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1,126 results on '"Penn State System"'

1. Low rates of rock organic carbon oxidation and anthropogenic cycling of rhenium in a slowly denuding landscape

Author: Mateja Ogrič, Mathieu Dellinger, Katherine E. Grant, Valier Galy, Xin Gu, Susan L. Brantley, Robert G. Hilton, Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham University, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Durham], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Earth and Environmental Systems Institute [PennState] (EESI), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, National Science Foundation Grant. Grant Number: EAR 13 31726, and European Project: 678779
Subjects: oxidation, rock organic carbon, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, low denudation, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), rhenium, anthropogenic impacts, chemical weathering, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; The oxidation of petrogenic organic carbon (OCpetro) is a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere over geological timescales. The rates of OCpetro oxidation in locations that experience low rates of denudation remain poorly constrained, despite these landscapes dominating Earth's continental surface area. Here, we track OCpetro oxidation using radiocarbon and the trace element rhenium (Re) in the deep weathering profiles, soils and stream waters of the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (PA, USA). In a ridge-top borehole, radiocarbon measurements reveal the presence of a broad OCpetro weathering front, with a first-order assessment of ~40% loss occurring over ~6 m. However, the low OCpetro concentration (< 0.05 wt%) and inputs of radiocarbon throughout the deepest parts of the profile complicate the assessment of OCpetro loss. The OCpetro weathering front coincides with a zone of Re depletion (~90% loss), and we estimate that > 80% of Re in the rock is associated with OCpetro, based on Re/Na and Re/S ratios. Using estimates of long-term denudation rates, the observed OCpetro loss and the Re proxy are equivalent to a low OCpetro oxidation yield of < 1.7 × 10−2 tC km−2 yr−1. This is consistent with the low OCpetro concentrations and low denudation rates at this location. In addition, we find the surface cycle of Re is decoupled from that of deep weathering, with an enrichment of Re in surface soils and elevated Re concentrations in stream water, precipitation, and shallow groundwater. A mass balance model shows that this can be explained by a historical anthropogenic contribution of Re through atmospheric deposition. We estimate that the topsoil Re pool could take decades to centuries to deplete and call for a renewed focus on anthropogenic perturbation of the surface Re cycle in low denudation rate settings.
Published: 2023

2. Vascular pattern recognition for narrow-band imaging bronchoscopy

Author: Daneshpajooh, Vahid, Dumas, Cédric, Ahmad, Danish, Toth, Jennifer, Bascom, Rebecca, Higgins, William, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Perception, Action, Cognition pour la Conception et l’Ergonomie (LS2N - équipe PACCE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Département Automatique, Productique et Informatique (IMT Atlantique - DAPI), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, and SPIE
Subjects: lung cancer, bronchoscopy, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, few-shot learning, narrow-band imaging, bronchial lesion, Siamese networks, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Narrow-band imaging (NBI) bronchoscopy offers enhanced visualization of microvascular structures in the lung’s epithelium (airway walls). Recent studies suggest that such vessels are helpful in predicting the invasiveness of bronchial lesions. In particular, Shibuya characterized pathological features of lesions and studied their relationship with specific histological stages of lung cancer. We propose a method for identifying these vascular patterns using a small expert-labeled dataset. Our approach is based on a few-shot learning method using a Siamese network to learn and distinguish pathological features of the bronchial vasculature. We achieved better intra-class clustering and inter-class separation in the embedding space compared to a baseline CNN classifier. Further, a 25% increase in the overall accuracy was obtained during testing.
Published: 2023

3. Regional CO 2 Inversion Through Ensemble‐Based Simultaneous State and Parameter Estimation: TRACE Framework and Controlled Experiments

Author: Hans W. Chen, Fuqing Zhang, Thomas Lauvaux, Marko Scholze, Kenneth J. Davis, Richard B. Alley, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute [PennState] (EESI)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental Chemistry
Abstract: The rising level of carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentration in the atmosphere has profoundly altered the Earth's radiative balance and consequently the global climate (IPCC, 2021). Although sources and sinks of CO 2 to
Published: 2023

4. Electronic structure studies reveal 4f/5d mixing and its effect on bonding characteristics in Ce-imido and -oxo complexes

Author: Liane M. Moreau, Ekaterina Lapsheva, Jorge I. Amaro-Estrada, Michael R. Gau, Patrick J. Carroll, Brian C. Manor, Yusen Qiao, Qiaomu Yang, Wayne W. Lukens, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Eric J. Schelter, Laurent Maron, Corwin H. Booth, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL SLAC), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University-Stanford University, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Quantum Information Systems Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) at LBNL [DE-AC02-05CH11231], National Science Foundation [CHE1955724], Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Materials and Chemical Sciences Research for Quantum Information Science Program, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0020169], and University of Pennsylvania
Subjects: Chemical Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], General Chemistry
Abstract: This study presents the role of 5d orbitals in the bonding, and electronic and magnetic structure of Ce imido and oxo complexes synthesized with a tris(hydroxylaminato) [((2- t BuNO)C6H4CH2)3N]3- (TriNO x 3-) ligand framework, including the reported synthesis and characterization of two new alkali metal-capped Ce oxo species. X-ray spectroscopy measurements reveal that the imido and oxo materials exhibit an intermediate valent ground state of the Ce, displaying hallmark features in the Ce LIII absorption of partial f-orbital occupancy that are relatively constant for all measured compounds. These spectra feature a double peak consistent with other formal Ce(iv) compounds. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal enhanced levels of temperature-independent paramagnetism (TIP). In contrast to systems with direct bonding to an aromatic ligand, no clear correlation between the level of TIP and f-orbital occupancy is observed. CASSCF calculations defy a conventional van Vleck explanation of the TIP, indicating a single-reference ground state with no low-lying triplet excited state, despite accurately predicting the measured values of f-orbital occupancy. The calculations do, however, predict strong 4f/5d hybridization. In fact, within these complexes, despite having similar f-orbital occupancies and therefore levels of 4f/5d hybridization, the d-state distributions vary depending on the bonding motif (Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]O vs. Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]N) of the complex, and can also be fine-tuned based on varying alkali metal cation capping species. This system therefore provides a platform for understanding the characteristic nature of Ce multiple bonds and potential impact that the associated d-state distribution may have on resulting reactivity.
Published: 2022

5. Radiation effects on the structure and alteration behavior of a SiO$_2$ ‐Al$_2$ O$_3$ ‐B$_2$ O$_3$ ‐Na$_2$ O glass

Author: Jan, Amreen, Delaye, Jean‐marc, Kaya, Huseyin, Kim, Seong, Mir, Anamul Haq, Charpentier, Thibault, Angeli, Frédéric, Gin, Stephane, Laboratoire de Développement des Procédés de Vitrification (LDPV), Département de recherche sur les Procédés et Matériaux pour les Environnements complexes (DPME), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique (LCF) (LSDRM), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Center for Performance and Design of Nuclear Waste Forms and Containers, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC00165, and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for funding under Early career Fellowship grant EP/ T012811/1.
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: International audience; As borosilicate glasses are used in many countries to immobilize fission products and minor actinides after spent fuel reprocessing before storage in a deep geological repository, assessing their chemical durability is of paramount importance. Here pristine and pre-irradiated (952MeV, 136Xe) SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3-Na2O glasses with the same molar ratios as in the French SON68 and ISG glasses have been subjected to aqueous corrosion in deionized water and in silica saturated solution to measure the initial and longer-term alteration rates. Pristine and pre-irradiated glasses corrode following the same mechanisms but the pre-irradiation has a strong impact on the initial dissolution rate (increase by a factor of 5.6), and on the alteration layer depth in silica saturated conditions (by 2–3 folds). The later result is related to the formation of a more porous, less passivating gel on the pre-irradiated glass specimen. Using both experimental spectroscopies (NMR, IR, SFG) and classical molecular dynamics, the radiation effects on the glass structure and water diffusion have been assessed. After pre-irradiation, the density and the polymerization degree of the glass decrease while the topological disorder increases. In consequence, water diffusion accelerates. These observations allow to correlate the radiation impact on the alteration behavior to the structural changes.
Published: 2022

6. Airborne lidar measurements of XCO$_2$ in synoptically active environment and associated comparisons with numerical simulations

Author: Samantha Walley, Sandip Pal, Joel F. Campbell, Jeremy Dobler, Emily Bell, Brad Weir, Sha Feng, Thomas Lauvaux, David Baker, Nathan Blume, Wayne Erxleben, Tai‐Fang Fan, Bing Lin, Doug McGregor, Michael D. Obland, Chris O'Dell, Kenneth J. Davis, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Spectral Sensor Solutions LLC, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3 Harris Technologies, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Hampton] (SSAI), and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute [PennState] (EESI)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Frontal boundaries have been shown to cause large changes in CO$_2$ mole-fractions, but clouds and the complex vertical structure of fronts make these gradients difficult to observe. It remains unclear how the column average CO$_2$ dry air mole-fraction (XCO$_2$) changes spatially across fronts, and how well airborne lidar observations, data assimilation systems, and numerical models without assimilation capture XCO$_2$ frontal contrasts (ΔXCO$_2$, i.e., warm minus cold sector average of XCO$_2$). We demonstrated the potential of airborne Multifunctional Fiber Laser Lidar (MFLL) measurements in heterogeneous weather conditions (i.e., frontal environment) to investigate the ΔXCO$_2$ during four seasonal field campaigns of the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport-America (ACT-America) mission. Most frontal cases in summer (winter) reveal higher (lower) XCO$_2$ in the warm (cold) sector than in the cold (warm) sector. During the transitional seasons (spring and fall), no clear signal in ΔXCO$_2$ was observed. Intercomparison among the MFLL, assimilated fields from NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), and simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting-—Chemistry (WRF-Chem) showed that (a) all products had a similar sign of ΔXCO$_2$ though with different levels of agreement in ΔXCO$_2$ magnitudes among seasons; (b) ΔXCO$_2$ in summer decreases with altitude; and (c) significant challenges remain in observing and simulating XCO$_2$ frontal contrasts. A linear regression analyses between ΔXCO$_2$ for MFLL versus GMAO, and MFLL versus WRF-Chem for summer-2016 cases yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.95 and 0.88, respectively. The reported ΔXCO2 variability among four seasons provide guidance to the spatial structures of XCO$_2$ transport errors in models and satellite measurements of XCO$_2$ in synoptically-active weather systems.
Published: 2022

7. Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning

Author: Tomislav Pavlović, Flavio Azevedo, Koustav De, Julián C Riaño-Moreno, Marina Maglić, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Patricio Andreas Donnelly-Kehoe, César Payán-Gómez, Guanxiong Huang, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Michèle D Birtel, Philipp Schönegger, Valerio Capraro, Hernando Santamaría-García, Meltem Yucel, Agustin Ibanez, Steve Rathje, Erik Wetter, Dragan Stanojević, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Eugenia Hesse, Christian T Elbaek, Renata Franc, Zoran Pavlović, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Aleksandra Cichocka, Michele Gelfand, Mark Alfano, Robert M Ross, Hallgeir Sjåstad, John B Nezlek, Aleksandra Cislak, Patricia Lockwood, Koen Abts, Elena Agadullina, David M Amodio, Matthew A J Apps, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Sahba Besharati, Alexander Bor, Becky Choma, William Cunningham, Waqas Ejaz, Harry Farmer, Andrej Findor, Biljana Gjoneska, Estrella Gualda, Toan L D Huynh, Mostak Ahamed Imran, Jacob Israelashvili, Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, André Krouwel, Yordan Kutiyski, Michael Laakasuo, Claus Lamm, Jonathan Levy, Caroline Leygue, Ming-Jen Lin, Mohammad Sabbir Mansoor, Antoine Marie, Lewend Mayiwar, Honorata Mazepus, Cillian McHugh, Andreas Olsson, Tobias Otterbring, Dominic Packer, Jussi Palomäki, Anat Perry, Michael Bang Petersen, Arathy Puthillam, Tobias Rothmund, Petra C Schmid, David Stadelmann, Augustin Stoica, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Kristina Stoyanova, Shruti Tewari, Bojan Todosijević, Benno Torgler, Manos Tsakiris, Hans H Tung, Radu Gabriel Umbreș, Edmunds Vanags, Madalina Vlasceanu, Andrew J Vonasch, Yucheng Zhang, Mohcine Abad, Eli Adler, Hamza Alaoui Mdarhri, Benedict Antazo, F Ceren Ay, Mouhamadou El Hady Ba, Sergio Barbosa, Brock Bastian, Anton Berg, Michał Białek, Ennio Bilancini, Natalia Bogatyreva, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jonathan E Booth, Sylvie Borau, Ondrej Buchel, Chrissie Ferreira de Carvalho, Tatiana Celadin, Chiara Cerami, Hom Nath Chalise, Xiaojun Cheng, Luca Cian, Kate Cockcroft, Jane Conway, Mateo A Córdoba-Delgado, Chiara Crespi, Marie Crouzevialle, Jo Cutler, Marzena Cypryańska, Justyna Dabrowska, Victoria H Davis, John Paul Minda, Pamala N Dayley, Sylvain Delouvée, Ognjan Denkovski, Guillaume Dezecache, Nathan A Dhaliwal, Alelie Diato, Roberto Di Paolo, Uwe Dulleck, Jānis Ekmanis, Tom W Etienne, Hapsa Hossain Farhana, Fahima Farkhari, Kristijan Fidanovski, Terry Flew, Shona Fraser, Raymond Boadi Frempong, Jonathan Fugelsang, Jessica Gale, E Begoña García-Navarro, Prasad Garladinne, Kurt Gray, Siobhán M Griffin, Bjarki Gronfeldt, June Gruber, Eran Halperin, Volo Herzon, Matej Hruška, Matthias F C Hudecek, Ozan Isler, Simon Jangard, Frederik Jørgensen, Oleksandra Keudel, Lina Koppel, Mika Koverola, Anton Kunnari, Josh Leota, Eva Lermer, Chunyun Li, Chiara Longoni, Darragh McCashin, Igor Mikloušić, Juliana Molina-Paredes, César Monroy-Fonseca, Elena Morales-Marente, David Moreau, Rafał Muda, Annalisa Myer, Kyle Nash, Jonas P Nitschke, Matthew S Nurse, Victoria Oldemburgo de Mello, M Soledad Palacios-Galvez, Yafeng Pan, Zsófia Papp, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Silva Perander, Michael Pitman, Ali Raza, Gabriel Gaudencio Rêgo, Claire Robertson, Iván Rodríguez-Pascual, Teemu Saikkonen, Octavio Salvador-Ginez, Waldir M Sampaio, Gaia Chiara Santi, David Schultner, Enid Schutte, Andy Scott, Ahmed Skali, Anna Stefaniak, Anni Sternisko, Brent Strickland, Jeffrey P Thomas, Gustav Tinghög, Iris J Traast, Raffaele Tucciarelli, Michael Tyrala, Nick D Ungson, Mete Sefa Uysal, Dirk Van Rooy, Daniel Västfjäll, Joana B Vieira, Christian von Sikorski, Alexander C Walker, Jennifer Watermeyer, Robin Willardt, Michael J A Wohl, Adrian Dominik Wójcik, Kaidi Wu, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Carolin-Theresa Ziemer, Rolf A Zwaan, Paulo Sergio Boggio, Ashley Whillans, Paul A M Van Lange, Rajib Prasad, Michal Onderco, Cathal O'Madagain, Tarik Nesh-Nash, Oscar Moreda Laguna, Emily Kubin, Mert Gümren, Ali Fenwick, Arhan S Ertan, Michael J Bernstein, Hanane Amara, Jay Joseph Van Bavel, Brain and Cognition, Public Administration, Pavlovic, Tomislav, Avezedo, Flávio, De, Koustav, Maglić, Marina, Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas, Payán-Gómez, César, Van Bavel, Jay J., Schmid, Petra Claudia, Crouzevialle, Marie, Willardt, Robin, et al., Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Kentucky (UK), Universidad El Bosque [Bogota], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Universidad del Rosario [Bogota], Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Universiteit Leiden, University of Greenwich, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Middlesex University [London], Pontifical Xavierian University, Duke University [Durham], Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez [Santiago], University of California (UC), Trinity College Dublin, Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Kent [Canterbury], Stanford University, Macquarie University, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities (SWPS), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], University of Oxford, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow] (HSE), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Sunway University [Malaysia], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of Toronto, National University of Sciences and Technology [Islamabad] (NUST), Comenius University in Bratislava, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts [Skopje, North Macedonia] (MASA), Universidad de Huelva, University of Southampton, BRAC University, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Kieskompas, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Vienna [Vienna], Reichman University [Herzliya], Aalto University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), HEMS School, BI Norwegian Business School [Oslo], University of Limerick (UL), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Agder (UIA), Lehigh University [Bethlehem], Monk Prayogshala, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH Zurïch), University of Bayreuth, National School of Political and Administrative Studies (SNSPA), Plovdiv University 'Paisii Hilendarski', Indian Institute of Management Indore (IMM Indore), Institute of Social Sciences Belgrade, Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of London [London], National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, University of Latvia (LU), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Hebei University of Technology [Tianjin], Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), AnsuR Technologies [Fornebu], Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Victoria University [Melbourne], University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), IMT Institute for Advanced Studies [Lucca], Université de Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), TBS Education, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Tribhuvan University, Shenzhen Univerisity [Shenzhen], University of Virginia, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), The University of Sydney, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Regensburg, Kyiv School of economic (KSE), Linköping University (LIU), Monash University [Clayton], Ansbach University of Applied Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Department of Management - London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Questrom School of Business, Boston University [Boston] (BU), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), University of Auckland [Auckland], Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), University of Alberta, Australian National University (ANU), University of Silesia in Katowice, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Zhejiang University, Mackenzie Presbyterian University [São Paulo] (UPM), NYU Department of Psychology [New-York University], NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), University of Turku, City College of New York [CUNY] (CCNY), University of Groningen [Groningen], Carleton University, Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Faculté de Gouvernance, Sciences Économiques et Sociales [UM6P] (FGSES), University College of London [London] (UCL), Susquehanna University, University of Antwerp (UA), University of Exeter, University of Koblenz-Landau, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Kyushu University, Kadir Has University (KHAS), Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Vidyasagar College For Women, Koç University, Hult International Business School, Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Penn State Abington, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Communication Science, Network Institute, Communication Choices, Content and Consequences (CCCC), Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, University of St Andrews. Philosophy, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Pavlović, Tomislav [0000-0002-4470-3715], Azevedo, Flavio [0000-0001-9000-8513], De, Koustav [0000-0001-9562-0672], Riaño-Moreno, Julián C [0000-0003-4182-0550], Maglić, Marina [0000-0002-6851-4601], Gkinopoulos, Theofilos [0000-0003-1070-6245], Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas [0000-0002-3738-9537], Payán-Gómez, César [0000-0002-0633-1332], Huang, Guanxiong [0000-0002-8588-1454], Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw [0000-0002-1186-5427], Birtel, Michèle D [0000-0002-2383-9197], Schönegger, Philipp [0000-0001-9930-487X], Capraro, Valerio [0000-0002-0579-0166], Santamaría-García, Hernando [0000-0001-9422-3579], Yucel, Meltem [0000-0002-7274-5971], Ibanez, Agustin [0000-0001-6758-5101], Rathje, Steve [0000-0001-6727-571X], Wetter, Erik [0000-0002-5821-6651], Stanojević, Dragan [0000-0002-3667-2461], van Prooijen, Jan-Willem [0000-0001-6236-0819], Hesse, Eugenia [0000-0002-9077-9833], Elbaek, Christian T [0000-0002-7039-4565], Franc, Renata [0000-0002-1909-2393], Pavlović, Zoran [0000-0002-9231-5100], Mitkidis, Panagiotis [0000-0002-9495-7369], Cichocka, Aleksandra [0000-0003-1703-1586], Alfano, Mark [0000-0001-5879-8033], Ross, Robert M [0000-0001-8711-1675], Sjåstad, Hallgeir [0000-0002-8730-1038], Nezlek, John B [0000-0003-4963-3637], Cislak, Aleksandra [0000-0002-9880-6947], Lockwood, Patricia [0000-0001-7195-9559], Abts, Koen [0000-0001-8546-8347], Agadullina, Elena [0000-0002-1505-1412], Amodio, David M [0000-0001-7746-0150], Apps, Matthew AJ [0000-0001-5793-2202], Aruta, John Jamir Benzon [0000-0003-4155-1063], Besharati, Sahba [0000-0003-2836-7982], Bor, Alexander [0000-0002-2624-9221], Choma, Becky [0000-0002-8286-8983], Ejaz, Waqas [0000-0002-2492-4115], Farmer, Harry [0000-0002-3684-0605], Findor, Andrej [0000-0002-5896-6989], Gjoneska, Biljana [0000-0003-1200-6672], Gualda, Estrella [0000-0003-0220-2135], Huynh, Toan LD [0000-0002-6653-7447], Imran, Mostak Ahamed [0000-0002-5101-3149], Israelashvili, Jacob [0000-0003-1289-223X], Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena [0000-0001-8128-7290], Krouwel, André [0000-0003-0952-6028], Kutiyski, Yordan [0000-0003-0889-4232], Laakasuo, Michael [0000-0003-2826-6073], Lamm, Claus [0000-0002-5422-0653], Levy, Jonathan [0000-0003-1007-2393], Leygue, Caroline [0000-0002-0355-1030], Lin, Ming-Jen [0000-0002-7174-2226], Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir [0000-0002-6541-3506], Marie, Antoine [0000-0002-7958-0153], Mayiwar, Lewend [0000-0003-1404-4779], Mazepus, Honorata [0000-0002-5005-9399], McHugh, Cillian [0000-0002-9701-3232], Olsson, Andreas [0000-0001-5272-7744], Otterbring, Tobias [0000-0002-0283-8777], Packer, Dominic [0000-0001-8420-6548], Palomäki, Jussi [0000-0001-6063-0926], Perry, Anat [0000-0003-2329-856X], Petersen, Michael Bang [0000-0002-6782-5635], Puthillam, Arathy [0000-0003-2426-8362], Rothmund, Tobias [0000-0003-2979-5129], Schmid, Petra C [0000-0002-9990-5445], Stadelmann, David [0000-0002-1211-9936], Stoica, Augustin [0000-0003-0585-1114], Stoyanov, Drozdstoy [0000-0002-9975-3680], Stoyanova, Kristina [0000-0001-8362-6444], Tewari, Shruti [0000-0003-1903-7252], Todosijević, Bojan [0000-0002-6116-993X], Torgler, Benno [0000-0002-9809-963X], Tsakiris, Manos [0000-0001-7753-7576], Tung, Hans H [0000-0001-5332-7582], Umbreș, Radu Gabriel [0000-0002-6121-4518], Vanags, Edmunds [0000-0003-1932-936X], Vlasceanu, Madalina [0000-0003-2138-1968], Vonasch, Andrew J [0000-0002-2784-5420], Zhang, Yucheng [0000-0001-9435-6734], Abad, Mohcine [0000-0002-4964-5411], Adler, Eli [0000-0002-9005-5536], Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui [0000-0001-9831-6561], Antazo, Benedict [0000-0001-9993-8960], Ay, F Ceren [0000-0003-4444-2268], Ba, Mouhamadou El Hady [0000-0002-2707-1242], Barbosa, Sergio [0000-0003-1989-158X], Bastian, Brock [0000-0003-4619-3322], Berg, Anton [0000-0001-7143-762X], Białek, Michał [0000-0002-5062-5733], Bilancini, Ennio [0000-0002-2027-3992], Bogatyreva, Natalia [0000-0002-6024-2322], Boncinelli, Leonardo [0000-0003-0626-5133], Booth, Jonathan E [0000-0002-8563-4613], Borau, Sylvie [0000-0003-1564-0695], Buchel, Ondrej [0000-0002-0139-5513], de Carvalho, Chrissie Ferreira [0000-0002-1369-6188], Celadin, Tatiana [0000-0002-7743-3117], Cerami, Chiara [0000-0003-1974-3421], Chalise, Hom Nath [0000-0002-9301-6890], Cian, Luca [0000-0002-8051-1366], Cockcroft, Kate [0000-0002-6166-8050], Conway, Jane [0000-0003-3883-349X], Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo A [0000-0002-2264-7388], Crespi, Chiara [0000-0002-7851-9887], Crouzevialle, Marie [0000-0002-5538-6030], Cutler, Jo [0000-0003-1073-764X], Cypryańska, Marzena [0000-0001-9234-562X], Dabrowska, Justyna [0000-0002-8821-7161], Davis, Victoria H [0000-0002-7207-4629], Minda, John Paul [0000-0002-4081-010X], Dayley, Pamala N [0000-0001-8955-9502], Delouvée, Sylvain [0000-0002-4029-597X], Denkovski, Ognjan [0000-0002-9739-4100], Dezecache, Guillaume [0000-0002-9366-6287], Dhaliwal, Nathan A [0000-0002-4667-0689], Di Paolo, Roberto [0000-0002-6081-6656], Dulleck, Uwe [0000-0002-0953-5963], Ekmanis, Jānis [0000-0003-1781-1785], Etienne, Tom W [0000-0002-4299-6593], Farkhari, Fahima [0000-0002-8484-5128], Fidanovski, Kristijan [0000-0002-9006-0140], Flew, Terry [0000-0003-4485-9338], Fraser, Shona [0000-0003-1505-0652], Frempong, Raymond Boadi [0000-0002-4603-5570], Fugelsang, Jonathan [0000-0002-6342-7023], Gale, Jessica [0000-0001-5677-8629], García-Navarro, E Begoña [0000-0001-6913-8882], Gray, Kurt [0000-0001-5816-2676], Griffin, Siobhán M [0000-0002-3613-2844], Gronfeldt, Bjarki [0000-0001-9941-7903], Gruber, June [0000-0002-7789-1353], Halperin, Eran [0000-0002-3379-2935], Herzon, Volo [0000-0001-7781-1651], Hruška, Matej [0000-0002-4521-3697], Hudecek, Matthias FC [0000-0002-7696-766X], Isler, Ozan [0000-0002-4638-2230], Jangard, Simon [0000-0002-7876-4161], Jørgensen, Frederik [0000-0002-5461-912X], Keudel, Oleksandra [0000-0001-6322-3103], Koppel, Lina [0000-0002-6302-0047], Koverola, Mika [0000-0001-8227-6120], Kunnari, Anton [0000-0002-2951-6399], Leota, Josh [0000-0002-7714-4630], Lermer, Eva [0000-0002-6600-9580], Li, Chunyun [0000-0001-5909-0889], Longoni, Chiara [0000-0002-4945-4957], McCashin, Darragh [0000-0003-2686-2111], Mikloušić, Igor [0000-0002-6539-2901], Monroy-Fonseca, César [0000-0003-4696-8159], Morales-Marente, Elena [0000-0002-1227-9606], Moreau, David [0000-0002-1957-1941], Muda, Rafał [0000-0003-4953-6642], Myer, Annalisa [0000-0002-2363-4757], Nash, Kyle [0000-0003-0461-3835], Nitschke, Jonas P [0000-0002-3244-8585], Nurse, Matthew S [0000-0003-1787-5914], de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo [0000-0003-2867-8529], Palacios-Galvez, Maria Soledad [0000-0002-6802-6202], Pan, Yafeng [0000-0002-5633-8313], Papp, Zsófia [0000-0001-6257-0568], Pärnamets, Philip [0000-0001-8360-9097], Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola [0000-0002-8716-9778], Perander, Silva [0000-0001-6711-8079], Pitman, Michael [0000-0001-5532-5388], Raza, Ali [0000-0002-2438-6054], Rêgo, Gabriel Gaudencio [0000-0003-3304-4723], Robertson, Claire [0000-0001-8403-6358], Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván [0000-0002-5385-3643], Saikkonen, Teemu [0000-0001-9619-3270], Salvador-Ginez, Octavio [0000-0002-1652-8788], Sampaio, Waldir M [0000-0002-6066-4314], Santi, Gaia Chiara [0000-0002-9253-6122], Schultner, David [0000-0003-2253-4065], Schutte, Enid [0000-0002-6653-5409], Scott, Andy [0000-0002-3294-0078], Skali, Ahmed [0000-0002-4753-3280], Stefaniak, Anna [0000-0002-1706-7784], Sternisko, Anni [0000-0002-2507-3076], Strickland, Brent [0000-0002-7573-3722], Thomas, Jeffrey P [0000-0002-5939-5559], Tinghög, Gustav [0000-0002-8159-1249], Tucciarelli, Raffaele [0000-0002-0342-308X], Tyrala, Michael [0000-0001-5268-8319], Ungson, Nick D [0000-0003-2494-4498], Uysal, Mete Sefa [0000-0002-8698-9213], Van Rooy, Dirk [0000-0003-2525-5408], Västfjäll, Daniel [0000-0003-2873-4500], Vieira, Joana B [0000-0001-7335-4588], von Sikorski, Christian [0000-0002-3787-8277], Walker, Alexander C [0000-0003-1431-6770], Watermeyer, Jennifer [0000-0001-7918-8832], Willardt, Robin [0000-0002-2495-3450], Wohl, Michael JA [0000-0001-6945-5562], Wójcik, Adrian Dominik [0000-0002-7073-6019], Wu, Kaidi [0000-0001-6881-7437], Yamada, Yuki [0000-0003-1431-568X], Yilmaz, Onurcan [0000-0002-6094-7162], Yogeeswaran, Kumar [0000-0002-1978-5077], Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa [0000-0002-0794-7702], Zwaan, Rolf A [0000-0001-9967-7879], Boggio, Paulo Sergio [0000-0002-6109-0447], Van Lange, Paul AM [0000-0001-7774-6984], Prasad, Rajib [0000-0003-0913-1624], Onderco, Michal [0000-0001-9911-3782], O'Madagain, Cathal [0000-0002-4086-524X], Nesh-Nash, Tarik [0000-0002-5532-9095], Kubin, Emily [0000-0003-0606-8594], Gümren, Mert [0000-0002-3298-6295], Fenwick, Ali [0000-0002-5412-9745], Ertan, Arhan S [0000-0001-9730-8391], Bernstein, Michael J [0000-0002-8083-9839], Amara, Hanane [0000-0003-0732-2320], Van Bavel, Jay Joseph [0000-0002-2520-0442], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), ASCoR Other Research (FMG), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Department of Digital Humanities, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Cognitive Science, High Performance Cognition group, Mind and Matter, and Department of Computer Science
Subjects: Hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation, hälsopolitik och hälsoekonomi, Economics, COVID-19, social distancing, hygiene, policy support, public health measures, J Political Science, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, psychology, Settore SECS-P/02 - Politica Economica, Q1, H Social Sciences, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Machine learning, Psychology, Nationalekonomi, Settore SECS-P/01 - Economia Politica, MCC, Computer. Automation, Psykologi (exklusive tillämpad psykologi), DAS, Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology), machine learning, Settore SECS-P/03 - Scienza delle Finanze, 5171 Political Science, Human medicine, COVID-19, social distancing, hygiene, policy support, public health measures
Abstract: At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic., PNAS Nexus, 1 (3), ISSN:2752-6542
Published: 2022

8. The Curiosity Rover’s Exploration of Glen Torridon, Gale crater, Mars: An Overview of the Campaign and Scientific Results

Author: Kristen A. Bennett, Valerie K. Fox, Alex Bryk, William Dietrich, Christopher Fedo, Lauren Edgar, Michael T. Thorpe, Amy J. Williams, Gregory M. Wong, Erwin Dehouck, Amy McAdam, Brad Sutter, Maëva Millan, Steven G. Banham, Candice C. Bedford, Thomas Bristow, Abigail Fraeman, Ashwin R. Vasavada, John Grotzinger, Lucy Thompson, Catherine O’Connell‐Cooper, Patrick Gasda, Amanda Rudolph, Robert Sullivan, Ray Arvidson, Agnes Cousin, Briony Horgan, Kathryn M. Stack, Allan Treiman, Jennifer Eigenbrode, Gwénaël Caravaca, Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Department of Earth Sciences [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [UC Berkeley, USA], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Texas State University, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Geosciences [Pennsylvania], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Jacobs Technology ESCG, Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Planetary and Space Science Centre (PASSC), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science (CCAPS), Cornell University [New York], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), and Purdue University [West Lafayette]
Subjects: Geophysics, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, explored the clay mineral-bearing Glen Torridon region for one martian year between January 2019 and January 2021, including a short campaign onto the Greenheugh pediment. The Glen Torridon campaign sought to characterize the geologyof the area, seek evidence of habitable environments, and document the onset of a potentially global climatic transition during the Hesperian era. Curiosity roved 5 km in total throughout Glen Torridon, from the Vera Rubin ridge to the northern margin of the Greenheugh pediment. Curiosityacquired samples from 11 drill holes during this campaign and conducted the first martian thermochemolytic-based organics detection experiment with the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite. The lowest elevations within Glen Torridon represent a continuation of lacustrine Murray formation deposits, but overlying widespread cross bedded sandstones indicate an interval of more energetic fluvial environments and prompted the definition of a new stratigraphic formation in the Mount Sharp group called the Carolyn Shoemaker formation. Glen Torridon hostsabundant phyllosilicates yet remains compositionally and mineralogically comparable to the rest of the Mount Sharp group. Glen Torridon samples have a great diversity and abundance of sulfurbearing organic molecules, which are consistent with the presence of ancient refractory organicmatter. The Glen Torridon region experienced heterogeneous diagenesis, with the most striking alteration occurring just below the Siccar Point unconformity at the Greenheugh pediment. Results from the pediment campaign show that the capping sandstone formed within the StimsonHesperian aeolian sand sea that experienced seasonal variations in wind direction.
Published: 2022

9. The Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment: stratigraphy, architecture, and correlation

Author: Banham, Steven, Bedford, Candice, Gupta, Sanjeev, Roberts, Amelie, Dietrich, William, Bryk, Alexander, Rubin, David M., Grotzinger, John, Weintraub, Aaron, House, Christopher, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Kah, Linda C., Vasavada, Ashwin, Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Penn State Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, dunes, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, MSL, Gale crater, aeolian setting, Stimson Formation
Abstract: International audience; The Stimson formation, Gale crater represents the preserved expression of a major dune field which coalesced on the eroded flank of Mount Sharp [1-3]. This unit, which records spatial and temporal relations between interacting dunes can be used to gain insight into aeolian processes, interactions, and dune field construction processes on other planetary bodies. Here, the current understanding (as of spring 2022) of the Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment is summarized.
Published: 2022

10. Multi‐Season Evaluation of CO 2 Weather in OCO‐2 MIP Models

Author: Zhang, Li, Davis, Kenneth, Schuh, Andrew, Jacobson, Andrew, Pal, Sandip, Cui, Yu Yan, Baker, David, Crowell, Sean, Chevallier, Frederic, Remaud, Marine, Liu, Junjie, Weir, Brad, Philip, Sajeev, Johnson, Matthew, Deng, Feng, Basu, Sourish, Cui, Yu, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The ability of current global models to simulate the transport of CO 2 by mid-latitude, synopticscale weather systems (i.e., CO 2 weather) is important for inverse estimates of regional and global carbon budgets but remains unclear without comparisons to targeted measurements. Here, we evaluate ten models that participated in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 model intercomparison project (OCO-2 MIP version 9) with intensive aircraft measurements collected from the Atmospheric Carbon Transport (ACT)-America mission. We quantify model-data differences in the spatial variability of CO 2 mole fractions, mean winds, and boundary layer depths in 27 mid-latitude cyclones spanning four seasons over the central and eastern United States. We find that the OCO-2 MIP models are able to simulate observed CO 2 frontal differences with varying degrees of success in summer and spring, and most underestimate frontal differences in winter and autumn. The models may underestimate the observed boundary layer-to-free troposphere CO 2 differences in spring and autumn due to model errors in boundary layer height. Attribution of the causes of model biases in other seasons remains elusive. Transport errors, prior fluxes, and/or inversion algorithms appear to be the primary cause of these biases since model performance is not highly sensitive to the CO 2 data used in the inversion. The metrics presented here provide new benchmarks regarding the ability of atmospheric inversion systems to reproduce the CO 2 structure of mid-latitude weather systems. Controlled experiments are needed to link these metrics more directly to the accuracy of regional or global flux estimates. Plain Language Summary Global flux estimate systems use CO 2 observations, atmospheric transport models, CO 2 flux models (emissions and absorption), and mathematical optimization methods to estimate biosphere-atmosphere CO 2 exchange. Accurate representation of atmospheric transport is important for a reliable optimization of fluxes in these systems. We use intensive aircraft measurements of wind speed, boundary layer height, and horizontal and vertical differences of CO 2 concentrations within 27 mid-latitude cyclones collected by the Atmospheric Carbon Transport (ACT)-America mission to evaluate the performance of ten global flux estimate systems from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 model intercomparison project (OCO-2 MIP). We find the models can simulate observed horizontal CO 2 differences between the warm and cold parts of cyclones with different degrees of success in summer and spring, but often underestimate the observed cross-frontal and vertical differences in CO 2 in winter and autumn. The models may underestimate the CO 2 differences between the boundary layer and the free troposphere due to model errors in boundary layer height and surface fluxes. These weather-oriented CO 2 metrics provide benchmarks for testing simulations of the CO 2 structure within cyclones. Future efforts are needed to link these metrics more directly to the accuracy of CO 2 flux estimates. ZHANG ET AL.
Published: 2022

11. National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author: Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Agustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo De Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Agustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, Van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., Von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqa, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Augustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Clau, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagioti, Olsson, Andrea, Otterbring, Tobia, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobia, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Mano, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmund, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andre, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jāni, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilo, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo de Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., Department of Digital Humanities, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Arts), Cognitive Science, Helsinki Research Hub on Religion, Media and Social Change, Helsinki Social Computing Group, Doctoral Programme in Cognition, Learning, Instruction and Communication, Mind and Matter, High Performance Cognition group, Medicum, Digital Humanities, Law and Economics, Pharmacy, Public Administration, Molecular Genetics, Research Methods and Techniques, Brain and Cognition, Van Bavel, Jay J [0000-0002-2520-0442], Cichocka, Aleksandra [0000-0003-1703-1586], Sjåstad, Hallgeir [0000-0002-8730-1038], Nezlek, John B [0000-0003-4963-3637], Pavlović, Tomislav [0000-0002-4470-3715], Alfano, Mark [0000-0001-5879-8033], Azevedo, Flavio [0000-0001-9000-8513], Cislak, Aleksandra [0000-0002-9880-6947], Lockwood, Patricia L [0000-0001-7195-9559], Ross, Robert Malcolm [0000-0001-8711-1675], Abts, Koen [0000-0001-8546-8347], Agadullina, Elena [0000-0002-1505-1412], Aruta, John Jamir Benzon [0000-0003-4155-1063], Besharati, Sahba Nomvula [0000-0003-2836-7982], Bor, Alexander [0000-0002-2624-9221], Crabtree, Charles David [0000-0001-5144-8671], De, Koustav [0000-0001-9562-0672], Ejaz, Waqas [0000-0002-2492-4115], Elbaek, Christian T [0000-0002-7039-4565], Findor, Andrej [0000-0002-5896-6989], Franc, Renata [0000-0002-1909-2393], Gjoneska, Biljana [0000-0003-1200-6672], Huynh, Toan Luu Duc [0000-0002-1486-127X], Ibanez, Augustin [0000-0001-6758-5101], Imran, Mostak Ahamed [0000-0002-5101-3149], Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw [0000-0002-1186-5427], Krouwel, André [0000-0003-0952-6028], Laakasuo, Michael [0000-0003-2826-6073], Lamm, Claus [0000-0002-5422-0653], Leygue, Caroline [0000-0002-0355-1030], Lin, Ming-Jen [0000-0002-7174-2226], Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir [0000-0002-6541-3506], Marie, Antoine [0000-0002-7958-0153], McHugh, Cillian [0000-0002-9701-3232], Minda, John Paul [0000-0002-4081-010X], Mitkidis, Panagiotis [0000-0002-9495-7369], Olsson, Andreas [0000-0001-5272-7744], Otterbring, Tobias [0000-0002-0283-8777], Perry, Anat [0000-0003-2329-856X], Petersen, Michael Bang [0000-0002-6782-5635], Riaño-Moreno, Julián C [0000-0003-4182-0550], Rothmund, Tobias [0000-0003-2979-5129], Schmid, Petra C [0000-0002-9990-5445], Stoyanov, Drozdstoy [0000-0002-9975-3680], Todosijević, Bojan [0000-0002-6116-993X], Tsakiris, Manos [0000-0001-7753-7576], Tung, Hans H [0000-0001-5332-7582], Vanags, Edmunds [0000-0003-1932-936X], Vlasceanu, Madalina [0000-0003-2138-1968], Yucel, Meltem [0000-0002-7274-5971], Zhang, Yucheng [0000-0001-9435-6734], Abad, Mohcine [0000-0002-4964-5411], Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui [0000-0001-9831-6561], Amara, Hanane [0000-0003-0732-2320], Antazo, Benedict G [0000-0001-9993-8960], Apps, Matthew [0000-0001-5793-2202], Barbosa, Sergio [0000-0003-1989-158X], Bastian, Brock [0000-0003-4619-3322], Bernal-Zárate, Maria P [0000-0001-8232-6220], Białek, Michał [0000-0002-5062-5733], Boncinelli, Leonardo [0000-0003-0626-5133], Booth, Jonathan E [0000-0002-8563-4613], Borau, Sylvie [0000-0003-1564-0695], Buchel, Ondrej [0000-0002-0139-5513], Chalise, Hom Nath [0000-0002-9301-6890], Cian, Luca [0000-0002-8051-1366], Cockcroft, Kate [0000-0002-6166-8050], Conway, Jane [0000-0003-3883-349X], Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres [0000-0002-2264-7388], Crouzevialle, Marie [0000-0002-5538-6030], Cutler, Jo [0000-0003-1073-764X], Dabrowska, Justyna [0000-0002-8821-7161], Davis, Victoria H [0000-0002-7207-4629], Dayley, Pamala N [0000-0001-8955-9502], Delouvee, Sylvain [0000-0002-4029-597X], Di Paolo, Roberto [0000-0002-6081-6656], Dulleck, Uwe [0000-0002-0953-5963], Ekmanis, Jānis [0000-0003-1781-1785], Etienne, Tom W [0000-0002-4299-6593], Farkhari, Fahima [0000-0002-8484-5128], Farmer, Harry [0000-0002-3684-0605], Fenwick, Ali [0000-0002-5412-9745], Flew, Terry [0000-0003-4485-9338], Frempong, Raymond Boadi [0000-0002-4603-5570], Gale, Jessica [0000-0001-5677-8629], Garcia-Navarro, E Begoña [0000-0001-6913-8882], Ghajjou, Oussama [0000-0002-2975-0265], Griffin, Siobhán M [0000-0002-3613-2844], Halperin, Eran [0000-0002-3379-2935], Herzon, Volo [0000-0001-7781-1651], Huang, Guanxiong [0000-0002-8588-1454], Hudecek, Matthias FC [0000-0002-7696-766X], Isler, Ozan [0000-0002-4638-2230], Jangard, Simon [0000-0002-7876-4161], Jørgensen, Frederik J [0000-0002-5461-912X], Kahn, John [0000-0002-0548-3123], Koppel, Lina [0000-0002-6302-0047], Koverola, Mika [0000-0001-8227-6120], Leota, Josh [0000-0002-7714-4630], Lermer, Eva [0000-0002-6600-9580], Maglić, Marina [0000-0002-6851-4601], Metcalf, Alexander L [0000-0001-9532-585X], Miura, Asako [0000-0002-7563-7503], Monroy-Fonseca, César [0000-0003-4696-8159], Morales-Marente, Elena [0000-0002-1227-9606], Moreau, David [0000-0002-1957-1941], Nesh-Nash, Tarik [0000-0002-5532-9095], Nitschke, Jonas P [0000-0002-3244-8585], Nurse, Matthew S [0000-0003-1787-5914], Palomäki, Jussi [0000-0001-6063-0926], Pan, Yafeng [0000-0002-5633-8313], Pavlović, Zoran [0000-0002-9231-5100], Payán-Gómez, César [0000-0002-0633-1332], Perander, Silva [0000-0001-6711-8079], Pitman, Michael Mark [0000-0001-5532-5388], Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna [0000-0002-9112-8629], Raza, Ali [0000-0002-2438-6054], Rhee, Kasey [0000-0002-8562-0801], Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván [0000-0002-5385-3643], Saikkonen, Teemu [0000-0001-9619-3270], Sampaio, Waldir M [0000-0002-6066-4314], Schönegger, Philipp [0000-0001-9930-487X], Schultner, David T [0000-0003-2253-4065], Scott, Andy [0000-0002-3294-0078], Skali, Ahmed [0000-0002-4753-3280], Stadelmann, David [0000-0002-1211-9936], Stafford, Clara Alexandra [0000-0003-1716-7870], Stanojević, Dragan [0000-0002-3667-2461], Stefaniak, Anna [0000-0002-1706-7784], Sternisko, Anni [0000-0002-2507-3076], Stoica, Augustin [0000-0003-0585-1114], Sundvall, Jukka [0000-0003-4310-1162], Tinghög, Gustav [0000-0002-8159-1249], Torgler, Benno [0000-0002-9809-963X], Tucciarelli, Raffaele [0000-0002-0342-308X], Tyrala, Michael [0000-0001-5268-8319], Van Lange, Paul AM [0000-0001-7774-6984], van Prooijen, Jan-Willem [0000-0001-6236-0819], Västfjäll, Daniel [0000-0003-2873-4500], von Sikorski, Christian [0000-0002-3787-8277], Walker, Alexander Cameron [0000-0003-1431-6770], Watermeyer, Jennifer [0000-0001-7918-8832], Whillans, Ashley [0000-0002-1726-6978], Willardt, Robin [0000-0002-2495-3450], Wohl, Michael JA [0000-0001-6945-5562], Wójcik, Adrian Dominik [0000-0002-7073-6019], Wu, Kaidi [0000-0001-6881-7437], Yamada, Yuki [0000-0003-1431-568X], Yilmaz, Onurcan [0000-0002-6094-7162], Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa [0000-0002-0794-7702], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Communication Science, Network Institute, Communication Choices, Content and Consequences (CCCC), Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), University of Kent [Canterbury], Middlesex University [London], Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities (SWPS), College of William and Mary [Williamsburg] (WM), Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, Macquarie University, Stanford University, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], University of Greenwich, University of Oxford, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow] (HSE), De La Salle University [Manila] (DLSU), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Toronto, Dartmouth College [Hanover], University of Kentucky (UK), National University of Sciences and Technology [Islamabad] (NUST), Comenius University in Bratislava, IntraMed, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts [Skopje, North Macedonia] (MASA), University of Colorado [Boulder], Universidad de Huelva, WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management, University Adolfo Ibanez (Santiago), University of Dhaka, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Universiteit Leiden, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Vienna [Vienna], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Tribhuvan University, BI Norwegian Business School [Oslo], University of Limerick (UL), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Duke University [Durham], Karolinska Institute, University of Agder (UIA), Lehigh University [Bethlehem], Monk Prayogshala, Cooperative University of Colombia, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Department of Management, Technology, and Economics [ETH Zürich] (D-MTEC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Medical University of Plovdiv, Indian Institute of Management Indore (IMM Indore), Institute of Social Sciences Belgrade, University of London [London], University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], National School of Political and Administrative Studies (SNSPA), University of Latvia (LU), Princeton University, University of Canterbury [Christchurch], University of Virginia, Hebei University of Technology [Tianjin], Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), Institute for Research and Development-Kurdistan, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Universidad del Rosario [Bogota], University of Melbourne, Penn State Abington, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), IMT Alti Studi Lucca, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tilburg University [Tilburg], Netspar, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), Shenzhen University [Shenzhen], Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Cracow University of Economics, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), Laboratoire de Psychologie : Cognition, Comportement, Communication (LP3C - EA1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Cavite State University-General Trias City Campus, School for Advanced Studies Lucca (IMT), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Australian National University (ANU), Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Kieskompas, Hult International Business School Dubai, The University of Sydney, University of Bayreuth, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], University of Bradford, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Koç University, City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), University of Regensburg, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Free University of Berlin (FU), Linköping University (LIU), University of Koblenz-Landau, University of Alberta, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC), Aalto University, Macquarie University [Sydney], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), University of Montana, Osaka University [Osaka], SEELE Neuroscience, University of Auckland [Auckland], Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), CUNY Graduate Center (The Graduate Center), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Medical University of Silesia (SUM), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Vidyasagar College For Women, AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Mackenzie Presbyterian University [São Paulo] (UPM), University of Turku, University of Newcastle [Callaghan, Australia] (UoN), University of St Andrews [Scotland], University of Groningen [Groningen], Carleton University, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration Bucharest, Romania (SNSPA), University of Plovdiv, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA), Partenaires INRAE, University College of London [London] (UCL), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Susquehanna University, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi = Dokuz Eylül University [Izmir] (DEÜ), Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Kyushu University, Kadir Has University (KHAS), Van Bavel, Jay J. [0000-0002-2520-0442], Nezlek, John B. [0000-0003-4963-3637], Lockwood, Patricia L. [0000-0001-7195-9559], Elbaek, Christian T. [0000-0002-7039-4565], Ibanez, Agustin [0000-0001-6758-5101], Riaño-Moreno, Julián C. [0000-0003-4182-0550], Schmid, Petra C. [0000-0002-9990-5445], Tung, Hans H. [0000-0001-5332-7582], Antazo, Benedict G. [0000-0001-9993-8960], Bernal-Zárate, Maria P. [0000-0001-8232-6220], Booth, Jonathan E. [0000-0002-8563-4613], Davis, Victoria H. [0000-0002-7207-4629], Dayley, Pamala N. [0000-0001-8955-9502], Etienne, Tom W. [0000-0002-4299-6593], Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña [0000-0001-6913-8882], Griffin, Siobhán M. [0000-0002-3613-2844], Hudecek, Matthias F. C. [0000-0002-7696-766X], Jørgensen, Frederik J. [0000-0002-5461-912X], Metcalf, Alexander L. [0000-0001-9532-585X], Nitschke, Jonas P. [0000-0002-3244-8585], Nurse, Matthew S. [0000-0003-1787-5914], Sampaio, Waldir M. [0000-0002-6066-4314], Schultner, David T. [0000-0003-2253-4065], Stoica, Agustin [0000-0003-0585-1114], Van Lange, Paul A. M. [0000-0001-7774-6984], Wohl, Michael J. A. [0000-0001-6945-5562], New York University, University of Kent, Middlesex University, Norwegian School of Economics, College of William and Mary, Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, KU Leuven, Higher School of Economics, De La Salle University Manila, University of the Witwatersrand, Aarhus University, X University, Dartmouth College, University of Kentucky, National University of Sciences and Technology Pakistan, IntraMed, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Huelva, Otto Beisheim School of Management, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, University of Helsinki, University of Vienna, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, National Taiwan University, BI Norwegian Business School, University of Limerick, Western University, Karolinska Institutet, University of Agder, Lehigh University, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Universidad Javeriana, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Indian Institute of Management Indore, Institute of Social Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, University of Latvia, University of Canterbury, Duke University, Hebei University of Technology, University of Kurdistan, Impact For Development, Jose Rizal University, University of Birmingham, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Universidad del Rosario, Pennsylvania State University, University of Wrocław, IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, University of Florence, Birkbeck University of London, Toulouse Business School, Tilburg University, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Universita di Bologna, University of Pavia, Shenzhen University, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Casimiro Mondino - Pavia, University of British Columbia, University of California Los Angeles, University of Rennes 2, University of Amsterdam, Université Clermont Auvergne, Cavite State University, Queensland University of Technology, Bogazici University, University of Sydney, University of Waterloo, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Koc University, City University of Hong Kong, Free University of Berlin, Linköping University, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Dublin City University, Osaka University, University of Auckland, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Australian National University, The University of Tokyo, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, University of Belgrade, University of Calcutta, AGH University of Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, University of Newcastle, University of St Andrews, University of Groningen, National School of Political and Administrative Studies, University College London, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Stockholm School of Economics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, University of California San Diego, Kadir Has University, Aalto-yliopisto, University of St Andrews. School of International Relations, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Van Bavel, J, Cichocka, A, Capraro, V, Sjastad, H, Nezlek, J, Pavlovic, T, Alfano, M, Gelfand, M, Azevedo, F, Birtel, M, Cislak, A, Lockwood, P, Ross, R, Abts, K, Agadullina, E, Aruta, J, Besharati, S, Bor, A, Choma, B, Crabtree, C, Cunningham, W, De, K, Ejaz, W, Elbaek, C, Findor, A, Flichtentrei, D, Franc, R, Gjoneska, B, Gruber, J, Gualda, E, Horiuchi, Y, Huynh, T, Ibanez, A, Imran, M, Israelashvili, J, Jasko, K, Kantorowicz, J, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, E, Krouwel, A, Laakasuo, M, Lamm, C, Leygue, C, Lin, M, Mansoor, M, Marie, A, Mayiwar, L, Mazepus, H, Mchugh, C, Minda, J, Mitkidis, P, Olsson, A, Otterbring, T, Packer, D, Perry, A, Petersen, M, Puthillam, A, Riano-Moreno, J, Rothmund, T, Santamaria-Garcia, H, Schmid, P, Stoyanov, D, Tewari, S, Todosijevic, B, Tsakiris, M, Tung, H, Umbres, R, Vanags, E, Vlasceanu, M, Vonasch, A, Yucel, M, Zhang, Y, Abad, M, Adler, E, Akrawi, N, Mdarhri, H, Amara, H, Amodio, D, Antazo, B, Apps, M, Ay, F, Ba, M, Barbosa, S, Bastian, B, Berg, A, Bernal-Zarate, M, Bernstein, M, Bialek, M, Bilancini, E, Bogatyreva, N, Boncinelli, L, Booth, J, Borau, S, Buchel, O, Cameron, C, Carvalho, C, Celadin, T, Cerami, C, Chalise, H, Cheng, X, Cian, L, Cockcroft, K, Conway, J, Cordoba-Delgado, M, Crespi, C, Crouzevialle, M, Cutler, J, Cypryanska, M, Dabrowska, J, Daniels, M, Davis, V, Dayley, P, Delouvee, S, Denkovski, O, Dezecache, G, Dhaliwal, N, Diato, A, Di Paolo, R, Drosinou, M, Dulleck, U, Ekmanis, J, Ertan, A, Etienne, T, Farhana, H, Farkhari, F, Farmer, H, Fenwick, A, Fidanovski, K, Flew, T, Fraser, S, Frempong, R, Fugelsang, J, Gale, J, Garcia-Navarro, E, Garladinne, P, Ghajjou, O, Gkinopoulos, T, Gray, K, Griffin, S, Gronfeldt, B, Gumren, M, Gurung, R, Halperin, E, Harris, E, Herzon, V, Hruska, M, Huang, G, Hudecek, M, Isler, O, Jangard, S, Jorgensen, F, Kachanoff, F, Kahn, J, Dangol, A, Keudel, O, Koppel, L, Koverola, M, Kubin, E, Kunnari, A, Kutiyski, Y, Laguna, O, Leota, J, Lermer, E, Levy, J, Levy, N, Li, C, Long, E, Longoni, C, Maglic, M, Mccashin, D, Metcalf, A, Miklousic, I, El Mimouni, S, Miura, A, Molina-Paredes, J, Monroy-Fonseca, C, Morales-Marente, E, Moreau, D, Muda, R, Myer, A, Nash, K, Nesh-Nash, T, Nitschke, J, Nurse, M, Ohtsubo, Y, Oldemburgo de Mello, V, O'Madagain, C, Onderco, M, Palacios-Galvez, M, Palomaki, J, Pan, Y, Papp, Z, Parnamets, P, Paruzel-Czachura, M, Pavlovic, Z, Payan-Gomez, C, Perander, S, Pitman, M, Prasad, R, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J, Rathje, S, Raza, A, Rego, G, Rhee, K, Robertson, C, Rodriguez-Pascual, I, Saikkonen, T, Salvador-Ginez, O, Sampaio, W, Santi, G, Santiago-Tovar, N, Savage, D, Scheffer, J, Schonegger, P, Schultner, D, Schutte, E, Scott, A, Sharma, M, Sharma, P, Skali, A, Stadelmann, D, Stafford, C, Stanojevic, D, Stefaniak, A, Sternisko, A, Stoica, A, Stoyanova, K, Strickland, B, Sundvall, J, Thomas, J, Tinghog, G, Torgler, B, Traast, I, Tucciarelli, R, Tyrala, M, Ungson, N, Uysal, M, Van Lange, P, van Prooijen, J, van Rooy, D, Vastfjall, D, Verkoeijen, P, Vieira, J, von Sikorski, C, Walker, A, Watermeyer, J, Wetter, E, Whillans, A, Willardt, R, Wohl, M, Wojcik, A, Wu, K, Yamada, Y, Yilmaz, O, Yogeeswaran, K, Ziemer, C, Zwaan, R, and Boggio, P
Subjects: IMAGE, Health Behavior, COVID-19, national identity, public health, pandemic, cross-cultural, Collective narcissism, Settore SECS-P/02 - Politica Economica, health behavior, Sociology, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Settore SECS-P/01 - Economia Politica, public health behaviours, COVID-19, collective behaviour, Public health, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Social Identification, 706/689/477/2811, article, Social identity, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800, 5141 Sociology, Settore SECS-P/03 - Scienza delle Finanze, National identity, Human, Cross-Cultural Comparison, BF Psychology, Science, COVID-19 pandemic, BF, national narcissism, HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology, Humans, Leadership, Pandemics, Public Health, SARS-CoV-2, Self Report, Social Conformity, Human development, 692/699/255/2514, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Human behaviour, political ideology, COLLECTIVE NARCISSISM, SOCIAL IDENTITY, MCC, Pandemic, IDENTIFICATION, DAS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Coronavirus, MODEL, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Viral infection, Idenfication, Image, RA Public aspects of medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Human medicine, RA, Model
Abstract: Funder: Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence Scheme, FAIR project No 262675, Funder: J. William Fulbright Program, Funder: Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, Funder: Economic Social Research Council Impact Acceleration Award, University of Oxford, Funder: Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Funder: Academy of Finland (Suomen Akatemia); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002341, Funder: Universität Wien (University of Vienna); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003065, Funder: Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004663, Funder: NOMIS Stiftung (NOMIS Foundation); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100008483, Funder: Princeton Graduate Student Research Funding (Program in Cognitive Science), Funder: Corruption Laboratory on Ethics, Accountability, and the Rule of Law (CLEAR), University of Virginia, Funder: Project Pro.Co.P.E., IMT School (PAI2019), Funder: Italian Ministry of University and Research - PRIN 2017 (20178293XT), Funder: Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000038, Funder: Australian Research Council (DP180102384), Funder: Ernst and Young (EY); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003064, Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Published: 2022

12. Constraining Alteration Processes Along the Siccar Point Group Unconformity, Gale Crater, Mars: Results from the Sample Analysis at Mars Instrument

Author: B. Sutter, A. C. McAdam, G. M. Wong, J. V. Clark, P. D. Archer, H. B. Franz, P. J. Gasda, D. W. Ming, A. Yen, J. M. T. Lewis, S. P. Schwenzer, S. M. R. Turner, E. B. Rampe, J. L. Eigenbrode, J. C. Stern, L. M. Thompson, E. Dehouck, C. Bedford, S. Banham, A. B. Bryk, C. O’Connell‐Cooper, C. S. House, M. Millan, C. Freissinet, R. Navarro‐Gonzalez, P. R. Mahaffy, C. A. Malespin, Jacobs Technology ESCG, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Penn State Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Washington], Howard University, School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Planetary and Space Science Centre (PASSC), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Biology [Washington], Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
Subjects: Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Results from the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM)-evolved gas analyzer (EGA) on board the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover constrained the alteration history and habitability potential of rocks sampled across the Siccar Point unconformity in Gale crater.The Glasgow member (Gm) mudstone just below the unconformity had evidence of acid sulfate or Si-poor brine alteration of Fe-smectite to Fe amorphous phases, leaching loss of Fe-Mg-sulfate and exchange of unfractionated sulfur 34S (δ34S=2±7‰) with enriched 34S (20±5‰, V-CDT). Carbon abundances did not significantly change (322-661 μgC/g) consistent with carbon stabilization by amorphous Al- and Fe-hydroxide phases. The Gm mudstone had no detectable oxychlorine and extremely low nitrate. Nitrate (0.06 wt.% NO3), oxychlorine (0.13 wt% ClO4), high C (1472 μg C/g), and low Fe/Mg-sulfate concentration (0.24 wt.% SO3) depleted in 34S (δ34S = -27‰ ± 7), were detected in the Stimson formation (Sf) eolian sandstone above the unconformity. Redox disequilibrium through the detections of iron sulfide and sulfate supported limited aqueous processes in the Sf sandstone. Si-poor brines or acidic fluids altered the Gm mudstone just below the unconformity but did not alter underlying Gm mudstones further from the contact. Chemical differences between the Sf and Gm rocks suggested that fluid interaction was minimal between the Sf and Gm rocks. These results suggested that the Gm rocks were altered by subsurface fluids after the Sf placement. Aqueous processes along the unconformity could have provided habitable conditions and in some cases, C and N levels could have supported heterotrophic microbial populations.
Published: 2022

13. Tunable Plasmonic Microcapsules with Embedded Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Optical Microsensing

Author: Céline Burel, Omar Ibrahim, Emanuele Marino, Harshit Bharti, Christopher B. Murray, Bertrand Donnio, Zahra Fakhraai, Rémi Dreyfus, Dreyfus, Remi, Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), RHODIA-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Pennsylvania, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Nanotechnologies et Nanosystèmes [Sherbrooke] (LN2), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: microcapsules, emulsion, silica, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, nanoparticles, plasmon coupling, humanities, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Abstract: International audience; We report a comprehensive investigation of the synthetic conditions leading to the formation of tunable plasmonic microcapsules (MCs) made of a hydrophobic liquid core encapsulated into a hard silica shell embedding plasmonic metallic nanoparticles (NPs). The distinctive and remarkable features of the prepared MCs are the inert nanometer-thin silica shell and the small plasmonic NPs embedded in it, which confer interesting optical absorbance properties. We tie the mechanical robustness of the MCs to the thickness of their silica shell. We show that several oils can be used for the synthesis of MCs and we evidence how the relative solubility of the silica precursor and the polarity of the oil phase influence the final MC characteristics. We also evidence the synthesis of “monoflavor” or “multiflavor” MCs with, respectively, a single type of NPs or a mixture of metallic NPs, respectively, embedded in the silica shell. Using experiments and simulations, we demonstrate that the optical response of the MCs can be finely tuned by choosing the right ratio between Ag and Au NPs initially suspended in the solution. Our heterogeneous hybrid MCs exhibit optical properties directly resulting from the choice of NP composition and shell thickness, making them of great interest not only for mechanical and chemical microsensing but also for applications in photothermal therapy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy studies, microreactor vesicles for interfacial electrocatalysis, antimicrobial activity, and drug delivery. Our simple and versatile emulsion template method holds great promise for the tailored design of a generation of multifunctional MCs consisting of modular nanoscale building block
Published: 2022

14. Measures of maximal entropy for surface diffeomorphisms

Author: Buzzi, J��r��me, Crovisier, Sylvain, Sarig, Omri, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LM-Orsay), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathematics department, Penn State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: Mathematics (miscellaneous), Mathematics::Dynamical Systems, [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], FOS: Mathematics, Dynamical Systems (math.DS), Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems
Abstract: International audience; We show that $C^\infty$ surface diffeomorphisms with positive topological entropy have at most finitely many ergodic measures of maximal entropy in general, and at most one in the topologically transitive case. This answers a question of Newhouse, who proved that such measures always exist. To do this we generalize Smale's spectral decomposition theorem to non-uniformly hyperbolic surface diffeomorphisms, we introduce homoclinic classes of measures, and we study their properties using codings by irreducible countable state Markov shifts.
Published: 2022

15. SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release

Author: A. Saro, Mara Salvato, K. Furnell, S. Damsted, Gary A. Mamon, J. Ider Chitham, G. Erfanianfar, Eric Jullo, Tom Dwelly, Johan Comparat, C. C. Kirkpatrick, Chris A. Collins, R. Capasso, Nicolas Clerc, Dmitry Bizyaev, Alexis Finoguenov, J. R. Brownstein, A. Gueguen, A. Kukkola, Donald P. Schneider, N. Padilla, Andrea Merloni, Clerc, N, C Kirkpatrick, C, Finoguenov, A, Capasso, R, Comparat, J, Damsted, S, Furnell, K, E Kukkola, A, Ider&nbsp, J, Chitham, Merloni, A, Salvato, M, Gueguen, A, Dwelly, T, Collins, C, Saro, A, Erfanianfar, G, P Schneider, D, Brownstein, J, A Mamon, G, Padilla, N, Jullo, E, Bizyaev, D, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Astrophysics Research Institute [Liverpool] (ARI), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Utah, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Apache point observatory, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, University of Trieste, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)
Subjects: II, SAMPLE, TELESCOPE, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable universe, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, galaxies: clusters: general, cosmology: observations, X-rays: galaxies: clusters, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, EROSITA, ROSAT, 0103 physical sciences, clusters: general [galaxies], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, QB, media_common, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], IDENTIFICATION, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, MASS CALIBRATION, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Redshift, Galaxy, galaxies: cluster [X-rays], RESOLUTION, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), COSMOLOGY, DIGITAL SKY SURVEY, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], observation [cosmology]
Abstract: SPIDERS (The SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) is a large spectroscopic programme for X-ray selected galaxy clusters as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV). We describe the final dataset in the context of SDSS Data Release 16 (DR16): the survey overall characteristics, final targeting strategies, achieved completeness and spectral quality, with special emphasis on its use as a galaxy cluster sample for cosmology applications. SPIDERS now consists of about 27,000 new optical spectra of galaxies selected within 4,000 photometric red sequences, each associated with an X-ray source. The excellent spectrograph efficiency and a robust analysis pipeline yield a spectroscopic redshift measurement success rate exceeding 98%, with a median velocity accuracy of 20 km s$^{-1}$ (at $z=0.2$). Using the catalogue of 2,740 X-ray galaxy clusters confirmed with DR16 spectroscopy, we reveal the three-dimensional map of the galaxy cluster distribution in the observable Universe up to $z\sim0.6$. We highlight the homogeneity of the member galaxy spectra among distinct regions of the galaxy cluster phase space. Aided by accurate spectroscopic redshifts and by a model of the sample selection effects, we compute the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity function and we present its lack of evolution up to $z=0.6$. Finally we discuss the prospects of forthcoming large multiplexed spectroscopic programmes dedicated to follow up the next generation of all-sky X-ray source catalogues., 19 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2020

16. Comparing hydrothermal sintering and cold sintering process: Mechanisms, microstructure, kinetics and chemistry

Author: Mert Y. Sengul, Catherine Elissalde, Jean Marc Thibaud, Adri C. T. van Duin, Dominique Denux, Kosuke Tsuji, Clive A. Randall, Thomas Hérisson de Beauvoir, Graziella Goglio, Sun Hwi Bang, Kenji Takashima, Arnaud Ndayishimiye, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), TAIYO YUDEN CO. (JAPAN), The Pennsylvania State University - PENNSTATE (USA), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France), Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State System, TAIYO YUDEN CO., LTD., Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, and This work was supported by Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd (funding 432-43 42MM, A.N.), the National Science Foundation (DMR-1728634) and AFOSR grant (grant no. FA9550-16-1-0429, C.A.R.). A.C.T.vD acknowledges funding support from the Multi-Scale Fluid-Solid Interactions in Architected and Natural Materials (MUSE) Center funded by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). MYS acknowledges partial funding support from U.S. National Science Foundation under Award No. DMR-1842922. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Ke Wang (Materials Characterization Laboratory, Penn State University) for TEM analysis and Dr. Marie-Anne Dourges (Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255) for mercury intrusion porosimetry and fruitful discussions.
Subjects: Ceramics, Materials science, Matériaux, Cold sintering, Kinetics, Pellets, Sintering, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Zinc, Molecular dynamics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Hydrothermal sintering, ReaxFF, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Ceramic, 010302 applied physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, chemistry, Chemical engineering, visual_art, Ceramics and Composites, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; This study reports the sintering of zinc oxide (ZnO) through the comparison between the hydrothermal sintering (HS) and the cold sintering process (CSP) operating in closed and open conditions, respectively. Sintering was performed at 155 ± 5 °C applying a pressure of 320 MPa, and during different holding times (0 min, 20 min, 40 min and 80 min). Whatever the low sintering process used, ceramics characteristics are almost similar in terms of relative densities and ZnO structure. However, several differences such as the nature of stabilized phases, grain sizes and quantities of residual molecules in the densified pellets, were characterized and explained. The formation of zinc acetate “bridges” was observed ex situ in hydrothermally sintered samples. A detailed ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation was performed to help understand the formation mechanisms of zinc acetate “bridges” and compare the chemical activities between HS and CSP.
Published: 2020

17. Highly conductive and transparent coatings from flow-aligned silver nanowires with large electrical and optical anisotropy

Author: Ye Xu, J. M. Kikkawa, Shu Yang, Coline Bretz, Annemarie L. Exarhos, Dave Kurz, Gabriel A Calderon-Ortiz, Ahmed Alsayed, Dengteng Ge, Remi Dreyfus, Arjun G. Yodh, Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), RHODIA-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Scattering, Microfluidics, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Flexible electronics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, business, Anisotropy, Electrical conductor, Sheet resistance
Abstract: International audience; Conductive and transparent coatings consisting of silver nanowires (AgNWs) are promising candidates for emerging flexible electronics applications. Coatings of aligned AgNWs offer unusual electronic and optical anisotropies, with potential for use in micro-circuits, antennas, and polarization sensors. Here we explore a microfluidics setup and flow-induced alignment mechanisms to create centimeter-scale highly conductive coatings of aligned AgNWs with order parameters reaching 0.84, leading to large electrical and optical anisotropies. By varying flow rates, we establish the relationship between the shear rate and the alignment and investigate possible alignment mechanisms. The angle-dependent sheet resistance of the aligned AgNW networks exhibits an electronic transport anisotropy of ∼10× while maintaining low resistivity (
Published: 2020

18. Strategies to mitigate enteric methane emissions by ruminants - a way to approach the 2.0°C target

Author: Claudia Arndt, Alexander N. Hristov, William J. Price, Shelby C. McClelland, Amalia M. Pelaez, Sergio F. Cueva, Joonpyo Oh, André Bannink, Ali R. Bayat, Les A. Crompton, Jan Dijkstra, Maguy A. Eugène, Ermias Kebreab, Michael Kreuzer, Mark McGee, Cécile Martin, Charles J. Newbold, Christopher K. Reynolds, Angela Schwarm, Kevin J. Shingfield, Jolien B. Veneman, David R. Yáñez-Ruiz, Zhong-tang Yu, Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enseñanza (CATIE), Colorado State University [Pueblo] (CSUPueblo), Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Wageningen Livestock Research, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Reading (UOR), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Ruminant livestock enteric fermentation contributes approximately one-third of the global anthropogenic methane (CH 4 ) emissions and is projected to increase significantly to meet the increasing demand for animal-sourced protein. Methane, a short-lived greenhouse gas, needs to be reduced -24 to -47% by 2050 relative to 2010 to meet the 2.0°C target. This study describes the results of a comprehensive meta-analysis to determine effective mitigation strategies. The database included findings from 425 peer-reviewed studies (1963 to 2018). Mitigation strategies were classified into three main categories [animal and feed management, diet formulation, and rumen manipulation (additives and methods used to modify the rumen)] and up to five subcategories (98 total mitigation strategy combinations). A random-effects meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance was carried out (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, V3.3.070). Five feeding strategies, namely CH 4 inhibitors, oils and fats, oilseeds, electron sinks, and tanniferous forages, decreased absolute CH 4 emissions by on average -21% (range -12 to -35%) and CH 4 emissions per unit of product (CH 4 I; meat or milk) by on average -17% (range -12 to -32%) without negatively affecting animal production (weight gain or milk yield). Furthermore, three strategies, namely decreasing dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio, increasing feeding level, and decreasing grass maturity, decreased CH 4 I by on average -12% (range -9 to -17%) and increased animal production by on average 45% (range 9 to 162%). The latter strategies are central to meeting the increasing demand for animal-sourced food. All strategies, but CH 4 inhibitors, can be implemented now and offer immediate approaches for combating global warming.
Published: 2021

19. Generating Functions for Certain Weighted Cranks

Author: Bandyopadhyay, Shreejit, Yee, Ae, Department of Mathematics [Pennsylvania State University] (PennState), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: Weighted partitions, Unimodal sequences, Nuclear Theory, k-colored partitions, 11P81, 05A17, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Partition crank, Mathematics::Numerical Analysis
Abstract: Recently, George Beck posed many interesting partition problems considering the number of ones in partitions. In this paper, we first consider the crank generating function weighted by the number of ones and obtain analytic formulas for this weighted crank function under conditions of the crank being less than or equal to some specific integer. We connect these cumulative and point crank functions to the generating functions of partitions with certain sizes of Durfee rectangles. We then consider a generalization of the crank for $k$-colored partitions, which was first introduced by Fu and Tang, and investigate the corresponding generating function for this crank weighted by the number of parts in the first subpartition of a $k$-colored partition. We show that the cumulative generating functions are the same as the generating functions for certain unimodal sequences.
Published: 2021

20. The Value of Specialization in Private Equity

Author: Spaenjers, Christophe, Steiner, Eva Maria, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), Smeal College of Business, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, and HEC Paris Research Paper Series
Subjects: JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G24 - Investment Banking • Venture Capital • Brokerage • Ratings and Ratings Agencies, firm ownership, real estate, investment performance, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G11 - Portfolio Choice • Investment Decisions, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, JEL: R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics/R.R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location/R.R3.R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets, private equity, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance/G.G3.G32 - Financing Policy • Financial Risk and Risk Management • Capital and Ownership Structure • Value of Firms • Goodwill
Abstract: We show that PE sector specialists outperform generalists at every stage of the investment life cycle. Using granular data for thousands of U.S. hotels over the last two decades, we document that specialists exert a greater positive influence on more margins of hotel operations, earn higher net cash flows over the holding period, and achieve larger capital gains upon exit than do their generalist peers and other, non-PE investors backing ex ante equivalent assets. By contrast, PE generalists’ strongest comparative advantage may be better access to attractively priced acquisition financing. Our results provide novel evidence on the heterogeneity of PE investment strategies and associated performance outcomes.
Published: 2021

21. Early Paleocene Paleoceanography and Export Productivity in the Chicxulub Crater

Author: Lowery C.M., Jones H.L., Bralower T.J., Cruz L.P., Gebhardt C., Whalen M.T., Chenot E., Smit J., Phillips M.P., Choumiline K., Arenillas I., Arz J.A., Garcia F., Ferrand M., Gulick S.P.S., Christeson G., Claeys P., Cockell C., Coolen M., Ferrière L., Goto K., Green S., Grice K., Kring D., Lofi J., Mellett C., Morgan J., Ocampo-Torres R., Pickersgill A., Poelchau M., Rae A., Rasmussen C., Rebolledo-Vieyra M., Riller U., Sato H., Schaefer B., Tikoo S., Tomioka N., Urrutia-Fucugauchi J., Wittmann A., Xiao L., Yamaguchi K., Zylberman W., Expedition 364 Science Party, Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Instituto de Geofisica [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Department of Earth Sciences [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Instituto Universitario en investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-Jackson School of Geosciences, and Geology and Geochemistry
Subjects: bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Paleontology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Sedimentology, 010506 paleontology, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Foraminifera, Water column, Impact crater, Paleoceanography, Phytoplankton, Photic zone, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Sedimentology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Terrigenous sediment, Paleontology, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Geochemistry, 15. Life on land, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Paleontology, biology.organism_classification, humanities, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Environmental science, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Geochemistry
Abstract: The Chicxulub impact caused a crash in productivity in the world''s oceans which contributed to the extinction of ~75% of marine species. In the immediate aftermath of the extinction, export productivity was locally highly variable, with some sites, including the Chicxulub crater, recording elevated export production. The long-term transition back to more stable export productivity regimes has been poorly documented. Here, we present elemental abundances, foraminifer and calcareous nannoplankton assemblage counts, total organic carbon, and bulk carbonate carbon isotope data from the Chicxulub crater to reconstruct changes in export productivity during the first 3 Myr of the Paleocene. We show that export production was elevated for the first 320 kyr of the Paleocene, declined from 320 kyr to 1.2 Myr, and then remained low thereafter. A key interval in this long decline occurred 900 kyr to 1.2 Myr post impact, as calcareous nannoplankton assemblages began to diversify. This interval is associated with fluctuations in water column stratification and terrigenous flux, but these variables are uncorrelated to export productivity. Instead, we postulate that the turnover in the phytoplankton community from a post-extinction assemblage dominated by picoplankton (which promoted nutrient recycling in the euphotic zone) to a Paleocene pelagic community dominated by relatively larger primary producers like calcareous nannoplankton (which more efficiently removed nutrients from surface waters, leading to oligotrophy) is responsible for the decline in export production in the southern Gulf of Mexico. © 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Published: 2021

22. AN OSCILLATOR DRIVEN BY ALGEBRAICALLY DECORRELATING NOISE

Author: Gomez, Chistophe, Iyer, Gautam, Le, Hai, Novikov, Alexei, Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Department of Mathematics (PSU), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, and Gomez, Christophe
Subjects: Diffusion-approximation, Probability (math.PR), FOS: Physical sciences, 60H10, 37H05 (Primary) 60F05, 60G15 (Secondary), Fractional processes, [MATH] Mathematics [math], Mathematical Physics (math-ph), 60G15 Hamiltonian systems, Algebraic decaying correlations, Secondary 60F05, 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 37H05, FOS: Mathematics, Random perturbations, 60H10, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Mathematics - Probability, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: We consider a stochastically forced nonlinear oscillator driven by a stationary Gaussian noise that has an algebraically decaying covariance function. It is well known that such noise processes can be renormalized to converge to fractional Brownian motion, a process that has memory. In contrast, we show that the renormalized limit of the nonlinear oscillator driven by this noise converges to diffusion driven by standard (not fractional) Brownian motion, and thus retains no memory in the scaling limit. The proof is based on the study of a fast-slow system using the perturbed test function method., Comment: 62 pages. Added some discussion about multiple vertex case. Accepted to Communications in Mathematical Physics
Published: 2021

23. HaloSat Observations of Heliospheric Solar Wind Charge Exchange

Author: P. Kaaret, M. Kounkel, D. M. LaRocca, A. Zajczyk, J. Richardson, J. Bluem, K. D. Kuntz, Dimitra Koutroumpa, R. Ringuette, Keith Jahoda, ADNET Systems, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Bellingham], Western Washington University (WWU), Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), and University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System
Subjects: Physics, Line-of-sight, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Ecliptic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ecliptic pole, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Galactic halo, Solar wind, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Emission spectrum, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Line (formation)
Abstract: International audience; X-ray emission from solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) produced in interplanetary space contaminates every astrophysical observation, regardless of the line of sight. Unfortunately, the primary SWCX emission lines also happen to be important diagnostics of astrophysical plasmas. Models of SWCX emission are limited by two main uncertainties: the local solar wind fluxes along the line of sight and the charge exchange cross sections. The He cone, a localized density enhancement of helium neutrals, is the only heliospheric SWCX emission feature that is small enough and bright enough to be observationally isolated from the X-ray background and the broader SWCX emission. HaloSat, an X-ray CubeSat mission, has recently completed two series of specialized observations, near and far from the ecliptic plane, during two Earth transits of the He cone. These observations were used to test the predictions of an SWCX emission model against the emission observed at low ecliptic latitude, where the solar wind data are monitored, and at high ecliptic latitude, where the solar wind data are extrapolated. The measured SWCX emission for the set of observations near the ecliptic plane was consistent with the line intensities predicted by the model but underpredicted for the set of observations at high ecliptic latitude near the south ecliptic pole. Additionally, high-temperature Galactic halo emission components are reported for both spectral sets.
Published: 2021

24. Hydrogen Evolution Mediated by Cobalt Diimine-Dioxime Complexes: Insights into the Role of the Ligand Acid/Base Functionalities

Author: Cyrille Costentin, Sharon Hammes-Schiffer, Vincent Artero, Dongyue Sun, Aparna Karippara Harshan, Jacques Pécaut, Solar fuels, hydrogen and catalysis (SolHyCat), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Chimie Interface Biologie pour l’Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Department of Chemistry, Yale University, Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox Biomimétique (DCM - CIRE ), Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox (DCM - CIRE ), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Base (chemistry), Hydrogen, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Ligand, Molecular Catalysis, Proton Relay, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, chemistry.chemical_element, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Cobalt hydride, Polymer chemistry, Electrochemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Hydrogen evolution, Mechanism, Cyclic Voltammetry, Cobalt, Diimine
Abstract: International audience; The benchmarking of the performance for H-2 evolution of cobalt diimine-dioxime catalysts is provided based on a comprehensive study of their catalytic mechanism. The latter follows an ECE'CC pathway with intermediate formation of a Co(II)-hydride intermediate and second protonation possibly at a basic site of the ligand, acting as a proton relay. This suggests an intramolecular coupling between the hydride and protonated ligand as the proton concentration-independent rate-determining step controlling the turnover frequency for H-2 evolution.
Published: 2021

25. Urban-focused satellite CO2 observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3: A first look at the Los Angeles megacity

Author: Coleen M. Roehl, Sha Feng, Laura T. Iraci, Tomohiro Oda, Thomas Lauvaux, Matthäus Kiel, John C. Lin, Ruixue Lei, Dustin D. Roten, J.-F. Blavier, Annmarie Eldering, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Salt Lake City], University of Utah, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch [Moffett Field], NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), ANR-17-MPGA-0008,CIUDAD,Quantification of urban greenhouse gas emissions(2017), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Observatory, Computers in Earth Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Fossil fuel, Mode (statistics), Geology, 020801 environmental engineering, Megacity, Volcano, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Satellite, Spatial maps, business, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) was designed to support the quantification and monitoring of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. Its Snapshot Area Map (SAM) and target mode measurements provide an innovative dataset for carbon studies on sub-city scales. Unlike any other current space-based instrument, OCO-3 has the ability to scan large contiguous areas of emission hot spots like cities, power plants, and volcanoes. These measurements result in dense, fine-scale spatial maps of column averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (X CO 2). For the first time, we present and analyze X CO 2 distributions over the Los Angeles megacity (LA) derived from OCO-3 SAM and target mode observations. Urban X CO 2 enhancements range from 0 − 6 ppm (median enhancements ≃ 2 ppm) relative to a clean background and show excellent agreement with nearby ground-based TCCON measurements of X CO 2. OCO-3's dense observations reveal intra-urban variations of X CO 2 over the city that have never been observed from space before. The spatial variations are mainly driven by the complex fossil fuel emission patterns and meteorological conditions in the LA Basin and are in good agreement with those from co-located TROPOMI measurements of co-emitted NO 2. Differences between measured and simulated X CO 2 enhancements from two models (WRF-Chem and X-STILT) are typically below 1 ppm with larger differences for some sub regions. Both models capture the observed intra-urban X CO 2 gradients. Further, OCO-3's multi-swath measurements capture about three times as much of the city emissions compared to single-swath overpasses. OCO-3's frequent target and SAM mode observations will pave the way to constrain urban emissions at finer, sub-city scales.
Published: 2021

26. Pyrolysis of Oxalate, Acetate, and Perchlorate Mixtures and the Implications for Organic Salts on Mars

Author: Melissa Guzman, Paul R. Mahaffy, A. Das, R. Williams, Cherie N. Achilles, C. A. Knudson, Slavka Andrejkovičová, Amy McAdam, J. M. T. Lewis, Brad Sutter, E. B. Rampe, Heather B. Franz, Maeva Millan, J. L. Eigenbrode, G. M. Wong, P. D. Archer, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Washington], Howard University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Jacobs Technology ESCG, Department of Biology [Washington], Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [College Park] (CRESST), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), International Space University (ISU), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Center for GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GEOBIOTEC), and Universidade de Aveiro
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evolved gas analysis, Inorganic chemistry, Salt (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, Oxalate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Acetic acid, Perchlorate, Geophysics, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Acetone, Organic matter, Pyrolysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Organic salts, such as Fe, Ca, and Mg oxalates and acetates, may be widespread radiolysis and oxidation products of organic matter in Martian surface sediments. Such organic salts are challenging to identify by evolved gas analysis but the ubiquitous CO2 and CO in pyrolysis data from the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on the Curiosity rover indirectly points to their presence. Here, we examined laboratory results from SAM‐like analyses of organic salts as pure phases, as trace phases mixed with silica, and in mixtures with Ca and Mg perchlorates. Pure oxalates evolved CO2 and CO, while pure acetates evolved CO2 and a diverse range of organic products dominated by acetone and acetic acid. Dispersal within silica caused minor peak shifting, decreased the amounts of CO2 evolved by the acetate standards, and altered the relative abundances of the organic products of acetate pyrolysis. The perchlorate salts scrubbed Fe oxalate CO releases and shifted the CO2 peaks to lower temperatures, whereas with Ca and Mg oxalate, a weaker CO release was observed but the initial CO2 evolutions were largely unchanged. The perchlorates induced a stronger CO2 release from acetates at the expense of other products. Oxalates evolved ∼47% more CO2 and acetates yielded ∼69% more CO2 when the perchlorates were abundant. The most compelling fits between our organic salt data and SAM CO2 and CO data included Martian samples acquired from modern eolian deposits and sedimentary rocks with evidence for low‐temperature alteration.
Published: 2021

27. Early-life stress impairs postnatal oligodendrogenesis and adult emotional behaviour through activity-dependent mechanisms

Author: Belmira Lara da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa, Corentin Le Magueresse, Alberto Bacci, Anne Teissier, Angela Michela De Stasi, Vidita A. Vaidya, Jimmy Olusakin, Patricia Gaspar, Yuka Imamura Kawasawa, Gaspar, Patricia, Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche - - SUPER2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0004 - IDEX - VALID, Institut du Fer à Moulin (IFM - Inserm U1270 - SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm - Paris Descartes), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiology and Pharmacology Department brazil [Recife, Brazil], Federal University of Pernambuco [Recife], Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [Hershey, PA, USA], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Institute for Personalized Medicine [Hershey, PA, USA], Department of Biological Sciences [TIFR] (DBS), Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR), The work was funded by the Labex BioPsy, the French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-11-0004-02, ANR-16-0162), the DIM Région Ile de France, and the Behaviour and Brain Foundation Young Investigator-NARSAD Grant. BAdC received a scholarship from Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Brazil. JO is the recipient of the Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris (ENP) scholarship. AT is a CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) investigator., and ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Emotions, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Prefrontal Cortex, Biology, Article, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, medicine, Animals, Premovement neuronal activity, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Receptor, Prefrontal cortex, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Molecular Biology, Cell Proliferation, 030304 developmental biology, Diminution, 0303 health sciences, Maternal deprivation, Behavior, Animal, Depression, Maternal Deprivation, Lineage markers, Oligodendrocyte differentiation, Cognition, Phenotype, Oligodendrocyte, Oligodendroglia, Psychiatry and Mental health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neuron, Neuroscience, Stress, Psychological, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Exposure to stress during early life (infancy/childhood) has long-term effects on the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and increases the risk for adult depression and anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of these effects. Here we focused on changes induced by chronic maternal separation during the first two weeks of postnatal life. Unbiased mRNA expression profiling in the medial PFC (mPFC) of maternally separated (MS) pups identified an increased expression of myelin-related genes and a decreased expression of immediate early genes. Oligodendrocyte lineage markers and birthdating experiments indicated a precocious oligodendrocyte differentiation in the mPFC at P15, leading to a depletion of the oligodendrocyte progenitor pool in MS adults. We tested the role of neuronal activity in oligodendrogenesis, using designed receptors exclusively activated by designed drugs (DREADDs) techniques. hM4Di or hM3Dq constructs were transfected into mPFC neurons using fast-acting AAV8 viruses. Reduction of mPFC neuron excitability during the first two postnatal weeks caused a premature differentiation of oligodendrocytes similar to the MS pups, while chemogenetic activation normalized it in the MS animals. Bidirectional manipulation of neuron excitability in the mPFC during the P2-P14 period had long lasting effects on adult emotional behaviours and on temporal object recognition: hM4Di mimicked MS effects, while hM3Dq prevented the pro-depressive effects and short term memory impairment of MS. Thus, our results identify neuronal activity as a critical target of early life stress and demonstrate its function in controlling both postnatal oligodendrogenesis and adult mPFC-related behaviors.
Published: 2019

28. Reactive Transport Models of Weathering

Author: Susan L. Brantley, Jacques Schott, Yves Goddéris, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Environmental chemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, Weathering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

29. Intercomparison of atmospheric trace gas dispersion models: Barnett Shale case study

Author: Anna Karion, Ariel F. Stein, K. L. Mueller, James R. Whetstone, Z. Barkley, Colm Sweeney, Wayne M. Angevine, Aijun Deng, Israel Lopez Coto, Thomas Lauvaux, Sharon Gourdji, Arlyn E. Andrews, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, and NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Methane, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), Natural gas, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, business.industry, Atmospheric methane, lcsh:QC1-999, Trace gas, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, business, Dispersion (chemistry), Oil shale, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation requires understanding the dominant processes controlling fluxes of these trace gases at increasingly finer spatial and temporal scales. Trace gas fluxes can be estimated using a variety of approaches that translate observed atmospheric species mole fractions into fluxes or emission rates, often identifying the spatial and temporal characteristics of the emission sources as well. Meteorological models are commonly combined with tracer dispersion models to estimate fluxes using an inverse approach that optimizes emissions to best fit the trace gas mole fraction observations. One way to evaluate the accuracy of atmospheric flux estimation methods is to compare results from independent methods, including approaches in which different meteorological and tracer dispersion models are used. In this work, we use a rich data set of atmospheric methane observations collected during an intensive airborne campaign to compare different methane emissions estimates from the Barnett Shale oil and natural gas production basin in Texas, USA. We estimate emissions based on a variety of different meteorological and dispersion models. Previous estimates of methane emissions from this region relied on a simple model (a mass balance analysis) as well as on ground-based measurements and statistical data analysis (an inventory). We find that in addition to meteorological model choice, the choice of tracer dispersion model also has a significant impact on the predicted downwind methane concentrations given the same emissions field. The dispersion models tested often underpredicted the observed methane enhancements with significant variability (up to a factor of 3) between different models and between different days. We examine possible causes for this result and find that the models differ in their simulation of vertical dispersion, indicating that additional work is needed to evaluate and improve vertical mixing in the tracer dispersion models commonly used in regional trace gas flux inversions.
Published: 2019

30. Estimating the state of the COVID-19 epidemic in France using a model with memory

Author: Guodong Pang, Raphaël Forien, Etienne Pardoux, Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Volterra equations, model with memory, law, 0101 mathematics, lcsh:Science, Research Articles, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, Intensive care unit, 3. Good health, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Geography, Susceptible individual, Hospital admission, Probability distribution, lcsh:Q, State (computer science), Epidemic model, Mathematics, Demography
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we use a deterministic epidemic model with memory to estimate the state of the COVID-19 epidemic in France, from early March until mid-December 2020. Our model is in the SEIR class, which means that when a susceptible individual (S) becomes infected, he/she is first exposed (E), i.e. not yet contagious. Then he/she becomes infectious (I) for a certain length of time, during which he/she may infect susceptible individuals around him/her, and finally becomes removed (R), that is, either immune or dead. The specificity of our model is that it assumes a very general probability distribution for the pair of exposed and infectious periods. The law of large numbers limit of such a model is a model with memory (the future evolution of the model depends not only upon its present state, but also upon its past). We present theoretical results linking the (unobserved) parameters of the model to various quantities which are more easily measured during the early stages of an epidemic. We then apply these results to estimate the state of the COVID-19 epidemic in France, using available information on the infection fatality ratio and on the distribution of the exposed and infectious periods. Using the hospital data published daily by Santé Publique France, we gather some information on the delay between infection and hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and hospital deaths, and on the proportion of people who have been infected up to the end of 2020.
Published: 2021

31. Gravitational redshifting of galaxies in the SPIDERS cluster catalogue

Author: R. Capasso, Chris A. Collins, Nicolas Clerc, D. P. Schneider, Nelson Padilla, K. Furnell, Alexis Finoguenov, Johan Comparat, S. Damsted, Andrea Merloni, John A. Peacock, A. Saro, C. T. Mpetha, Astrophysics Research Institute [Liverpool] (ARI), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste (INFN, Sezione di Trieste), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Università degli studi di Trieste, Instituto de Astrofisica [Santiago], Department of Physics, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Mpetha, C. T., Collins, C. A., Clerc, N., Finoguenov, A., Peacock, J. A., Comparat, J., Schneider, D., Capasso, R., Damsted, S., Furnell, K., Merloni, A., Padilla, N. D., and Saro, A.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), General relativity, galaxies clusters general, galaxies kinematics and dynamics gravitation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Gravitation, 0103 physical sciences, Brightest cluster galaxy, 10. No inequality, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, galaxies: kinematics and dynamics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Galaxy, Redshift, Radial velocity, Space and Planetary Science, gravitation, galaxies: clusters: general, Gravitational redshift, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS) are searched for a detection of the gravitational redshifting of light from $\sim\!20\,000$ galaxies in $\sim\!2500$ galaxy clusters using three definitions of the cluster centre: its Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG), the redMaPPer identified Central Galaxy (CG), or the peak of X-ray emission. Distributions of velocity offsets between galaxies and their host cluster's centre, found using observed redshifts, are created. The quantity $\hat{\Delta}$, the average of the radial velocity difference between the cluster members and the cluster systemic velocity, reveals information on the size of a combination of effects on the observed redshift, dominated by gravitational redshifting. The change of $\hat{\Delta}$ with radial distance is predicted for SPIDERS galaxies in General Relativity (GR), and $f(R)$ gravity, and compared to the observations. The values of $\hat{\Delta}=-13.5\pm4.7$ km s$^{-1}$, $\hat{\Delta}=-12.5\pm5.1$ km s$^{-1}$, and $\hat{\Delta}=-18.6\pm4.8$ km s$^{-1}$ for the BCG, X-ray and CG cases respectively broadly agree with the literature. There is no significant preference of one gravity theory over another, but all cases give a clear detection ($>2.5\sigma$) of $\hat{\Delta}$. The BCG centroid is deemed to be the most robust method in this analysis, due to no well defined central redshift when using an X-ray centroid, and CGs identified by redMaPPer with no associated spectroscopic redshift. For future gravitational redshift studies, an order of magnitude more galaxies, $\sim\!500\,000$, will be required-a possible feat with the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory, Euclid and eROSITA., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 11 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2021

32. The Atmospheric Carbon and Transport (ACT) -America Mission

Author: Caroline P. Normile, Anke Roiger, Colm Sweeney, Joshua P. DiGangi, Christopher W. O'Dell, A. Scott Denning, Christopher B. Williams, Bianca C. Baier, Amin R. Nehrir, Kevin W. Bowman, Sha Feng, Brad Weir, Sandip Pal, Andrew Schuh, Ian Baker, Yaxing Wei, Tobias Gerken, Bing Lin, Alan Fried, Michael D. Obland, Jeremy Dobler, David Baker, Klaus Keller, Thomas Lauvaux, Lesley Ott, Ming Xue, Y. Cui, Kenneth J. Davis, Z. Barkley, Edward V. Browell, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, Atmospheric carbon cycle, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trace gas, Troposphere, Altitude, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 020701 environmental engineering, Air mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Atmospheric Carbon and Transport (ACT)-America NASA Earth Venture Suborbital Mission set out to improve regional atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) inversions by exploring the intersection of the strong GHG fluxes and vigorous atmospheric transport that occurs within the midlatitudes. Two research aircraft instrumented with remote and in situ sensors to measure GHG mole fractions, associated trace gases, and atmospheric state variables collected 1,140.7 flight hours of research data, distributed across 305 individual aircraft sorties, coordinated within 121 research flight days, and spanning five 6-week seasonal flight campaigns in the central and eastern United States. Flights sampled 31 synoptic sequences, including fair-weather and frontal conditions, at altitudes ranging from the atmospheric boundary layer to the upper free troposphere. The observations were complemented with global and regional GHG flux and transport model ensembles. We found that midlatitude weather systems contain large spatial gradients in GHG mole fractions, in patterns that were consistent as a function of season and altitude. We attribute these patterns to a combination of regional terrestrial fluxes and inflow from the continental boundaries. These observations, when segregated according to altitude and air mass, provide a variety of quantitative insights into the realism of regional CO2 and CH4 fluxes and atmospheric GHG transport realizations. The ACT-America dataset and ensemble modeling methods provide benchmarks for the development of atmospheric inversion systems. As global and regional atmospheric inversions incorporate ACT-America’s findings and methods, we anticipate these systems will produce increasingly accurate and precise subcontinental GHG flux estimates.
Published: 2021

33. Seismic velocity and anisotropy of the uppermost mantle beneath Madagascar from Pn tomography

Author: Andrew A. Nyblade, Guilhem Barruol, Tsiriandrimanana Rakotondraibe, Gérard Rambolamanana, Frederik Tilmann, Fenitra Andriampenomanana, Michael E. Wysession, Raymond Durrheim, Publikationen aller GIPP-unterstützten Projekte, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Institut et Observatoire de Géophysique et Astronomie d'Antananarivo, Madagascar (IOGA), Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Freie Universität Berlin, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Organization (CTBTO), and IDC
Subjects: Seismic anisotropy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Seismic velocity, Seismic tomography, Tomography, Anisotropy, Seismology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: SUMMARY The lithosphere of Madagascar records a long series of tectonic processes. Structures initially inherited from the Pan-African Orogeny are overprinted by a series of extensional tectonic and magmatic events that began with the breakup of Gondwana and continued through to the present. Here, we present a Pn-tomography study in which Pn traveltimes are inverted to investigate the lateral variation of the seismic velocity and anisotropy within the uppermost mantle beneath Madagascar. Results show that the Pn velocities within the uppermost mantle vary by ±0.30 km s–1 about a mean of 8.10 km s–1. Low-Pn-velocity zones (8.20 km s–1) coincide with stable and less seismically active regions. The pattern of Pn anisotropy is very complex, with small-scale variations in both the amplitude and the fast-axis direction, and generally reflects the complicated tectonic history of Madagascar. Pn anisotropy and shear wave (SKS) splitting measurements show good correlations in the southern parts of Madagascar, indicating coherency in the vertical distribution of lithospheric deformation along Pan-African shear zone as well as coupling between the crust and mantle when the shear zones were active. In most other regions, discrepancies between Pn anisotropy and SKS measurements suggest that the seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle beneath Madagascar differs from the vertically integrated upper mantle anisotropy, implying a present-day vertical partitioning of the deformation. Pn anisotropy directions lack the coherent pattern expected for an incipient plate boundary within Madagascar proposed in some kinematic models of the region.
Published: 2021

34. Physical mechanisms driving the reversible aggregation of Staphylococcus aureus and response to antimicrobials

Author: Remi Dreyfus, Laura Purevdorj-Gage, Céline Burel, Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), RHODIA-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus, Science, Population, Cell, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Bacterial Adhesion, 03 medical and health sciences, Anti-Infective Agents, medicine, Extracellular, Colloids, education, Pathogen, 030304 developmental biology, Microscopy, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Bacteria, Antimicrobials, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, Biofilm, Staphylococcal Infections, Antimicrobial, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Bacterial Load, Ammonium compounds, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biofilms, Biophysics, Medicine
Abstract: Formation of non-sessile, auto-aggregated cells of Staphylococcus aureus contributes to surface colonization and biofilm formation, hence play a major role in the early establishment of infection and in tolerance to antimicrobials. Understanding the mechanism of aggregation and the impact of aggregation on the activity of antimicrobials is crucial in achieving a better control of this important pathogen. Previously linked to biological phenomena, physical interactions leading to S. aureus cellular aggregation and its protective features against antimicrobials remain unraveled. Herein, in-vitro experiments coupled with XDLVO simulations reveal that suspensions of S. aureus cells exhibit rapid, reversible aggregation (> 70%) in part controlled by the interplay between cellular hydrophobicity, surface potential and extracellular proteins. Changing pH and salt concentration in the extracellular media modulated the cellular surface potential but not the hydrophobicity which remained consistent despite these variations. A decrease in net cellular negative surface potential achieved by decreasing pH or increasing salt concentrations, caused attractive forces such as the hydrophobic and cell–protein interactions to prevail, favoring immediate aggregation. The aggregation significantly increased the tolerance of S. aureus cells to quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC). The well-dispersed cell population was completely inactivated within 30 s whereas its aggregated counterpart required more than 10 min.
Published: 2021

35. Four equivalent properties of integrable billiards

Author: Glutsyuk, Alexey, Izmestiev, Ivan, Tabachnikov, Serge, UMPA, Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (UMPA-ENSL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Mathematik [Berlin], Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU)
Subjects: Mathematics - Differential Geometry, Differential Geometry (math.DG), [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], FOS: Mathematics, Dynamical Systems (math.DS), Mathematics::Differential Geometry, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems
Abstract: By a classical result of Darboux, a foliation of a Riemannian surface has the Graves property (also known as the strong evolution property) if and only if the foliation comes from a Liouville net. A similar result of Blaschke says that a pair of orthogonal foliations has the Ivory property if and only if they form a Liouville net. Let us say that a geodesically convex curve on a Riemannian surface has the Poritsky property if it can be parametrized in such a way that all of its string diffeomorphisms are shifts with respect to this parameter. In 1950, Poritsky has shown that the only closed plane curves with this property are ellipses. In the present article we show that a curve on a Riemannian surface has the Poritsky property if and only if it is a coordinate curve of a Liouville net. We also recall Blaschke's derivation of the Liouville property from the Ivory property and his proof of Weihnacht's theorem: the only Liouville nets in the plane are nets of confocal conics and their degenerations. This suggests the following generalization of Birkhoff's conjecture: If an interior neighborhood of a closed geodesically convex curve on a Riemannian surface is foliated by billiard caustics, then the metric in the neighborhood is Liouville, and the curve is one of the coordinate lines., Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2021

36. Fossil fuel CO$_2$ emissions over metropolitan areas from space: A multi-model analysis of OCO-2 data over Lahore, Pakistan

Author: Grégoire Broquet, Dien Wu, Sha Feng, Thomas Lauvaux, Ruixue Lei, J. C. Lin, Christopher W. O'Dell, Alexandre Danjou, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), 05783-01, 80HQTR21T0070, 80NSSC19k0093, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA: 80NSSC18K1313, Battelle: DE-AC06-76RLO 1830, Ames Research Center, ARC, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL, California Institute of Technology, CIT, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, CNES: 8 0NSSC19K0196, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, R. Lei and S. Feng have been funded jointly by the NASA grants # 80NSSC18K1313 (subcontracted from the Universities Space Research Association #05783-01 to Penn State) and # 80NSSC19k0093 . S. Feng is also supported by NASA grant # 80HQTR21T0070 at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. T. Lauvaux has been supported by the French research program Make Our Planet Great Again (project CIUDAD). A. Danjou has been supported by the PhD fellowship program of Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives. G. Broquet has been supported by the French National Space Agency (CNES) as part of the TOSCA program (OCO-3 City project). D. Wu and J. Lin have been funded by the NASA grants #8 0NSSC19K0196 . C. O'Dell was funded by a subcontract with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Computing resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Quality flags, GHGs, Soil Science, Flux cross-sectional integration, Bayesian inversion, 010501 environmental sciences, X-STILT, 01 natural sciences, Computers in Earth Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Global warming, Fossil fuel, Geology, Inversion (meteorology), ODIAC, Metropolitan area, Aerosol, Trend analysis, Carbon neutrality, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Satellite, WRF-Chem, business
Abstract: International audience; Urban areas, where more than 55% of the global population gathers, contribute more than 70% of anthropogenic fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO2ff) emissions. Accurate quantification of CO2ff emissions from urban areas is of great importance for formulating global warming mitigation policies to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Satellite-based inversion techniques are unique among “top-down” approaches, potentially allowing us to track CO2ff emission changes over cities globally. However, their accuracy is still limited by incomplete background information, cloud blockages, aerosol contamination, and uncertainties in models and priori emission inventories. To evaluate the current potential of space-based quantification techniques, we present the first attempt to monitor long-term changes in CO2ff emissions based on the OCO-2 satellite measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) over a fast-growing Asian metropolitan area: Lahore, Pakistan. We first examined the OCO-2 data availability at global scale. About 17% of OCO-2 soundings over the global 70 most populated cities from 2014 to 2019 are marked as high-quality. Cloud blockage and aerosol contamination are the two main causes of data loss. As an attempt to recover additional soundings, we evaluated the effectiveness of OCO-2 quality flags at the city level by comparing three flux quantification methods (WRF-Chem, X-STILT, and the flux cross-sectional integration method). The satellite/bottom-up emissions (OCO-2/ODIAC) ratios of the high-quality tracks with reduced uncertainties in emissions are better agreed across the three methods compared to the all-data tracks. This demonstrates that OCO-2 quality flags are useful filters of low-quality OCO-2 retrievals at local scales. All three methods consistently suggested that the ratio medians are greater than 1, implying that the ODIAC slightly underestimated CO2ff emissions over Lahore. Additionally, our estimation of the a posteriori CO2ff emission trend was about 734 kt C/year (i.e., an annual 6.7% increase). 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations of the Mann-Kendall upward trend test showed that less than 10% prior uncertainty for 8 tracks (or less than 20% prior uncertainty for 25 tracks) is required to achieve a greater-than-50% trend significant possibility at a 95% confidence level. It implies that the trend is driven by the prior and not due to the assimilation of OCO-2 retrievals. The key to improving the role of satellite data in CO2 emission trend detection lies in collecting more frequent high-quality tracks near metropolitan areas to achieve significant constraints from XCO2 retrievals.
Published: 2021

37. ‘Sweet as a Nut’: Production and use of nanocapsules made of glycopolymer or polysaccharide shell

Author: Julien Bernard, Xibo Yan, Luxiao Chai, François Ganachaud, Etienne Fleury, Tianjin University (TJU), Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), RHODIA-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Glycopolymer, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Polysaccharide, 01 natural sciences, Nanocapsules, Nanomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_classification, Coacervate, Organic Chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [SDV.SP.PG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Galenic pharmacology, chemistry, Polymerization, Ceramics and Composites, Nanomedicine, Self-assembly, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Polymeric nanomaterials are deemed to unlock the potential of therapeutics and improve their efficiency, to allow future advances in nanomedicine. Among these, sugar-based nanocapsules made of synthetic or natural carbohydrate-based macromolecular chains have raised significant interest in bio-applications. This review highlights physical or/and chemical techniques to construct both water- and oil-filled sugar-based nanocapsules. These include soft matter processes, such as (double) emulsification, coacervation or layer-by layer fabrication as well as more recently developed processes such as Polymerization Induced Self Assembly (PISA) or template core removal. Properties and bio-applications of glyconanocapsules (GNCs) are summarized and open challenges as well as opportunities for the future development of this field are being discussed.
Published: 2021

38. Five-year simulation study of NASA's X-59 low-boom carpets across the contiguous United States of America

Author: Doebler, Will, Wilson, Sara, Loubeau, Alexandra, Sparrow, Victor, Structural Acoustics Branch [LaRC], NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), The Graduate Program in Acoustics, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], low-boom, X-59, simulation, climate, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; NASA's X-59 Quiet Supersonic Technology aircraft is predicted to produce a significantly quieter sonic boom than that of the Concorde or traditional N- wave-producing military aircraft. A propagation simulation study was undertaken to quantify the loudness level, exposure size, and variability of the X-59's low-boom carpet using many realistic atmospheric profiles across the contiguous United States of America. Nearfield pressure data of the X-59 in supersonic cruise from NASA's FUN3D computational fluid dynamics code was propagated from aircraft to ground using NASA's PCBoom code, which solves the augmented Burgers equation along acoustic rays. The atmospheric profiles used for propagation were taken from NOAA's Climate Forecast System Reanalysis dataset. Five years of profiles were used from July 2013 through June 2018. The X-59 nearfield was propagated through one atmospheric profile per day at 138 locations separated by approximately 200 km canvassing the contiguous USA. Carpets at each location were generated for aircraft headings in the four cardinal directions. Over 1 million X-59 carpets were generated in total. Trends in boom levels and exposure size from heading, season, geography, and climate zone are presented. These results inform regulators and mission planners on expected variations in ground boom levels and carpet extent due to atmospheric variations. Understanding potential carpet variability will be important when planning community noise surveys using the X-59 aircraft.
Published: 2020

39. Acoustic Manipulation of Dense Nanorods in Microgravity

Author: Mauricio Hoyos, Nathan Jeger-Madiot, Jean-Luc Aider, Thomas E. Mallouk, Gabriel Dumy, Xavier Benoit-Gonin, Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Langevin - Ondes et Images (UMR7587) (IL), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Hypergravity, Materials science, Mechanical equilibrium, Plane (geometry), Applied Mathematics, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Mechanics, Propulsion, Acoustic levitation, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Transverse plane, 13. Climate action, law, Modeling and Simulation, 0103 physical sciences, Levitation, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Acoustic radiation force, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Because the absence of sedimentation in zero-gravity makes the culture and the manipulation of cells or particles challenging, an attractive alternative is to use the Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) as an artificial “acoustic gravity.” To evaluate the potential of this approach we studied the behavior of dense gold nanorods under ARF during a parabolic flight campaign. Using dense objects enhances the effect of gravity on the axial position of the so-called “levitation plane,” which is the equilibrium position at which ARF balances gravity in the laboratory. Further, using elongated objects, instead of spherical particles provides information about their spatial orientations in addition to their propulsion observed in standard gravity conditions. Our experiments clearly show a different collective organization and individual behavior of the rods in micro-gravity conditions. First, the axial location of the levitation plane is different in microgravity than in hypergravity: it matches the nodal pressure plane in microgravity while it is much lower than the nodal plane in hypergravity. Our experiments also show a sharp transition from horizontal to axial orientation of the rods axis. The propulsion of the rods also stops when transitioning to micro-gravity. A possible explanation for the sudden change of orientation and stopping of propulsion is the modification of the equilibrium between the axial and transverse components of the ARF. While these experiments show that some phenomena, like the propulsion of nanorods by ARF, may not be applicable in microgravity, they do confirm that acoustic manipulation of particles or cells in microgravity is possible, which paves for the development of many useful techniques for particles or cells manipulation, like cell cultures, during long-term space travel.
Published: 2020

40. Cosmological constraints from CODEX galaxy clusters spectroscopically confirmed by SDSS-IV/SPIDERS DR16

Author: R. Capasso, Johan Comparat, Eli S. Rykoff, Esra Bulbul, C. C. Kirkpatrick, Kirpal Nandra, Nicolas Clerc, J. Ider Chitham, S. Damsted, Andrea Merloni, Donald P. Schneider, A. Kukkola, Joel R. Brownstein, Alexis Finoguenov, Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), Stanford University, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: SAMPLE, Calibration (statistics), Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, SCALING RELATIONS, 01 natural sciences, cosmological parameters -X-rays, MAXBCG, 0103 physical sciences, ROSAT, galaxies, INTRACLUSTER LIGHT, REDSHIFT 0.8, clusters, cosmological parameters, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Physics, CALIBRATION, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Halo mass function, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Sample (graphics), Space and Planetary Science, HALO MASS FUNCTION, X-rays: galaxies: clusters, Dark energy, DARK ENERGY, Baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmology, BARYON ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS
Abstract: This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 499, Issue 4, December 2020, Pages 4768–4784 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3044; International audience; This paper presents a cosmological analysis based on the properties of X-ray selected clusters of galaxies from the CODEX survey which have been spectroscopically followed up within the SPIDERS programme as part of the sixteenth data release (DR16) of SDSS-IV. The cosmological sub-sample contains a total of 691 clusters over an area of 5350 deg2 with newly measured optical properties provided by a reanalysis of the CODEX source catalogue using redMaPPer and the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (DR8). Optical richness is used as a proxy for the cluster mass, and the combination of X-ray, optical, and spectroscopic information ensures that only confirmed virialized systems are considered. Clusters are binned in observed redshift, z̃ ∈[0.1,0.6) and optical richness, λ̃ ∈[25,148) and the number of clusters in each bin is modelled as a function of cosmological and richness–mass scaling relation parameters. A high-purity sub-sample of 691 clusters is used in the analysis and best-fitting cosmological parameters are found to be Ωm0=0.34+0.09−0.05 and σ8=0.73+0.03−0.03⁠. The redshift evolution of the self-calibrated richness–mass relation is poorly constrained due to the systematic uncertainties associated with the X-ray component of the selection function (which assumes a fixed X-ray luminosity–mass relation with h = 0.7 and Ωm0=0.30⁠). Repeating the analysis with the assumption of no redshift evolution is found to improve the consistency between both cosmological and scaling relation parameters with respect to recent galaxy cluster analyses in the literature.
Published: 2020

41. Editorial: Plant-Arthropod Interactions: Effectors and Elicitors of Arthropods and Their Associated Microbes

Author: David Giron, Gary W. Felton, Akiko Sugio, Isgouhi Kaloshian, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Entomology [University Park], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California, Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, herbivore, Plant Immunity, plant, Plant Science, Insect, lcsh:Plant culture, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, arthropod, lcsh:SB1-1110, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Herbivore, elicitor, biology, Effector, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Elicitor, Editorial, effector, 030104 developmental biology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, insect, Arthropod
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

42. The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR16 luminous red galaxy and emission line galaxy samples: cosmic distance and structure growth measurements using multiple tracers in configuration space

Author: Stephanie Escoffier, John A. Peacock, Kyle S. Dawson, Shadab Alam, Cheng Zhao, Anand Raichoor, Chia-Hsun Chuang, Arnaud de Mattia, Yuting Wang, Hélion du Mas des Bourboux, Héctor Gil-Marín, Johan Comparat, Jeffrey A. Newman, Gong-Bo Zhao, Jiamin Hou, Eva Maria Mueller, Jean-Paul Kneib, Oliver H. E. Philcox, Ashley J. Ross, Kazuya Koyama, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, Sylvain de la Torre, Etienne Burtin, Graziano Rossi, Donald P. Schneider, J. Bautista, Amélie Tamone, Arman Shafieloo, Will J. Percival, Romain Paviot, National Astronomical Observatories [Beijing] (NAOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Department of Astrophysical Sciences [Princeton], Princeton University, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Center for Cosmology & AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics [Waterloo], University of Utah, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institute for Space Studies of Catalonia [Barcelona] (IEEC-CSIC), Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation [Portsmouth] (ICG), University of Portsmouth, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Sejong University, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, University of Oxford, ANR-16-CE31-0021,eBOSS,Sondes cosmologiques de la gravitation et de l'énergie noire(2016), National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, European Commission, and National Research Foundation of Korea
Subjects: redshift survey, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmological parameters, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, scale, Redshift-space distortions, 0103 physical sciences, Emission spectrum, cosmological parameters, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Large scale structure of the Universe, power-spectrum analysis, media_common, Physics, density, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, wigglez overlap region, covariance matrices, Sigma, Astronomy and Astrophysics, dependence, acoustic-oscillations, expansion rate, Galaxy, Redshift, Baryon, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, halo concentrations, Baryon acoustic oscillations, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We perform a multi-tracer analysis using the complete Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV) extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) DR16 luminous red galaxy (LRG) and the DR16 emission line galaxy (ELG) samples in the configuration space, and successfully detect a cross correlation between the two samples, and find the growth rate to be $f\sigma_8=0.342 \pm 0.085$ ($\sim25$ per cent accuracy) from the cross sample alone. We perform a joint measurement of the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) and redshift space distortion (RSD) parameters at a single effective redshift of $z_{\rm eff}= 0.77$, using the auto- and cross-correlation functions of the LRG and ELG samples, and find that the comoving angular diameter distance $D_M(z_{\rm eff})/r_d = 18.85\pm 0.38$, the Hubble distance $D_H(z_{\rm eff})/r_d = 19.64 \pm 0.57$, and $f\sigma_8(z_{\rm eff}) = 0.432 \pm 0.038$, which is consistent with a $\Lambda$CDM model at $68\%$ CL. Compared to the single-tracer analysis on the LRG sample, the Figure of Merit (FoM) of $\alpha_{\perp}, \alpha_{||}$ and $f\sigma_8$ is improved by a factor of $1.11$ in our multi-tracer analysis, and in particular, the statistical uncertainty of $f\sigma_8$ is reduced by $11.6 \%$., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables; MNRAS accepted; The BAO and RSD measurements and the covariance matrix are made available at https://github.com/ytcosmo/MultiTracerBAORSD/
Published: 2020

43. The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Large-scale structure catalogs for cosmological analysis

Author: Axel de la Macorra, Eric Jullo, Jeremy L. Tinker, J. N. McLane, Faizan G. Mohammad, Aurelio Carnero Rosell, Sylvain de la Torre, Hélion du Mas des Bourboux, Arnaud de Mattia, Peter Doohyun Choi, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, Stephanie Escoffier, Hui Kong, S. Fromenteau, Stephen Bailey, Hee-Jong Seo, Solène Chabanier, Eva-Maria Mueller, Alex Smith, Jean-Paul Kneib, Joel R. Brownstein, Gong-Bo Zhao, Richard Neveux, Jonathan Brinkmann, Irene Cruz-González, Alexandra N. Higley, Kyle S. Dawson, Yucheng Zhang, Chia-Hsun Chuang, Andrea Muñoz-Gutiérrez, John Moustakas, Etienne Burtin, Johan Comparat, Will J. Percival, Christian Nitschelm, Shadab Alam, Donald P. Schneider, Graziano Rossi, Julian E. Bautista, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Anthony R. Pullen, Cheng Zhao, Adam D. Myers, Pauline Zarrouk, Jiamin Hou, Romain Paviot, Mehdi Rezaie, Jeffrey A. Newman, Ashley J. Ross, M. Vivek, Rita Tojeiro, Mariana Vargas Magaña, Brad W. Lyke, Anand Raichoor, Héctor Gil-Marín, Dmitry Bizyaev, Center for Cosmology & AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation [Portsmouth] (ICG), University of Portsmouth, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Utah, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institute for Space Studies of Catalonia [Barcelona] (IEEC-CSIC), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Laramie], University of Wyoming (UW), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Siena College [Loudonville], Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics [Waterloo], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Ohio University - Athens (OU), Physics & Astronomy Department [Ohio University], Department of Physics [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), National Astronomical Observatories [Beijing] (NAOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), New Mexico State University, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Sejong University, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), Stanford University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Centro de Astronomia [Antofagasta] (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Center for Computational Astrophysics [New York], Flatiron Institute, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), ANR-16-CE31-0021,eBOSS,Sondes cosmologiques de la gravitation et de l'énergie noire(2016), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), European Project: 670193,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,COSFORM(2015), University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Department of Energy (US), European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), and National Research Foundation of Korea
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), reconstruction, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, spiders, galaxies, emission, 0103 physical sciences, QB Astronomy, observations [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, catalogues, power-spectrum analysis, QB, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Oscillation, Null (mathematics), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Sampling (statistics), DAS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, acoustic-oscillations, calibration, Catalogues, Galaxy, Redshift, Baryon, QC Physics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, cosmology: observations, digital sky survey, Cosmology Observations, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present large-scale structure catalogs from the completed extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). Derived from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) -IV Data Release 16 (DR16), these catalogs provide the data samples, corrected for observational systematics, and random positions sampling the survey selection function. Combined, they allow large-scale clustering measurements suitable for testing cosmological models. We describe the methods used to create these catalogs for the eBOSS DR16 Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) and Quasar samples. The quasar catalog contains 343,708 redshifts with $0.8 < z < 2.2$ over 4,808\,deg$^2$. We combine 174,816 eBOSS LRG redshifts over 4,242\,deg$^2$ in the redshift interval $0.6 < z < 1.0$ with SDSS-III BOSS LRGs in the same redshift range to produce a combined sample of 377,458 galaxy redshifts distributed over 9,493\,deg$^2$. Improved algorithms for estimating redshifts allow that 98 per cent of LRG observations result in a successful redshift, with less than one per cent catastrophic failures ($��z > 1000$ ${\rm km~s}^{-1}$). For quasars, these rates are 95 and 2 per cent (with $��z > 3000$ ${\rm km~s}^{-1}$). We apply corrections for trends between the number densities of our samples and the properties of the imaging and spectroscopic data. For example, the quasar catalog obtains a $��^2$/DoF$= 776/10$ for a null test against imaging depth before corrections and a $��^2$/DoF$=6/8$ after. The catalogs, combined with careful consideration of the details of their construction found here-in, allow companion papers to present cosmological results with negligible impact from observational systematic uncertainties., Matches version accepted by MNRAS, very minor changes. A summary of all SDSS BAO and RSD measurements with accompanying legacy figures can be found here: https://www.sdss.org/science/final-bao-and-rsd-measurements/ . The full cosmological interpretation of these measurements can be found here: https://sdss.org/science/cosmology-results-from-eboss/
Published: 2020

44. Outbreaking forest insect drives phase synchrony among sympatric folivores: Exploring potential mechanisms

Author: Andrew M. Liebhold, Christer Björkman, Maartje J. Klapwijk, Ottar N. Bjørnstad, Alain Roques, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Entomology [University Park], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Zeiraphera griseana, Lepidoptera genitalia, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, population dynamics, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, education.field_of_study, biology, outbreak, Ecology, trophic, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, interspecific synchrony, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Sawfly, Sympatric speciation, Epirrita, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, folivore
Abstract: International audience; We explore a common feature of insect population dynamics, interspecific synchrony, which refers to synchrony in population dynamics among sympatric populations of different species. Such synchrony can arise via several possible mechanisms, including shared environmental effects and shared trophic interactions, but distinguishing the relative importance among different mechanisms can be challenging. We analyze interannual time series of population densities of the larch budmoth,Zeiraphera griseana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), along with six sympatric larch-feeding folivores from a site in the European Alps 1952-1979. These species include five lepidopterans,Exapate duratella,Ptycholomoides aeriferana,Spilonota laricana,Epirrita autumnataandTeleiodes saltuum, and one hymenopteran sawflyPristiphora laricis. We document that the highly regular oscillatory behavior (period 9-10 years) ofZ.griseanapopulations is similarly evident in the dynamics of most of the sympatric folivores. We also find that all of the sympatric species are phase synchronized withZ.griseanapopulations with half of the sympatric species exhibiting nonlagged phase synchrony and three of the species exhibiting 2-5 year lags behindZ.griseanapopulations. We adapt a previously developed tritrophic model ofZ.griseanadynamics to explore possible mechanisms responsible for observed phase synchronization. Results suggest that either shared stochastic influences (e.g., weather) or shared parasitoid impacts are likely causes of nonlagged phase synchronization. The model further indicates that observed patterns of lagged phase synchronization are most likely caused by either shared delayed induced host plant defenses or direct density-dependent effects shared withZ.griseana.
Published: 2020

45. Spectral evidence for substrate availability rather than environmental control of methane emissions from a coastal forested wetland

Author: Jean-Christophe Domec, Asko Noormets, Kevan J. Minick, Ge Sun, Prajaya Prajapati, John S. King, Steve McNulty, Guofang Miao, Bhaskar Mitra, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources (North Carolina State University), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Texas A&M University [College Station], Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], and University of Michigan System
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water table, Cross-scale analysis, Growing season, Wetland, Wavelet analysis, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Swamp, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Transpiration, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Forestry, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Substrate (marine biology), Water table depth, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plant transportation, Environmental science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Methane, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Knowledge of the dynamics of methane (CH4) fluxes across coastal freshwater forested wetlands, such as those found in the southeastern US remains limited. In the current study, we look at the spectral properties of ecosystem net CH4 exchange (NEECH4) time series, and its cospectral behavior with key environmental conditions (temperature (Ts5), water table (WTD) and atmospheric pressure (Pa)) and physiological fluxes (photosynthesis (GPP), transpiration (LE), sap flux (Js)) using data from a natural bottomland hardwood swamp in eastern North Carolina. NEECH4 fluxes were measured over five years (2012 – 2016) that included both wet and dry years. During the growing season, strong cospectral peaks at diurnal scale were detected between CH4 efflux and GPP, LE and Js. This suggests that the well understood diurnal cycles in the latter processes may affect CH4 production through substrate availability (GPP) and transport (sap flow and LE). The causality between different time series was established by the magnitude and consistency of phase shifts. The causal effect of Ts5 and Pa were ruled out because despite cospectral peaks with CH4, their phase relationships were inconsistent. The effect of fluctuations in WTD on CH4 efflux at synoptic scale lacked clear indications of causality, possibly due to time lags and hysteresis. The stronger cospectral peak with ecosystem scale LE rather than Js suggested that the evaporative component of LE contributed equally with plant transpiration. Hence, we conclude that while the emission of dissolved gases through plants likely takes place, it may not contribute to higher CH4 emissions as has been proposed by aerenchymatous gas transport in sedge wetlands. These findings can inform future model development by (i) highlighting the coupling between vegetation processes and CH4 emissions, and (ii) identifying specific and non-overlapping timescales for different driving factors.
Published: 2020

46. Policy-Relevant Assessment of Urban CO 2 Emissions

Author: Jonathan A. Wang, Brian J. Nathan, Kevin R. Gurney, Natasha L. Miles, Kenneth J. Davis, Thomas Lauvaux, Aijun Deng, Jocelyn Turnbull, Scott J. Richardson, Tomohiro Oda, Lucy R. Hutyra, PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Boston University [Boston] (BU), GNS Science, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), and University of California
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, business.industry, Fossil fuel, General Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Degree (temperature), chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, 11. Sustainability, Carbon dioxide, Trajectory, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, business, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Global fossil fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO 2) emissions will be dictated to a great degree by the trajectory of emissions from urban areas. Conventional methods to quantify urban FFCO 2 emissions typically rely on self-reported economic/energy activity data transformed into emissions via standard emission factors. However, uncertainties in these traditional methods pose a roadblock to implementation of effective mitigation strategies, independently monitor long-term trends, and assess policy outcomes. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of the integration of a dense network of greenhouse gas sensors with a science-driven building and street-scale FFCO 2 emissions estimation through the atmospheric CO 2 inversion process. Whole-city FFCO 2 emissions agree within 3% annually. Current self-reported inventory emissions for the city of Indianapolis are 35% lower than our optimal estimate, with significant differences across activity sectors. Differences remain, however, regarding the spatial distribution of sectoral FFCO 2 emissions, underconstrained despite the inclusion of coemitted species information.
Published: 2020

47. Clarifying the taxonomy of the causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce through a polyphasic approach reveals that Xanthomonas cynarae Trébaol et al. 2000 emend. Timilsina et al. 2019 is a later heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas hortorum Vauterin et al. 1995

Author: Perrine Portier, Xavier Nesme, Marion Fischer-Le Saux, Céline Lavire, Emma R. Rosenthal, Franck Bertolla, Alexandre Burlet, Lucas Morinière, Carolee T. Bull, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station expérimentale Rhône-Alpes et Information Légumière, SERAIL, Department of Plant pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), L. Morinière was funded by a grant from the French Ministry ofHigher Education, Research and Innovation. The Rhône Alpes rural development program and funded bythe Rhône-Alpes region and FEADER program from the EU, and USDA National Institute of Food and Federal Appropriations and the California Leafy Greens Research Program and the California Department of Food and Agriculture.
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Xanthomonas, Pathovar vitians, Xanthomonas hortorum, Xanthomonas cynarae, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Terminology as Topic, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Botany, Leaf spot, Phylogenomic, Overall genome relatedness indices, Bacterial leaf spot of lettuce, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Genes, Essential, biology, 030306 microbiology, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Lettuce, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Xanthomonas campestris, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Phenotype, Taxonomy (biology), Genome, Bacterial
Abstract: International audience; Assessment of the taxonomy and diversity of Xanthomonas strains causing bacterial leaf spot of lettuce(BLSL), commonly referred to as Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, has been a long-lasting issue whichheld back the global efforts made to understand this pathogen. In order to provide a sound basis essentialto its study, we conducted a polyphasic approach on strains obtained through sampling campaigns oracquired from collections. Results of a multilocus sequence analysis crossed with phenotypic assaysrevealed that the pathotype strain does not match the description of the nomenspecies provided byBrown in 1918. However, strain LMG 938 = CFBP 8686 does fit this description. Therefore, we proposethat it replaces LMG 937 = CFBP 2538 as pathotype strain of X. campestris pv. vitians.Then, whole-genome based phylogenies and overall genome relatedness indices calculated on taxo-nomically relevant strains exhibited the intermediate position of X. campestris pv. vitians between closelyrelated species Xanthomonas hortorum and Xanthomonas cynarae. Phenotypic profiles characterized usingBiolog microplates did not reveal stable diagnostic traits legitimizing their distinction. Therefore, we pro-pose that X. cynarae Trébaol et al. 2000 emend. Timilsina et al. 2019 is a later heterotypic synonym ofX. hortorum, to reclassify X. campestris pv. vitians as X. hortorum pv. vitians comb. nov. and to transferX. cynarae pathovars in X. hortorum as X. hortorum pv. cynarae comb. nov. and X. hortorum pv. gardnericomb. nov. An emended description of X. hortorum is provided, making this extended species a promisingmodel for the study of Xanthomonas quick adaptation to different hosts
Published: 2020

48. Confronting Racism in Chemistry Journals

Author: Anne B. McCoy, Lynne S. Taylor, James Milne, Cynthia J. Burrows, David Kaplan, Shu Wang, Hyun Jae Kim, Sébastien Lecommandoux, Thomas Hofmann, Shane A. Snyder, Courtney C. Aldrich, Gunda I. Georg, Phillip E. Savage, Gustavo E. Scuseria, Wonyong Choi, Martin T. Zanni, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Peter Stang, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Kenneth M. Merz, Shana J. Sturla, Joseph A. Loo, Jonathan W. Steed, T. Randall Lee, Christopher W. Jones, Daniel T. Kulp, Hongwei Wu, William L. Jorgensen, Julia Laskin, Prashant V. Kamat, Gregory Scholes, David T. Allen, Krishna N. Ganesh, Erick M. Carreira, Gerald J. Meyer, Alanna Schepartz, Deqing Zhang, Vincent M. Rotello, Jiaxing Huang, John R. Yates, Sharon Hammes-Schiffer, Paul J. Chirik, William B. Tolman, Kirk S. Schanze, Jillian M. Buriak, Christopher A. Voigt, J. Justin Gooding, Bryan W. Brooks, Dennis C. Liotta, Julie B. Zimmerman, M. G. Finn, Joan-Emma Shea, Joan F. Brennecke, Craig W. Lindsley, Gilbert C. Walker, Mary Beth Mulcahy, Laura L. Kiessling, Thomas A. Holme, Philip Proteau, Gregory V. Hartland, Joel D. Blum, Stuart J. Rowan, Scott J. Miller, Harry A. Atwater, Shaomeng Wang, Bin Liu, Kai Rossen, Sarah B. Tegen, Teri W. Odom, Marc A. Hillmyer, Paul S. Weiss, Jodie L. Lutkenhaus, University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], Northwestern University [Evanston], Beijing Normal University (BNU), Yonsei University, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Chemistry [University of Houston], University of Houston, Texas A&M University [College Station], Tufts University [Medford], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sandia National Laboratories [Albuquerque] (SNL), Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Vanderbilt University [Nashville], University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, University of Chicago, National University of Singapore Faculty of Engineering: Singapore, SG, Department of Chemistry [Emory], Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCLA, Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Team 3 LCPO : Polymer Self-Assembly & Life Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Yale University [New Haven], University of Alberta, Edmonton, Duke University [Durham], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Baylor University, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Iowa State University (ISU), Rice University [Houston], Oregon State University (OSU), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Department of Chemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Anthropology [University of Minnesota], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Lundbeck SAS, Department of Chemistry [Princeton], Princeton University, Chemistry and Biochemistry [Santa Barbara] (CCS-UCSB), College of Creative Studies [Santa-Barbara] (CCS-UCSB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California-University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), The Ohio State University, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (UCLA), ACS Publications, and American Chemical Society
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Polymers and Plastics, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Commit, Toxicology, Equity and Inclusion, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Racism, Analytical Chemistry, lcsh:Chemistry, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Discovery, Electrochemistry, Pharmacology (medical), 10. No inequality, Waste Management and Disposal, Spectroscopy, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, 0303 health sciences, 010304 chemical physics, Publications, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Surfaces and Interfaces, Art, General Medicine, Public relations, 16. Peace & justice, Pollution, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Editorial, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Publishing, Workforce, Periodicals as Topic, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, Editorial Policies, Inclusion (disability rights), Science, media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, Biomedical Engineering, Library science, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Bioengineering, Library and Information Sciences, Violence, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Education, Inorganic Chemistry, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Political science, Humans, Chemistry (relationship), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Theology, Pharmacology, Chemical Health and Safety, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 010405 organic chemistry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Mechanical Engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, Environmental ethics, Materials Engineering, United States, 0104 chemical sciences, Black or African American, 030104 developmental biology, Complementary and alternative medicine, Space and Planetary Science, Gender balance, 0503 education, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diversity (politics), 0301 basic medicine, Atmospheric Science, Physiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, General Physics and Astronomy, Pharmaceutical Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Structural Biology, Materials Chemistry, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), General Materials Science, Instrumentation, Ecology, Chemistry, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, General Engineering, 050301 education, Chemical Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Viewpoints, Solidarity, Computer Science Applications, Infectious Diseases, Fuel Technology, General Energy, Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology, Chemistry journals, Materials science, Cognitive Neuroscience, 0206 medical engineering, MEDLINE, 010402 general chemistry, Catalysis, Bias, 020401 chemical engineering, 010608 biotechnology, 0103 physical sciences, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0204 chemical engineering, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Organic Chemistry, General Chemistry, Cell Biology, 020601 biomedical engineering, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Chemical Sciences, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The following joint Editorial was originally published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10979). We confront the terrible reality that systemic racism and discrimination impacts the daily personal and professional lives of many members of the scientific community and broader society. In the U.S., the brutal killing of George Floyd while in police custody is one of the most recent examples of the centuries of systemic violence suffered by Black Americans. This moment and its aftermath lay bare the legacies of racism and its exclusionary practices. Let us be clear: we, the Editors, Staff, and Governance Members of ACS Publications condemn the tragic deaths of Black people and stand in solidarity with Black members of the science and engineering community. Moreover, ACS condemns racism, discrimination, and harassment in all forms. We will not tolerate practices and viewpoints that exclude or demean any member of our community. Despite these good intentions, we recognize that our community has not done enough to provide an environment for Black chemists to thrive. Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson, Chairwoman of the U.S. House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology said, “So far, we have gotten by with a STEM workforce that does not come close to representing the diversity of our nation. However, if we continue to leave behind so much of our nation’s brainpower, we cannot succeed.”(1) Indeed, the U.S. National Science Foundation notes that Blacks and other under-represented minority groups continue to be under-represented in science and engineering education and employment.(2) What is abundantly clear in this moment is that this lack of representation is a symptom of systemic racism across all levels of education and professional life. We know that supportive words are not enough. We must develop and implement a concrete plan for changing our trajectory. Publications and citations are academic currency, and while we like to think publishing a manuscript is “just about the science”, we know that is not true for everyone. We have seen the biases (largely through the lens of gender and in Western countries because of the limitations in bibliometric analyses) and applaud our colleagues at the RSC for their massive study that explored these gender barriers in the publishing pipeline(3) and their recent Inclusion and Diversity Framework.(4) At the present time, unfortunately, less is known about the effects of race and ethnicity on publishing success. A study published in PeerJ, however, found that unprofessional reviewer comments had a disproportionate effect on authors from under-represented groups.(5) As the world’s leading society publisher, we have a responsibility to aggressively combat bias in all aspects of the publishing process, including systemic under-representation of Blacks in this endeavor (no ACS journal is currently led by a Black Editor-in-Chief). Within ACS Publications, we actively track gender and geographic diversity of editors, advisors, authors, and reviewers, and we anecdotally report on race of editors. Diversity encompasses many more dimensions than these, and we acknowledge that we can do much more than we have. We affirm that diversity and inclusion strengthen the research community and its impact, and we are committed to developing, implementing, tracking, and reporting on our progress to ensure that our editors, advisors, reviewers, and authors are more diverse and that all authors receive the same fair treatment and opportunity to publish in our journals. We acknowledge that we do not have all the answers now, but we seek to hear from and listen to our community on how we can improve our journals to be more diverse and inclusive. As first steps, we commit to the taking the following actions: Gathering and making public our baseline statistics on diversity within our journals, encompassing our editors, advisors, reviewers, and authors; annually reporting on progress Training new and existing editors to recognize and interrupt bias in peer review Including diversity of journal contributors as an explicit measurement of Editor-in-Chief performance Appointing an ombudsperson to serve as a liaison between Editors and our Community Developing an actionable diversity plan for each ACS journal These are only initial plans and the start of a conversation: other ideas are beginning to germinate, and we commit to sharing them with you regularly. We invite you contribute your ideas on how we can do better via our Axial website. We are listening carefully. We encourage you to take immediate action in your own circles. In a recent editorial, JACS Associate Editor Melanie Sanford(6) offered practical steps to take now. Take a moment to find out more about these actions and how to bring them into your work and your life. We all have a responsibility to eradicate racism and discrimination in the science and engineering community; indeed, to make a real difference, we need to be antiracist. The tragic events we have seen in the Black community provide great urgency to this goal. The work will be difficult and will force us to confront hard realities about our beliefs and actions. We fully expect that you, and everyone in the community, will hold us accountable.
Published: 2020

49. Computational and Crystallographic Examination of Naphthoquinone Based Diarylethene Photochromes

Author: William R. Quigley, Martial Boggio-Pasqua, Dinesh G. Patel, Ian M. Walton, Travis Mitchell, Frank A. Novak, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Photochimie théorique et computationnelle (LCPQ) (PTC), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Department of Chemistry, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse)
Subjects: Materials science, Light, Absorption spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Rays, Molecular Conformation, Pharmaceutical Science, Crystallography, X-Ray, 010402 general chemistry, Ring (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, Article, Analytical Chemistry, lcsh:QD241-441, chemistry.chemical_compound, Photochromism, Computational Chemistry, Diarylethene, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Drug Discovery, Thermal stability, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TD-DFT computations, quinones, Molecular Structure, 010405 organic chemistry, Aryl, TD–DFT computations, Organic Chemistry, Ethylenes, Photochemical Processes, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Quinone, diarylethenes, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Crystallography, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Molecular Medicine, Density functional theory, photochromes, Naphthoquinones
Abstract: Photochromic compounds have a lengthy history of study and a profusion of applications that stand to gain from these studies. Among the classes of photochromic compounds, diarylethenes show desirable properties including high fatigue resistance and thermal stability, thus meeting some of the most important criteria necessary to enter the realm of practical applications. Recently, photochromic diarylethenes containing quinone functionalities have demonstrated interesting optical and solid-state properties. When properly interfaced with suitable electron withdrawing groups on the aryl component, both the ring-opening and ring-closing reactions can be achieved with visible light, this is in contrast to most other diarylethenes where UV light is required for ring closure. Unfortunately, quantitative conversion from open to closed forms is not possible. In this work, we examine the relative energies of conformations of solid-state structures observed by X-ray crystallography and evaluate their thermal stabilities based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Time-dependent DFT (TD&ndash, DFT) is used to model the UV-vis absorption spectra of these quinone diarylethenes. We show that spectral overlap between open and closed forms is a major hindrance to full photoconversion.
Published: 2020

50. Probing the hydrothermal system of the Chicxulub impact crater

Author: Catalina Gebhardt, Kosei E. Yamaguchi, Jérôme Gattacceca, Christopher M. Lowery, Martin Schmieder, Michael H. Poelchau, Johanna Lofi, Ludovic Ferrière, Axel Wittmann, S. Green, M. Rebolledo-Vieyra, Auriol S. P. Rae, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Honami Sato, Ligia Pérez-Cruz, Annemarie E. Pickersgill, Fred J. Longstaffe, David A. Kring, Jan Smit, Rubén Ocampo-Torres, Joanna Morgan, Gail L. Christeson, Christina M. Verhagen, Sean P. S. Gulick, Timothy J. Bralower, Charles S. Cockell, Elise Chenot, Kazuhisa Goto, Ulrich Riller, Long Xiao, Sonia M. Tikoo, Michael T. Whalen, Naotaka Tomioka, Heather L. Jones, S. L. Simpson, Gordon R. Osinski, Marco J. L. Coolen, Cornelia Rasmussen, Philippe Claeys, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, Chemistry, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation (Fraunhofer IOSB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Universität Hamburg (UHH), Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration [London, ON] (CPSX), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, DGS, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Imperial College London, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University [Sendai], British Geological Survey [Edinburgh], British Geological Survey (BGS), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Penn State Department of Geosciences, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Geology and Geochemistry, and gattacceca, jerome
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES, BOREHOLE YAXCOPOIL-1, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, HIGH-PRESSURE POLYMORPH, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Impact crater, Caldera, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Seabed, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Science & Technology, RUTILE, hydrothermal system, Scientific drilling, DRILL CORE, SciAdv r-articles, MELT ROCK, Crust, Geology, YUCATAN, International Ocean Discovery Program, impact crater, Cretaceous, EAST PACIFIC RISE, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Chicxulub, 13. Climate action, Science & Technology - Other Topics, CRUST, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Planetary Science, SEDIMENTS, Research Article
Abstract: The Chicxulub impact event generated a long-duration hydrothermal system suitable for microbial life., The ~180-km-diameter Chicxulub peak-ring crater and ~240-km multiring basin, produced by the impact that terminated the Cretaceous, is the largest remaining intact impact basin on Earth. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364 drilled to a depth of 1335 m below the sea floor into the peak ring, providing a unique opportunity to study the thermal and chemical modification of Earth’s crust caused by the impact. The recovered core shows the crater hosted a spatially extensive hydrothermal system that chemically and mineralogically modified ~1.4 × 105 km3 of Earth’s crust, a volume more than nine times that of the Yellowstone Caldera system. Initially, high temperatures of 300° to 400°C and an independent geomagnetic polarity clock indicate the hydrothermal system was long lived, in excess of 106 years.
Published: 2020

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