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Abstract Streptococcus gallolyticus (Sg) is a non-motile, gram-positive bacterium that causes infective endocarditis (inflammation of the heart lining). Because Sg has gained resistance to existing antibiotics and there is currently no drug available, developing effective anti-Sg drugs is critical. This study combined core proteomics with a subtractive proteomics technique to identify potential therapeutic targets for Sg. Several bioinformatics approaches were used to eliminate non-essential and human-specific homologous sequences from the bacterial proteome. Then, virulence, druggability, subcellular localization, and functional analyses were carried out to specify the participation of significant bacterial proteins in various cellular processes. The pathogen’s genome contained three druggable proteins, glucosamine-1phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GlmU), RNA polymerase sigma factor (RpoD), and pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase (PPAT) which could serve as effective targets for developing novel drugs. 3D structures of target protein were modeled through Swiss Model. A natural product library containing 10,000 molecules from the LOTUS database was docked against therapeutic target proteins. Following an evaluation of the docking results using the glide gscore, the top 10 compounds docked against each protein receptor were chosen. LTS001632, LTS0243441, and LTS0236112 were the compounds that exhibited the highest binding affinities against GlmU, PPAT, and RpoD, respectively, among the compounds that were chosen. To augment the docking data, molecular dynamics simulations and MM-GBSA binding free energy were also utilized. More in-vitro research is necessary to transform these possible inhibitors into therapeutic drugs, though computer validations were employed in this study. This combination of computational techniques paves the way for targeted antibiotic development, which addresses the critical need for new therapeutic strategies against S. gallolyticus infections.

Abstract Streptococcus gallolyticus is a non-motile, gram-positive bacterium that causes infective endocarditis. S. gallolyticus has developed resistance to existing antibiotics, and no vaccine is currently available. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective S. gallolyticus vaccine. Core proteomics was used in this study together with subtractive proteomics and reverse vaccinology approach to find antigenic proteins that could be utilized for the design of the S. gallolyticus multi-epitope vaccine. The pipeline identified two antigenic proteins as potential vaccine targets: penicillin-binding protein and the ATP synthase subunit. T and B cell epitopes from the specific proteins were forecasted employing several immunoinformatics and bioinformatics resources. A vaccine (360 amino acids) was created using a combination of seven cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte (CTL), three helper T cell lymphocyte (HTL), and five linear B cell lymphocyte (LBL) epitopes. To increase immune responses, the vaccine was paired with a cholera enterotoxin subunit B (CTB) adjuvant. The developed vaccine was highly antigenic, non-allergenic, and stable for human use. The vaccine's binding affinity and molecular interactions with the human immunological receptor TLR4 were studied using molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MMGBSA), molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation analyses. Escherichia coli (strain K12) plasmid vector pET-28a ( +) was used to examine the ability of the vaccine to be expressed. According to the outcomes of these computer experiments, the vaccine is quite promising in terms of developing a protective immunity against diseases. However, in vitro and animal research are required to validate our findings.

ObjectiveAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe cardiovascular disease that threatens human life and health globally. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) governs the fate of RNAs via m6A regulators. Nevertheless, how m6A regulators affect AMI remains to be deciphered. To solve this issue, an integrative analysis of m6A regulators in AMI was conducted.MethodsWe acquired transcriptome profiles (GSE59867, GSE48060) of peripheral blood samples from AMI patients and healthy controls. Key m6A regulators were used for LASSO, and consensus clustering was conducted. Next, the m6A score was also computed. Immune cell infiltration, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress were evaluated. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments were conducted to verify the role of the m6A regulator ALKBH5 in AMI.ResultsMost m6A regulators presented notable expression alterations in circulating cells of AMI patients versus those of controls. Based on key m6A regulators, we established a gene signature and a nomogram for AMI diagnosis and risk prediction. AMI patients were classified into three m6A clusters or gene clusters, respectively, and each cluster possessed the unique properties of m6A modification, immune cell infiltration, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress. Finally, the m6A score was utilized to quantify m6A modification patterns. Therapeutic targeting of ALKBH5 greatly alleviated apoptosis and intracellular ROS in H/R-induced H9C2 cells and NRCMs.ConclusionAltogether, our findings highlight the clinical significance of m6A regulators in the diagnosis and risk prediction of AMI and indicate the critical roles of m6A modification in the regulation of immune cell infiltration, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress.

The（Ni, Pt）Al bond coats were prepared on the surface of nickel base single crystal superalloy by chemical vapor deposition（CVD）, and then YSZ ceramic coats were directly deposited on the surface of bond coats by electron beam physical vapor deposition（EB-PVD）.The influence of phase constituent of bond coat on the cyclic oxidation behavior of （Ni, Pt）Al/YSZ thermal barrier coatings was investigated in detail. The phase structure, morphology and chemical composition of the coatings were analyzed. The experimental results show that the bond coat is mainly composed of β-（Ni,Pt）Al and PtAl2 phases and the contents of the as-deposited bond coat are primarily including Ni, Al, Pt, Co and Cr elements. The spallation location of the TBCs probably occurs at the interface of TGO layer and bond coat, inside of TGO layer and within the bond coat. After thermal cycling test, it is found that the spallation may occur in the interior and interface of TGO and adhesive layer. With the extension of thermal exposure time, the residual stress located at the TGO layer decreases gradually in total. Therefore, controlling the precursor activity, Pt/Al element content, inhibiting the formation of brittle PtAl2 phase, improving the interfacial toughness of TGO layer/bonding layer, and reducing the stress-strain level of TGO layer are important ways to extend the thermal cycling life of（Ni, Pt）Al/YSZ thermal barrier coatings.

Abstract For the channel estimation problem under α-stable distributed impulse interference, the traditional fixed-step adaptive filtering cannot satisfy the fast convergence speed and low steady-state error at the same time, whereas the variable-step method is able to effectively solve this contradiction. This paper proposes an improved variable step-size least mean p-power adaptive algorithm that offers good robustness against impulsive noise. The proposed algorithm takes into account the linkage between the errors and uses the adjustment of the step size based on the errors of the current moment and the previous k moments, thus overcoming the problems of poor anti-noise performance and large steady-state fluctuations of the fixed-step size algorithm. This algorithm ensures that the step size does not change abruptly when the system is disturbed by impulse noise and can achieve a lower steady-state error. The simulation results show that the algorithm has better convergence than the traditional fixed step-size algorithm and the existing variable step-size algorithm under the interference of impulsive noise.

Two BOG treatment processes are adopted in the Tangshan LNG terminal of PetroChina, including the recondensation and highpressure compression based export processes. However, the LNG cold energy could not be fully used if only the high-pressure compression method is used for BOG treatment in the low export condition. The booster compressor has high operation power and large energy consumption.For this reason, the combined BOG treatment scheme of the Tangshan LNG terminal was studied through the combined numerical simulation and theoretical research with the ASPEN HYSYS software. Meanwhile, the combined operation scheme of the re-condenser and booster compressor was formulated to make full use of the LNG cold energy and reduce the operating power consumption of the booster compressor. The results show that the BOG flow has a great impact on the downstream LNG temperature. To control the downstream LNG temperature change of the re-condenser, the BOG flow should be controlled at first, with the auxiliary of BOG temperature and LNG header flow control. The combined operation scheme after optimization could reduce the power consumption of the compressor by 5%-20%, so that about 9.4×105 kW·h power can be saved annually, with an obvious optimization effect. Generally, the research results could provide a theoretical reference for the calculation of the combined BOG treatment process in the LNG terminal and the formulation of the operation scheme.

Abstract Passive localization of underwater targets was a thorny problem in underwater acoustics. For traditional model-driven passive localization methods, the main challenges are the inevitable environmental mismatch and the presence of interference and noise everywhere. In recent years, data-driven machine learning approaches have opened up new possibilities for passive localization of underwater acoustics. However, the acquisition and processing of underwater acoustics data are more restricted than other scenarios, and the lack of data is one of the most enormous difficulties in the application of machine learning to underwater acoustics. To take full advantage of the relatively easy accessed unlabeled data, this paper proposes a framework for underwater acoustic source localization based on a two-step semi-supervised learning classification model. The first step is trained in unsupervised mode with the whole available dataset (labeled and unlabeled dataset), and it consists of a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) for feature extraction and self-attention (RA) mechanism for picking more useful features by applying constraints on the CAE. The second step is trained in supervised mode with the labeled dataset, and it consists of a multilayer perceptron connected to an encoder from the first step and is used to perform the source location task. The proposed framework is validated on uniform vertical line array data of SWellEx-96 event S5. Compared with the supervised model and the model without the RA, the proposed framework maintains good localization performance with the reduced labeled dataset, and the proposed framework is more robust when the training dataset and the test dataset of the second step are distributed differently, which is called “data mismatch.”

In this paper, the total ionize dose (TID) irradiations for NPN bipolar transistors were carried out by 60Co γ rays. Obvious degradations were observed after irradiation, which are manifested as the increase of base current and the decrease of current gain. A more obvious increase of base current was observed at lower emitter junction bias. It shows that the degradation of the base current mainly origins from the increase of the recombination current of the emitter junction, since the recombination current component in base current is dominant at lower emitter junction bias. It can be concluded that the performance degradations of bipolar transistors are mainly due to the increase of recombination current caused by radiationinduced traps in the oxide. It is found that the bias condition during irradiation is the key factor affecting the TID effect of NPN transistor. The reverse bias is a worse bias condition than the zero bias during irradiation. Furthermore, the TID effect of two kinds of NPN bipolar transistors was compared. The two kinds of transistors have the same structure, except that one of the devices is radiation hardened by improving the surface state of the base region. The radiation induced degradations in radiation hardened devices are less than that in unhardened devices. For the unhardened device, the base current increases from 882×10-8 A to 367×10-7 A at |VEB|=05 V after 50 krad(Si) irradiation, increased by 316%. While for the hardened device, the base current increases from 751×10-8 A to 119×10-7 A at |VEB|=05 V after 50 krad(Si) irradiation, increased by 584%. Finally, the deep level traps in NPN transistors were measured by deep level transient spectrum (DLTS) before and after irradiation. The radiation will increase the trap densities and alter the energy level of the traps for the unhardened devices. By comparing the DLTS results of hardened and unhardened devices, it is found that there are great differences in their native traps. The energy level of the traps in the hardened devices is farther away from the center of the band gap than the unhardened devices. It may implies that the radiation hardness of the device can be achieved by improving the native trap states of the device.

Abstract Decreased albumin levels are common in congestive heart failure (CHF), but little is known about its role in mortality risk in CHF. This study developed a cohort prediction model based on 7121 individuals with heart failure to evaluate the short-term mortality and prognostic role of albumin in patients with CHF. The cohort was from intensive care unit between 2001 and 2012 in a publicly available clinical database in intensive care called MIMIC III. We used a generalized additive model to determine the nonlinear correlation between serum albumin and 14th day, 28th day and 90th day all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. The results showed that serum albumin is an independent risk factor for 14th, 28th and 90th day all-cause mortality, and has a linear relationship with all-cause mortality in congestive heart failure. Cox regression analysis using restricted cubic spline with albumin as continuous parameter showed that the decrease of albumin level is directly related to the increase of mortality (14th day mortality: hazard ratio [HR], 0.65 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.73]); 28th day mortality: HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.63]; 90th day mortality: HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.47 to 0.57]; P for trend

ObjectiveTo explore the status and influencing factors of electric bicycle （e-bike）-related traffic injury in Songjiang District of Shanghai， and to provide reference for prevention and control of the injury.MethodsA self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the community residents over 16 years old who rode e-bike in Songjiang Western Industrial Zone. The survey included general demographic characteristics， physical and psychological conditions， e-bike use， accidents and injuries. Descriptive analysis， chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability method were used to explore the influencing factors of traffic injury by e-bike in Songjiang District.Results1 030 questionnaires were distributed and 1 013 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective rate of the questionnaire was 98.35%. From June 2020 to May 2021， the incidence of e-bike traffic accidents in Songjiang Western Industrial Zone was 17.47% and the incidence of injuries was 12.64%. The difference between e-bike accident group and non accident group was statistically significant （P

BackgroundThere is a growing public concern about diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which poses a severe threat to human health and life. It is important to discover noninvasive and sensitive immune-associated biomarkers that can be used to predict DKD development. ScRNA-seq and transcriptome sequencing were performed here to identify cell types and key genes associated with DKD.MethodsHere, this study conducted the analysis through five microarray datasets of DKD (GSE131882, GSE1009, GSE30528, GSE96804, and GSE104948) from gene expression omnibus (GEO). We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis (GSE131882) by using CellMarker and CellPhoneDB on public datasets to identify the specific cell types and cell-cell interaction networks related to DKD. DEGs were identified from four datasets (GSE1009, GSE30528, GSE96804, and GSE104948). The regulatory relationship between DKD-related characters and genes was evaluated by using WGCNA analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) datasets were applied to define the enrichment of each term. Subsequently, immune cell infiltration between DKD and the control group was identified by using the “pheatmap” package, and the connection Matrix between the core genes and immune cell or function was illuminated through the “corrplot” package. Furthermore, RcisTarget and GSEA were conducted on public datasets for the analysis of the regulation relationship of key genes and it revealed the correlation between 3 key genes and top the 20 genetic factors involved in DKD. Finally, the expression of key genes between patients with 35 DKD and 35 healthy controls were examined by ELISA, and the relationship between the development of DKD rate and hub gene plasma levels was assessed in a cohort of 35 DKD patients. In addition, we carried out immunohistochemistry and western blot to verify the expression of three key genes in the kidney tissue samples we obtained.ResultsThere were 8 cell types between DKD and the control group, and the number of connections between macrophages and other cells was higher than that of the other seven cell groups. We identified 356 different expression genes (DEGs) from the RNA-seq, which are enriched in urogenital system development, kidney development, platelet alpha granule, and glycosaminoglycan binding pathways. And WGCNA was conducted to construct 13 gene modules. The highest correlations module is related to the regulation of cell adhesion, positive regulation of locomotion, PI3K-Akt, gamma response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and E2F target signaling pathway. Then we overlapped the DEGs, WGCNA, and scRNA-seq, SLIT3, PDE1A and CFH were screened as the closely related genes to DKD. In addition, the findings of immunological infiltration revealed a remarkable positive link between T cells gamma delta, Macrophages M2, resting mast cells, and the three critical genes SLIT3, PDE1A, and CFH. Neutrophils were considerably negatively connected with the three key genes. Comparatively to healthy controls, DKD patients showed high levels of SLIT3, PDE1A, and CFH. Despite this, higher SLIT3, PDE1A, and CFH were associated with an end point rate based on a median follow-up of 2.6 years. And with the gradual deterioration of DKD, the expression of SLIT3, PDE1A, and CFH gradually increased.ConclusionsThe 3 immune-associated genes could be used as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of DKD. Additionally, we found new pathogenic mechanisms associated with immune cells in DKD, which might lead to therapeutic targets against these cells.

Although since the 1980s, the mortality of coronary heart disease(CHD) has obviously decreased due to the rise of coronary intervention, the mortality and disability of CHD were still high in some countries. Etiological studies of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and CHD were extremely important. In this study, we used two-sample Mendelian randomization(TSMR) method to collect GWAS statistics of osteoprotegerin (OPG), AMI and CHD to reveal the causal relationship between OPG and these two diseases. In total, we identified 7 genetic variants associated with AMI and 7 genetic variants associated with CHD that were not found to be in linkage disequilibrium(LD; r2

Summary: Influenza A virus poses a constant challenge to human health. The highly conserved influenza matrix-2 (M2) protein is an attractive target for the development of a universal antibody-based drug. However, screening using antigens with subphysiological conformation in a nonmembrane environment significantly reduces the generation of efficient antibodies. Here, M2(1-46) was incorporated into nanodiscs (M2-nanodiscs) with M2 in a membrane-embedded tetrameric conformation, closely resembling its natural physiological state in the influenza viral envelope. M2-nanodisc generation, an antigen, was followed by Chiloscyllium plagiosum immunization. The functional vNARs were selected by phage display panning strategy from the shark immune library. One of the isolated vNARs, AM2H10, could specifically bind to tetrameric M2 instead of monomeric M2e (the ectodomain of M2 protein). Furthermore, AM2H10 blocked ion influx through amantadine-sensitive and resistant M2 channels. Our findings indicated the possibility of developing functional shark nanobodies against various influenza viruses by targeting the M2 protein.

Phase-only light modulation is an important functionality for many optoelectronic applications. Although modulation efficiency can be significantly improved by using optical resonances, resonance detuning is always accompanied with dramatic intensity variation that is less ideal. Here, we propose a method to achieve intensity-flattened phase shifting by utilizing the unidirectional guided resonance (UGR) – a novel class of topologically enabled guided resonance that only radiates toward a single side. Consequently, the incident excites resonances and generates phase shifting, but it transmits to only one out-going port without other choice, which flattens the transmittance. Theory and simulation agree well and confirm our findings, in particular when nonradiative loss has been taken into account. By directly measuring the intensity and phase responses of UGR samples, a dip depth of 0.43 is observed with nonradiative Q around 2500. We further predict a dip depth of 0.13 can be achieved with a reasonable nonradiative Q around 8000 in state-of-art fabrication precision, which is sufficient and useful for the applications ranging from light projection, flat metalens optics, optical phased array, to light detection and ranging.

Objective: Heart failure remains a global public health problem linked to rising morbidity and mortality. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial regulators in post-transcriptionally determining gene expression. Our study aimed to comprehensively elucidate the diagnostic utility and biological roles of RBPs in heart failure.Methods: Genomic data of human failing and nonfailing left ventricular myocardium specimens were retrieved from the GEO datasets. Heart failure-specific RBPs were screened with differential expression analyses, and RBP-based subtypes were clustered with consensus clustering approach. GSEA was implemented for comparing KEGG pathways across subtypes. RBP-based subtype-related genes were screened with WGCNA. Afterwards, characteristic genes were selected through integrating LASSO and SVM-RFE approaches. A nomogram based on characteristic genes was established and verified through calibration curve, decision curve and clinical impact curve analyses. The abundance of immune cell types was estimated with CIBERSORT approach.Results: Heart failure-specific RBPs were determined, which were remarkably linked to RNA metabolism process. Three RBP-based subtypes (namely C1, C2, C3) were established, characterized by distinct pathway activities and PANoptosis gene levels. C2 subtype presented the highest abundance of immune cells, followed by C1 and C3. Afterwards, ten characteristic genes were selected, which enabled to reliably diagnose heart failure risk. The characteristic gene-based nomogram enabled to accurately predict risk of heart failure, with the excellent clinical utility. Additionally, characteristic genes correlated to immune cell infiltration and PANoptosis genes.Conclusion: Our findings comprehensively described the roles of RBPs in heart failure. Further research is required for verifying the effectiveness of RBP-based subtypes and characteristic genes in heart failure.

Objective: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential for most post-transcriptional regulatory events, which exert critical roles in nearly all aspects of cell biology. Here, characteristic RBPs of IgA nephropathy were determined with multiple machine learning algorithms.Methods: Our study included three gene expression datasets of IgA nephropathy (GSE37460, GSE73953, GSE93798). Differential expression of RBPs between IgA nephropathy and normal samples was analyzed via limma, and hub RBPs were determined through MCODE. Afterwards, three machine learning algorithms (LASSO, SVM-RFE, random forest) were integrated to determine characteristic RBPs, which were verified in the Nephroseq database. Immune cell infiltrations were estimated through CIBERSORT. Utilizing ConsensusClusterPlus, IgA nephropathy were classified based on hub RBPs. The potential upstream miRNAs were predicted.Results: Among 388 RBPs with differential expression, 43 hub RBPs were determined. After integration of three machine learning algorithms, three characteristic RBPs were finally identified (DDX27, RCL1, and TFB2M). All of them were down-regulated in IgA nephropathy than normal specimens, with the excellent diagnostic efficacy. Additionally, they were significantly linked to immune cell infiltrations, immune checkpoints, and pyroptosis-relevant genes. Based on hub RBPs, IgA nephropathy was stably classified as two subtypes (cluster 1 and 2). Cluster 1 exhibited the relatively high expression of pyroptosis-relevant genes and characteristic RBPs. MiR-501-3p, miR-760, miR-502-3p, miR-1224-5p, and miR-107 were potential upstream miRNAs of hub RBPs.Conclusion: Collectively, our findings determine three characteristic RBPs in IgA nephropathy and two RBPs-based subtypes, and thus provide a certain basis for further research on the diagnosis and pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

Abstract To determine the prevalence of bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) and its relationship with delayed elimination communication (EC) in children. A cross-sectional study was carried out in kindergartens and primary schools in mainland China. A total of 10,166 children ranging from 4 to 10 years old were included. A total of 10,166 valid questionnaires were collected, and 409 children were diagnosed with BBD. The overall prevalence was 4.02% (409/10,166) and decreased with age, from 6.19% at age 4 to 1.96% at age 10. With the prolonged use of disposable diapers (DDs), the commencement of usage of EC in a child was significantly put off or delayed by parents, and the prevalence of BBD amongst these children increased (P

Aiming at solving the problems of underground coal dust pollution and low energy efficiency of traditional coal combustion, the energy utilization mode of pulverized coal explosion power generation in the process of fluidized mining was proposed.In fluidization mining in underground coal mines, pulverized coal is used simultaneously as fuel and mixed with corresponding combustion supporting agents to induce pulverized coal combustion and explosion.The energy generated by detonation is used to drive the generator to generate electricity, which will reduce the energy loss from transferring chemical energy to steam internal energy and then to mechanical energy in traditional coal-fired power generation.After dust removal and purification, the explosive residue is backfilled into the goaf to avoid the goaf collapse and promote the resource utilization of the waste.Waste heat and energy, through efficient recovery, can be used for heating to promote multi-level utilization of energy.The technical conception of fluidized mining coal combustion and explosion power generation will promote the improvement of the energy utilization rate of coal resources and push the development of the clean, efficient, safe, and intelligent use of coal resources.

To understand the cooling effect and water loss of different transverse ventilation modes, Cover the grain stack with film and step by step unwinding grain stack film both in the transverse ventilation were used in the two wheat stored warehouses which the wide is 30 m. The temperature and moisture of the grain in the two warehouses before and after ventilation were tested, the uniformity of grain temperature was measured. The cooling effect, unit energy consumption, water loss, temperature and water uniformity were evaluated. The result indicate that: compared with the step by step unwinding grain stack film in the transverse ventilation, although the ventilation time and unit energy consumption of covering the grain stack with film increased by 140 h and 600 kW.h respectively. However, the uniformity of ventilation was better,the cooling effect was slightly better, the cooling range was 0.5 ℃ higher, the grain water loss was small,the average water of the whole barn wass 0.1% smaller. So it provides a basis for the reasonable selection of transverse ventilation.

Superhydrophobic coatings with micro-nano hierarchical structure constructed by nano particles usually have a poor behavior in water impact situation. This weakness limits superhydrophobic coatings' outdoor potential applications. A low-acoustic resistance all-organic superhydrophobic coating was prepared by spraying and compression molding methods with epoxy and PTFE particles. Water impact test was designed according to impact failure mechanism, and then water impact resistance was evaluated and compared with commercial superhydrophobic coatings'. The results indicate that the hydrophobicity reaches peak when coating contains 70% (mass fraction, the same below) PTFE particles, with 164.13° water contact angle(WCA) and 3° water slide angle(WSA). For water impact resistance, the coating with 75% PTFE particles has the best performance, it can keep the WCA at 154.62° after 22.77 ms-1 water jet impact test. And the molding coatings have better performance than sprayings. Besides, the results also show coating's good adhesion and wearability, for example, it can keep the WCA at 150.51° and WSA at 4° after 25-cycle tape peeling test, and keep the WCA at 149.21° and WSA at 9° after 20-cycle wear test.

Objectives Underwater vehicles with an X-plane arrangement can be designed to handle plane control jams, and are characterized by their safety over vehicles with a cruciform arrangement. Because of the different arrangement and control mode of the X-plane arrangement, its hydrodynamic characteristics are different from those of a cruciform arrangement.Methods Numerical simulations of the cruciform arrangement are carried out on SUBOFF and validated first with the model test results and then in combination with the determined meshing method. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the X-plane arrangement are then studied and compared with those of a cruciform arrangement with the same rudder area. Finally, simulations of both the cruciform and X-plane arrangements with propellers modelled by body force are carried out.Results The results show that the horizontal and vertical stability coefficient of the X-plane arrangement is almost the same and declines compared with those of the cruciform arrangement respectively. The force characteristics of the X-plane arrangement are nonlinear with its angle, and the derivatives of the rudder decline by about 27%. The pump effect improves the stability coefficients and enhances the derivatives of the control surface by about 15%–18%.Conclusions The results of this study can provide guiding references for the design of underwater vehicles.

Hollow polymer spheres (HPS) were firstly prepared through a hydrothermal method using phenolic precursor and styrene as starting materials.HPS was treated with phosphorous trichloride via a Friedel-Crafts reaction to obtain phosphorus-containing cross-linked polymer.After carbonization and KOH activation,P-doped hollow porous carbon spheres (AP-HCS) were prepared.FT-IR,TG,SEM,TEM,Raman,BET and XPS, and so on, were used to characterize the composition,structure and morphology of polymer and carbon spheres.The capacitance performance was also tested in 1 mol/L H2SO4electrolyte.The results show that AP-HCS has specific surface area of 2177 m2/g,exhibits good capacitance performance of 288 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g.After charging and discharging for 5000 times at the current density of 5 A/g,the 88.9% capacity is retained, showing good capacitance performance.

The complex pathology of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a main contributor to the difficulties in achieving a successful therapeutic regimen. Thyroxine (T4) administration has been shown to prevent the cognitive impairments induced by mTBI in mice but the mechanism is poorly understood. To understand the underlying mechanism, we carried out a single cell transcriptomic study to investigate the spatiotemporal effects of T4 on individual cell types in the hippocampus and frontal cortex at three post-injury stages in a mouse model of mTBI. We found that T4 treatment altered the proportions and transcriptomes of numerous cell types across tissues and timepoints, particularly oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia, which are crucial for injury repair. T4 also reversed the expression of mTBI-affected genes such as Ttr, mt-Rnr2, Ggn12, Malat1, Gnaq, and Myo3a, as well as numerous pathways such as cell/energy/iron metabolism, immune response, nervous system, and cytoskeleton-related pathways. Cell-type specific network modeling revealed that T4 mitigated select mTBI-perturbed dynamic shifts in subnetworks related to cell cycle, stress response, and RNA processing in oligodendrocytes. Cross cell-type ligand-receptor networks revealed the roles of App, Hmgb1, Fn1, and Tnf in mTBI, with the latter two ligands having been previously identified as TBI network hubs. mTBI and/or T4 signature genes were enriched for human genome-wide association study (GWAS) candidate genes for cognitive, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders related to mTBI. Our systems-level single cell analysis elucidated the temporal and spatial dynamic reprogramming of cell-type specific genes, pathways, and networks, as well as cell-cell communications as the mechanisms through which T4 mitigates cognitive dysfunction induced by mTBI.

Hollow polymer spheres (HPS) were firstly prepared through a hydrothermal method using phenolic precursor and styrene as starting materials.HPS was treated with phosphorous trichloride via a Friedel-Crafts reaction to obtain phosphorus-containing cross-linked polymer.After carbonization and KOH activation,P-doped hollow porous carbon spheres (AP-HCS) were prepared.FT-IR,TG,SEM,TEM,Raman,BET and XPS, and so on, were used to characterize the composition,structure and morphology of polymer and carbon spheres.The capacitance performance was also tested in 1 mol/L H2SO4electrolyte.The results show that AP-HCS has specific surface area of 2177 m2/g,exhibits good capacitance performance of 288 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g.After charging and discharging for 5000 times at the current density of 5 A/g,the 88.9% capacity is retained, showing good capacitance performance.

Abstract Background This study aimed to identify the roles of L-tryptophan (Trp) and its rate-limiting enzymes on the receptivity of bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Real-time PCR was conducted to analyze the differential expression of genes between different groups of bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Western blot was performed to detect Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression after treatment with Trp or kynurenine (the main metabolites of Trp). The kynurenine assay was used to examine if Trp or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can increase the production of kynurenine in the bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Results Trp significantly stimulates insulin growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) expression, a common endometrial marker of conceptus elongation and uterus receptivity for ruminants. When bovine endometrial epithelial cells are treated with Trp, tryptophan hydroxylase-1 remains unchanged, but tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2) is significantly increased, suggesting tryptophan is mainly metabolized through the kynurenine pathway. Kynurenine significantly stimulates IGFBP1 expression. Furthermore, Trp and kynurenine significantly increase the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). CH223191, an AHR inhibitor, abrogates the induction of Trp and kynurenine on IGFBP1. PGE2 significantly induces the expression of TDO2, AHR, and IGFBP1. Conclusions The regulation between Trp / kynurenine and PGE2 may be crucial for the receptivity of the bovine uterus.