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Objective As a newly discovered source rock in the Fuman area of the Tarim Basin, the source rock of the Tumuxiuke Formation has good petroleum exploration prospects, and the geochemical evaluation of the source rock is conducive to guiding exploration. Methods The qualitative and quantitative characterization of drill cuttings from the Tumuxiuke Formation in the Fuman area was carried out by means of total organic carbon (TOC) content, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and GC-MS analysis of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Results The results show that the source rock of the Tumuxiuke Formation is a good to excellentsource rock, with an average TOC content of 3.4%. The highest hydrogen index (HI) is 590 mg/g, and the kerogen type is mainly type Ⅱ. According to the molecular geochemical characteristics, the source rock was formed in a marine sedimentary environment with weakly reducing brackish water, with aquatic algae as the primary hydrocarbon-generating organisms.Based on the peak temperature (Tmax) of Rock-Eval, saturated hydrocarbon biomarker compounds, and aromatic hydrocarbon thermal maturity parameters, the source rock of the Tumuxiuke Formation is generally in the mature-medium mature evolution stage and has good hydrocarbon generation potential. Conclusion As the sedimentary center of the Huanman Depression, the southern Fuman area may have thicker and higher-quality Tumuxiuke source rock with a greater degree of thermal evolution, whose contribution to the oil and gas resources in the Ordovician cannot be ignored.

Small cutting thicknesses are commonly employed to minimize surface damage during the CFRP finishing process. However, reducing cutting thickness is not always beneficial to surface quality and the cutting process, particularly in cases involving tool wear. In this paper, the influence of cutting thicknesses on CFRP material removal behavior is studied, considering different stages of tool wear, through finite element simulations and orthogonal cutting experiments. The results show that tool wear exerts a more pronounced impact on the chip formation mechanism at smaller cutting thicknesses. When the fiber cutting angle θ = 0°, machining quality is minimally influenced by the cutting thickness but is primarily affected by tool wear. When θ = 45°/90°, it becomes challenging to form cutting chips when using worn tools at small cutting thicknesses (≤10 μm), but appropriately increasing the cutting thickness is conducive to fiber removal and enhancing machining quality. When θ = 135°, the chip formation mechanism remains relatively unchanged with tool wear, but the increase in cutting thickness results in a substantial rise in subsurface damage. This research illuminates the complex relationship between cutting thickness, tool wear and machining quality of CFRP, offering valuable insights for the CFRP cutting process.

The Shunbei 5 (SB5) strike-slip fault, situated in the central Tarim basin, is distinguished by its considerable length, significant variations in planar orientation, and intricate multi-stage tectonic evolution. This study delves into the geometric, kinematic, and dynamic features of both the southern and northern parts of the SB5 fault, utilizing the latest seismic data from the Fuman Oilfield, and examines the factors influencing the fault’s planar deflection. The fault can be categorized into three structural deformation layers based on lithological features and fault features: the deep structural deformation layer (below TЄ3), characterized by basement rifting and limited strike-slip activity; the middle structural deformation layer (TЄ3-TO3), marked by vigorous strike-slip movements and the dominance of flower structures; and the shallow structural deformation layer (TO3-TP), featuring echelon-type normal faults and boundary graben faults, specifically in the southern SB5 fault. The fault activity is more pronounced in its southern SB5 fault compared to the northern, with the weakest activity at the TЄ3 interface and the peak at the TO3 interface. The southern SB5 fault transitions to sinistral slip at the TO3 interface, while the northern SB5 fault shifts from dextral to sinistral slip at the TC interface, highlighting variable slip directions across different interfaces. Rifts are extensively distributed within the Precambrian basement along the SB5 fault. The initial strike-slip fault rupture, which is primarily localized in these areas, exerts a significant influence on the formation of the S-shaped fault plane. This process involves four distinct evolution stages: the embryonic stage of strike-slip activity during the Middle-Late Cambrian; the intense strike-slip fault activity stage during the Middle-Late Ordovician; the reactivation stage of deep strike-slip fault in the Silurian; and the connection and reactivation stage during the Devonian-Carboniferous.

With the development of data science, AI and data transaction, an increasing number of users are utilizing multi-party data for federated machine learning to obtain their desired models. Therefore, scholars have proposed numerous federated learning frameworks to address practical issues. However, there are still three issues that need to be addressed in current federated learning frameworks: 1) privacy protection, 2) poisoning attack, and 3) protection of the interests of participants. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel federated learning framework MS-FL based on multiple security strategies. The framework’s algorithms guarantee that data providers need not worry about data privacy leakage. At the same time, it can defend against poisoning attack from malicious nodes. Finally, to ensure the interests of all parties are protected, a blockchain protocol is utilized. The theoretical derivation proves the effectiveness of this framework. Experimental results show that the algorithm designed in this paper outperforms other algorithms.

In this study, the effect of arsenic on the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal efficiency and microbial community structure was investigated over 60 days using the SBR process. The results showed that the presence of arsenic had no significant impact on the system performance, the removal efficiencies of two reactors, R1 (the control test) and R2 (with the addition of arsenic), were 13.36 ± 5.71 and 14.20 ± 5.27%, which were attributed to the adsorption of SMX by fulvic acid-like substances and tryptophan-like proteins of extracellular polymeric substances. Compared to the seed sludge, the species number indicated that R2 possessed the richer diversity, while R1 possessed the lower diversity on day 60, which might be relative to the transferring of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sludge bacterial communities; the minute amounts of arsenic could make the relative levels of Sul1 and Sul2 genes which encode ARGs of sulfonamides in R2 (2.07 and 2.47%) be higher than that in R1 (1.65 and 1.27%), which made the bacterial community of the R2 system more adaptable to SMX stress. Therefore, the minute amounts of arsenic weakened the effect of SMX on the system and enhanced the stability of the microbial community structure. HIGHLIGHTS The addition of arsenic has no significant effect on the removal efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX).; The extracellular polymeric substances played an important role in the SMX removal in both R1 and R2 reactors.; The arsenic could promote antibiotic resistance geness transfer in sludge bacterial communities.; The arsenic enhanced the microbial adaptation to SMX stress.; The arsenic ensured the stability of the microbial community structure.;

In this work, high-frequency forced vibrations of lateral field excitation (LFE) devices with stepped electrodes based on monoclinic crystals GdCOB are modeled, and the influence laws of the device parameters (the step number, size, and thickness of the stepped electrodes) on the energy-trapping effects of the device are revealed. The results show that the step number has a significant effect on the energy-trapping effect of the device: with the increase in the step number, the stronger energy-trapping effect of the device can be obtained; with the increase in the thickness difference of two layers of electrodes, the energy-trapping effect of the device becomes stronger; with the increase in the difference of the electrode radius, the energy-trapping effect of the device is enhanced gradually. The results of this work can provide an important theoretical basis for the design of stepped-electrode LFE resonators and sensors with high-quality factors based on monoclinic crystals.

The relaxor ferroelectric single crystal (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) has high piezoelectric constants, and thus has a good application prospect in the field of highly sensitive piezoelectric sensors. In this paper, for relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT, the bulk acoustic wave characteristics on pure- and pseudo-lateral-field-excitation (pure- and pseudo-LFE) modes are investigated. LFE piezoelectric coupling coefficients and acoustic wave phase velocities for PMN-PT crystals in different cuts and electric field directions are calculated. On this basis, the optimal cuts of pure-LFE and pseudo-LFE modes of relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT are obtained, namely, (zxt)45° and (zxtl)90°/90°, respectively. Finally, finite element simulations are carried out to verify the cuts of pure-LFE and pseudo-LFE modes. The simulation results show that the PMN-PT acoustic wave devices in pure-LFE mode have good energy-trapping effects. For PMN-PT acoustic wave devices in pseudo-LFE mode, when the device is in air, no obvious energy-trapping emerges; when the water (as a virtual electrode) is added to the surface of the crystal plate, an obvious resonance peak and the energy-trapping effect appears. Therefore, the PMN-PT pure-LFE device is suitable for gas-phase detections. While the PMN-PT pseudo-LFE device is suitable for liquid-phase detections. The above results verify the correctness of the cuts of the two modes. The research results provide an important basis for the development of highly sensitive LFE piezoelectric sensors based on relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT.

Topological transports of elastic waves have attracted much attention because of their unique immunity to defects and backscattering-suppression ability. Periodic lattice structures are ideal carriers of elastic-wave transports due to their ability to manipulate elastic waves. Compared with honeycomb-lattice structures, the wave-guide-path designs of triangular-lattice structures have higher flexibility. In this paper, topological transports of elastic waves in the periodic triangular-lattice structure are explored. It is shown that differences between intra-coupling and inter-coupling radii can cause the destruction of the effective spatial inversion symmetry, which gives rise to the valley Hall phase transition and the forming of topological edge states. Utilizing valley Hall effect, topological transports of elastic waves traveling along linear and Z-shaped waveguides are realized with low scattering and immunity to defects. On this basis, the path-selection function of transports of elastic waves in periodic triangular-lattice structures is obtained. Topological valley Hall edge states of elastic waves in periodic triangular-lattice structures have a good application prospects in elastic-wave manipulations and communications.

A giant, ultra-deep (>7000 m) strike-slip fault-related oilfield has been found in the central depression of the Tarim Basin. However, little research has addressed this discovery to understand the fault effects on the oil migration, which constrains the oil exploitation deployment and well optimization. Based on fault modeling and fluid analysis, we present the effects of fault segment on the oil segmentation and migration in the ultra-deep Fuman Oilfield. The results show a distinct fault segmentation and also subsequent variable fault architecture and non-connected fracture network other than a through-going fault zone. There are fault segment-related isolated fractured reservoirs and fluid variation along the fault strike, which indicates that a large oilfield comprises a series of unconnected small oil reservoirs along the fault segments. The fluid segmentation and molecular indicator of dibenzothiophenes reveal that there is a variable petroleum lateral migration along the strike-slip fault segment. The fault segmentation is a major contribution in the varied oil accumulation along the strike-slip fault zone in Fuman Oilfield. This case study suggests that fault segmentation has variable effects on petroleum migration and accumulation along the strike-slip zone.

Objective: Ephedrine hydrochloride (EH) is a major component from Ephedra sinica STAPF, which is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. This study was designed to investigate the effect of EH on water metabolism and further explore the relevant signaling pathway of body fluid regulation in “lung governing regulation of water passage” using a rabbit model of mechanical ventilation. The molecular mechanism of the EH effect in the kidney was also investigated. Methods: Rabbits were randomly divided into a control group, model group, EH group, and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (DH) group. Urine volume was measured by the intubation method and pathologic changes in lung and renal tissue were measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Nitric oxide (NO) production in lung, serum, and kidney were analyzed using chemical methods. An ELISA was used to analyze angiotensin II (Ang II), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in the lung, serum, and kidney. Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) mRNA and protein expression in the kidney was determined using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: EH significantly inhibited the decrease in the total urine volume in the third and fourth stages, and displayed significant regulatory effects on NO, Ang II, ADH, PGE2, ANP, and ET-1 in serum, lung, and renal tissues compared with the model group. In the kidney, AQP1 and AQP2 mRNA and protein expression in the EH group were remarkably down-regulated compared with the model group. Conclusion: EH exerted a regulatory effect on water metabolism by diffusing the lung and increased urine volume in the rabbit model, which was consistent with the decrease in kidney AQP1 and AQP2 expression levels that led to an increase in urine volume. EH could assist with DH to exert a protective effect on the clinical application of mechanical ventilation. Keywords: Mechanical ventilation, Ephedrine hydrochloride, Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride, Humoral regulation

Objective: To explore biological mechanisms underlying the traditional Chinese medicine theory of “lung governing the regulation of water passage” by observing effects of mechanical ventilation on urine volume and related bioactive substances. Methods: A total of 16 male rabbits were randomly divided into control and lung expansion model groups (n = 8 per group), which were examined during the following four respiratory intervention stages (10 minutes each): (1) free breathing without any respiratory intervention; (2) lung expansion induced by mechanical ventilator; (3) free breathing without ventilator intervention; (4) cutting of bilateral sympathetic, vagus, and depressor nerves with mechanical ventilation. Data for breathing rate, blood pressure, and urine drops were recorded with a Medlab data acquisition system. Levels of nitric oxide (NO), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), endothelin 1 (ET-1), angiotensin II (AngII), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were detected in lung tissue, kidney tissue, and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression of aquaporins 1 and 2 (AQP1 and AQP2) was detected in kidney tissue by immunohistochemistry, while Aqp1 mRNA and Aqp2 mRNA levels in kidney tissue were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological changes in lung and kidney tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Compared with the control group, number of urine drops during the second and fourth stages is significantly decreased in the model group (P