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Background & Aims: We aim to capture the economic impact of a potential cure for chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) in three countries (USA, China and Australia) with different health systems and epidemics to estimate the threshold drug prices below which a CHB cure would be cost‐saving and/or highly cost‐effective. Methods: We simulated patients' hepatitis B progression, under three scenarios: current long‐term suppressive antiviral therapy, functional cure defined as sustained undetectable HBsAg and HBV DNA, and partial cure defined as sustained undetectable HBV DNA only after a finite, 48‐week treatment. Results: Compared with current long‐term antiviral therapy, a 30% effective functional cure among patients with and without cirrhosis in the USA, China and Australia would yield 17.50, 17.32 and 20.42 QALYs per patient, and 20.61, 20.42 and 20.62 QALYs per patient respectively. In financial terms, for CHB patients with and without cirrhosis, this would be cost‐saving at a one‐time treatment cost under US$11 944 and US$6694, respectively, in the USA, US$1744 and US$1001 in China, and US$12 063 and US$10 983 in Australia. Conclusion: We show that in purely economic terms, a CHB cure will be highly cost‐effective even if effective in only 30% of treated patients. The threshold price for cure is largely determined by the current antiviral drug costs, since it will replace a daily antiviral pill that is inexpensive and effective, although not curative. The likely need for combination therapies to achieve cure will also present cost challenges. While cost‐effectiveness is important, it cannot be the only consideration, as cure will provide many benefits in addition to reduced liver disease and HCC, including eliminating the need for a long‐term daily pill and reducing stigma often associated with chronic viral infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objective Method Results Conclusion There is currently no staging system for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) that is adapted to decision‐making and universally used. Experts have unconscious ability to simplify the heterogeneity of clinical situations into a few relevant groups to drive their therapeutic decisions. Therefore, we have used unsupervised clustering of real cases by experts to generate an operational classification of cSCCs, an approach that was successful for basal cell carcinomas.To generate a consensual and operational classification of cSCCs.Unsupervised independent clustering of 248 cases of cSCCs considered difficult‐to‐treat. Eighteen international experts from different specialties classified these cases into what they considered homogeneous clusters useful for management, each with freedom regarding clustering criteria. Convergences and divergences between clustering were analysed using a similarity matrix, the K‐mean approach and the average silhouette method. Mathematical modelling was used to look for the best consensual clustering. The operability of the derived classification was validated on 23 new practitioners.Despite the high heterogeneity of the clinical cases, a mathematical consensus was observed. It was best represented by a partition into five clusters, which appeared a posteriori to describe different clinical scenarios. Applicability of this classification was shown by a good concordance (94%) in the allocation of cases between the new practitioners and the 18 experts. An additional group of easy‐to‐treat cSCC was included, resulting in a six‐group final classification: easy‐to‐treat/complex to treat due to tumour and/or patient characteristics/multiple/locally advanced/regional disease/visceral metastases.Given the methodology based on the convergence of unguided intuitive clustering of cases by experts, this new classification is relevant for clinical practice. It does not compete with staging systems, but they may complement each other, whether the objective is to select the best therapeutic approach in tumour boards or to design homogeneous groups for trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conservative techniques have been developed in the field of rhinoplasty, focusing on limited tissue resection while emphasizing the reshaping of nasal structural elements., Objectives: We aimed to prospectively evaluate aesthetic and functional outcomes following Video-Assisted Rhino-Septoplasty (VARS) using validated tools., Methods: Patients' self-reported outcomes were assessed before and 6 months after surgery. Aesthetic evaluations used FACE-Q Rhinoplasty modules (FQRM) Satisfaction with Nose and Nostrils. Functional evaluations were performed with NOSE scores. T-tests were used to determine the significance of the change in scores before and after surgery. p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: Fifty patients were included (sex ratio = 0.16, mean age = 30 y.o., 78% primary cases). All patients had associated septoplasties, and 32 had inferior turbinate reductions. Mean FQRM Nose scores were 28.1 ± 16.3 before vs. 83.4 ± 17.2/100 after surgery. Mean FQRM Nostrils scores were 61.5 ± 28.6 before vs. 85 ± 21/100 after surgery. Mean NOSE scores were 49.5 ± 36.3 before vs. 14.8 ± 16.6/100 after surgery. All p <0.001. We found no correlation between FQRM Nose and NOSE scores after surgery (ρ = -0.1553, IC95% (-0.41;0.12), p = 0.28)., Conclusion: Our study showed that VARS is an effective technique, yielding high patient satisfaction in both aesthetic and functional outcomes., Level of Evidence Ii: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Introduction: Undifferentiated small round-cell sarcomas with BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) alterations, such as an internal tandem duplication (ITD) within exon 15, are typically described as a pediatric group of Ewing-like small round-cell sarcomas., Case Presentation: In contrast to this notion, we report the case of a 71-year-old woman with a nasosinusal sarcoma featuring a BCOR ITD. To the best of our knowledge, this presence had not been previously documented in a sarcoma of the nasal and sinus cavities in an elderly patient. The identified duplication shares a similar minimal critical region as described in clear-cell sarcomas of the kidney in children. This alteration, located within the PCGF1 binding domain, is believed to disrupt the activity of PRC1.1., Conclusion: This case underscores the need for in-depth research into the molecular biology of these rare tumors and explores potential alternative treatment options. The patient achieved remission after two cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, highlighting the promise of potential therapeutic options for BCOR ITD sarcomas., (© 2024 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Objective: Our objective was to specify the indications and duration of effectiveness of Awake Patient Polyp Surgery (APPS) in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP). Secondary objectives were to evaluate complications and Patient-Reported Experience (PREMs) and Outcome Measures (PROMs)., Methods: We collected information regarding sex, age, comorbidities and treatments. Duration of effectiveness was the duration of non-recurrence defined by the time between APPS and a new treatment. Nasal Polyp Score (NPS) and Visual Analogic Scales (VAS, from 0/10 to 10/10) for nasal obstruction and olfactory disorders were assessed preoperatively and one month after surgery. PREMs were evaluated using a new tool: the APPS score., Results: Seventy-five patients were enrolled (SR = 3.1, mean age = 60.9 ± 12.3 years). 60% of patients had a previous history of sinus surgery, 90% had stage 4 NPS and more than 60% had overuse of systemic corticosteroids. Mean time of non-recurrence was 31.3 ± 2.3 months. We found a significant improvement (all p < 0.001) for NPS (3.8 ± 0.4 vs 1.5 ± 0.6), VAS obstruction (9.5 ± 1.6 vs 0.9 ± 1.7) and VAS olfactory disorders (4.9 ± 0.2 vs 3.8 ± 1.7). Mean APPS score was 46.3 ± 5.5/50., Conclusions: APPS is a safe and efficient procedure in the management of CRSwNP., (Copyright © 2023 Società Italiana di Otorinolaringoiatria e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale, Rome, Italy.)

Background: Few studies have focused on assessing patient satisfaction after non-surgical rhinoplasty using hyaluronic acid (HA). The main objective of this study was to perform a systematic review assessing patient satisfaction after non-surgical rhinoplasty using HA., Methods: We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA model. All articles assessing patient satisfaction using self-questionnaires or scales (visual analogic scales, Likert scale) after non-surgical rhinoplasty were included. We also analyzed injection protocols and complications. The criteria for considering studies for the review were based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, timing and setting (PICOTS) framework., Results: A total of 674 patients were included in eight studies. Mean age was 29.5 years old (min = 19, max = 67, sex ratio = 0.20). Rates of "satisfied" or "very satisfied" patients were 100% immediately after injection (n = 404/404 patients), 98.2% in the weeks following injection (n = 628/639 patients), 84.7% 3 months after injection (n = 333/393 patients) and 96.4% one year after injection (n = 60/62 patients). Duration of HA effectiveness ranged between 8 and 14 months. One local infection (0.001%) but no skin necrosis and no blindness were reported. Most of authors used less than 1 mL of HA per procedure., Conclusions: Provided precautions for use and indications are observed, and presuming good anatomical knowledge, non-surgical rhinoplasty is an interesting procedure associated with high satisfaction rates., Level of Evidence Iii: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., (© 2021. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Purpose: Most questionnaires designed to evaluate patient-reported outcomes regarding scarring are available in English. The objective was to generate a validated French version of the SCAR-Q questionnaire., Methods: The SCAR-Q questionnaire (including Appearance, Symptom and Psychological impact scales) was translated into French using a translation-back-translation process in accordance with international guidelines (ISPOR and WHO). For validation, two hundred patients consulting in our tertiary center completed the questionnaire. We tested scale reliability (Cronbach's α), floor/ceiling effects and item redundancy (inter-item correlations). Structural validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the robust weighted least squares (WLSMV) estimator and Delta parameterization. Model fit was examined using the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the comparative fit index (CFI) and the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI). Correlations between scales and scale repeatability were tested (Spearman coefficient, Intra-class-coefficient)., Results: Four steps were required to obtain a translation consistent with the original version. Two hundred patients completed the questionnaire for validation. Internal consistency analysis found Cronbach's alphas > 0.7 for all scales (0.90 < α < 0.97). No floor or ceiling effect was found for all items (max = 85%). A ceiling effect was observed for all scales. Appearance and psychosocial impact scale items showed redundancy, with many inter-item correlations above 0.7. The CFA of the original structure displayed a reasonable fit, with RMSEA = 0.065, CFI = 0.974 and TLI = 0.972. Scales were positively correlated (0.45 <  ρ < 0.65; p < 0.001). Test-retest intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.94 to 0.99 for all scales., Conclusion: A French version of the SCAR-Q questionnaire is validated, ready for use.

Several new materials with four structure-types (e.g., Cu 0.32 In 1.74 Ga 0.84 S 4 (CIGS 4 ), Cu 0.65 In 1.75 Ga 1.4 S 5 (CIGS 5 ), Cu 1.44 In 2.77 Ga 0.76 S 6 (CIGS 6 ), and Cu 1.1 In 2.49 Ga 1.8 S 7 (CIGS 7 )) have been evidenced in the Cu 2 S-In 2 S 3 -Ga 2 S 3 pseudo-ternary system. All of them present a 2D structure built upon infinite 2/∞[InS 2 ] layers ((InS 6 ) octahedra sharing edges) on which condense on both sides mono-, bi-, or tri-2/∞[MS] layers ((MS 4 ) tetrahedra (M = Cu, In, Ga) sharing corners). (M(Td)) n -2 (In(Oh))S n slabs are separated from each other by a van der Waals gap, and subscript n refers to the number of sulfur layers within the building block. These compounds have the propensity to display stacking faults but also polymorphic forms. Their optical gap (ca. 1.7 eV) is quite similar to the one of the Cu(In 0.7 Ga 0.3 )S 2 chalcopyrite absorbers used in tandem solar cells, and the major charge carriers are holes. This suggests that they might be very attractive for photovoltaic applications in thin film devices but also for photocatalysis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to translate the FACE-Q "Rhinoplasty" module into French and validate its use for the French-speaking population., Design: "Satisfaction with the nose" and "Satisfaction with nostrils" questionnaires were used and translated., Settings: We were granted permission to use the FACE-Q rhinoplasty module by the development team. These two questionnaires constitute the rhinoplasty module of the FACE-Q questionnaire. ISPOR and WHO recommendations were used to complete the translation process from English into French in six steps., Main Outcome Measurement: Our goal was to obtain, not a literal translation, but rather a translation of the idea or concept., Results: Each step allowed us to make changes to achieve a conceptual translation equivalent to the original version., Conclusion: The FACE-Q questionnaire is a reference in the field of cosmetic surgery outcome evaluation. The use of two validated translation recommendations, with a six-step translation-back translation process, leads to a French version corresponding to the original. This version is usable in a French-speaking population., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The domain of biobanking has gone through many stages and as a result there are a wide range of commercial and open source software solutions available. The utilization of these software tools requires different levels of domain and technical skills for installation, configuration and ultimate us of these biobank software tools. To compound this complexity the biobanking community are required to work together in order to share knowledge and jointly build solutions to underpin the research infrastructure. We have evaluated the available tools, described them in a catalogue (BiobankApps) and made a selection of tools available to biobanks in a reference toolbox (BIBBOX) that are use-case driven. In the BiobankApps tool catalogue, both commercial and open source software solutions related to the biobanking domain are included, classified and evaluated. The evaluation covers: 1) "user review" by an authenticated user 2) domain expert: quick analysis by BBMRI members and 3) domain expert: detailed analysis and test installation with real world data. The evaluation is paired with a survey across the more "advanced" (from a technology perspective) biobanks to investigate what tools are currently used and summarises known benefits/drawbacks of the respective packages. In the second step we recommend tools for specific use cases, and install, configure and connect these in the BIBBOX framework. This service also builds on the existing work in the United Kingdom in seeking to establish the motivations for different stakeholders to become involved and therefore assisting in prioritising the use-cases based on the level of need and support within the research community. All tools associated to a use-case are available as BIBBOX applications (technically this is achieved by docker containers), which are integrated in the BIBBOX framework with central identification and user management. In future work we plan to share the acquired knowledge with other networks, develop an Application Programmable Interface (API) for the exchange of metadata with other tool catalogues and work on an ontology for the evaluation of biobank software.

Human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) is most often detected at the skin surface of healthy individuals. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that HPyV6 also infects internal tissues. We provide direct evidence of HPyV6 infecting a lymph node of a patient with an angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia or Kimura disease., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Introduction: The aim of our study was to analyze a series of patients from our institution who underwent surgery for head and neck cutaneous melanoma and who received sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)., Material and Methods: A single-center observational cohort of 120 head and neck melanoma patients was investigated from 2002 to 2011., Results: Among the 107 patients (89.2%) with lymph node identified during lymphoscintigraphy, at least one node was collected and analyzed in 96 patients (90.6%). A positive sentinel lymph node was found in 9.4% of patients. Our data showed higher failure rate of lymphoscintigraphic identification (11.7%), lower rate of SLN positivity (9.4%), and higher false-negative rate of SLNB (24.1%) than the usualfigures established for malignant melanomas in other locations. After a mean follow-up of 38.1 months, the disease-free survival (DFS) rate in the positive SLN group was 53% vs 75% for the negative SLN after 2 years of follow-up and 53% vs 48% after 5 years (p = 0.44)., Conclusion: The complexity of lymphatic drainage and the anatomy of the cervical region probably accounts for a specificities which result in a lower predictive value of SLNB in head and neck melanoma than in MM in other locations.

Objective: To investigate the role of radiation therapy in rare salivary gland pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC)., Study Design: A French multicenter retrospective study (level of evidence 4) of children/adolescents treated for MEC between 1980 and 2010 was conducted., Results: Median age of the 38 patients was 14 years. Parotid subsite, low-grade, and early primary stage tumors were encountered in 81%, 82%, and 68% of cases, respectively. All except 1 patient were treated by tumoral surgical excision, and 53% by neck dissection (80% of high grades). Postoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy were performed in 29% and 11% of cases. With a median 62-month follow-up, overall survival and local control rates were 95% and 84%, respectively. There was 1 nodal relapse. Lower grade and early stage tumors had better survival. Postoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy were associated with similar local rates. Patients with or without prior cancer had similar outcomes., Conclusions: Pediatric salivary gland MEC carries a good prognosis. Low-intermediate grade, early-stage tumors should be treated with surgery alone. Neck dissection should be performed in high-grade tumors. Radiation therapy should be proposed for high grade and/or advanced primary stage MEC. For high-grade tumors without massive neck involvement, irradiation volumes may be limited to the primary area, given the risk of long-term side effects of radiation therapy in children. Pediatric MEC as second cancers retain a similar prognosis. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess late side effects and second cancers., (Copyright © 2013 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine skin tumor. The aim of our study was to analyze the prognosis of patients operated on for CCM and having no lymph node involvement after analysis of sentinel lymph node (SLN)., Material and Method: This was a retrospective study of 10 cases of CCM stage I or II who received the SLN technique in our institution between 2003 and 2010. RESULTS Among the 10 patients, 7 had an identification of at least one SLN, among which the node could be surgically removed in 6 cases. In cases of failure of SLN technique, a neck dissection +/- parotidectomy was performed. No lymph node metastasis was found in our series. Mean follow-up was 38 months. The overall survival rate was 100% at 2 years and 50% at 5 years. The Disease-free survival was 85% at 2 and 5 years., Conclusion: Our results show that the technique of sentinel lymph node is a reliable tool for evaluating nodal status of patients with CCM and that pN0 patients have a good prognosis.