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Background: Growing evidence informs about the detrimental impact that COVID-19 has had on youths' mental health and well-being. As of yet, no study has directly examined the experiences and perspectives of children and young adolescents from racial and ethnic minority groups in the U.S., despite being exposed to more adversity, which may affect coping with the many challenges posed by the pandemic. Objective: This study aimed to give voice to a mostly Hispanic/Latinx group of youth regarding the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home measures and to identify their emotional responses and coping strategies amid the pandemic in the U.S. when restrictions were at their hardest. Method: A total of 17 youths (70.6 % Hispanic; age range = 10-14 years; 52.9 % female) participated in four virtual semi-structured focus groups for each grade level (grades 5-8). Data was transcribed and analyzed using a gold standard thematic analysis approach. Results: Seven themes were identified concerning the impact of COVID-19, centering around the impact of racism, loss of income, the role of community and family in coping with stress, information overload, home-schooling, loneliness and boredom, and lack of structured routines. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cultural factors (e.g., collectivism and familism) in Hispanic communities may offer important buffering during COVID-19. Future research studies evaluating the implementation of structured programs that provide a space to talk about emotions and thoughts related to the impact of the pandemic and training in strategies to cope with distress during mandatory home-schooling are needed.

Adolescents with features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) may experience deficits in interpersonal trust; however, a simultaneous comparison of interpersonal trust among adolescents with BPD, other psychiatric disorders, and no psychiatric conditions (healthy controls) has never been conducted.

The endoscopic endonasal corridor for odontoidectomy (EEO) is a valuable route in expert's hand to manage craniovertebral junction (CVJ) pathologies of the midline. The possibility to preserve part of the C1 anterior arch along to an adequate preoperative planning, makes this option a viable choice especially in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities who cannot sustain a second procedure closed in time. Indeed, the current case shows the results of EEO in the presence of ventral compression due to degenerative non-rheumatoid retro-odontoid pannus in an 80-year-old male. Due to the absence of instability preoperatively and the C1 anterior arch preservation, no posterior instrumentation was planned nor was necessary at follow-up. A step-by-step description of the technique is showed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between the degrees of circumferential decompression of the optic canal (OC) and the improvement of visual acuity in patients with parasellar meningiomas (PMs) with optic canal invasion., Methods: This is a monocentric retrospective study conducted at author's institution. The visual acuity was evaluated preoperative and at 3-months after surgery with Snellen acuity test. The degree of decompression of the OC was calculated through postoperative multiplanar CT-scan reconstructions in coronal plane at intraorbital opening (IOO), intracranial opening (ICO) and middle point between them (MP). OC was then divided in two segments (anterior and posterior)., Results: 29 consecutive patients were identified. Improvement of visual acuity was observed in 18 patients (62 %). Mean decompression achieved at ICO, MP and IOO was 226.2°± 43.6° (range: 68.7°-297.1°), 217.5°± 37.2° (range: 75.3°-268.7°) and 204.6°± 41.2° (range: 67.3°-252.6°) respectively. A decompression > 90° of the anterior segment of the OC, a decompression > 180° of the posterior segment and a full-length decompression > 90° were associated visual acuity improvement at univariate analysis (p = 0.010, p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). A decompression > 180° of the posterior segment and a full-length decompression > 90° of the OC maintained statistical significance at multivariate analysis (p = 0.030 and p = 0.035, respectively)., Conclusion: Anterior segment decompression > 90° and posterior segment decompression > 180° were associated with improvement of visual acuity at 3 months after surgery. A full-length decompression of the optic canal > 90° showed better visual outcome, while a full-length decompression > 180° did not seem to be related to significative improvements in visual acuity., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Exposure to childhood trauma confers intergenerational risk on child development. However, the mechanism linking a mother's childhood trauma with her child's cognitive development remains poorly understood. This study recruited 71 mother-child dyads affected by substance use disorder from local, community-based, outpatient substance use treatment programs. Maternal exposure to childhood trauma, caregiving behavior, and child cognitive development were assessed in each mother-child dyad. These were measured through a comprehensive biopsychosocial interview, an observed dyadic interaction coded using the Coding Interactive Behavior system, and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Screening Test, respectively. We hypothesized that compromised caregiving behavior would mediate a negative relationship between maternal childhood trauma and child cognitive development. Analyses did not support this hypothesis. Specifically, maternal childhood trauma was not significantly associated with child cognitive development nor the four dimensions of maternal caregiving behavior. However, caregiving behavior (specifically maternal sensitivity and limit setting) was associated with child cognitive development, when controlling for maternal childhood trauma and child age. The lack of associations observed suggests that protective factors may buffer the intergenerational impact of childhood trauma. Furthermore, the relationship between quality of caregiving and child cognitive development highlights the importance of interventions which foster sensitive caregiving behaviors that may bolster child cognitive development in the context of maternal substance use disorder and maternal childhood trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: In surgical practice during endoscopic endonasal approach, growth hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (GH-secreting PitNET) patients show morphologic differences in the nasal cavities and sinuses, leading to a narrower surgical field and a carotid prominence and potentially increasing the complexity of the surgical and the risk of complications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the anatomical differences of the sphenoid sinus between patients with GH-secreting PitNETs and patients with nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (NF-PitNET) who underwent endoscopic endonasal approach., Methods: This is a monocentric retrospective study conducted at the author's institution. The minimum intercarotid distance, the largest diameter of the sphenoid sinus (DSS), and the distance between vomer and clivus (VCD) were collected and compared. Presence, localization, and course of intersphenoid sinus septum were also evaluated., Results: One hundred consecutive patients were identified: 57 males (57%) and 43 females (43%), with a mean age of 55 years. Sixty patients had NF-PitNET (60%) and 40 had GH-secreting PitNET (40%). GH-secreting PitNET group presented inferior values of intercarotid distance (16.8 ± 3.94 mm vs. 20.4 ± 3.94 mm, P < 0.001), DSS (32.5 ± 9.81 mm vs. 38.6 ± 11.03 mm, P = 0.006), and VCD (25.5 ± 6.96 mm vs. 29.6 ± 8.47 mm, P = 0.012) compared to NF-PitNET group. Intersphenoid sinus septum showed no differences between the 2 groups., Conclusions: Intercarotid distance, DSS, and VCD resulted smaller in acromegalic patients, confirming that patients with GH-secreting PitNETs have a narrower surgical field. A meticulous anatomical preoperative planning and neuronavigation are important to recognize the sphenoid anatomical landmarks in order to reduce the risk of complications, especially in acromegalic patients., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Stress during pregnancy can increase physical and mental health risks in parents and offspring. Emotion regulation (ER) may protect against prenatal stress; however, ER is understudied in expectant parents, particularly expectant fathers. This study aimed to evaluate associations between ER strategies (reappraisal, suppression, ratio of suppression-to-reappraisal) and perceived stress among expectant parents, and also test whether expectant mothers and fathers differed in ER strategy use and perceived stress levels., Methods: N = 83 expectant parents (62.7% mothers) in the third trimester completed measures assessing perceived stress,reappraisal, and suppression. ANCOVA, hierarchical regression, and multilevel models were used to evaluate associations between ER strategies and perceived stress, and test for sex differences., Results: Controlling for age and education, lower reappraisal and higher suppression were associated with higher perceived stress; in addition, higher suppression-to-reappraisal ratios were associated with greater perceived stress. Mothers and fathers did not differ in perceived stress, reappraisal, or suppression; however, suppression-to-reappraisal ratios significantly differed., Conclusion: Increasing ER skills such as reappraisal while reducing suppression may be beneficial for decreasing stress in expectant parents. Expectant fathers report similar levels of perceived stress to mothers and would benefit from prenatal mental health screening and intervention.

The Inadequate Boundaries Questionnaire (IBQ) was created as a multi-dimensional measure of boundary violations in parent-child relationships. Use of the IBQ has been increasing; however, its psychometric properties, including its proposed five-factor structure, have yet to be comprehensively evaluated. The current study examined the factor structure, reliability, mother-adolescent agreement, and convergent and discriminant validity of the IBQ-Parent and -Youth English versions among community and clinical adolescents and their mothers. Confirmatory factor analysis most strongly supported four factors: Guilt Induction-Psychological Control, Parentification, No Boundaries (Enmeshment), and Triangulation. The scales showed acceptable to excellent reliability. Mother-adolescent agreement was moderate in the healthy community sample and weaker in the clinical sample. Convergent and discriminant associations supported the validity of the Guilt Induction-Psychological Control scale, with a more complex picture emerging for other scales. Implications of these findings and directions for future research with the IBQ are discussed., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Identity formation is central to adolescent development. Challenges in establishing a stable sense of self is associated with maladaptive identity function, which has been recognized as a core feature of personality pathology. The narrative identity framework offers a unique lens to garner salient information about one's sense of self. The Awareness of Narrative Identity Questionnaire (ANIQ) is a self-report measure of narrative identity validated in adults but is yet to be validated in adolescents. The current study aimed to conduct the first psychometric evaluation of the ANIQ in a sample of 205 youth aged 10-14 years ( M  = 12.1 ± 1.06 years; 50.7% female; 73.7% Hispanic) recruited from a public charter school. Results confirmed the four-factor structure of the ANIQ and showed high internal consistency. Convergent validity was supported through negative associations between the ANIQ and borderline personality features and identity diffusion. Incremental validity of the ANIQ over identity diffusion in predicting borderline personality features was also examined, but not supported. Overall, results support the ANIQ as a promising instrument for the assessment of narrative identity in youth. However, some improvements to the ANIQ might be necessary in order to use it as a clinical tool in identifying youth with personality pathology.

Over the past few decades of psychological research, there has been an important increase in both the application of multidisciplinary or collaborative science and in training and research that emphasizes social justice and cultural humility. In the current paper, we report on the use of the "Paper Chase" as a team science training and research experience that also facilitates cultural humility in research and when working in teams. The Paper Chase is a synchronous writing exercise originally conceptualized by a cohort of health service psychology interns to reduce lag time between manuscript writing and submission (Schaumberg et al., 2015). The Paper Chase involves a group of trainees coming together for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 9 or more hours) with the aim of writing and submitting a full manuscript for publication. In the current paper, we extend a previous report on the Paper Chase by formally linking the training experience to the four phases of team science: development, conceptualization, implementation, and translation. We also discuss ways in which the Paper Chase as a training experience can promote cultural humility. Finally, we provide updated recommendations for successfully completing a Paper Chase project. Overall, the authors of this manuscript who were predoctoral psychology interns across two recent cohorts at one academic medical center reported positive experiences from the Paper Chase. In addition, the current study suggests the Paper Chase can be used as one activity that facilitates critical training in team science.

Purpose: Endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is the safest and most effective technique for odontoidectomy. Nevertheless, this kind of approach is yet not largely widespread. The aim of this study is to share with the scientific community some tips and tricks with our ten-year-old learned experience in endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (EEO), which remains a challenging surgical approach., Material and Methods: Our case series consists of twenty-one (10 males, 11 females; age range of 34-84 years) retrospectively analyzed patients with ventral spinal cord compression for non-reducible CVJ malformation, treated with EEA from July 2011 to March 2019., Results: The results have recently been reported in a previous paper. The only intraoperative complication observed was intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (9.5%), without any sign of post-operative CSF leak., Conclusions: Considering our experience, EEO represents a valid and safe technique to decompress neural cervical structures. Despite its technical complexity, mainly due to the use of endoscope and the challenging surgical area, with this study we encourage the use of EEO displaying our experience-based surgical tips and tricks., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Maternal psychological factors, including anxiety, depression, and substance use, may negatively affect parenting. Previous works with mothers have often assessed each of these factors in isolation despite their frequent co-occurrence. Psychological factors have also been associated with neural processing of facial stimuli, specifically the amplitude (i.e., size) and latency (i.e., timing) of the face-specific N170 event-related potential. In the current study, 106 mothers completed measures assessing maternal psychological factors-anxiety, depression, and substance use. A latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles of psychological factors and assess profile associations with the N170 elicited by infant faces and with parental reflective functioning (PRF) as a measure related to caregiving. Two profiles (termed high and low psychological risk) were identified, with the higher risk profile associated with delayed N170 latency responses to infant faces. An exploratory analysis evidenced an indirect effect between the higher psychological risk profile and lower PRF through delayed N170 latency responses to infant faces. Taken together, maternal psychological risk across multiple indicators may together shape neural processing of infant faces, which may have downstream consequences for caregiving., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: The use of endoscopic assistance in retrosigmoid approach for tumors of the cerebellopontine angle brought undoubted technological advantages in skull base surgery. Nonetheless, the use of the endoscope is not as widespread as it could be. The aim of the study is to analyze the impressions of neurosurgeons and otologists with different experience in vestibular schwannoma surgery, experiencing the introduction of the endoscope in surgical daily practice., Methods: All patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery were recruited in the period from January 2019 to December 2020. The endoscope-assistance and a minimum follow-up of 12 months were considered inclusion criteria. An eight items questionnaire was administered to the surgeons who used endoscope-assistance during surgery., Results: A total number of 20 patients were recruited. Five surgeons experienced the use of 0° and 45° optics in the "pre-resection" and "intra-meatal" phases of the procedures. The survey gave positive feedbacks on the introduction of the endoscope in vestibular schwannoma resection. The main drawback was the difficulty to manage the use of angled optics., Conclusions: Despite the known limitations of the study, the idea of investigating surgeons' impressions on the use of the endoscope could be another motif to explain why this instrument and its diffusion is limited despite its advantages in vestibular schwannoma surgery., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Emotion regulation difficulties are associated with a range of psychological disorders. A widely used measure of emotion regulation is the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-36). There are also three shortened DERS versions. Consistent with current efforts to build very brief versions of measures, the aim of this research is to develop a briefer DERS and evaluate its construct validity. Study 1 uses IRT methods coupled with content considerations to develop a briefer unidimensional DERS. Previous attempts to shorten the DERS have not considered how frame of reference may influence responses to items. The new DERS-8 includes only items prefaced with the phrase "When I'm upset," to provide respondents with a uniform context that elicits thinking about situations requiring regulation of negative emotion; answers to items are more likely to represent affect, thought, and actions in response to such situations. Study 2 showed that the DERS-8 performed well in an IRT analysis among adolescents with psychiatric disorders and showed similar group differences, sensitivity to change, and correlations with other variables compared to existing DERS versions, in both healthy adult and clinical adolescent samples. The DERS-8 offers a very brief unidimensional measure of difficulties in emotion regulation for adolescents and adults.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a salient risk factor for a myriad of negative outcomes. Extant theoretical and empirical models traditionally quantify the impact of ACEs using cumulative representations. Recent conceptualizations challenge this framework and theorize that the types of ACEs children are exposed to differentially impacts their future functioning., Objective: The current study tested an integrated ACEs model using parent-report of child ACEs across four aims: (1) characterize heterogeneity in child ACEs using a latent class analysis (LCA); (2) examine mean level class differences in COVID specific and COVID non-specific environmental factors (i.e., COVID impact, ineffective parenting, effective parenting) and internalizing and externalizing problems during the COVID pandemic; (3) test interactions between COVID impact and ACEs classes in predicting outcomes, and (4) compare a cumulative risk approach to a class membership approach., Participants and Setting: A nationally representative sample of U.S. parents (N = 796; 51.8 % fathers, M age = 38.87 years, 60.3 % Non-Hispanic White) completed a cross-sectional survey about themselves and one child (5-16 years old) between February-April 2021., Method: Measures of child's ACEs history, COVID impact, effective and ineffective parenting, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems were completed by parents., Results: A LCA demonstrated three distinct classes of ACEs reflecting low-risk, trauma-risk, and environmental-risk classes. In general, the trauma-risk class had more negative COVID-19 outcomes than the other classes (small to large effect sizes)., Conclusions: The classes differentially related to outcomes, providing support for dimensions of ACEs and emphasizing the distinct types of ACEs., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Almost all of the epidural hemangiomas reported are cavernous hemangiomas. Purely extradural spinal capillary hemangiomas are very rare. Capillary hemangiomas are hamartomatous malformations that result from proliferations of vascular endothelial cells. Only ten cases have been reported in the English literature, treated with surgical excision., Case Description: A case of a dorsal extradural spinal capillary hemangioma is described. A total surgical removal has been performed after spinal angiography and embolization. Complete surgical removal should always be the goal in these lesions. Embolization did not show to reduce bleeding during the surgical procedure in this case.