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3. Understanding the Impact of Using Mass Media as a Pedagogical Tool for Nutrition Education of Healthcare Workers in the Community College Classroom

Author

Shumaker Jeffrey, Penny Michelle

Abstract

Nutrition-related messages inundate mass media advertisements in the United States but it is unclear as to how those messages affect a person's food selection behavior and awareness of nutrient and non-nutrient message content. This dissertation is a culmination of research examining the use of mass media (television and print) as a pedagogical tool to evaluate food selection and content awareness in advertisements for a health science community college nutrition course. A mixed-methods, pretest-posttest design included a total of fifty-nine participants from four nutrition classes; two classes received traditional instruction (control) and two classes incorporated mass media within the course content (treatment). All four classes were taught by a single nutrition instructor. Both groups were given pre and post-course surveys to evaluate questions related to the awareness of nutritional food-related advertisements in mass media. Media interpretation exercises were given pre and post-course course to measure awareness about content (nutrition and non-nutrition) of nutritional food-related advertisements. Additionally, fifteen students were interviewed pre and post-course to gain an understanding about their awareness of nutritional messages in food-related advertisements. The findings from this study are presented in two manuscripts that include further discussion of how current behavioral theories used in nutrition education relate to the findings. The first manuscript of this study examines the impact of using print and television mass media during nutrition instruction on reported food selection behaviors. Results showed there were few significant differences in food selection relative to mass media within and between control and treatment groups pre to postcourse. Interviews suggested that food behaviors are firmly grounded in beliefs and attitudes. Furthermore, the influence of mass media as a pedagogical strategy for this nutrition course did not change reported eating behaviors. The second manuscript of this study examines the effects of using print and television mass media as a pedagogical tool to increase students' awareness of nutrition in advertising. Survey results showed that there are no differences in awareness of food-related advertisements seen in television or print for students in the control group as compared to students who received mass media (television and print) as an instructional tool. The media interpretation exercise indicated limited differences in awareness about content (nutrition and non-nutrition) of nutritional food-related advertisements for participants who received mass media as an instructional tool as compared to those in the control group post-course. Interviews indicated that students in both groups reported that they were more aware at postcourse of advertisement content including message, nutrition, visual and emotional emphases. However, a tally of the number of students who commented about the coded themes indicated that the treatment group had an overall decrease in the number of students that commented about the message, nutrition, visual or emotional aspect of the advertisements while the control group had an increase. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2011

5. Large eQTL meta-analysis reveals differing patterns between cerebral cortical and cerebellar brain regions

Author

Sieberts, Solveig K., Perumal, Thanneer M., Carrasquillo, Minerva M., Allen, Mariet, Reddy, Joseph S., Hoffman, Gabriel E., Dang, Kristen K., Calley, John, Ebert, Philip J., Eddy, James, Wang, Xue, Greenwood, Anna K., Mostafavi, Sara, Akbarian, Schahram, Bendl, Jaroslav, Breen, Michael S., Brennand, Kristen, Brown, Leanne, Browne, Andrew, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Charney, Alexander, Chess, Andrew, Couto, Lizette, Crawford, Greg, Devillers, Olivia, Devlin, Bernie, Dobbyn, Amanda, Domenici, Enrico, Filosi, Michele, Flatow, Elie, Francoeur, Nancy, Fullard, John, Gil, Sergio Espeso, Girdhar, Kiran, Gulyás-Kovács, Attila, Gur, Raquel, Hahn, Chang-Gyu, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hauberg, Mads Engel, Huckins, Laura, Jacobov, Rivky, Jiang, Yan, Johnson, Jessica S., Kassim, Bibi, Kim, Yungil, Klei, Lambertus, Kramer, Robin, Lauria, Mario, Lehner, Thomas, Lewis, David A., Lipska, Barbara K., Montgomery, Kelsey, Park, Royce, Rosenbluh, Chaggai, Roussos, Panagiotis, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Senthil, Geetha, Shah, Hardik R., Sloofman, Laura, Song, Lingyun, Stahl, Eli, Sullivan, Patrick, Visintainer, Roberto, Wang, Jiebiao, Wang, Ying-Chih, Wiseman, Jennifer, Xia, Eva, Zhang, Wen, Zharovsky, Elizabeth, Addis, Laura, Addo, Sadiya N., Airey, David Charles, Arnold, Matthias, Bennett, David A., Bi, Yingtao, Biber, Knut, Blach, Colette, Bradhsaw, Elizabeth, Brennan, Paul, Canet-Aviles, Rosa, Cao, Sherry, Cavalla, Anna, Chae, Yooree, Chen, William W., Cheng, Jie, Collier, David Andrew, Dage, Jeffrey L., Dammer, Eric B., Davis, Justin Wade, Davis, John, Drake, Derek, Duong, Duc, Eastwood, Brian J., Ehrlich, Michelle, Ellingson, Benjamin, Engelmann, Brett W., Esmaeelinieh, Sahar, Felsky, Daniel, Funk, Cory, Gaiteri, Chris, Gandy, Samuel, Gao, Fan, Gileadi, Opher, Golde, Todd, Grosskurth, Shaun E., Gupta, Rishi R., Gutteridge, Alex X., Hooli, Basavaraj, Humphryes-Kirilov, Neil, Iijima, Koichi, James, Corey, Jung, Paul M., Kaddurah-Daouk, Rima, Kastenmuller, Gabi, Klein, Hans-Ulrich, Kummer, Markus, Lacor, Pascale N., Lah, James, Laing, Emma, Levey, Allan, Li, Yupeng, Lipsky, Samantha, Liu, Yushi, Liu, Jimmy, Liu, Zhandong, Louie, Gregory, Lu, Tao, Ma, Yiyi, Matsuoka, Yasuji Y., Menon, Vilas, Miller, Bradley, Misko, Thomas P., Mollon, Jennifer E., Mukherjee, Sumit, Noggle, Scott, Pao, Ping-Chieh, Pearce, Tracy Young, Pearson, Neil, Penny, Michelle, Petyuk, Vladislav A., Price, Nathan, Quarless, Danjuma X., Ravikumar, Brinda, Ried, Janina S., Ruble, Cara Lee Ann, Runz, Heiko, Saykin, Andrew J., Schadt, Eric, Scherschel, James E., Seyfried, Nicholas, Shulman, Joshua M., Snyder, Phil, Soares, Holly, Srivastava, Gyan P., Stockmann, Henning, Taga, Mariko, Tasaki, Shinya, Tenenbaum, Jessie, Tsai, Li-Huei, Vasanthakumar, Aparna, Wachter, Astrid, Wang, Yaming, Wang, Hong, Wang, Minghui, Whelan, Christopher D., White, Charles, Woo, Kara H., Wren, Paul, Wu, Jessica W., Xi, Hualin S., Yankner, Bruce A., Younkin, Steven G., Yu, Lei, Zavodszky, Maria, Zhang, Wenling, Zhang, Guoqiang, Zhang, Bin, Zhu, Jun, Omberg, Larsson, Peters, Mette A., Logsdon, Benjamin A., De Jager, Philip L., Ertekin-Taner, Nilüfer, Mangravite, Lara M., Sieberts, Solveig K., Perumal, Thanneer M., Carrasquillo, Minerva M., Allen, Mariet, Reddy, Joseph S., Hoffman, Gabriel E., Dang, Kristen K., Calley, John, Ebert, Philip J., Eddy, James, Wang, Xue, Greenwood, Anna K., Mostafavi, Sara, Akbarian, Schahram, Bendl, Jaroslav, Breen, Michael S., Brennand, Kristen, Brown, Leanne, Browne, Andrew, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Charney, Alexander, Chess, Andrew, Couto, Lizette, Crawford, Greg, Devillers, Olivia, Devlin, Bernie, Dobbyn, Amanda, Domenici, Enrico, Filosi, Michele, Flatow, Elie, Francoeur, Nancy, Fullard, John, Gil, Sergio Espeso, Girdhar, Kiran, Gulyás-Kovács, Attila, Gur, Raquel, Hahn, Chang-Gyu, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hauberg, Mads Engel, Huckins, Laura, Jacobov, Rivky, Jiang, Yan, Johnson, Jessica S., Kassim, Bibi, Kim, Yungil, Klei, Lambertus, Kramer, Robin, Lauria, Mario, Lehner, Thomas, Lewis, David A., Lipska, Barbara K., Montgomery, Kelsey, Park, Royce, Rosenbluh, Chaggai, Roussos, Panagiotis, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Senthil, Geetha, Shah, Hardik R., Sloofman, Laura, Song, Lingyun, Stahl, Eli, Sullivan, Patrick, Visintainer, Roberto, Wang, Jiebiao, Wang, Ying-Chih, Wiseman, Jennifer, Xia, Eva, Zhang, Wen, Zharovsky, Elizabeth, Addis, Laura, Addo, Sadiya N., Airey, David Charles, Arnold, Matthias, Bennett, David A., Bi, Yingtao, Biber, Knut, Blach, Colette, Bradhsaw, Elizabeth, Brennan, Paul, Canet-Aviles, Rosa, Cao, Sherry, Cavalla, Anna, Chae, Yooree, Chen, William W., Cheng, Jie, Collier, David Andrew, Dage, Jeffrey L., Dammer, Eric B., Davis, Justin Wade, Davis, John, Drake, Derek, Duong, Duc, Eastwood, Brian J., Ehrlich, Michelle, Ellingson, Benjamin, Engelmann, Brett W., Esmaeelinieh, Sahar, Felsky, Daniel, Funk, Cory, Gaiteri, Chris, Gandy, Samuel, Gao, Fan, Gileadi, Opher, Golde, Todd, Grosskurth, Shaun E., Gupta, Rishi R., Gutteridge, Alex X., Hooli, Basavaraj, Humphryes-Kirilov, Neil, Iijima, Koichi, James, Corey, Jung, Paul M., Kaddurah-Daouk, Rima, Kastenmuller, Gabi, Klein, Hans-Ulrich, Kummer, Markus, Lacor, Pascale N., Lah, James, Laing, Emma, Levey, Allan, Li, Yupeng, Lipsky, Samantha, Liu, Yushi, Liu, Jimmy, Liu, Zhandong, Louie, Gregory, Lu, Tao, Ma, Yiyi, Matsuoka, Yasuji Y., Menon, Vilas, Miller, Bradley, Misko, Thomas P., Mollon, Jennifer E., Mukherjee, Sumit, Noggle, Scott, Pao, Ping-Chieh, Pearce, Tracy Young, Pearson, Neil, Penny, Michelle, Petyuk, Vladislav A., Price, Nathan, Quarless, Danjuma X., Ravikumar, Brinda, Ried, Janina S., Ruble, Cara Lee Ann, Runz, Heiko, Saykin, Andrew J., Schadt, Eric, Scherschel, James E., Seyfried, Nicholas, Shulman, Joshua M., Snyder, Phil, Soares, Holly, Srivastava, Gyan P., Stockmann, Henning, Taga, Mariko, Tasaki, Shinya, Tenenbaum, Jessie, Tsai, Li-Huei, Vasanthakumar, Aparna, Wachter, Astrid, Wang, Yaming, Wang, Hong, Wang, Minghui, Whelan, Christopher D., White, Charles, Woo, Kara H., Wren, Paul, Wu, Jessica W., Xi, Hualin S., Yankner, Bruce A., Younkin, Steven G., Yu, Lei, Zavodszky, Maria, Zhang, Wenling, Zhang, Guoqiang, Zhang, Bin, Zhu, Jun, Omberg, Larsson, Peters, Mette A., Logsdon, Benjamin A., De Jager, Philip L., Ertekin-Taner, Nilüfer, and Mangravite, Lara M.

Abstract

© 2020, The Author(s). The availability of high-quality RNA-sequencing and genotyping data of post-mortem brain collections from consortia such as CommonMind Consortium (CMC) and the Accelerating Medicines Partnership for Alzheimer’s Disease (AMP-AD) Consortium enable the generation of a large-scale brain cis-eQTL meta-analysis. Here we generate cerebral cortical eQTL from 1433 samples available from four cohorts (identifying >4.1 million significant eQTL for >18,000 genes), as well as cerebellar eQTL from 261 samples (identifying 874,836 significant eQTL for >10,000 genes). We find substantially improved power in the meta-analysis over individual cohort analyses, particularly in comparison to the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project eQTL. Additionally, we observed differences in eQTL patterns between cerebral and cerebellar brain regions. We provide these brain eQTL as a resource for use by the research community. As a proof of principle for their utility, we apply a colocalization analysis to identify genes underlying the GWAS association peaks for schizophrenia and identify a potentially novel gene colocalization with lncRNA RP11-677M14.2 (posterior probability of colocalization 0.975).

Published
2022

13. BSN Nurse Educator Conceptions of Teaching: The Science and Art of Nursing Education

Author

Penny, Michelle Dianne

Abstract

This is an interpretive descriptive (ID) qualitative study of the conceptions of teaching held by nurse educators in Vancouver, British Columbia. It is an exploration of a set of twenty interviews conducted with fourteen nurse educators, representing four post-secondary institutions in the Vancouver vicinity. The center of this account begins with the three research questions: How do BSN nurse educators conceive of teaching? How do those conceptions of teaching manifest in their teaching practice? And why might such conceptions form as they do? I have written and presented this study in a narrative voice to depict my own learning journey and self-study as I have researched this question about how nurse educators understand teaching and why it is important. My analyses and interpretations of these interviews are couched in an extensive review of literature in the field of education, spanning disciplines of curriculum theory, adult and post-secondary education, professional education, and nursing education. The findings of the study indicate that participants are not formally prepared to teach and experience a number of significant challenges in their teaching practice. Such challenges include relating to students, managing heavy workloads, integrating theory and practice, adapting to teaching differences, and coping with psychological distress. The participants hold three primary conceptions of teaching: Transmitting Knowledge, Apprenticeship, and Facilitating Ways of Understanding. The majority of participants conceive of teaching as delivering information and directing activities in the classroom and apprenticeship in the clinical setting. The way that participants form conceptions of teaching may be related, in part, to their previous experiences of teaching and learning as nursing students, the nursing discipline’s ideology of a profession, and the present emphasis on the science of teaching in nursing education. The findings and significance of the study are contextualized in a critical review of nursing education as it has evolved over the past decades and the concomitant potential for improving BSN Nursing programs in BC.

Published
2019

17. Susceptibility to IDDM in a Chinese population: role of HLA class II alleles

Author

Penny, Michelle A., Jenkins, David, Mijovic, Catherine H., Jacobs, Karen H., Cavan, David A., Yeung, Vincent T.F., Cockram, Clive S., Hawkins, Brian R., Fletcher, Jeremy A., and Barnett, Anthony H.

Subjects
Type 1 diabetes -- Genetic aspects, HLA class II antigens -- Physiological aspects, Chinese -- Genetic aspects -- Physiological aspects, Disease susceptibility -- Genetic aspects, Health, Physiological aspects, Genetic aspects
Abstract

Role of HLA Class II Alleles MHC associations with IDDM in a Chinese population were studied to investigate genetic susceptibility to the disorder. The frequency of HLA-DR3 was significantly higher [...]

Published
1992

18. HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles associated with genetic susceptibility to IDDM in a black population

Author

Mijovic, Catherine H., Jenkins, David, Jacobs, Karen H., Penny, Michelle A., Fletcher, Jeremy A., and Barnett, Anthony H.

Subjects
HLA histocompatibility antigens -- Analysis, Histocompatibility -- Demographic aspects -- Analysis, Diabetes -- Genetic aspects, Histocompatibility antigens -- Analysis, Health, Analysis, Genetic aspects, Demographic aspects
Abstract

Transracial analysis provides a method of distinguishing primary associations between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and HLA class II alleles from those secondary to linkage disequilibrium. Blacks show DR-DQ relationships that [...]

Published
1991

19. Integrating Rules for Genomic Research, Clinical Care, Public Health Screening and DTC Testing: Creating Translational Law for Translational Genomics.

Author

Wolf, Susan M., Ossorio, Pilar N., Berry, Susan A., Greely, Henry T., McGuire, Amy L., Penny, Michelle A., Terry, Sharon F., Clayton, Ellen Wright, and Lawrenz, Frances

Subjects
CLINICAL medicine research, GENOMICS, MEDICAL laws, LEGAL liability, PUBLIC health, GENETIC testing
Abstract

Human genomics is a translational field spanning research, clinical care, public health, and direct-to-consumer testing. However, law differs across these domains on issues including liability, consent, promoting quality of analysis and interpretation, and safeguarding privacy. Genomic activities crossing domains can thus encounter confusion and conflicts among these approaches. This paper suggests how to resolve these conflicts while protecting the rights and interests of individuals sequenced. Translational genomics requires this more translational approach to law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
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21. Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene

Author

Nicolas, A, Kenna, K, Renton, A, Ticozzi, N, Faghri, F, Chia, R, Dominov, J, Kenna, B, Nalls, M, Keagle, P, Rivera, A, van Rheenen, W, Murphy, N, van Vugt, J, Geiger, J, van der Spek, R, Pliner, H, Shankaracharya, N, Smith, B, Marangi, G, Topp, S, Abramzon, Y, Gkazi, A, Eicher, J, Kenna, A, Logullo, F, Simone, I, Logroscino, G, Salvi, F, Bartolomei, I, Borghero, G, Murru, M, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Puddu, R, Caredda, C, Piras, V, Tranquilli, S, Cuccu, S, Corongiu, D, Melis, M, Milia, A, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, M, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Capasso, M, Caponnetto, C, Mancardi, G, Origone, P, Mandich, P, Conforti, F, Cavallaro, S, Mora, G, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Penco, S, Mosca, L, Lunetta, C, Pinter, G, Corbo, M, Riva, N, Carrera, P, Volanti, P, Mandrioli, J, Fini, N, Fasano, A, Tremolizzo, L, Arosio, A, Ferrarese, C, Trojsi, F, Tedeschi, G, Monsurrò, M, Piccirillo, G, Femiano, C, Ticca, A, Ortu, E, La Bella, V, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Sabatelli, M, Zollino, M, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Santarelli, M, Petrucci, A, Pugliatti, M, Pirisi, A, Parish, L, Occhineri, P, Giannini, F, Battistini, S, Ricci, C, Benigni, M, Cau, T, Loi, D, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Restagno, G, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Ossola, I, Cammarosano, S, Canosa, A, Ilardi, A, Manera, U, Grassano, M, Tanel, R, Pisano, F, Mazzini, L, Messina, S, D'Alfonso, S, Corrado, L, Ferrucci, L, Harms, M, Goldstein, D, Shneider, N, Goutman, S, Simmons, Z, Miller, T, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Manousakis, G, Appel, S, Simpson, E, Wang, L, Baloh, R, Gibson, S, Bedlack, R, Lacomis, D, Sareen, D, Sherman, A, Bruijn, L, Penny, M, Moreno, C, Kamalakaran, S, Allen, A, Boone, B, Brown, R, Carulli, J, Chesi, A, Chung, W, Cirulli, E, Cooper, G, Couthouis, J, Day-Williams, A, Dion, P, Gitler, A, Glass, J, Han, Y, Harris, T, Hayes, S, Jones, A, Keebler, J, Krueger, B, Lasseigne, B, Levy, S, Lu, Y, Maniatis, T, McKenna-Yasek, D, Myers, R, Petrovski, S, Pulst, S, Raphael, A, Ravits, J, Ren, Z, Rouleau, G, Sapp, P, Sims, K, Staropoli, J, Waite, L, Wang, Q, Wimbish, J, Xin, W, Phatnani, H, Kwan, J, Broach, J, Arcila-Londono, X, Lee, E, Van Deerlin, V, Fraenkel, E, Ostrow, L, Baas, F, Zaitlen, N, Berry, J, Malaspina, A, Fratta, P, Cox, G, Thompson, L, Finkbeiner, S, Dardiotis, E, Hornstein, E, Macgowan, D, Heiman-Patterson, T, Hammell, M, Patsopoulos, N, Dubnau, J, Nath, A, Musunuri, R, Evani, U, Abhyankar, A, Zody, M, Kaye, J, Wyman, S, Lenail, A, Lima, L, Rothstein, J, Svendsen, C, Van Eyk, J, Maragakis, N, Kolb, S, Cudkowicz, M, Baxi, E, Benatar, M, Taylor, J, Wu, G, Rampersaud, E, Wuu, J, Rademakers, R, Züchner, S, Schule, R, Mccauley, J, Hussain, S, Cooley, A, Wallace, M, Clayman, C, Barohn, R, Statland, J, Swenson, A, Jackson, C, Trivedi, J, Khan, S, Katz, J, Jenkins, L, Burns, T, Gwathmey, K, Caress, J, Mcmillan, C, Elman, L, Pioro, E, Heckmann, J, So, Y, Walk, D, Maiser, S, Zhang, J, Silani, V, Gellera, C, Ratti, A, Taroni, F, Lauria, G, Verde, F, Fogh, I, Tiloca, C, Comi, G, Sorarù, G, Cereda, C, De Marchi, F, Corti, S, Ceroni, M, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Inghilleri, M, Peverelli, S, Colombrita, C, Poletti, B, Maderna, L, Del Bo, R, Gagliardi, S, Querin, G, Bertolin, C, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Camu, W, Mouzat, K, Lumbroso, S, Corcia, P, Meininger, V, Besson, G, Lagrange, E, Clavelou, P, Guy, N, Couratier, P, Vourch, P, Danel, V, Bernard, E, Lemasson, G, Laaksovirta, H, Myllykangas, L, Jansson, L, Valori, M, Ealing, J, Hamdalla, H, Rollinson, S, Pickering-Brown, S, Orrell, R, Sidle, K, Hardy, J, Singleton, A, Johnson, J, Arepalli, S, Polak, M, Asress, S, Al-Sarraj, S, King, A, Troakes, C, Vance, C, de Belleroche, J, ten Asbroek, A, Muñoz-Blanco, J, Hernandez, D, Ding, J, Gibbs, J, Scholz, S, Floeter, M, Campbell, R, Landi, F, Bowser, R, Kirby, J, Pamphlett, R, Gerhard, G, Dunckley, T, Brady, C, Kowall, N, Troncoso, J, Le Ber, I, Kamel, F, Van Den Bosch, L, Strom, T, Meitinger, T, Shatunov, A, Van Eijk, K, de Carvalho, M, Kooyman, M, Middelkoop, B, Moisse, M, Mclaughlin, R, Van Es, M, Weber, M, Boylan, K, Van Blitterswijk, M, Morrison, K, Basak, A, Mora, J, Drory, V, Shaw, P, Turner, M, Talbot, K, Hardiman, O, Williams, K, Fifita, J, Nicholson, G, Blair, I, Esteban-Pérez, J, García-Redondo, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Al Kheifat, A, Andersen, P, Chio, A, Cooper-Knock, J, Dekker, A, Redondo, A, Gotkine, M, Hide, W, Iacoangeli, A, Kiernan, M, Landers, J, Mill, J, Neto, M, Pardina, J, Newhouse, S, Pinto, S, Pulit, S, Robberecht, W, Shaw, C, Sproviero, W, Tazelaar, G, van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, van Eijk, K, van Es, M, Veldink, J, Zatz, M, Bauer, D, Twine, N, Rogaeva, E, Zinman, L, Brice, A, Feldman, E, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Trojanowski, J, Stone, D, Tienari, P, Chiò, A, Traynor, B, Nicolas, Aude, Kenna, Kevin P., Renton, Alan E., Ticozzi, Nicola, Faghri, Faraz, Chia, Ruth, Dominov, Janice A., Kenna, Brendan J., Nalls, Mike A., Keagle, Pamela, Rivera, Alberto M., van Rheenen, Wouter, Murphy, Natalie A., van Vugt, Joke J. F. A., Geiger, Joshua T., van der Spek, Rick, Pliner, Hannah A., Shankaracharya, null, Smith, Bradley N., Marangi, Giuseppe, Topp, Simon D., Abramzon, Yevgeniya, Gkazi, Athina Soragia, Eicher, John D., Kenna, Aoife, Logullo, Francesco O., Simone, Isabella, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Salvi, Fabrizio, Bartolomei, Ilaria, Borghero, Giuseppe, Murru, Maria Rita, Costantino, Emanuela, Pani, Carla, Puddu, Roberta, Caredda, Carla, Piras, Valeria, Tranquilli, Stefania, Cuccu, Stefania, Corongiu, Daniela, Melis, Maurizio, Milia, Antonio, Marrosu, Francesco, Marrosu, Maria Giovanna, Floris, Gianluca, Cannas, Antonino, Capasso, Margherita, Caponnetto, Claudia, Mancardi, Gianluigi, Origone, Paola, Mandich, Paola, Conforti, Francesca L., Cavallaro, Sebastiano, Mora, Gabriele, Marinou, Kalliopi, Sideri, Riccardo, Penco, Silvana, Mosca, Lorena, Lunetta, Christian, Pinter, Giuseppe Lauria, Corbo, Massimo, Riva, Nilo, Carrera, Paola, Volanti, Paolo, Mandrioli, Jessica, Fini, Nicola, Fasano, Antonio, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Arosio, Alessandro, Ferrarese, Carlo, Trojsi, Francesca, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Monsurrò, Maria Rosaria, Piccirillo, Giovanni, Femiano, Cinzia, Ticca, Anna, Ortu, Enzo, La Bella, Vincenzo, Spataro, Rossella, Colletti, Tiziana, Sabatelli, Mario, Zollino, Marcella, Conte, Amelia, Luigetti, Marco, Lattante, Serena, Santarelli, Marialuisa, Petrucci, Antonio, Pugliatti, Maura, Pirisi, Angelo, Parish, Leslie D., Occhineri, Patrizia, Giannini, Fabio, Battistini, Stefania, Ricci, Claudia, Benigni, Michele, Cau, Tea B., Loi, Daniela, Calvo, Andrea, Moglia, Cristina, Brunetti, Maura, Barberis, Marco, Restagno, Gabriella, Casale, Federico, Marrali, Giuseppe, Fuda, Giuseppe, Ossola, Irene, Cammarosano, Stefania, Canosa, Antonio, Ilardi, Antonio, Manera, Umberto, Grassano, Maurizio, Tanel, Raffaella, Pisano, Fabrizio, Mazzini, Letizia, Messina, Sonia, D'Alfonso, Sandra, Corrado, Lucia, Ferrucci, Luigi, Harms, Matthew B., Goldstein, David B., Shneider, Neil A., Goutman, Stephen, Simmons, Zachary, Miller, Timothy M., Chandran, Siddharthan, Pal, Suvankar, Manousakis, George, Appel, Stanley, Simpson, Ericka, Wang, Leo, Baloh, Robert H., Gibson, Summer, Bedlack, Richard S., Lacomis, David, Sareen, Dhruv, Sherman, Alexander, Bruijn, Lucie, Penny, Michelle, Moreno, Cristiane de Araujo Martins, Kamalakaran, Sitharthan, Allen, Andrew S., Boone, Braden E., Brown, Robert, Carulli, John P., Chesi, Alessandra, Chung, Wendy K., Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Cooper, Gregory M., Couthouis, Julien, Day-Williams, Aaron G., Dion, Patrick A., Gitler, Aaron D., Glass, Jonathan D., Han, Yujun, Harris, Tim, Hayes, Sebastian D., Jones, Angela L., Keebler, Jonathan, Krueger, Brian J., Lasseigne, Brittany N., Levy, Shawn E., Lu, Yi-Fan, Maniatis, Tom, McKenna-Yasek, Diane, Myers, Richard M., Petrovski, Slavé, Pulst, Stefan M., Raphael, Alya R., Ravits, John M., Ren, Zhong, Rouleau, Guy A., Sapp, Peter C., Sims, Katherine B., Staropoli, John F., Waite, Lindsay L., Wang, Quanli, Wimbish, Jack R., Xin, Winnie W., Phatnani, Hemali, Kwan, Justin, Broach, James R., Arcila-Londono, Ximena, Lee, Edward B., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Fraenkel, Ernest, Ostrow, Lyle W., Baas, Frank, Zaitlen, Noah, Berry, James D., Malaspina, Andrea, Fratta, Pietro, Cox, Gregory A., Thompson, Leslie M., Finkbeiner, Steven, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Hornstein, Eran, MacGowan, Daniel J., Heiman-Patterson, Terry, Hammell, Molly G., Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Dubnau, Joshua, Nath, Avindra, Musunuri, Rajeeva Lochan, Evani, Uday Shankar, Abhyankar, Avinash, Zody, Michael C., Kaye, Julia, Wyman, Stacia, LeNail, Alexander, Lima, Leandro, Rothstein, Jeffrey D., Svendsen, Clive N., Van Eyk, Jenny, Maragakis, Nicholas J., Kolb, Stephen J., Cudkowicz, Merit, Baxi, Emily, Wyman, Stacia K., Van Eyk, Jennifer E., Benatar, Michael, Taylor, J. Paul, Wu, Gang, Rampersaud, Evadnie, Wuu, Joanne, Rademakers, Rosa, Züchner, Stephan, Schule, Rebecca, McCauley, Jacob, Hussain, Sumaira, Cooley, Anne, Wallace, Marielle, Clayman, Christine, Barohn, Richard, Statland, Jeffrey, Ravits, John, Swenson, Andrea, Jackson, Carlayne, Trivedi, Jaya, Khan, Shaida, Katz, Jonathan, Jenkins, Liberty, Burns, Ted, Gwathmey, Kelly, Caress, James, McMillan, Corey, Elman, Lauren, Pioro, Erik, Heckmann, Jeannine, So, Yuen, Walk, David, Maiser, Samuel, Zhang, Jinghui, Silani, Vincenzo, Gellera, Cinzia, Ratti, Antonia, Taroni, Franco, Lauria, Giuseppe, Verde, Federico, Fogh, Isabella, Tiloca, Cinzia, Comi, Giacomo P., Sorarù, Gianni, Cereda, Cristina, De Marchi, Fabiola, Corti, Stefania, Ceroni, Mauro, Siciliano, Gabriele, Filosto, Massimiliano, Inghilleri, Maurizio, Peverelli, Silvia, Colombrita, Claudia, Poletti, Barbara, Maderna, Luca, Del Bo, Roberto, Gagliardi, Stella, Querin, Giorgia, Bertolin, Cinzia, Pensato, Viviana, Castellotti, Barbara, Camu, William, Mouzat, Kevin, Lumbroso, Serge, Corcia, Philippe, Meininger, Vincent, Besson, Gérard, Lagrange, Emmeline, Clavelou, Pierre, Guy, Nathalie, Couratier, Philippe, Vourch, Patrick, Danel, Véronique, Bernard, Emilien, Lemasson, Gwendal, Laaksovirta, Hannu, Myllykangas, Liisa, Jansson, Lilja, Valori, Miko, Ealing, John, Hamdalla, Hisham, Rollinson, Sara, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Orrell, Richard W., Sidle, Katie C., Hardy, John, Singleton, Andrew B., Johnson, Janel O., Arepalli, Sampath, Polak, Meraida, Asress, Seneshaw, Al-Sarraj, Safa, King, Andrew, Troakes, Claire, Vance, Caroline, de Belleroche, Jacqueline, ten Asbroek, Anneloor L. M. A., Muñoz-Blanco, José Luis, Hernandez, Dena G., Ding, Jinhui, Gibbs, J. Raphael, Scholz, Sonja W., Floeter, Mary Kay, Campbell, Roy H., Landi, Francesco, Bowser, Robert, MacGowan, Daniel J. L., Kirby, Janine, Pioro, Erik P., Pamphlett, Roger, Broach, James, Gerhard, Glenn, Dunckley, Travis L., Brady, Christopher B., Kowall, Neil W., Troncoso, Juan C., Le Ber, Isabelle, Heiman-Patterson, Terry D., Kamel, Freya, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, Strom, Tim M., Meitinger, Thomas, Shatunov, Aleksey, Van Eijk, Kristel R., de Carvalho, Mamede, Kooyman, Maarten, Middelkoop, Bas, Moisse, Mattieu, McLaughlin, Russell L., Van Es, Michael A., Weber, Markus, Boylan, Kevin B., Van Blitterswijk, Marka, Morrison, Karen E., Basak, A. Nazli, Mora, Jesús S., Drory, Vivian E., Shaw, Pamela J., Turner, Martin R., Talbot, Kevin, Hardiman, Orla, Williams, Kelly L., Fifita, Jennifer A., Nicholson, Garth A., Blair, Ian P., Esteban-Pérez, Jesús, García-Redondo, Alberto, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Al Kheifat, Ahmad, Andersen, Peter, Chio, Adriano, Cooper-Knock, Jonathan, Dekker, Annelot, Drory, Vivian, Redondo, Alberto Garcia, Gotkine, Marc, Hide, Winston, Iacoangeli, Alfredo, Glass, Jonathan, Kenna, Kevin, Kiernan, Matthew, Landers, John, McLaughlin, Russell, Mill, Jonathan, Neto, Miguel Mitne, Pardina, Jesus Mora, Morrison, Karen, Newhouse, Stephen, Pinto, Susana, Pulit, Sara, Robberecht, Wim, Shaw, Pamela, Shaw, Chris, Sproviero, William, Tazelaar, Gijs, van Damme, Philip, van den Berg, Leonard, van Eijk, Kristel, van Es, Michael, van Vugt, Joke, Veldink, Jan, Zatz, Mayana, Bauer, Denis C., Twine, Natalie A., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Zinman, Lorne, Brice, Alexis, Goutman, Stephen A., Feldman, Eva L., Gibson, Summer B., Ludolph, Albert C., Andersen, Peter M., Weishaupt, Jochen H., Trojanowski, John Q., Brown, Robert H., van den Berg, Leonard H., Veldink, Jan H., Stone, David J., Tienari, Pentti, Chiò, Adriano, Shaw, Christopher E., Traynor, Bryan J., Landers, John E., Nicolas, A, Kenna, K, Renton, A, Ticozzi, N, Faghri, F, Chia, R, Dominov, J, Kenna, B, Nalls, M, Keagle, P, Rivera, A, van Rheenen, W, Murphy, N, van Vugt, J, Geiger, J, van der Spek, R, Pliner, H, Shankaracharya, N, Smith, B, Marangi, G, Topp, S, Abramzon, Y, Gkazi, A, Eicher, J, Kenna, A, Logullo, F, Simone, I, Logroscino, G, Salvi, F, Bartolomei, I, Borghero, G, Murru, M, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Puddu, R, Caredda, C, Piras, V, Tranquilli, S, Cuccu, S, Corongiu, D, Melis, M, Milia, A, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, M, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Capasso, M, Caponnetto, C, Mancardi, G, Origone, P, Mandich, P, Conforti, F, Cavallaro, S, Mora, G, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Penco, S, Mosca, L, Lunetta, C, Pinter, G, Corbo, M, Riva, N, Carrera, P, Volanti, P, Mandrioli, J, Fini, N, Fasano, A, Tremolizzo, L, Arosio, A, Ferrarese, C, Trojsi, F, Tedeschi, G, Monsurrò, M, Piccirillo, G, Femiano, C, Ticca, A, Ortu, E, La Bella, V, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Sabatelli, M, Zollino, M, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Santarelli, M, Petrucci, A, Pugliatti, M, Pirisi, A, Parish, L, Occhineri, P, Giannini, F, Battistini, S, Ricci, C, Benigni, M, Cau, T, Loi, D, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Restagno, G, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Ossola, I, Cammarosano, S, Canosa, A, Ilardi, A, Manera, U, Grassano, M, Tanel, R, Pisano, F, Mazzini, L, Messina, S, D'Alfonso, S, Corrado, L, Ferrucci, L, Harms, M, Goldstein, D, Shneider, N, Goutman, S, Simmons, Z, Miller, T, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Manousakis, G, Appel, S, Simpson, E, Wang, L, Baloh, R, Gibson, S, Bedlack, R, Lacomis, D, Sareen, D, Sherman, A, Bruijn, L, Penny, M, Moreno, C, Kamalakaran, S, Allen, A, Boone, B, Brown, R, Carulli, J, Chesi, A, Chung, W, Cirulli, E, Cooper, G, Couthouis, J, Day-Williams, A, Dion, P, Gitler, A, Glass, J, Han, Y, Harris, T, Hayes, S, Jones, A, Keebler, J, Krueger, B, Lasseigne, B, Levy, S, Lu, Y, Maniatis, T, McKenna-Yasek, D, Myers, R, Petrovski, S, Pulst, S, Raphael, A, Ravits, J, Ren, Z, Rouleau, G, Sapp, P, Sims, K, Staropoli, J, Waite, L, Wang, Q, Wimbish, J, Xin, W, Phatnani, H, Kwan, J, Broach, J, Arcila-Londono, X, Lee, E, Van Deerlin, V, Fraenkel, E, Ostrow, L, Baas, F, Zaitlen, N, Berry, J, Malaspina, A, Fratta, P, Cox, G, Thompson, L, Finkbeiner, S, Dardiotis, E, Hornstein, E, Macgowan, D, Heiman-Patterson, T, Hammell, M, Patsopoulos, N, Dubnau, J, Nath, A, Musunuri, R, Evani, U, Abhyankar, A, Zody, M, Kaye, J, Wyman, S, Lenail, A, Lima, L, Rothstein, J, Svendsen, C, Van Eyk, J, Maragakis, N, Kolb, S, Cudkowicz, M, Baxi, E, Benatar, M, Taylor, J, Wu, G, Rampersaud, E, Wuu, J, Rademakers, R, Züchner, S, Schule, R, Mccauley, J, Hussain, S, Cooley, A, Wallace, M, Clayman, C, Barohn, R, Statland, J, Swenson, A, Jackson, C, Trivedi, J, Khan, S, Katz, J, Jenkins, L, Burns, T, Gwathmey, K, Caress, J, Mcmillan, C, Elman, L, Pioro, E, Heckmann, J, So, Y, Walk, D, Maiser, S, Zhang, J, Silani, V, Gellera, C, Ratti, A, Taroni, F, Lauria, G, Verde, F, Fogh, I, Tiloca, C, Comi, G, Sorarù, G, Cereda, C, De Marchi, F, Corti, S, Ceroni, M, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Inghilleri, M, Peverelli, S, Colombrita, C, Poletti, B, Maderna, L, Del Bo, R, Gagliardi, S, Querin, G, Bertolin, C, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Camu, W, Mouzat, K, Lumbroso, S, Corcia, P, Meininger, V, Besson, G, Lagrange, E, Clavelou, P, Guy, N, Couratier, P, Vourch, P, Danel, V, Bernard, E, Lemasson, G, Laaksovirta, H, Myllykangas, L, Jansson, L, Valori, M, Ealing, J, Hamdalla, H, Rollinson, S, Pickering-Brown, S, Orrell, R, Sidle, K, Hardy, J, Singleton, A, Johnson, J, Arepalli, S, Polak, M, Asress, S, Al-Sarraj, S, King, A, Troakes, C, Vance, C, de Belleroche, J, ten Asbroek, A, Muñoz-Blanco, J, Hernandez, D, Ding, J, Gibbs, J, Scholz, S, Floeter, M, Campbell, R, Landi, F, Bowser, R, Kirby, J, Pamphlett, R, Gerhard, G, Dunckley, T, Brady, C, Kowall, N, Troncoso, J, Le Ber, I, Kamel, F, Van Den Bosch, L, Strom, T, Meitinger, T, Shatunov, A, Van Eijk, K, de Carvalho, M, Kooyman, M, Middelkoop, B, Moisse, M, Mclaughlin, R, Van Es, M, Weber, M, Boylan, K, Van Blitterswijk, M, Morrison, K, Basak, A, Mora, J, Drory, V, Shaw, P, Turner, M, Talbot, K, Hardiman, O, Williams, K, Fifita, J, Nicholson, G, Blair, I, Esteban-Pérez, J, García-Redondo, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Al Kheifat, A, Andersen, P, Chio, A, Cooper-Knock, J, Dekker, A, Redondo, A, Gotkine, M, Hide, W, Iacoangeli, A, Kiernan, M, Landers, J, Mill, J, Neto, M, Pardina, J, Newhouse, S, Pinto, S, Pulit, S, Robberecht, W, Shaw, C, Sproviero, W, Tazelaar, G, van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, van Eijk, K, van Es, M, Veldink, J, Zatz, M, Bauer, D, Twine, N, Rogaeva, E, Zinman, L, Brice, A, Feldman, E, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Trojanowski, J, Stone, D, Tienari, P, Chiò, A, Traynor, B, Nicolas, Aude, Kenna, Kevin P., Renton, Alan E., Ticozzi, Nicola, Faghri, Faraz, Chia, Ruth, Dominov, Janice A., Kenna, Brendan J., Nalls, Mike A., Keagle, Pamela, Rivera, Alberto M., van Rheenen, Wouter, Murphy, Natalie A., van Vugt, Joke J. F. A., Geiger, Joshua T., van der Spek, Rick, Pliner, Hannah A., Shankaracharya, null, Smith, Bradley N., Marangi, Giuseppe, Topp, Simon D., Abramzon, Yevgeniya, Gkazi, Athina Soragia, Eicher, John D., Kenna, Aoife, Logullo, Francesco O., Simone, Isabella, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Salvi, Fabrizio, Bartolomei, Ilaria, Borghero, Giuseppe, Murru, Maria Rita, Costantino, Emanuela, Pani, Carla, Puddu, Roberta, Caredda, Carla, Piras, Valeria, Tranquilli, Stefania, Cuccu, Stefania, Corongiu, Daniela, Melis, Maurizio, Milia, Antonio, Marrosu, Francesco, Marrosu, Maria Giovanna, Floris, Gianluca, Cannas, Antonino, Capasso, Margherita, Caponnetto, Claudia, Mancardi, Gianluigi, Origone, Paola, Mandich, Paola, Conforti, Francesca L., Cavallaro, Sebastiano, Mora, Gabriele, Marinou, Kalliopi, Sideri, Riccardo, Penco, Silvana, Mosca, Lorena, Lunetta, Christian, Pinter, Giuseppe Lauria, Corbo, Massimo, Riva, Nilo, Carrera, Paola, Volanti, Paolo, Mandrioli, Jessica, Fini, Nicola, Fasano, Antonio, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Arosio, Alessandro, Ferrarese, Carlo, Trojsi, Francesca, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Monsurrò, Maria Rosaria, Piccirillo, Giovanni, Femiano, Cinzia, Ticca, Anna, Ortu, Enzo, La Bella, Vincenzo, Spataro, Rossella, Colletti, Tiziana, Sabatelli, Mario, Zollino, Marcella, Conte, Amelia, Luigetti, Marco, Lattante, Serena, Santarelli, Marialuisa, Petrucci, Antonio, Pugliatti, Maura, Pirisi, Angelo, Parish, Leslie D., Occhineri, Patrizia, Giannini, Fabio, Battistini, Stefania, Ricci, Claudia, Benigni, Michele, Cau, Tea B., Loi, Daniela, Calvo, Andrea, Moglia, Cristina, Brunetti, Maura, Barberis, Marco, Restagno, Gabriella, Casale, Federico, Marrali, Giuseppe, Fuda, Giuseppe, Ossola, Irene, Cammarosano, Stefania, Canosa, Antonio, Ilardi, Antonio, Manera, Umberto, Grassano, Maurizio, Tanel, Raffaella, Pisano, Fabrizio, Mazzini, Letizia, Messina, Sonia, D'Alfonso, Sandra, Corrado, Lucia, Ferrucci, Luigi, Harms, Matthew B., Goldstein, David B., Shneider, Neil A., Goutman, Stephen, Simmons, Zachary, Miller, Timothy M., Chandran, Siddharthan, Pal, Suvankar, Manousakis, George, Appel, Stanley, Simpson, Ericka, Wang, Leo, Baloh, Robert H., Gibson, Summer, Bedlack, Richard S., Lacomis, David, Sareen, Dhruv, Sherman, Alexander, Bruijn, Lucie, Penny, Michelle, Moreno, Cristiane de Araujo Martins, Kamalakaran, Sitharthan, Allen, Andrew S., Boone, Braden E., Brown, Robert, Carulli, John P., Chesi, Alessandra, Chung, Wendy K., Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Cooper, Gregory M., Couthouis, Julien, Day-Williams, Aaron G., Dion, Patrick A., Gitler, Aaron D., Glass, Jonathan D., Han, Yujun, Harris, Tim, Hayes, Sebastian D., Jones, Angela L., Keebler, Jonathan, Krueger, Brian J., Lasseigne, Brittany N., Levy, Shawn E., Lu, Yi-Fan, Maniatis, Tom, McKenna-Yasek, Diane, Myers, Richard M., Petrovski, Slavé, Pulst, Stefan M., Raphael, Alya R., Ravits, John M., Ren, Zhong, Rouleau, Guy A., Sapp, Peter C., Sims, Katherine B., Staropoli, John F., Waite, Lindsay L., Wang, Quanli, Wimbish, Jack R., Xin, Winnie W., Phatnani, Hemali, Kwan, Justin, Broach, James R., Arcila-Londono, Ximena, Lee, Edward B., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Fraenkel, Ernest, Ostrow, Lyle W., Baas, Frank, Zaitlen, Noah, Berry, James D., Malaspina, Andrea, Fratta, Pietro, Cox, Gregory A., Thompson, Leslie M., Finkbeiner, Steven, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Hornstein, Eran, MacGowan, Daniel J., Heiman-Patterson, Terry, Hammell, Molly G., Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Dubnau, Joshua, Nath, Avindra, Musunuri, Rajeeva Lochan, Evani, Uday Shankar, Abhyankar, Avinash, Zody, Michael C., Kaye, Julia, Wyman, Stacia, LeNail, Alexander, Lima, Leandro, Rothstein, Jeffrey D., Svendsen, Clive N., Van Eyk, Jenny, Maragakis, Nicholas J., Kolb, Stephen J., Cudkowicz, Merit, Baxi, Emily, Wyman, Stacia K., Van Eyk, Jennifer E., Benatar, Michael, Taylor, J. Paul, Wu, Gang, Rampersaud, Evadnie, Wuu, Joanne, Rademakers, Rosa, Züchner, Stephan, Schule, Rebecca, McCauley, Jacob, Hussain, Sumaira, Cooley, Anne, Wallace, Marielle, Clayman, Christine, Barohn, Richard, Statland, Jeffrey, Ravits, John, Swenson, Andrea, Jackson, Carlayne, Trivedi, Jaya, Khan, Shaida, Katz, Jonathan, Jenkins, Liberty, Burns, Ted, Gwathmey, Kelly, Caress, James, McMillan, Corey, Elman, Lauren, Pioro, Erik, Heckmann, Jeannine, So, Yuen, Walk, David, Maiser, Samuel, Zhang, Jinghui, Silani, Vincenzo, Gellera, Cinzia, Ratti, Antonia, Taroni, Franco, Lauria, Giuseppe, Verde, Federico, Fogh, Isabella, Tiloca, Cinzia, Comi, Giacomo P., Sorarù, Gianni, Cereda, Cristina, De Marchi, Fabiola, Corti, Stefania, Ceroni, Mauro, Siciliano, Gabriele, Filosto, Massimiliano, Inghilleri, Maurizio, Peverelli, Silvia, Colombrita, Claudia, Poletti, Barbara, Maderna, Luca, Del Bo, Roberto, Gagliardi, Stella, Querin, Giorgia, Bertolin, Cinzia, Pensato, Viviana, Castellotti, Barbara, Camu, William, Mouzat, Kevin, Lumbroso, Serge, Corcia, Philippe, Meininger, Vincent, Besson, Gérard, Lagrange, Emmeline, Clavelou, Pierre, Guy, Nathalie, Couratier, Philippe, Vourch, Patrick, Danel, Véronique, Bernard, Emilien, Lemasson, Gwendal, Laaksovirta, Hannu, Myllykangas, Liisa, Jansson, Lilja, Valori, Miko, Ealing, John, Hamdalla, Hisham, Rollinson, Sara, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Orrell, Richard W., Sidle, Katie C., Hardy, John, Singleton, Andrew B., Johnson, Janel O., Arepalli, Sampath, Polak, Meraida, Asress, Seneshaw, Al-Sarraj, Safa, King, Andrew, Troakes, Claire, Vance, Caroline, de Belleroche, Jacqueline, ten Asbroek, Anneloor L. M. A., Muñoz-Blanco, José Luis, Hernandez, Dena G., Ding, Jinhui, Gibbs, J. Raphael, Scholz, Sonja W., Floeter, Mary Kay, Campbell, Roy H., Landi, Francesco, Bowser, Robert, MacGowan, Daniel J. L., Kirby, Janine, Pioro, Erik P., Pamphlett, Roger, Broach, James, Gerhard, Glenn, Dunckley, Travis L., Brady, Christopher B., Kowall, Neil W., Troncoso, Juan C., Le Ber, Isabelle, Heiman-Patterson, Terry D., Kamel, Freya, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, Strom, Tim M., Meitinger, Thomas, Shatunov, Aleksey, Van Eijk, Kristel R., de Carvalho, Mamede, Kooyman, Maarten, Middelkoop, Bas, Moisse, Mattieu, McLaughlin, Russell L., Van Es, Michael A., Weber, Markus, Boylan, Kevin B., Van Blitterswijk, Marka, Morrison, Karen E., Basak, A. Nazli, Mora, Jesús S., Drory, Vivian E., Shaw, Pamela J., Turner, Martin R., Talbot, Kevin, Hardiman, Orla, Williams, Kelly L., Fifita, Jennifer A., Nicholson, Garth A., Blair, Ian P., Esteban-Pérez, Jesús, García-Redondo, Alberto, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Al Kheifat, Ahmad, Andersen, Peter, Chio, Adriano, Cooper-Knock, Jonathan, Dekker, Annelot, Drory, Vivian, Redondo, Alberto Garcia, Gotkine, Marc, Hide, Winston, Iacoangeli, Alfredo, Glass, Jonathan, Kenna, Kevin, Kiernan, Matthew, Landers, John, McLaughlin, Russell, Mill, Jonathan, Neto, Miguel Mitne, Pardina, Jesus Mora, Morrison, Karen, Newhouse, Stephen, Pinto, Susana, Pulit, Sara, Robberecht, Wim, Shaw, Pamela, Shaw, Chris, Sproviero, William, Tazelaar, Gijs, van Damme, Philip, van den Berg, Leonard, van Eijk, Kristel, van Es, Michael, van Vugt, Joke, Veldink, Jan, Zatz, Mayana, Bauer, Denis C., Twine, Natalie A., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Zinman, Lorne, Brice, Alexis, Goutman, Stephen A., Feldman, Eva L., Gibson, Summer B., Ludolph, Albert C., Andersen, Peter M., Weishaupt, Jochen H., Trojanowski, John Q., Brown, Robert H., van den Berg, Leonard H., Veldink, Jan H., Stone, David J., Tienari, Pentti, Chiò, Adriano, Shaw, Christopher E., Traynor, Bryan J., and Landers, John E.

Abstract

To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS. Using a large-scale genome-wide association study and exome sequencing, we identified KIF5A as a novel gene associated with ALS. Our data broaden the phenotype resulting from mutations in KIF5A and highlight the importance of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.

Published
2018

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