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AIM: To introduce the indicators Clarc of energy distribution (CED) and Clarc of protein/amino acid transformation (CPT) and adapt the methodology for their calculation in aquaculture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 50-day experiment was carried out with juvenile carp fish (C. carpio L.) reared in net cages. The following characteristics were reported: fodder (nutritional) coefficient, digestible energy, and crude protein intake per unit of weight gain, percentage of the boneless fillet, the chemical composition of the fillet. The methodology for calculating the respective Clarcs was described. RESULTS: The following values of the newly introduced indicators were established: Clarc of energy distribution (CED) -- 0.0866 (8.66%); Clarc of protein transformation (CPT) -- 0.1052 (10.52%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A methodology to account for transformation of metabolizable energy and crude protein in compound feed for laying hens to energy and protein in egg melange (albumen and egg yolk) has been developed. The introduction of Clarc of metabolizable energy transformation and Clarc of crude protein distribution could help to more exactly account of net utilization of nutrients in the eco-technical feed chain. "Clarc" is the ratio of the nutrients studied between primary (feed) and secondary level (animal products, edible by humans). For their establishing, original formulas have been used. They could be used in at least three important areas - ecological (bio-transformation); selectional (development of objective selection criteria and indices) and technological (as indicators to improve the feeding and housing technologies). In the scientific experiment the following values of energy and protein transformation in experiments with laying hens from Lohman Brown Klassik hybrid are observed: Clarc of metabolizable energy transformation (fodder-egg melange) - 0.2313 (23.13%); Clark of crude protein distribution (fodder-egg melange) - 0.2096 (20.96%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Introducing a system for recording of the productive effect of energy and protein by their transformation into lamb/kids/small ruminant's meat. METHODS: The results were obtained in experiment with a 6 male Kalofer longhaired goat kids, slaughtered immediately at weaning at 90 days of age, without a period of intense fattening after weaning (so-called "milky kids"). The kids were rearing in traditional conditions in the real production system. RESULTS: Clarc of energy distribution - CPT (net energy fodder - gross energy meat) - 0.5871 (58.71%) and Clarc of protein transformation - CPT (protein digestible in the intestine fodder - crude protein meat) - 0.1958 (19.58%) have been calculated. CONCLUSIONS: The Clarc of energy distribution and Clarc of protein transformation are indexes for objective calculation of the energy and nutrient transformation between the preliminary and secondary parts of the eco-technical chain "fodder-edible parts of lambs/kids meat". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, civil engineering makes high demands on numeral modelling in geotechnical engineering, notably, to ensure reliability of a structure at minimum cost. Using of codes and standards supported with numerical calculations and soil constitutive models makes the design satisfying this requirement possible. But no matter how complex the model is its fidelity depends on input data. The article describes a method for determining the main characteristics of the Hardening Soil model (including calculating the power parameter m and reducing the deformation characteristics of the soil to the recommended value of the reference pressure). A comparison of two approaches was made: using a table of physical and mechanical characteristics; and the approach based on the analysis of the results of laboratory tests in accordance with the methodology given in the article and further verification of the obtained parameters. The result of the comparison was the complete inconsistency of the first approach for assigning the parameters of the nonlinear soil model and the need to refer to the test protocols was confirmed.

Background: Betula pendula is widespread in Europe and Asia. It has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times. Birch leaf extracts are known to exhibit a number of pharmacological activities. Antioxidant activity has also been reported.

TALE (three amino acids loop extension) homeodomain transcription factors are required in various steps of embryo development, in many adult physiological functions, and are involved in important pathologies. This review focuses on the PREP, MEIS, and PBX sub-families of TALE factors and aims at giving information on their biochemical properties, i.e., structure, interactors, and interaction surfaces. Members of the three sets of protein form dimers in which the common partner is PBX but they can also directly interact with other proteins forming higher-order complexes, in particular HOX. Finally, recent advances in determining the genome-wide DNA-binding sites of PREP1, MEIS1, and PBX1, and their partial correspondence with the binding sites of some HOX proteins, are reviewed. These studies have generated a few general rules that can be applied to all members of the three gene families. PREP and MEIS recognize slightly different consensus sequences: PREP prefers to bind to promoters and to have PBX as a DNA-binding partner; MEIS prefers HOX as partner, and both PREP and MEIS drive PBX to their own binding sites. This outlines the clear individuality of the PREP and MEIS proteins, the former mostly devoted to basic cellular functions, the latter more to developmental functions. Developmental Dynamics 243:59-75, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]