sassatelli, R., Corradini, R., Goldoni, C., Pasquini, A., Manfredi, M., Baldazzi, P., Nannini, R., Caprara, L., Carpanelli, M. C., Zoli, G., Matarese, V., Triossi, O., Serafini, M., Vitali, B., Falcini, F., Colamartini, A., Giuliani, O., Vattiato, R., Palazzi, M., Imolesi, C., Pazzi, P., Canuti, D., Casale, C., Giovanardi, M., Monticelli, G., Nicolai, C., Vivani, P., Giorgi, D., Finucci, G., Rapanà, M., Epifani, C., Abdelghani, L., Allegrini, G., Maffei, C., Turillazzi, R., Mirri, F., Ceccatelli, P., Rosati, R., Piacentini, P., Falini, P., Amico, P., Ciabattoni, C., Giaimo, M., Prandini, S., Vinti, G., Di Marco, A., Malaspina, M., Corvetti, R., Di Furia, L., Barca, A., Baiocchi, D., Quadrino, F., Di Giacomo, M., Lattanzio, F. M., Minna, M., Di Credico, A., Pizzuti, R., Sigillito, A., Montesi, M. P., Landro, T., Giorno, A., Santino, M., Magrì, G., Ferrara, G., and Masala, R.

35. Using a citizen science program to monitor coral reef biodiversity through space and time

Author

Simone Branchini, Maria Elena Sillingardi, Corrado Piccinetti, Lisa Mattielli, Anna Collavo, Bianca Maria Tonucci, Francesco Pensa, Patrizia Neri, Stefano Goffredo, Francesco Zaccanti, Branchini, S., Pensa, F., Neri, P., Tonucci, B. M., Mattielli, L., Collavo, A., Sillingardi, M. E., Piccinetti, C., Zaccanti, F., and Goffredo, S.

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Environmental change, National park, SCUBA diver, Biodiversity, Environmental monitoring, Coral reef, Citizen science, Red Sea, Ecosystem services, Fishery, Volunteers in research, Recreation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Coral reefs are the most biodiverse ecosystems of the ocean and they provide notable ecosystem services. Large-scale monitoring is necessary to understand the effects of anthropogenic threats and environmental change on coral reef habitats and citizen science programs can support this effort. Seventy-two marine taxa found in the Red Sea were surveyed by non-specialist volunteers during their regular recreational dives, using SCUBA Tourism for the Environment (STE) questionnaires. Over a period of 4-years, 7,125 divers completed 17,905 questionnaires (14,487 diving hours). Validation trials were carried out to assess the data reliability (Cronbach’s alpha >50 % in 83.6 % of validation trials), showing that non-specialists performed similarly to conservation volunteer divers on accurate transect. The resulting sightings-based index showed that the biodiversity status did not change significantly within the project time scale, but revealed spatial trends across areas subjected to different protection strategies. Higher biodiversity values were found in Sharm el-Sheikh, within protected Ras Mohammed National Park and Tiran Island, than in the less-regulated Hurghada area. Citizen science programs like STEproject represent novel, reliable, cost-effective models for biodiversity monitoring, which can be sustained and embedded within long-term monitoring programmes, and extended to include a wider geographical scale, while increasing the environmental education of the public.

Published
2014
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36. Engaging people in marine biodiversity monitoring programs

Author

BRANCHINI, SIMONE, PENSA, FRANCESCO, PICCINETTI, CORRADO, ZACCANTI, FRANCESCO, GOFFREDO, STEFANO, NERI, PATRIZIA, Tonucci, B. M., Mattielli, L., Collavo, A., Sillingardi, M. E., Garuti, A., S. Brodersen, M. S. Jørgensen, Branchini, S., Pensa, F., Neri, P., Tonucci, B. M., Mattielli, L., Collavo, A., Sillingardi, M. E., Garuti, A., Piccinetti, C., Zaccanti, F., and Goffredo, S.

Published
2014

37. Using the citizen science program to monitor coral reef biodiversity through space and time

Author

BRANCHINI, SIMONE, PENSA, FRANCESCO, PICCINETTI, CORRADO, ZACCANTI, FRANCESCO, GOFFREDO, STEFANO, NERI, PATRIZIA, Tonucci B. M., Garuti A., Serafini V., Siroli M., Meschini M., Mattielli L., Collavo A., Sillingardi M. E., H. Benayahu, O. Levy, T. Lotan, Branchini S., Pensa F., Neri P., Tonucci B. M., Garuti A., Serafini V., Siroli M., Meschini M., Mattielli L., Collavo A., Sillingardi M. E., Piccinetti C., Zaccanti F., and Goffredo S.

Published
2013

38. Unite research with what citizens do for fun: 'recreational monitoring' of marine biodiversity

Author

Patrizia Neri, Francesco Zaccanti, Antonio Orlandi, Maria Scola Gagliardi, Francesco Pensa, Stefano Goffredo, Angela Velardi, Corrado Piccinetti, Goffredo S., Pensa F., Neri P., Orlandi A., Scola Gagliardi M., Velardi A., Piccinetti C., and Zaccanti F.

Subjects
Volunteers, volunteers in research, Biodiversity, Certification, citizen science, Environmental monitoring, Citizen science, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, Humans, Recreation, Ecosystem, education, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, SCUBA diver, Reproducibility of Results, Reference data, Environmental education, Geography, Research Design, Scale (social sciences), business, human activities, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Institutes often lack funds and manpower to perform large-scale biodiversity monitoring. Citizens can be involved, contributing to the collection of data, thus decreasing costs. Underwater research requires specialist skills and SCUBA certification, and it can be difficult to involve volunteers. The aim of this study was to involve large numbers of recreational divers in marine biodiversity monitoring for increasing the environmental education of the public and collecting data on the status of marine biodiversity. Here we show that thousands of recreational divers can be enrolled in a short time. Using specially formulated questionnaires, nonspecialist volunteers reported the presence of 61 marine taxa encountered during recreational dives, performed as regular sport dives. Validation trials were carried out to assess the accuracy and consistency of volunteer-recorded data, and these were compared to reference data collected by an experienced researcher. In the majority of trials (76%) volunteers performed with an accuracy and consistency of 50-80%, comparable to the performance of conservation volunteer divers on precise transects in other projects. The recruitment of recreational divers involved the main diving and tour operators in Italy, a popular scientific magazine, and mass media. During the four-year study, 3825 divers completed 18 757 questionnaires, corresponding to 13 539 diving hours. The volunteer-sightings-based index showed that in the monitored area the biodiversity status did not change significantly within the project time scale, but there was a significant negative correlation with latitude, suggesting improved quality in the southernmost areas. This trend could be related to the presence of stressors in the northern areas and has been supported by investigations performed by the Italian Ministry of the Environment. The greatest limitation with using volunteers to collect data was the uneven spatial distribution of samples. The benefits were the considerable amounts of data collected over short time periods and at low costs. The successful development of citizen-based monitoring programs requires open-mindedness in the academic community; advantages of citizen involvement in research are not only adding large data sets to the ecological knowledge base but also aiding in the environmental education of the public

Published
2011

42. 2002-2005 Divers for the environment. Mediterranean underwater biodiversity project. Monitoring in collaboration with the industry of underwater tourism: results after three years of research

Author

GOFFREDO, STEFANO, PENSA, FRANCESCO, PICCINETTI, CORRADO, ZACCANTI, FRANCESCO, Orlandi A., NERI, PATRIZIA, Scola Gagliardi M., Velardi A., Goffredo S., Orlandi A., Neri P., Scola Gagliardi M., Velardi A., Pensa F., Piccinetti C., and Zaccanti F.

Subjects
monitoring, Mediterranean, underwater tourism, human activities, biodiversity
Abstract

Institutes often lack funds and manpower to perform large scale biodiversity monitoring. Citizens can be involved, contributing to the collection of data, thus decreasing costs. Underwater research requires specialist skills and SCUBA certification and it can be difficult to involve volunteers. The aim of this study was to involve large numbers of recreational divers in marine biodiversity monitoring for (1) increasing the environmental education of the public; and (2) collecting data on the status of marine biodiversity. Here we show that thousands of recreational divers can be enrolled in a short time. Using specially formulated questionnaires, non-specialist volunteers reported the presence of 61 marine taxa encountered during recreational dives, performed as regular sport dives. Validation trials were carried out to assess the accuracy and consistency of volunteer-recorded data, and these were compared to reference data collected by an experienced researcher. In the majority of trials (76%) volunteers performed with an accuracy and consistency of 50-80%, which are comparable to the performance of conservation volunteer divers on precise transects in other projects. The recruitment of recreational divers involved the main diving and tour operators in Italy, a popular scientific magazine, and mass media. During the four-year study, 3825 divers completed 18 757 questionnaires, corresponding to 13 539 diving hours. The volunteer sightings-based index showed that in the monitored area the environmental quality did not change significantly within the project time scale, but there was a significant negative correlation with latitude, suggesting improved quality in the southernmost areas. This trend could be related to the presence of stressors in the northern areas, and has been supported by investigations performed by the Italian Ministry of the Environment. The greatest limitation with using volunteers to collect data was the uneven spatial distribution of samples. The benefits were the considerable amounts of data collected over short time periods and at low costs. The successful development of citizen-based monitoring programs requires open-mindedness in the academic community; advantages of citizen involvement in research are not only adding large datasets to the ecological knowledge base but also in the environmental education of the public.

Published
2006

45. Unite research with what citizens do for fun: "recreational monitoring" of marine biodiversity.

Author

Goffredo S, Pensa F, Neri P, Orlandi A, Gagliardi MS, Velardi A, Piccinetti C, and Zaccanti F

Subjects
Animals, Ecosystem, Humans, Mediterranean Sea, Reproducibility of Results, Volunteers, Biodiversity, Environmental Monitoring methods, Recreation, Research Design
Abstract

Institutes often lack funds and manpower to perform large-scale biodiversity monitoring. Citizens can be involved, contributing to the collection of data, thus decreasing costs. Underwater research requires specialist skills and SCUBA certification, and it can be difficult to involve volunteers. The aim of this study was to involve large numbers of recreational divers in marine biodiversity monitoring for increasing the environmental education of the public and collecting data on the status of marine biodiversity. Here we show that thousands of recreational divers can be enrolled in a short time. Using specially formulated questionnaires, nonspecialist volunteers reported the presence of 61 marine taxa encountered during recreational dives, performed as regular sport dives. Validation trials were carried out to assess the accuracy and consistency of volunteer-recorded data, and these were compared to reference data collected by an experienced researcher. In the majority of trials (76%) volunteers performed with an accuracy and consistency of 50-80%, comparable to the performance of conservation volunteer divers on precise transects in other projects. The recruitment of recreational divers involved the main diving and tour operators in Italy, a popular scientific magazine, and mass media. During the four-year study, 3825 divers completed 18757 questionnaires, corresponding to 13539 diving hours. The volunteer-sightings-based index showed that in the monitored area the biodiversity status did not change significantly within the project time scale, but there was a significant negative correlation with latitude, suggesting improved quality in the southernmost areas. This trend could be related to the presence of stressors in the northern areas and has been supported by investigations performed by the Italian Ministry of the Environment. The greatest limitation with using volunteers to collect data was the uneven spatial distribution of samples. The benefits were the considerable amounts of data collected over short time periods and at low costs. The successful development of citizen-based monitoring programs requires open-mindedness in the academic community; advantages of citizen involvement in research are not only adding large data sets to the ecological knowledge base but also aiding in the environmental education of the public.

Published
2010
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46. Relationship between human mammaglobin mRNA expression in breast cancer tissue and clinico-pathologic features of the tumors.

Author

Roncella S, Ferro P, Bacigalupo B, Dessanti P, Giannico A, Gorji N, Moroni M, Tozzini S, Pensa F, Gianquinto D, Fais F, Pronzato P, and Fedeli F

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast metabolism, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast pathology, Cell Line, Tumor, Female, Humans, Ki-67 Antigen biosynthesis, Mammaglobin A, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Proteins genetics, Neoplasm Proteins metabolism, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Receptors, Progesterone metabolism, Uteroglobin genetics, Uteroglobin metabolism, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Neoplasm Proteins biosynthesis, Uteroglobin biosynthesis
Abstract

Human mammaglobin (hMAM) has recently been recognized as a breast associated glycoprotein. Although the biological role of hMAM is unknown, it has been previously reported that hMAM gene expression is a marker of low biological and clinical aggressiveness of breast cancer (BC). In this study, 148 cases of BC tissues were investigated for hMAM mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In order to evaluate its prognostic value, hMAM was correlated with age of patients, type and size of tumor, nodal stage, histologic grade, c-erbB-2 over expression, Ki67 labelling index, estrogen receptor (ER) status and progesterone receptor (PGR) status. Fisher's exact test was used to examine the association between different parameters and hMAM. hMAM was expressed in 138/148 (93%) of BC tissues examined. Among the 10 hMAM negative cases, 8 were invasive ductal carcinomas (microscopically higher G3 grade) and 2 infiltrating lobular carcinomas. We found a significant association (p = 0.020) between absence of hMAM mRNA and G3 histologic grade but not with any other prognostic parameters studied. The present study indicates that lack of hMAM expression is restricted to the BC with G3 grading. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological basis and the clinical significance of our results.

Published
2006

47. Lung cancer mortality in a district of La Spezia (Italy) exposed to air pollution from industrial plants.

Author

Parodi S, Baldi R, Benco C, Franchini M, Garrone E, Vercelli M, Pensa F, Puntoni R, and Fontana V

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Air Pollution adverse effects, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Female, Humans, Incineration, Industry, Italy epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Poisson Distribution, Power Plants, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Smoking adverse effects, Socioeconomic Factors, Inhalation Exposure adverse effects, Lung Neoplasms chemically induced, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Urban Population statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Aims and Background: In the last decades, many epidemiological studies have implicated outdoor environmental carcinogens in the onset of lung cancer. The present investigation evaluated lung cancer mortality in two areas of the Province of La Spezia (Northern Italy) exposed to environmental pollution emitted by a coal-fired power station and other industrial sources, including a waste incinerator., Methods: In the two exposed areas, lung cancer mortality risk for the 1988-1996 calendar period was evaluated using the whole Province population as referent. The corresponding relative risks (RR) were estimated after controlling for age structure, urban/rural gradient and deprivation factors (occupation, education, home ownership, housing conditions and family structure) by a Poisson regression modeling. The geographic pattern of risk for the whole province was evaluated via the Besag, York and Mollié (BYM) bayesian model., Results: Persons living in urban areas showed the highest rates in both sexes. No statistically significant risk excess was found in the two exposed areas among males, after excluding rural and semi-rural zones from the analyses (RR = 1.03 and RR = 0.77). In contrast, a risk excess was observed for females in both exposed areas, which remained elevated and statistically significant (P <0.05) after restriction to urban/semi-urban municipalities and after controlling for deprivation factors (RR = 1.54 and RR = 2.14, respectively). Bayesian mapping confirmed the rural/urban gradient and the risk excess observed in females near the industrial sites., Conclusions: The risk observed among females is consistent with pollution measurements and with other epidemiologic findings, whereas a strong confounding from occupational exposures and smoking habit could account for the lack of an excess risk in males. However, the ecologic nature of this investigation prevented drawing a causal inference. The pollution-related risk observed in the female gender is an important clue that deserves further epidemiologic attention.

Published
2004
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48. Sequential high dose-density chemotherapy with two active regimens for advanced small cell lung cancer.

Author

Vigani A, Pensa F, Vaira F, Bancalari L, Cordani S, Maggiani R, Canessa P, and Pronzato P

Subjects
Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Carcinoma, Small Cell pathology, Cisplatin administration & dosage, Cyclophosphamide administration & dosage, Drug Administration Schedule, Epirubicin administration & dosage, Etoposide administration & dosage, Female, Filgrastim, Hemoglobins analysis, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Platelet Count, Recombinant Proteins, Vincristine administration & dosage, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Carcinoma, Small Cell drug therapy, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor therapeutic use, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy
Abstract

16 patients with advanced small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide (1000 mg/m2 day 1), epidoxorubicin (60 mg/m2 day 1) and vincristine (1.4 mg/m2 day 1) every 14 days for six cycles followed by a combination of cisplatin (40 mg/m2 days 1 & 2) and etoposide (100 mg/m2 days 1-3) every 14 days for four cycles. Shortening of intervals was obtained with the prophylactic employment of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim, 300 mcg subcutaneously from day 5 to dsy 10). In 11 patients ratio between actually delivered dose intensity and planned dose intensity of > 80% was obtained. Toxicity was acceptable and no life-threatening toxicities were observed. An objective response (partial or complete) was observed in 11 patients. The new regimen, incorporating the concepts of dose-intensification and sequential administration of regimens, is feasible and may be considered for further studies.

Published
2000

49. Sequential high dose-density chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer.

Author

Tognoni A, Pronzato P, Cadenotti L, Ghio E, Manna N, Pensa F, and Marino L

Subjects
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell drug therapy, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, CA-125 Antigen blood, Carcinoma, Endometrioid drug therapy, Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell drug therapy, Cisplatin administration & dosage, Cyclophosphamide administration & dosage, Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous drug therapy, Disease-Free Survival, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Epirubicin administration & dosage, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Neoplasm Staging, Ovarian Neoplasms mortality, Ovarian Neoplasms pathology, Paclitaxel administration & dosage, Pilot Projects, Reference Values, Survival Rate, Time Factors, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Ovarian Neoplasms drug therapy
Abstract

Introduction of paclitaxel or anthracyclines can improve the results of chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer. Dose intensification (by shortening of intervals between cycles) and sequential administration of active regimens at least theoretically may improve chemotherapy effectiveness. 18 patients entered into a pilot trial of combination chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of cisplatin 50 mg/m2, epidoxorubicin 60 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 every 14 days for six cycles, followed by paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 (3-hour infusion) every 14 days for four cycles. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor at 300 mcg was employed between cycles on days 5-10. 16 out of 18 patients who entered the study received a full dose chemotherapy with a ratio between actually received and planned dose intensity of 0.8 or more. No life-threatening side effect was observed and toxicity was acceptable. This new approach based on sequential administration of active regimens at high dose intensity proved feasible, active and devoid of unacceptable toxicity. The administration the booth of paclitaxel and epidoxorubicin with cisplatin and cyclophopshamide has been rendered possible. Further studies are warranted.

Published
2000

50. Effect of fenretinide on bone mineral density and metabolism in women with early breast cancer.

Author

Decensi A, Torrisi R, Gozza A, Severi G, Bertelli G, Fontana V, Pensa F, Carozzo L, Traverso A, Milone S, Dini D, and Costa A

Subjects
Aged, Bone and Bones metabolism, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Anticarcinogenic Agents adverse effects, Bone Density drug effects, Bone and Bones drug effects, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Fenretinide adverse effects
Abstract

Prolonged administration of natural or synthetic retinoids has been associated with significant skeletal abnormalities, including osteoporosis. We studied the effects of the synthetic retinoid fenretinide (N-4-hydroxyphenylretinamide, or 4-HPR) administered for a mean of 40 months on bone mineral density and metabolism in 66 consecutive women with early breast cancer belonging to a secondary prevention trial. The mean (+/-SD) bone mineral density at the distal and ultradistal forearm were, respectively, 0.61+/-0.08 and 0.30+/-0.05 g/cm2 in 33 treated women and 0.62+/-0.07 and 0.29+/-0.07 g/cm2 in 33 control women (p = ns for both). Also, no significant difference was observed in markers of bone formation such as bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, nor in urinary bone resorption markers such as calcium, hydroxyproline, and type I bone collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx). However, a border-line higher excretion of urinary calcium and NTx was found in the 4-HPR group after adjustment for menopausal status. We conclude that prolonged administration of 4-HPR is not associated with significant alterations of bone mineral density of the forearm. However, a trend towards an increase in bone resorption markers suggests the need for further assessment at different skeletal sites.

Published
1999
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